Yavne ( Hebrew : יַבְנֶה ) is a city in the Central District of Israel . In 2022, it had a population of 56,232.
79-516: Modern Yavne was established in 1949 after the local Palestinian population was expelled or fled. It is located near the ruins of the ancient town of Yibna (known also as Jamnia and Jabneh), later the village of Yibna , and today the archeological site of Tel Yavne. Ancient Yavne holds a special place in Jewish history because of the ancient town's contribution to Judaism 's recovery and reconstitution under sages ben Zakkai and Gamaliel II following
158-437: A fixed tax rate of 33,3% on wheat , barley , sesame and fruit crops, as well as goats and beehives; a total of 14,000 Akçe . In the late nineteenth century, Isdud was described as a village spread across the eastern slope of a low hill, covered with gardens. A ruined khan stood southwest of the village. Its houses were one-storey high with walls and enclosures built of adobe brick. There were two main sources of water:
237-641: A Divine voice ( Hebrew : bat ḳol ) was heard in Yavne, ruling in favor of the School of Hillel . To counter a perceived threat to rabbinical authority, the Talmud states that Shmuel ha-Katan of Yavne enacted the " twelfth benediction " in the daily prayer , i.e., the benediction against apostates and heretics ( Hebrew : minim ). The Crusaders renamed the city Ibelin and built its castle there in 1141. An excavation led by Professor Dan Bahat in 2005 revealed
316-471: A budget of about €20 million over three years that will invest in startups focusing on semiconductor and display crystal technologies. In 2022 Recipharm established a new facility in Yavne. MediWound manufactures NexoBrid in Yavne, a unique product for the treatment of severe burns. It allows saving affected tissue which would otherwise need to be removed, leading to less amputations of hands and feet. Many October 7, 2023 victims have benefitted from it, with
395-663: A few kilometers south of the modern Ashdod in present-day Israel . The first documented urban settlement at Ashdod dates to the 17th century BCE, when it was a fortified Canaanite city, before being destroyed in the Bronze Age Collapse . During the Iron Age , it was one of the five cities of the Philistine pentapolis , and is mentioned 13 times in the Hebrew Bible . After being captured by Uzziah , it
474-474: A guidebook published in Jerusalem describes Yavne as home to Israel's first atomic reactor, an image of which appeared on a 0.50 Shekel stamp. When Mayor Meir Sheetrit assumed office in 1974, the city became a low-density suburban satellite of Tel Aviv with new construction targeting middle-class families. Yavne achieved city status in 1986. By the mid-1990s, the population had risen to 25,600. According to
553-553: A large village partly built of stone and situated on a hill. It had olive trees and corn to the north, and gardens nearby. In 1921, an elementary school for boys was founded in Yibna. By 1941-42 it had 445 students. A school for girls was founded in 1943, and by 1948 it had 44 students. In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Yibna had a population of 1,791; all Muslims, increasing in
632-626: A natural kurkar hill, the area shows to have been inhabited continuously from either the Bronze or Iron Age until the British Mandate . During some periods, especially the Byzantine period, the settlement expanded to cover part of the plain and hills surrounding the tell. Yavne is mentioned in the Bible and other ancient texts. In Roman times, the city was known as Iamnia or Jamnia . It
711-402: A number of Israeli villages were founded on Yibna's land: Kfar HaNagid and Beit Gamliel in 1949, Ben Zakai in 1950, Kfar Aviv (originally: "Kfar HaYeor") in 1951, and Tzofiyya in 1955. Archaeological excavations have revealed that part of the pre-1948 Arab village at Yibna was built on top of a Byzantine-period cemetery and refuse pits. Palestinian artist Sliman Mansour made Yibna
790-491: A pond and a masonry well. Both were surrounded by groves of date-palm and fig-trees. In the 1922 census of Palestine , conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Isdud had a population of 2,566 inhabitants; 2,555 Muslims and 11 Christians, where the Christians were all Catholics . The population increased in the 1931 census to 3,240; 3,238 Muslims and 2 Christians, in a total of 764 houses. The village of Isdud
