89-594: Yahoo ( / ˈ j ɑː h uː / , styled yahoo ! in its logo ) is an American web services provider. It is headquartered in Sunnyvale, California , and operated by the namesake company Yahoo! Inc. , which is 90% owned by investment funds managed by Apollo Global Management and 10% by Verizon . It provides a web portal , search engine Yahoo Search , and related services, including My Yahoo , Yahoo Mail , Yahoo News , Yahoo Finance , Yahoo Sports and its advertising platform, Yahoo Native . Yahoo
178-436: A general glut in the job market. University enrollment for computer-related degrees dropped noticeably. Aeron chairs , which retailed for $ 1,100 each, were liquidated en masse. As growth in the technology sector stabilized, companies consolidated; some, such as Amazon.com , eBay , Nvidia and Google gained market share and came to dominate their respective fields. The most valuable public companies are now generally in
267-570: A "yahoo" (used by college students in David Filo's native Louisiana in the late 1980s and early 1990s to refer to an unsophisticated, rural Southerner): "rude, unsophisticated, uncouth." This meaning derives from the Yahoo race of fictional beings from Gulliver's Travels . Yahoo was incorporated on March 2, 1995. In 1995, a search engine function, called Yahoo Search, was introduced. This allowed users to search Yahoo Directory. Yahoo soon became
356-535: A 10-year collaboration in 2014, as a founding partner of Levi's Stadium , home of the San Francisco 49ers . The National Basketball Association partnered with Yahoo Sports to stream games, offer virtual and augmented-reality fan experiences, and in 2018 NBA League Pass . Yahoo Sportsbook launched in November 2019, a collaboration with BetMGM. BuzzFeed acquired HuffPost from Yahoo in November 2020, in
445-541: A combination of sign and emblem as a logo. As a result, only a few of the thousands of ideograms in circulation are recognizable without a name. An effective logo may consist of both an ideogram and the company name (logotype) to emphasize the name over the graphic, and employ a unique design via the use of letters, colors, and additional graphic elements. Ideograms and symbols may be more effective than written names (logotypes), especially for logos translated into many alphabets in increasingly globalized markets. For instance,
534-553: A design to give it protection at law. For example, in the UK, the Intellectual Property Office (United Kingdom) govern registered designs, patents, and trademarks. Ordinarily, the trademark registration will not 'make claim' to colors used, meaning it is the visual design that will be protected, even if it is reproduced in a variety of other colors or backgrounds. In some countries, especially civil law countries,
623-470: A differentiation of brands and products that the growing middle classes were consuming. Consultancies and trades-groups in the commercial arts were growing and organizing; by 1890, the US had 700 lithographic printing firms employing more than 8,000 people. Artistic credit tended to be assigned to the lithographic company, as opposed to the individual artists who usually performed less important jobs. Innovators in
712-697: A great deal of overcapacity as many Internet business clients went bust. That, plus ongoing investment in local cell infrastructure kept connectivity charges low, and helped to make high-speed Internet connectivity more affordable. During this time, a handful of companies found success developing business models that helped make the World Wide Web a more compelling experience. These include airline booking sites, Google 's search engine and its profitable approach to keyword-based advertising, as well as eBay 's auction site and Amazon.com 's online department store. The low price of reaching millions worldwide, and
801-530: A greater interest in credit, leading to the creation of unique logos and marks. By the 1950s, Modernism had shed its roots as an avant-garde artistic movement in Europe to become an international, commercialized movement with adherents in the United States and elsewhere. The visual simplicity and conceptual clarity that were the hallmarks of Modernism as an artistic movement formed a powerful toolset for
890-404: A logo lock-up, so named because elements are "locked" together and should not be broken apart or resized individually. Because logos are meant to represent companies' brands or corporate identities and foster their immediate customer recognition, it is counterproductive to frequently redesign logos. The logo design profession has substantially increased in numbers over the years since the rise of
979-589: A logo that matches the firm's Internet address. For short logotypes consisting of two or three characters, multiple companies are found to employ the same letters. A "CA" logo, for example, is used by the French bank Credit Agricole , the Dutch clothing retailer C&A , and the US software corporation CA Technologies , but only one can have the Internet domain name CA.com. In today's digital interface adaptive world,