869-526: A total of 34,000 akçe . Three quarters of the revenues went to a waqf (religious endowment). In the French campaign in Egypt and Syria in 1799, it was shown on the map that Pierre Jacotin compiled that year as 'Ebneh'. An American missionary, William Thomson , who visited Yibna in 1834, described it as a village on hill inhabited by 3,000 Muslims who worked in agriculture. He wrote that an inscription on
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#1732765458916948-407: Is an archaeological site and depopulated Palestinian town . The ruins are located southeast of the modern Israeli city of Yavne . The town had a population of 5,420 in 1948, located 15 kilometers southwest of Ramla . Most of the population fled after the fall of al-Qubeiba and Zarnuqa in late May, but armed males were forced back. Israeli Occupation forces took the town on June 5 and expelled
1027-586: Is first mentioned in written documents from Late Bronze Age Ugarit , which indicate that the city was a center of export for dyed woolen purple fabric and garments. At the end of the 13th century BCE, the Sea Peoples conquered and destroyed Ashdod. By the beginning of the 12th century BCE, the Philistines , generally thought to have been one of the Sea Peoples, ruled the city. During their reign,
1106-712: Is likewise believed to be derived from the Canaanite form. In the Hellenistic period, the name of the settlement became "Azotus" in Greek and sometimes specifically "Azotus Mesogaias", literally "Inland Azotus", in contrast to Azotus Paralios , literally "Azotus-by-the-sea", or Ashdod-Yam in Hebrew. In the Early Muslim period , the geographer Ibn Khordadbeh referred to the city in the 9th century as "Azdud", echoing
1185-408: Is reported to have besieged the great city of "Azotus" for twenty-nine years (Herodotus, ii. 157); the biblical references to the remnant of Ashdod ( Jeremiah 25:20 ; cf. Zephaniah 2:4 ) are interpreted as allusions to this event. The city absorbed another blow in 605 BCE, when Nebuchadnezzar of Babylonia conquered it. Under Babylonian rule it was a province. In 539 BCE the city was rebuilt by
1264-516: The 1931 census to 3,600, of whom all were Muslims except for seven Christians, two Jews and one Baháʼí , living in a total of 794 houses. In 1941, Kibbutz Yavne was established nearby by refugees from Germany, followed by a Youth Aliyah village, Givat Washington , in 1946. In 1944-45 , Yibna had a population of 5,400 Muslims and 20 Christians, while the total land area was 59,554 dunams , according to an official land and population survey. In addition there were 1,500 nomads living around
1343-604: The Ad Halom bridge over the Lachish River . Israeli forces surrounded the town during Operation Pleshet , and shelled and bombed it from the air. For three nights from 18 October the Israeli Air Force bombed Isdud and several other locations. Fearing encirclement, Egyptian forces retreated on October 28, 1948, and the majority of the residents fled. The 300 townspeople who remained were driven southwards by
1422-634: The Aghlabid dynasty that ruled in North Africa. Without a doubt this is a wonderful Hanukkah present for us," said Kool. In August 2020, Israeli archaeologists discovered 425 complete gold coins, most dating to the Abbasid period around 1,100 years ago. In April 2021, archaeologists announced the discovery of a 1,600-year-old multicolored mosaic dated back to the Byzantine period in an industrial area. According to IAA archaeologist Elie Haddad, it
1501-636: The Bronze Age Hyksos . It has been in use from the Middle Bronze Age until the 12th century CE, when it was abandoned. Ashdod (ancient city) Ashdod ( Philistine : 𐤀𐤔𐤃𐤃 * ʾašdūd ; Hebrew : אַשְׁדּוֹד , romanized : ʾašdōḏ ; Arabic : أسدود , romanized : ʾasdūd ) or Azotus ( Koinē Greek : Ἄζωτος , romanized: azōtos ) was an ancient Levantine metropolis situated at Tel Ashdod , ' Mound of Ashdod', an archaeological site located
1580-705: The First Jewish–Roman War . In 66 AD, the Roman tribune Neapolitanus met with King Agrippa II in Iamnia, to inform him of his mission to investigate the situation in Jerusalem, following Florus ' seizure of Temple funds and clashes between Jews and Roman troops . Later, in spring 68 AD, after the Roman army under Vespasian quelled the insurrection in Galilee , the army marched upon Iamnia and Azotus , taking both towns and stationing garrisons within them. Following
1659-589: The Hellenistic period . Asdûdu led the revolt of Philistines, Judeans , Edomites , and Moabites against Assyria after expulsion of king Ahi-Miti, whom Sargon had installed instead of his brother Azuri. Gath ( Gimtu ) belonged to the kingdom of Ashdod at that time. Assyrian king Sargon II's commander-in-chief ( turtanu ), whom the King James Bible calls simply "Tartan" ( Isaiah 20:1 ), regained control of Ashdod in 712/711 BCE and forced
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#17327654589161738-506: The Israel Antiquities Authority uncovered several burials at the northern foot of the original tell. Most of the burials are dated to the later Iron Age . One burial points to a late Bronze Age occupation. A large Philistine favissa (deposit of cultic artifacts) was discovered on Temple Hill. Two excavation seasons in the 2000s led by Professor Dan Bahat revealed some Iron Age remains. Pottery sherds of
1817-597: The Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), in 2021 the ethnic makeup of the city was 99 percent Jewish and others, without significant Arab population. As of March 2021 the city numbered 53,595 persons, with a high percentage of young people: 37% of the population was in the 0–19 age group and 71% of the total population was younger than 44. Major companies based in Yavne include Ormat Industries , Aeronautics Defense Systems , Avisar and Orbotech . In 2019, Merck established an incubator in Yavne with
1896-534: The Israel Defense Forces . The village was part of territory that was granted to Israel in the 1949 Armistice Agreements following the end of the war. The Book of Nehemiah , referring to events in the 5th century BCE, mentions the Ashdodites and the speech of Ashdod , which half of the children from mixed families are described as adopting. Hugo Winckler explains the use of that name by
1975-692: The Liga Leumit (basketball) since 2007. Omri Casspi, the first Israeli to play in the National Basketball Association, grew up in the city and played for some of its teams. Tel Yavne was first excavated in 2005 in a dig headed by Dan Bahat , who unearthed the gate room of the Crusader castle of Ibelin, as well as a vault destroyed with gunpowder by the Mamluks and deeply embedded Crusader walls east of it, all at or around
2054-722: The Mamluk period , Isdud was a key village along the Cairo—Damascus road , which served as a center for rural religious and economic life. During the Ottoman period , the site was the location of a village, whose position on the Via Maris contributed to its importance. In 1596 CE, administered by nahiya ("subdistrict") of Gaza under the liwa' ("district") of Gaza , the population of Ashdod (named Sdud ) numbered 75 households, about 413 persons, all Muslims . The villagers paid
2133-620: The Persians . In 332 BCE the city was conquered in the wars of Alexander the Great . During the Hellenistic period through to the late medieval period, the city was known to the Greeks as Αzotus ( Greek : Άζωτος) or Azotus Mesogaios (literally "inland Azotus"). It was also known as Hippinos (literally "of the horsemen"), to the Romans. Despite its location four miles (6 km) from
2212-646: The Rashidun army led by Amr ibn al-As during the Muslim conquest of the Levant . The 9th-century historian Ya'qubi wrote that it was an ancient city built on a hill and inhabited by Samaritans . The geographer al-Maqdisi , writing around 985, said that "Yubna has a beautiful mosque . From this place come the excellent figs known by the name of Damascene ." The geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi wrote that in Yubna there
2291-450: The Roman province of Syria . In 30 BCE, Ashdod came under Herod 's rule, who bequeathed it to his sister Salome I , a decision later confirmed by Augustus . During the First Jewish–Roman War , Vespasian subdued and garrisoned the town. Ashdod was a bishopric under Byzantine rule , but its importance diminished over the course of the medieval period . In the Ottoman -era, this was