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#17327657025841068-610: A logo will be formatted and re-formatted from large monitors to small handheld devices. With the constant size change and re-formatting, logo designers are shifting to a more bold and simple approach, with heavy lines and shapes, and solid colors. This reduces the confusion when mingled with other logos in tight spaces and when scaled between media. Social networks like Twitter , Facebook , LinkedIn , and Google+ use such logos. Logos and their design may be protected by copyright, via various intellectual property organisations worldwide which make available application procedures to register
1157-421: A much-hyped company that had backing from Amazon.com, went out of business only nine months after completing its IPO. By that time, most Internet stocks had declined in value by 75% from their highs, wiping out $ 1.755 trillion in value. In January 2001, just three dot-com companies bought advertising spots during Super Bowl XXXV . The September 11 attacks accelerated the stock-market drop. Investor confidence
1246-749: A name written in Arabic script might have little resonance in most European markets. By contrast, ideograms keep the general proprietary nature of a product in both markets. In non-profit areas, the Red Cross (varied as the Red Crescent in Muslim countries and as the Red Star of David in Israel) exemplifies a well-known emblem that does not need an accompanying name. The red cross and red crescent are among
1335-582: A new generation of graphic designers whose logos embodied Ludwig Mies van der Rohe 's dictum, "Less is more." Modernist-inspired logos proved successful in the era of mass visual communication ushered in by television, improvements in printing technology, and digital innovations. The current era of logo design began in the 1870s with the first abstract logo, the Bass red triangle. As of 2014 , many corporations, products, brands, services, agencies, and other entities use an ideogram (sign, icon) or an emblem (symbol) or
1424-854: A price–earnings ratio of 200, dwarfing the peak price–earnings ratio of 80 for the Japanese Nikkei 225 during the Japanese asset price bubble of 1991. In 1999, shares of Qualcomm rose in value by 2,619%, 12 other large-cap stocks each rose over 1,000% in value, and seven additional large-cap stocks each rose over 900% in value. Even though the Nasdaq Composite rose 85.6% and the S&;P 500 rose 19.5% in 1999, more stocks fell in value than rose in value as investors sold stocks in slower growing companies to invest in Internet stocks. An unprecedented amount of personal investing occurred during
1513-478: A profit. But despite this, the Internet continued to grow, driven by commerce, ever greater amounts of online information, knowledge, social networking and access by mobile devices. The 1993 release of Mosaic and subsequent web browsers during the following years gave computer users access to the World Wide Web , popularizing use of the Internet. Internet use increased as a result of the reduction of
1602-493: A revenue restatement due to aggressive accounting practices. Its stock price, which had risen from $ 7 per share to as high as $ 333 per share in a year, fell $ 140 per share, or 62%, in a day. The next day, the Federal Reserve raised interest rates, leading to an inverted yield curve , although stocks rallied temporarily. Tangentially to all of speculation, Judge Thomas Penfield Jackson issued his conclusions of law in
1691-557: A role in how we decipher and evaluate logo color. While color is considered important to brand recognition and logo design, it should not conflict with logo functionality, and it needs to be remembered that color connotations and associations are not consistent across all social and cultural groups. For example, in the United States, red, white, and blue are often used in logos for companies that want to project patriotic feelings but other countries will have different sets of colors that evoke national pride. Choosing an organisation's logo color
1780-460: A stock deal with Yahoo as a minority shareholder. The NFL partnered with Yahoo in 2020, to introduce a new "Watch Together" function on the Yahoo Sports app for interactive co-viewing through a synchronized livestream of local and primetime NFL games. The Paley Center for Media collaborated with Verizon Media to exclusively stream programs on Yahoo platforms beginning in 2020. Yahoo became
1869-402: A visual identity system is one of the most difficult and important areas of graphic design. Logos fall into three classifications (which can be combined). Ideographs, such as Chase Bank , are completely abstract forms; pictographs are iconic, representational designs; logotypes (or wordmarks) depict the name or company initials. These elements can be combined in a set position and relative size in
SECTION 20
#17327657025841958-602: A website named "Jerry and David's guide to the World Wide Web". The site was a human-edited web directory , organized in a hierarchy, as opposed to a searchable index of pages. In March 1994, "Jerry and David's Guide to the World Wide Web" was renamed "Yahoo!" and became known as the Yahoo Directory . The "yahoo.com" domain was registered on January 18, 1995. The word "yahoo" is a backronym for " Yet Another Hierarchically Organized Oracle" or "Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle". The term "hierarchical" described how