2370-575: The Tel Yavne archeological site, which is southeast of the modern city. Yavne was one of the major ancient cities in the southern coastal plain , situated 20 km (12.43 mi) south of Jaffa , 15 km (9.32 mi) north of Ashdod , and 7 km (4.35 mi) east of the Mediterranean . From excavations of the ancient tell (mound created by accumulation of archaeological remains) known as Tel Yavne (Hebrew), which developed on
2449-550: The destruction of the Second Temple . This period, sometimes known as the "Yavne period", became a crucial mark in the development of Rabbinic Judaism . The city has a history of producing wine throughout much of antiquity, as indicated by both archeological findings and ancient sources. In many English translations of the Bible, Yavne was known as Jabneh / ˈ dʒ æ b n ə / . In Greek and Latin-speaking sources, it
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2528-488: The fall of Jerusalem , his school functioned as a Sanhedrin . It is was also theorized for some time to have been the site of a supposed Council of Jamnia that established the rabbinic Jewish biblical canon (although current scholarship largely rejects the theory that such a council in fact occurred). According to the Jerusalem Talmud ( Berakhot 1:4), when the rabbis argued over some fine point of Jewish law,
2607-548: The southern front, because of its commanding view of the coastal plain. Yavne was estabilished in October 1948 as a transit camp for Jews from Arab countries, Iran and Europe. The first neighbourhood was established in early 1949. In the early years, the inhabitants were shopkeepers, farmers and construction workers. In 1953, the population was 1,600. In the 1960s, several enterprises moved from Tel Aviv to Yavne, establishing leather, textile, and metallurgy industries. By 1970,
2686-565: The 12th and 13th centuries. Ibelin was first sacked by Saladin before his army was comprehensively routed at the Battle of Montgisard in late 1177. In August 1187, it was retaken by Saladin and burned down, and ceased for some time to form part of the Crusaders' kingdom. The Jewish traveler Benjamin of Tudela (1130–1173) identified Jamnia ( Jabneh ) of classical writers with the Ibelin of
2765-607: The Crusades. He places the ancient city of Jamnia at three parasangs from Jaffa and two from Ashdod ( Azotus ). During the Mamluk period (13th–16th centuries), Yibna was a key site along the Cairo—Damascus road, which served as a center for rural religious and economic life. Ibelin's parish church was converted into a mosque, to which a minaret was added during the Mamluk period in 1337. The minaret survives until today, while
2844-692: The Emperor, provoking the local Jewish population. The Jews destroyed the altar, which they saw as desecration. This led the Gentiles to complain to Capito, the imperial revenue collector in Judaea , who reported the matter to Emperor Caligula . In retaliation, Caligula ordered a statue of himself as Jupiter to be placed in the Holy of Holies at the Temple of Jerusalem . Iamnia played a role in several events during
2923-483: The Iron Age and Persian period were discovered at the surface of the tell. In Roman times, the city was known as Iamnia , also spelled Jamnia . It was bequeathed by Herod the Great upon his death to his sister Salome I . Upon her death, it passed to the Roman emperor Augustus , who managed it as a private imperial estate , a status it was to maintain for at least a century. After Salome's death, Iamnia came into
3002-748: The Philistine period. The ancient Levantine settlement of Ashdod had many names. Its first attestation comes in the form of 11th century BCE Egyptian lists, where is it transcribed as "ísdd", which scholars have determined is derived from the Late Bronze Age Canaanite "’aṯdādu". This became "asdudu" or "asdūdu" in Assyrian records, "ašdudu" in Babylonian cuneiform and "ášdadi" in Ugaritic . The Hebrew "’ašdōd", or "Ashdod",
3081-508: The US also buying $ 20 million worth of NexoBrid for its strategic national stockpile. In 2012 a new green neighborhood "Neot Rabin" was inaugurated in the south of the city. Maccabi Yavne is the city's major football club. During the 1980s the club played in the top division and in 1985 won the Toto Cup . Today they are in Liga Leumit . The basketball team, Elitzur Yavne , have also played in
3160-453: The city and "laid it waste". His brother Jonathan Maccabaeus conquered it again in 147 BCE and destroyed the temple of Dagon associated with a Biblical story about the Philistine captivity of the Ark . During the rule of Alexander Jannaeus , Ashdod was part of his territory. The succession wars between Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II wreaked destruction on Azotus. Pompey restored
3239-481: The city prospered and was a member of the Philistine Pentapolis ('five cities'), which included Ashkelon and Gaza on the coast and Ekron and Gath farther inland, in addition to Ashdod. In 950 BCE, Ashdod was destroyed during Pharaoh Siamun 's conquest of the region. The city was not rebuilt until at least 815 BCE. Overall, the city remained independent of Judean and Israelite rule up until
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3318-637: The coast, Ptolemy (c. 90 – c. 168 CE) described the Hellenized city as a maritime city, as did Josephus in Antiquities . Josephus also describes Ashdod as "in the inland parts". This curious contradiction may refer to Ashdod's control of a separate harbor, called " Azotus Paralios ", or Ashdod-on-the-Sea (παράλιος - "paralios", Greek for "on the coast"). Azotus prospered until the Maccabean Revolt , during which Judas Maccabeus took
3397-517: The direction of Judas Maccabeus . In 2022, a sling bullet was discovered with the Greek inscription "Victory of Heracles and Hauronas", the two gods were the patrons of the city during the Hellenistic period . Yavne is twinned with: Yibna Yibna ( Arabic : يبنا ; Jabneh or Jabneel in Biblical times; Jamnia in Roman times; Ibelin to the Crusaders ), or Tel Yavne ,
3476-411: The early 7th century. Ibelin was first sacked by Saladin before his army was routed at the Battle of Montgisard in late 1177. In August 1187, it was retaken and burnt to the ground, and ceased for some time to form part of the Crusaders' kingdom. Ibelin's parish church was converted into a mosque , to which a minaret was added during the Mamluk period in 1337. The minaret is still standing, although
3555-642: The fact that Ashdod was the nearest of the Philistine cities to Jerusalem . In Joshua 11 , Ashdod is listed among the cities assigned to the Tribe of Judah (Joshua 11:21-22) In I Samuel 6:17 Ashdod is mentioned among the principal Philistine cities. After capturing the Ark of the covenant from the Israelites, the Philistines took it to Ashdod and placed it in the temple of Dagon . The next morning Dagon
3634-465: The failure of the revolt and the destruction of the Second Temple , Judaism underwent significant reform in Yavne. According to rabbinic tradition, Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai and his disciples were permitted to settle in Iamnia during the outbreak of the war, after ben Zakkai, realizing that Jerusalem was about to fall, departed the city and sought the permission of Vespasian , commander of the Roman forces, to settle in Yavne and teach his disciples. Upon
3713-437: The independence of Azotus, as he did with all Hellenising coastal cities. A few years later, in 55 BCE, after more fighting, Roman general Gabinius helped rebuild Ashdod and several other cities left without protective walls. In 30 BCE Ashdod came under the rule of King Herod , who then bequeathed it to his sister Salome . This was later confirmed by Augustus . By the time of the First Jewish–Roman War (66-70), there
3792-601: The main gate. Its namesake noble family, the House of Ibelin , was important in the Kingdom of Jerusalem and later in the Kingdom of Cyprus . Salvage excavations at the west of the tell unearthed a stash of 53 Crusader coins of the 12th and 13th centuries. The Islamic historian al-Baladhuri (died 892 AD) describes Yibna as one of ten towns in Jund Filastin conquered by the Rashidun army led by 'Amr ibn al-'As in
3871-417: The mosque (the former Crusader church) was blown up by the Israeli army in 1950. The Mausoleum of Abu Huraira , a maqam (religious shrine), in Yibna was described as "one of the finest domed mausoleums in Palestine". The site has been considered by Muslims as the tomb of Abu Huraira since the 12th century. After Israel's capture of Yibna in 1948, the shrine was taken over by Sephardic Jews who consider