2047-448: A widely read article that stated: "It's time, at last, to pay attention to the numbers". On Friday, April 14, 2000, the Nasdaq Composite index fell 9%, ending a week in which it fell 25%. Investors were forced to sell stocks ahead of Tax Day , the due date to pay taxes on gains realized in the previous year. By June 2000, dot-com companies were forced to reevaluate their spending on advertising campaigns. On November 9, 2000, Pets.com ,
2136-425: A word. By extension, the term was also used for a uniquely set and arranged typeface or colophon . At the level of mass communication and in common usage, a company's logo is today often synonymous with its trademark or brand . Douglas Harper's Online Etymology Dictionary states that the term 'logo' used in 1937 "probably a shortening of logogram ". Numerous inventions and techniques have contributed to
2225-496: Is a graphic mark, emblem , or symbol used to aid and promote public identification and recognition. It may be of an abstract or figurative design or to include the text of the name that it represents as in a wordmark . In the days of hot metal typesetting , a logotype was one word cast as a single piece of type (e.g. "The" in ATF Garamond ), as opposed to a ligature , which is two or more letters joined, but not forming
2314-587: Is a key element in logo design and plays an important and potentially vital role in brand differentiation. Colors can have immense consequences on our moods. They are remarkably dominant to the point that they can psychologically manipulate perspectives, emotions, and reactions. The importance of color in this context is due to the mechanics of human visual perception wherein color and contrast play critical roles in visual detail detection. In addition, we tend to acquire various color connotations and color associations through social and cultural conditioning, and these play
2403-412: Is an important decision because of its long term implications and its role in creating differentiation among competitors' logos. A methodology for identifying potential logo colors within an industry sector is color mapping, whereby existing logo colors are systematically identified, mapped, and evaluated (O'Connor, 2011). Designing a good logo often requires involvement from a marketing team teaming with
2492-481: The 2002 FIFA World Cup and 2006 FIFA World Cup tournaments. It was one of FIFA's 15 partners at the tournaments. The deal included co-branding the organization's websites. Yahoo sponsored the 2012 Sundance Film Festival . NBC Sports Group aligned with Yahoo Sports the same year with content and program offerings on mobile and desktop platforms. Yahoo announced television video partnerships in 2013 with Condé Nast , WWE , ABC NEWS , and CNBC . Yahoo entered into
2581-782: The Dulles Technology Corridor in Virginia, governments funded technology infrastructure and created favorable business and tax law to encourage companies to expand. The growth in capacity vastly outstripped the growth in demand. Spectrum auctions for 3G in the United Kingdom in April 2000, led by Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown , raised £22.5 billion. In Germany, in August 2000,
2670-632: The Library of Congress and the fashion brand Armani Exchange . Another pioneer of corporate identity design is Paul Rand , who was one of the originators of the Swiss Style of graphic design . He designed many posters and corporate identities, including the famous logos for IBM , UPS , and ABC . The third pioneer of corporate identity design is Saul Bass . Bass was responsible for several recognizable logos in North America, including both
2759-650: The Modernist movement in the United States in the 1950s. Three designers are widely considered the pioneers of that movement and of logo and corporate identity design: The first is Chermayeff & Geismar , which is the firm responsible for many iconic logos, such as Chase Bank (1964), Mobil Oil (1965), PBS (1984), NBC (1986), National Geographic (2003), and others. Due to the simplicity and boldness of their designs, many of their earlier logos are still in use today. The firm recently designed logos for
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2848-474: The Victorian decorative arts led to an expansion of typographic styles and methods of representing businesses. The Arts and Crafts Movement of late-19th century, partially in response to the excesses of Victorian typography, aimed to restore an honest sense of craftsmanship to the mass-produced goods of the era. A renewal of interest in craftsmanship and quality also provided the artists and companies with
2937-400: The quaternary sector of the economy and confidence that the companies would turn future profits created an environment in which many investors were willing to overlook traditional metrics, such as the price–earnings ratio , and base confidence on technological advancements, leading to a stock market bubble . Between 1995 and 2000, the Nasdaq Composite stock market index rose 400%. It reached
3026-414: The threshold of originality required for copyright protection can be quite high, so a logo that contains simple geometric shapes or text might not be eligible for copyright protection although it can be protected as a trademark. For many teams, a logo or " crest " is an important way to recognize a team's history and can intimidate opponents. For certain teams, the logo and color scheme are synonymous with
3115-478: The " digital divide " and advances in connectivity, uses of the Internet, and computer education. Between 1990 and 1997, the percentage of households in the United States owning computers increased from 15% to 35% as computer ownership progressed from a luxury to a necessity. This marked the shift to the Information Age , an economy based on information technology , and many new companies were founded. At
3204-657: The August 2013 theft. On November 30, 2009, Yahoo was criticized by the Electronic Frontier Foundation for sending a DMCA notice to whistleblower website " Cryptome " for publicly posting details, prices, and procedures on obtaining private information pertaining to Yahoo's subscribers. After some concerns over censorship of private emails regarding a website affiliated with Occupy Wall Street protests were raised, Yahoo responded with an apology and explained it as an accident. On September 11, 2001, Yahoo announced its partnership with FIFA for
3293-486: The Bell Telephone logo (1969) and successor AT&T Corporation globe (1983). Other well-known designs were Continental Airlines (1968), Dixie (1969), and United Way (1972). Later, he would produce logos for a number of Japanese companies as well. An important development in the documentation of logo design is the study of French trademarks by historian Edith Amiot and philosopher Jean Louis Azizollah. Color
3382-427: The Federal Reserve , raised interest rates several times; these actions were believed by many to have caused the bursting of the dot-com bubble. According to Paul Krugman , however, "he didn't raise interest rates to curb the market's enthusiasm; he didn't even seek to impose margin requirements on stock market investors. Instead, [it is alleged] he waited until the bubble burst, as it did in 2000, then tried to clean up
3471-487: The French tire manufacturer Michelin introduced the Michelin Man , a cartoon figure presented in many different contexts, such as eating, drinking, and playing sports. By the early 21st century, large corporations such as MTV , Nickelodeon , Google , Morton Salt , and Saks Fifth Avenue had adopted dynamic logos that change over time from setting to setting. A company that uses logotypes (wordmarks) may desire
3560-507: The Nasdaq fell 2.6%, but the S&P 500 rose 2.4% as investors shifted from strong performing technology stocks to poor performing established stocks. On March 20, 2000, Barron's featured a cover article titled "Burning Up; Warning: Internet companies are running out of cash—fast", which predicted the imminent bankruptcy of many Internet companies. This led many people to rethink their investments. That same day, MicroStrategy announced
3649-484: The Web to be a useful and profitable additional channel for content distribution, and an additional means to generate advertising revenue. The sites that survived and eventually prospered after the bubble burst had two things in common: a sound business plan, and a niche in the marketplace that was, if not unique, particularly well-defined and well-served. In the aftermath of the dot-com bubble, telecommunications companies had
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3738-542: The Yahoo companies since 1995. They are: For a list of all current and defunct services offered by Yahoo, see List of Yahoo-owned sites and services . On September 22, 2016, Yahoo disclosed a data breach that occurred in late 2014, in which information associated with at least 500 million user accounts, one of the largest breaches reported to date. The United States indicted four men, including two employees of Russia's Federal Security Service (FSB), for their involvement in
3827-405: The Yahoo database was arranged in layers of subcategories. The term "oracle" was intended to mean "source of truth and wisdom", and the term "officious", rather than being related to the word's normal meaning, described the many office workers who would use the Yahoo database while surfing from work. However, Filo and Yang insist they mainly selected the name because they liked the slang definition of
3916-658: The acquisition of Yahoo's core Internet business for $ 4.83 billion. The deal excluded Yahoo's 15% stake in Alibaba Group and 35.5% stake in Yahoo Japan . On February 21, 2017, as a result of the Yahoo data breaches , Verizon lowered its purchase price for Yahoo by $ 350 million and reached an agreement to share liabilities regarding the data breaches. On June 13, 2017, Verizon completed the acquisition of Yahoo and Marissa Mayer resigned. Yahoo, AOL, and HuffPost were to continue operating under their own names, under
4005-454: The auctions raised £30 billion. A 3G spectrum auction in the United States in 1999 had to be re-run when the winners defaulted on their bids of $ 4 billion. The re-auction netted 10% of the original sales prices. When financing became hard to find as the bubble burst, the high debt ratios of these companies led to bankruptcy . Bond investors recovered just over 20% of their investments. However, several telecom executives sold stock before