3950-447: The mosque indicated that it had been built in 1386, while Denys Pringle indicates 1337 as the construction year of the minaret. In 1838, Yibna was noted as a Muslim village in the Gaza district. An Ottoman village list from 1870 found that Yibna had a population of 1,042 living in 348 houses, although this number only counted adult males. In 1882, the Palestine Exploration Fund 's Survey of Western Palestine described Yibna as
4029-420: The mosque itself (the former Crusader church) was blown up by the IDF in 1950. The Mausoleum of Abu Huraira , known in Arabic as Maqam Abu Hurayra, described as "one of the finest domed mausoleums in Palestine", dates back to the 12th century. It was said to be the tomb of Abu Hurairah , a companion ( sahaba ) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad . Abu Hurairah however is buried in Medina , Saudi Arabia , but he
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#17327654589164108-399: The outbreak of the war, after Zakkai, realizing that Jerusalem was about to fall, sneaked out of the city and asked Vespasian , the commander of the besieging Roman forces, for the right to settle in Yavne and teach his disciples. Upon the fall of Jerusalem, his school functioned as a re-establishment of the Sanhedrin . Byzantine period finds from excavations include an aqueduct east of
4187-451: The population had grown to 10,100. Other Israeli villages were founded on Yibna land were Kfar HaNagid and Beit Gamliel in 1949, Ben Zakai in 1950, Kfar Aviv (originally: "Kfar HaYeor") in 1951, Tzofiyya in 1955. According to Walid Khalidi , a railroad crosses the village. The old mosque and minaret , together with a shrine can still be seen, and some of the old houses are inhabited by Jewish and Arab families. The 1980 edition of
4266-437: The population of Yibna fled to Isdud , but Yibna's armed males were forced back to Yibna by Isdud 's militiamen. According to the official history, the Israeli Givati Brigade was interested in evacuating the village. On June 5, after a brief firefight, they took the village and found it deserted apart from a few old people who were expelled. Refugees fleeing the village were fired at 'to increase [their] panic.' After 1948,
4345-414: The pre-Hellenistic name. By the 16th century, it had lost its initial vowel to become just "Sdud", before regaining it by the 19th century as "Esdud" – a form of the settlement's name that changed little through to the 20th century "Isdud". The earliest major habitation in Ashdod dates to the 17th century BCE. Ashdod was fortified in MBIIC with a two-entryway city gate (similar to Shechem ). Ashdod
4424-416: The property of Livia , the future Roman empress, and then to her son Tiberius . During the First Jewish–Roman War , when the Roman army had quelled the insurrection in Galilee , the army then marched upon Iamnia and Azotus , taking both towns and stationing garrisons within them. According to rabbinic tradition, the tanna Yohanan ben Zakkai and his disciples were permitted to settle in Iamnia during
4503-425: The remaining population. It is a significant site for post-biblical Jewish history, as it was the location of the Council of Jamnia , considered the birthplace of modern Rabbinic Judaism. It is also significant in the history of the Crusades , as the location of the House of Ibelin . In many English translations of the Bible, it is known as Yavne or Jabneh / ˈ dʒ æ b n ə / . In classical antiquity , it
4582-433: The site of the former and now depopulated Palestinian village of Isdud . There was ongoing habitation at the site in the early modern period through to the 1948 Arab-Israeli War , when the then village of Isdud was depopulated when its inhabitants fled or were expelled. Today, the site is an archaeological site that is open to the public, with visible remains of Isdud and earlier historical ruins, thought to date back to
4661-446: The subject of one of his paintings. The work, named for the village, was one of a series of four on destroyed Palestinian villages that he produced in 1988 in order to resist the cancellation of Palestinian history; the others being Yalo , Imwas and Bayt Dajan . The harbour of ancient Yavneh has been identified on the coast at Minet Rubin (Arabic) or Yavne-Yam (Hebrew), where excavations have revealed fortification going back to