4094-629: The best-recognized symbols in the world. National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and their Federation as well as the International Committee of the Red Cross include these symbols in their logos. Branding can aim to facilitate cross-language marketing. Consumers and potential consumers can identify the Coca-Cola name written in different alphabets because of the standard color and "ribbon wave" design of its logo. The text
4183-536: The bid, claiming that it "substantially undervalues" the company and was not in the interest of its shareholders. Although Microsoft increased its bid to $ 47 billion, Yahoo insisted on another 10%+ increase to the offer and Microsoft cancelled the offer in May 2008. Carol Bartz , who had no previous experience in Internet advertising, replaced Yang as CEO in January 2009. In September 2011, after failing to meet targets, she
4272-511: The boom and stories of people quitting their jobs to trade on the financial market were common. The news media took advantage of the public's desire to invest in the stock market; an article in The Wall Street Journal suggested that investors "re-think" the "quaint idea" of profits, and CNBC reported on the stock market with the same level of suspense as many networks provided to the broadcasting of sports events . At
4361-417: The boom of an advertising industry that integrated typography and imagery together on the page. Simultaneously, typography itself was undergoing a revolution of form and expression that expanded beyond the modest, serif typefaces used in books, to bold, ornamental typefaces used on broadsheet posters . The arts were expanding in purpose—from expression and decoration of an artistic, storytelling nature, to
4450-535: The case of United States v. Microsoft Corp. (2001) and ruled that Microsoft was guilty of monopolization and tying in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act . This led to a one-day 15% decline in the value of shares in Microsoft and a 350-point, or 8%, drop in the value of the Nasdaq. Many people saw the legal actions as bad for technology in general. That same day, Bloomberg News published
4539-405: The company. On May 13, 2012, Thompson was fired and was replaced on an interim basis by Ross Levinsohn , recently appointed head of Yahoo's new Media group. Several associates of Third Point Management , including Daniel S. Loeb were nominated to the board of directors . Thompson's total compensation for his 130-day tenure with Yahoo was at least $ 7.3 million. On July 15, 2012, Marissa Mayer
SECTION 50
#17327657025844628-504: The contemporary logo, including cylinder seals ( c. 2300 BCE ), coins ( c. 600 BCE ), trans-cultural diffusion of logographic languages, coats of arms , watermarks , silver hallmarks , and the development of printing technology . As the Industrial Revolution converted western societies from agrarian to industrial in the 18th and 19th centuries, photography and lithography contributed to
4717-523: The crash including Philip Anschutz , who reaped $ 1.9 billion, Joseph Nacchio , who reaped $ 248 million, and Gary Winnick , who sold $ 748 million worth of shares. Nearing the turn of the 2000s, spending on technology was volatile as companies prepared for the Year 2000 problem . There were concerns that computer systems would have trouble changing their clock and calendar systems from 1999 to 2000 which might trigger wider social or economic problems, but there
4806-744: The crash; 48% of dot-com companies survived through 2004, albeit at lower valuations. Several companies and their executives, including Bernard Ebbers , Jeffrey Skilling , and Kenneth Lay , were accused or convicted of fraud for misusing shareholders' money, and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission levied large fines against investment firms including Citigroup and Merrill Lynch for misleading investors. After suffering losses, retail investors transitioned their investment portfolios to more cautious positions. Popular Internet forums that focused on high tech stocks, such as Silicon Investor , Yahoo! Finance , and The Motley Fool declined in use significantly. Layoffs of programmers resulted in
4895-584: The crawler-based search engine underlying the Directory with Inktomi . Yahoo's two biggest acquisitions were made in 1999: Geocities for $ 3.6 billion and Broadcast.com for $ 5.7 billion. Its stock price skyrocketed during the dot-com bubble , closing at an all-time high of $ 118.75/share on January 3, 2000. However, after the dot-com bubble burst, it reached a post-bubble low of $ 8.11 on September 26, 2001. Yahoo began using Google for search in June 2000. Over
4984-444: The dot-com boom can be seen as similar to a number of other technology-inspired booms of the past, including railroads in the 1840s, automobiles in the early 20th century, radio in the 1920s, television in the 1940s, transistor electronics in the 1950s, computer time-sharing in the 1960s, and home computers and biotechnology in the 1980s. Low interest rates in 1998–99 facilitated an increase in start-up companies. In 2000,
5073-642: The dot-com bubble burst, and many dot-com startups went out of business after burning through their venture capital and failing to become profitable . However, many others, particularly online retailers like eBay and Amazon , blossomed and became highly profitable. More conventional retailers found online merchandising to be a profitable additional source of revenue. While some online entertainment and news outlets failed when their seed capital ran out, others persisted and eventually became economically self-sufficient. Traditional media outlets (newspaper publishers, broadcasters and cablecasters in particular) also found
5162-425: The first popular online directory and search engine on the World Wide Web . Yahoo grew rapidly throughout the 1990s. Yahoo became a public company via an initial public offering in April 1996 and its stock price rose 600% within two years. Like many search engines and web directories, Yahoo added a web portal, putting it in competition with services including Excite , Lycos , and America Online . By 1998, Yahoo
5251-423: The graphic design studio. Before a logo is designed, there must be a clear definition of the concept and values of the brand as well as understanding of the consumer or target group. Broad steps in the logo design process include research, conceptualization, investigation of alternative candidates, refinement of a chosen design, testing across products, and finally adoption and production of the chosen mark. In 1898,
5340-419: The hack. On December 14, 2016, the company revealed that another separate data breach had occurred in 2014, with hackers obtaining sensitive account information, including security questions, to at least one billion accounts. The company stated that hackers had utilized stolen internal software to forge HTTP cookies . On October 3, 2017, the company stated that all 3 billion of its user accounts were affected by
5429-670: The height of the boom, it was possible for a promising dot-com company to become a public company via an IPO and raise a substantial amount of money even if it had never made a profit—or, in some cases, realized any material revenue or even have a finished product. People who received employee stock options became instant paper millionaires when their companies executed IPOs; however, most employees were barred from selling shares immediately due to lock-up periods . The most successful entrepreneurs, such as Mark Cuban , sold their shares or entered into hedges to protect their gains. Sir John Templeton successfully shorted many dot-com stocks at
SECTION 60
#17327657025845518-497: The launch of a new product or website, a company would organize an expensive event called a dot-com party . In the five years after the American Telecommunications Act of 1996 went into effect, telecommunications equipment companies invested more than $ 500 billion, mostly financed with debt, into laying fiber optic cable, adding new switches, and building wireless networks. In many areas, such as
5607-790: The main sponsor for the Pramac Racing team and the first title sponsor for the 2021 ESport/MotoGP Championship season. Yahoo, the official partner for the September 2021 New York Fashion Week event also unveiled sponsorship for the Rebecca Minkoff collection via a NFT space. In September 2021, it was announced that Yahoo partnered with Shopify , connecting the e-commerce merchants on Yahoo Finance, AOL and elsewhere. Logo A logo (abbreviation of logotype ; from Ancient Greek λόγος (lógos) 'word, speech' and τύπος (túpos) 'mark, imprint')
5696-481: The mess afterward". Finance author and commentator E. Ray Canterbery agreed with Krugman's criticism. On Friday March 10, 2000, the NASDAQ Composite stock market index peaked at 5,048.62. However, on March 13, 2000, news that Japan had once again entered a recession triggered a global sell off that disproportionately affected technology stocks. Soon after, Yahoo! and eBay ended merger talks and
5785-594: The month, more people in the U.S. visited Yahoo websites than Google; the first time that Yahoo outperformed Google since 2011. The data did not count mobile usage, nor Tumblr. Mayer also hired Katie Couric to be the anchor of a new online news operation and started an online food magazine. However, by January 2014, doubts about Mayer's progress emerged when Mayer fired her own first major hire, Henrique de Castro. On December 12, 2014, Yahoo acquired video advertising provider BrightRoll for $ 583 million. On November 21, 2014, Yahoo acquired Cooliris . In August 2023, it
5874-468: The mottos "get big fast" and "get large or get lost". These companies offered their services or products for free or at a discount with the expectation that they could build enough brand awareness to charge profitable rates for their services in the future. The "growth over profits" mentality and the aura of " new economy " invincibility led some companies to engage in lavish spending on elaborate business facilities and luxury vacations for employees. Upon
5963-503: The new entrepreneurs had experience in business and economics, the majority were simply people with ideas, and did not manage the capital influx prudently. Additionally, many dot-com business plans were predicated on the assumption that by using the Internet, they would bypass the distribution channels of existing businesses and therefore not have to compete with them; when the established businesses with strong existing brands developed their own Internet presence, these hopes were shattered, and