4740-401: The tell, and a kiln. The world's largest wine factory from the Byzantine period has been uncovered by Israeli archaeologists, after a two-year excavation process; the importance of its wine was exemplified by its use by emperor Justin II in 566 at his table during his coronation feast. The historian al-Baladhuri (d. 892 CE) mentioned Yibna as one of ten towns in Jund Filastin conquered by
4819-500: The tomb as the burial place of Rabbi Gamaliel of Yavne . The village became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1517. In the 1596 Ottoman tax registers, it fell under the nahiya (subdistrict) of Gaza , part of the liwa' (district) of Gaza , with a population of 129 households, an estimated 710 persons, all Muslims. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on a number of crops, including wheat, barley, summer crops, sesame seeds and fruits, as well as goats, beehives and vineyards;
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#17327654589164898-456: The top of the tell. In December 2019, a large number of pottery kilns and 1,200-year-old gold coins which may have been a Palestinian potter's " piggy bank " were unearthed in a juglet by the Israeli Antiquities Authority . According to archaeologist Robert Kool, the coins date back to the early Abbasid period , about 9th century CE. One of the seven coins was minted by Caliph Harun al-Rashid (786–809 CE). "These are gold dinars issued by
4977-455: The usurper Yamani to flee. Sargon's general destroyed the city and exiled its residents, including some Israelites who were subsequently settled in Media and Elam . Mitinti ( Akkadian : 𒈪𒋾𒅔𒋾 mi-ti-in-ti ; Philistine : 𐤌𐤕𐤕 * Mītīt or * Matīt ) was king at the time of Sargon's son Sennacherib (r. 705–681 BCE), and Akhimilki in the reign of Sennacherib's son Esarhaddon (r. 681–669 BCE). Psamtik I of Egypt (r. 664 – 610 BCE)
5056-443: The village almost deserted apart from a few old people who were ordered to leave. In the 1930s, a plan was proposed to rebuild the ancient Talmudic academy founded by Yochanan Ben Zakkai. In 1941, an agreement was reached between the Jewish National Fund and the Mizrachi/Hapoel Mizrachi movements, allocating five hundred dunams in Yavne area for a yeshiva. In 1948, the building was used as a forward post by Yigal Alon , commander of
5135-416: The village. A total of 6,468 dunams of village land was used for citrus and bananas, 15,124 were used for cereals, 11,091 were irrigated or used for orchards, of which 25 were planted with olive trees, while 127 dunams were classified as built-up areas. Yibna was in the territory allotted to the Jewish state under the 1947 UN Partition Plan . In mid-March 1948, a contingent of Iraqi volunteers moved into
5214-524: The village. In a Haganah reprisal on 30 March, two dozen villagers were killed. On April 21, the Iraqi village commander was arrested in Jaffa for drunkenly shooting two Arabs. During the 1948 Arab-Israeli war, residents of Zarnuqa sought refuge in Yibna, but left after the villagers accused them of being traitors. On 27 May, following the fall of Al-Qubayba and Zarnuqa , most of the population of Yibna fled to Isdud , but armed males were refused entry. On 5 June, when Israeli troops arrived, they found
5293-433: The village. In a Haganah reprisal on March 30, two dozen villagers were killed. On April 21, the Iraqi village commander was arrested by the British authorities for the drunken shooting of two Arabs. During the 1948 Arab-Israeli war , residents of Zarnuqa sought refuge in Yibna, but left after Yibna's inhabitants accused them of being traitors. On 27 May, following the fall of nearby al-Qubayba and Zarnuqa , most of
5372-422: The west of the tell in 2009. The Crusaders called the city Ibelin and built a castle there in 1141. Two excavation seasons led by Professor Dan Bahat starting in 2005 revealed the main gate. Its namesake noble family, the house of Ibelin , was important in the Kingdom of Jerusalem and later in the Kingdom of Cyprus . Salvage excavations at the west of the tell unearthed a stash of 53 Crusader coins of
5451-402: Was a tomb said to be that of Abu Hurayra , a Companion of the Prophet . The author of the Marasid also adds that tomb seen here is also said to be that of Abd Allah ibn Sa'd , another Companion of the Prophet. In 2007, remains ranging from the early Islamic period until the British Mandate period were uncovered. An additional kiln, and part of a commercial/industrial area were uncovered at