6052-548: The newcomers were left attempting to break into markets dominated by larger, more established businesses. The dot-com bubble burst in March 2000, with the technology heavy NASDAQ Composite index peaking at 5,048.62 on March 10 (5,132.52 intraday), more than double its value just a year before. By 2001, the bubble's deflation was running full speed. A majority of the dot-coms had ceased trading, after having burnt through their venture capital and IPO capital, often without ever making
6141-446: The next four years, it developed its own search technologies, which it began using in 2004 partly using technology from its $ 280 million acquisition of Inktomi in 2002. In response to Google's Gmail , Yahoo began to offer unlimited email storage in 2007. In 2008, the company laid off hundreds of people as it struggled from competition. In February 2008, Microsoft made an unsolicited bid to acquire Yahoo for $ 44.6 billion. Yahoo rejected
6230-579: The peak of the bubble during what he called "temporary insanity" and a "once-in-a-lifetime opportunity". He shorted stocks just before the expiration of lockup periods ending six months after initial public offerings, correctly anticipating many dot-com company executives would sell shares as soon as possible, and that large-scale selling would force down share prices. Most dot-com companies incurred net operating losses as they spent heavily on advertising and promotions to harness network effects to build market share or mind share as fast as possible, using
6319-481: The possibility of selling to or hearing from those people at the same moment when they were reached, promised to overturn established business dogma in advertising, mail-order sales, customer relationship management , and many more areas. The web was a new killer app —it could bring together unrelated buyers and sellers in seamless and low-cost ways. Entrepreneurs around the world developed new business models, and ran to their nearest venture capitalist . While some of
6408-448: The same time, a decline in interest rates increased the availability of capital. The Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 , which lowered the top marginal capital gains tax in the United States , also made people more willing to make more speculative investments. Alan Greenspan , then- Chair of the Federal Reserve , allegedly fueled investments in the stock market by putting a positive spin on stock valuations. The Telecommunications Act of 1996
6497-545: The team's players. For example, Manchester United , the Toronto Maple Leafs , or New York Yankees all have a recognizable logo that can be identified by any fan of the respective sport. [REDACTED] The dictionary definition of logo at Wiktionary Dot-com bubble The dot-com bubble (or dot-com boom ) was a stock market bubble that ballooned during the late-1990s and peaked on Friday, March 10, 2000. This period of market growth coincided with
6586-412: The technology sector. In a 2015 book, venture capitalist Fred Wilson , who funded many dot-com companies and lost 90% of his net worth when the bubble burst, said about the dot-com bubble: A friend of mine has a great line. He says "Nothing important has ever been built without irrational exuberance ." Meaning that you need some of this mania to cause investors to open up their pocketbooks and finance
6675-460: The umbrella of a new company, Oath Inc., later called Verizon Media . The parts of the original Yahoo! Inc. which were not purchased by Verizon Communications were renamed Altaba , which was later liquidated, making a final distribution in October 2020. In September 2021, investment funds managed by Apollo Global Management acquired 90% of Yahoo. In November 2021, Yahoo announced that it
6764-596: The visual arts and lithographic process—such as French printing firm Rouchon in the 1840s, Joseph Morse of New York in the 1850s, Frederick Walker of England in the 1870s, and Jules Chéret of France in the 1870s—developed an illustrative style that went beyond tonal, representational art to figurative imagery with sections of bright, flat colors. Playful children's books, authoritative newspapers, and conversational periodicals developed their own visual and editorial styles for unique, expanding audiences. As printing costs decreased, literacy rates increased, and visual styles changed,
6853-1018: The widespread adoption of the World Wide Web and the Internet , resulting in a dispensation of available venture capital and the rapid growth of valuations in new dot-com startups . Between 1995 and its peak in March 2000, investments in the NASDAQ composite stock market index rose by 800%, only to fall 78% from its peak by October 2002, giving up all its gains during the bubble. During the dot-com crash , many online shopping companies, notably Pets.com , Webvan , and Boo.com , as well as several communication companies, such as Worldcom , NorthPoint Communications , and Global Crossing , failed and shut down. Others, like Lastminute.com , MP3.com and PeopleSound remained through its sale and buyers acquisition. Larger companies like Amazon and Cisco Systems lost large portions of their market capitalization, with Cisco losing 80% of its stock value. Historically,
6942-515: Was announced Yahoo had acquired the San Francisco -headquartered social investing platform, Commonstock. In April 2024, it was announced Yahoo had acquired the AI -driven news aggregator app, Artifact . By December 2015, Mayer was criticized as performance declined. Mayer was ranked as the least likable CEO in tech. On February 2, 2016, Mayer announced layoffs amounting to 15% of the Yahoo workforce. On July 25, 2016, Verizon Communications announced
7031-543: Was appointed president and CEO of Yahoo, effective July 17, 2012. In June 2013, Yahoo acquired blogging site Tumblr for $ 1.1 billion in cash, with Tumblr's CEO and founder David Karp continuing to run the site. In July 2013, Yahoo announced plans to open an office in San Francisco. On August 2, 2013, Yahoo acquired Rockmelt ; its staff was retained, but all of its existing products were terminated. Data collated by comScore during July 2013 revealed that, during
7120-510: Was ending operations in mainland China due to the increasingly challenging business and legal environment. Previously, the company discontinued China Yahoo Mail on August 20, 2013. In 2023, Yahoo announced that it would cut 20% of its workforce. The move followed mass layoffs from other tech giants including Google , Microsoft , Twitter, Inc , Meta , and Amazon . The company is set to lay off roughly 1,000 staff members of their 8,600 workers. Eleven chief executives and interim leaders have led
7209-406: Was established by Jerry Yang and David Filo in January 1994 and was one of the pioneers of the early Internet era in the 1990s. However, its use declined in the 2010s as some of its services were discontinued, and it lost market share to Facebook and Google . In January 1994, Jerry Yang and David Filo were electrical engineering graduate students at Stanford University , when they created
7298-602: Was expected to result in many new technologies from which many people wanted to profit. As a result of these factors, many investors were eager to invest, at any valuation, in any dot-com company , especially if it had one of the Internet-related prefixes or a " .com " suffix in its name. Venture capital was easy to raise. Investment banks , which profited significantly from initial public offerings (IPO), fueled speculation and encouraged investment in technology. A combination of rapidly increasing stock prices in
7387-545: Was fired by chairman Roy J. Bostock ; CFO Tim Morse was named as Interim CEO of the company. In April 2012, after the appointment of Scott Thompson as CEO, several key executives resigned, including chief product officer Blake Irving . On April 4, 2012, Yahoo announced 2,000 layoffs, or about 14% of its 14,100 workers by the end of year, expected to save around $ 375 million annually. In an email sent to employees in April 2012, Thompson reiterated his view that customers should come first at Yahoo. He also completely reorganized
7476-790: Was further eroded by several accounting scandals and the resulting bankruptcies, including the Enron scandal in October 2001, the WorldCom scandal in June 2002, and the Adelphia Communications Corporation scandal in July 2002. By the end of the stock market downturn of 2002 , stocks had lost $ 5 trillion in market capitalization since the peak. At its trough on October 9, 2002, the NASDAQ-100 had dropped to 1,114, down 78% from its peak. After venture capital
7565-442: Was no longer available, the operational mentality of executives and investors completely changed. A dot-com company's lifespan was measured by its burn rate , the rate at which it spent its existing capital. Many dot-com companies ran out of capital and went through liquidation . Supporting industries, such as advertising and shipping, scaled back their operations as demand for services fell. However, many companies were able to endure
7654-400: Was the largest to date and was questioned by many analysts. Then, on January 30, 2000, 12 ads of the 61 ads for Super Bowl XXXIV were purchased by dot-coms (sources state ranges from 12 up to 19 companies depending on the definition of dot-com company ). At that time, the cost for a 30-second commercial was between $ 1.9 million and $ 2.2 million. Meanwhile, Alan Greenspan , then Chair of
7743-403: Was the most popular starting point for web users, and the human-edited Yahoo Directory the most popular search engine, receiving 95 million page views per day, triple that of rival Excite. It also made many high-profile acquisitions. Yahoo began offering free e-mail from October 1997 after the acquisition of RocketMail , which was then renamed to Yahoo Mail. In 1998, Yahoo replaced AltaVista as
7832-439: Was virtually no impact or disruption due to adequate preparation. Spending on marketing also reached new heights for the sector: Two dot-com companies purchased ad spots for Super Bowl XXXIII , and 17 dot-com companies bought ad spots the following year for Super Bowl XXXIV . On January 10, 2000, America Online , led by Steve Case and Ted Leonsis , announced a merger with Time Warner , led by Gerald M. Levin . The merger
7921-564: Was written in Spencerian Script , which was a popular writing style when the Coca-Cola Logo was being designed. Since a logo is the visual entity signifying an organization, logo design is an important area of graphic design . A logo is the central element of a complex identification system that must be functionally extended to all communications of an organization. Therefore, the design of logos and their incorporation in
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