5530-415: Was also venerated in various places in Palestine, namely in Ramle and Yavne. After 1948 the shrine was adopted by Mizrahi Jews who believe the tomb is the burial place of Rabbi Gamaliel of Yavne . Jewish worshippers say that it was a Jewish burial site that was Islamized later, although there is no record of Jewish pilgrimage there before 1948. In mid-March 1948, a contingent of Iraqi soldiers moved into
5609-417: Was bequeathed by King Herod upon his death to his sister Salome . Upon her death it passed to Emperor Augustus , who ran it as a private imperial estate , a status retained for at least a century. After Salome's death, Iamnia came into the property of Livia , the future Roman empress, and then to her son Tiberius . In the 40s AD, a dispute emerged in Jamnia when Gentiles constructed a mud-brick altar to
5688-610: Was briefly ruled by the Kingdom of Judah before changing hands between the Neo-Assyrian Empire , the Neo-Babylonian Empire and the later Achaemenid Empire . Following the conquests of Alexander the Great , the city became Hellenized , and was known as Azotus. It was later incorporated into the Hasmonean kingdom . In the 1st century BCE, Pompey removed the city from Judean rule and annexed it to
5767-462: Was evidently a significant Jewish presence in Ashdod, prompting Vespasian to station a garrison in the city in the spring of 68. During the Byzantine period , Azotus Paralios overshadowed its inland counterpart in size and importance. The 6th-century Madaba Map shows both under their respective names. The prominence of Hellenised, then Christian Azotus continued until the 7th century. The city
5846-611: Was found prostrate before the Ark; on being restored to his place, he was on the following morning again found prostrate and broken. The people of Ashdod were smitten with boils; a plague of mice was sent over the land (1 Samuel 6:5). The 1st century CE Book of Acts refers to Azotus as the place in which Philip the Evangelist reappeared after he converted the Ethiopian eunuch to Christianity. Ancient Ashdod has today become an archaeological site known as "Tel Ashdod", located
5925-461: Was known as Jamnia ( Ancient Greek : Ἰαμνία Iamníā ; Latin : Iamnia ). Under Late Roman and Byzantine rule , it had a mixed population of Christians , Jews, and Samaritans . Under the Crusaders , the city was known as Ibelin , and was where the House of Ibelin resided. During the Ottoman and British periods, it was known as Yibna ( Arabic : يبنى ). The ancient site is now found at
6004-511: Was known as Jamnia ( Koinē Greek : Ἰαμνία , romanized: Iamníā ; Latin : Iamnia ); to the Crusaders as Ibelin ; and before 1948, as Yibna. ( Arabic : يبنا ) Based on written sources and archaeology, the history of Yavneh/Jabneh/Yibna goes back to the Iron Age and possibly to the Bronze Age . The Hebrew Bible mentions Yavneh repeatedly, as does Josephus . For more see Yavne . Salvage excavations carried out in 2001 by
6083-579: Was occupied by the Egyptian army on May 29, 1948, and became the Egyptians' northernmost position during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War . While the Israelis failed to capture territory, and suffered heavy casualties, Egypt changed its strategy from offensive to defensive, thus halting their northward advance. Egyptian and Israeli forces clashed in the surrounding area, with the Egyptians being unable to hold
6162-510: Was represented at the Council of Chalcedon by Heraclius of Azotus. Azotus came under Muslim rule in the 7th century. The geographer Ibn Khordadbeh (c. 820 – 912, Early Muslim period ) referred to the inland city as "Azdud" and described it as a postal station between al-Ramla and Gaza . 12-century Crusader church endowments and land deeds mention settlement in Azotum. During
6241-492: Was the first time that excavators revealed a colored mosaic floor in Yavne. The ancient harbour of Yavne, Yavne-Yam (in Arabic Minet Rubin ) was identified on the coast. Excavations have revealed fortification going back to the Bronze Age Hyksos . It was in use from the Middle Bronze Age until the 12th century CE, when it was abandoned. 2 Maccabees 12:8–9 refers to the burning of the harbour and its fleet on
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