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33-644: The Yale-China Association was first incorporated as the Yale Foreign Missionary Society , and was known informally as Yale-in-China as early as 1913. It was nondenominational from its beginnings and by the 1920s had ceased to be an overtly missionary enterprise. It was re-incorporated in 1934 as a secular organization, the Yale-in-China Association, and in 1975 as the Yale–China Association. A reflection of

66-689: A Bachelor in Changsha before the war, worked both formally and informally to develop new programs and maintain ties with old friends. During those years, Yale-in-China devoted its resources to financing the education of Chinese students in the U.S. while looking in Asia for new projects to support. Attention soon focused on a refugee college in the British colony of Hong Kong which had been founded by Ch'ien Mu (1895–1990) and other Chinese intellectuals determined to preserve traditional Chinese learning and values in

99-527: A drama collaboration between New Haven's Long Wharf Theater and the Shanghai People's Art Theater which resulted in a Chinese-language stage production of Amy Tan 's Joy Luck Club in 1994. Other areas of expansion have included the fields of American Studies, legal education, public health, nursing, and service in the non-profit sector for China and American students. Student Volunteer Movement Too Many Requests If you report this error to

132-614: A little less than three months after being forced to move out of Sushulou. Many of Ch'ien's supporters condemned the practice Chen and Chou of using Ch'ien for scoring political points against the Kuomintang . Both Chen and Chou have since apologized for the damages of their accusations towards Ch'ien, and Sushulou is now the location of the Ch'ien Mu Memorial . Ch'ien wrote extensively on Chinese classics, history and Confucian thought. Unlike many 20th-century Chinese intellectuals influenced by

165-465: A member college of The Chinese University of Hong Kong and moved to Ma Liu Shui . Publicly, he reasons that he wanted to devote more time to his scholarship, but in private revealed that he felt that the college had lost its freedom and might eventually disappear. He then founded New Asia Middle School as a non-profit-making Chinese secondary school at the former campus of the college. Ch'ien later received honorary doctorates from Yale University and

198-671: A member of this Institute in the first election in 1948. He was given land in Waishuangxi in the Shilin District to build his home Sushulou ( 素書樓 ) while continuing as a freelance academic researching and giving lectures at universities in Taiwan. Ch'ien retired from teaching in 1984. After becoming one of the three constituent colleges of the Chinese University of Hong Kong , in 1978 New Asia College inaugurated

231-631: A primary school teacher in his hometown. In 1930, he was hired as a lecturer in Yenching University following a recommendation and invitation by famous historian Gu Jiegang . Ch'ien continued teaching at several other universities, including Tsinghua University and Peking University , until 1937 when Peking (now Beijing) was occupied by the Japanese army . In 1949, amid the victory of the Chinese Communist Party in

264-525: A university in Hong Kong that would use Chinese as the language of instruction was explored. In 1959, the Council of British Universities selected New Asia, United and Chung Chi colleges to federate and form the new Chinese University of Hong Kong , which was formally inaugurated in 1963 on its Shatin campus. Preston Schoyer played a key role in negotiating New Asia's entrance. Yale-in-China contributed to

297-604: The Chinese Civil War , Ch'ien moved to British Hong Kong at Chang Ch'i-yun 's suggestion. With help from the Yale-China Association , along with Tang Chun-i , Tchang Pi-kai and other scholars, Ch'ien co-founded New Asia College . He served as the president of New Asia College from 1949 to 1965. This college has graduated many great scholars and outstanding members of various communities. Ch'ien resigned from presidency after New Asia College became

330-600: The Hsiang-Ya Medical College , Nursing School and Hospital. Over the years, Hsiang-Ya (a compound of hsiang, denoting Hunan, and ya, denoting Yale-China; transliterated today as Xiangya) developed a reputation for providing the most advanced training in Western medicine in all of central and southern China. More than at other foreign-affiliated institutions, an effort was made early on to bring as many Chinese faculty and administrators on board as possible. By

363-480: The New Culture Movement of the 1910s who were fundamentally skeptical of traditional Chinese thought and Confucianism, he insisted on the importance of traditional values of Chinese culture. By the time of his death in 1990, his objections to the rejection of tradition of Confucianism had gained wider credence, partly through the influence of his student at New Asia College, Yu Ying-shih . Ch'ien Mu

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396-656: The University of Hong Kong . He taught at the University of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur before returning to Hong Kong. Ch'ien relocated to Taiwan in October 1967 after accepting an invitation from President Chiang Kai-shek , in response to the 1967 Hong Kong riots . In 1968, he was selected as a member of the Academia Sinica , which remedied a little his lifelong regret for not being able to be elected as

429-598: The Wuyue Kingdom (907–978) during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period . Ch'ien's biographer Jerry Dennerlien described his childhood world as the "small peasant cosmos" of rituals, festivals, and beliefs held the family system together. He received little formal education, but gained his knowledge on Chinese history and culture through traditional family school education and continuous self-study. At eighteen years old, Ch'ien began his teaching career as

462-479: The Ch'ien Mu Lectures in his honor. On 1 June 1990, two Democratic Progressive Party politicians, Chen Shui-bian and Chou Po-lun , accused Ch'ien of occupying public land as the nature of gifting the land for Sushulou by Chiang Kai-shek to a private citizen was deemed to be illegal. Ch'ien and his wife moved out of Sushulou and relocated to a high-rise apartment in downtown Taipei City. Ch'ien died on 30 August 1990,

495-593: The Ford Foundation and other U.S. foundations to support the development of the college, and also provided fellowships for New Asia faculty to pursue further study in the United States. In 1956, Yale-in-China resumed the practice of sending Bachelors, two recent Yale graduates, to teach English, though now to New Asia College instead of the Yali School. In the late 1950s, the possibility of founding

528-566: The Qing Dynasty" (錢穆論清學史述評) for being unable to view 19th century currents of thoughts with contemporary (20th century) perspectives. It could be argued, however, the opposition is based upon the critics' support of the New Culture Movement's legacies, which Ch'ien explicitly rejected. Another recurring theme from Ch'ien's critics, from the 1930s onwards, concerns his defense of traditional Chinese political system, headed by

561-506: The Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.226 via cp1108 cp1108, Varnish XID 213079645 Upstream caches: cp1108 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 07:47:05 GMT Ch%27ien Mu Ch'ien Mu or Qian Mu ( Chinese : 錢穆 ; 30 July 1895 – 30 August 1990) was a Chinese historian, philosopher and writer. He is considered to be one of

594-645: The Yale Mission early on assumed more of an educational than evangelical function. With the arrival of Dr. Edward H. Hume in 1905, medical education and care became a major focus of the endeavor. The educational compound that began with Dr. Hume's medical clinic eventually grew to comprise a preparatory school, the Yali School ; the College of Yale-in-China (later moved to Wuhan, where it joined two other missionary colleges to form Huachung University ); and

627-709: The Yale-in-China institutions, especially the Hsiang-Ya Hospital, which cared for war casualties and refugees. For example, the life of paralyzed Frank Wattendorf was spared at the hospital before he was evacuated. Many of the Changsha facilities were damaged by invading Japanese troops. Nevertheless, these challenges served to inspire renewed commitment on the part of both American and Chinese faculty and administrators. The Yale-in-China staff who returned to Changsha in September 1945 determined to rebuild

660-575: The campus and resume their pre-war operations. Within four years, however, a Communist insurgency toppled the Nationalist government and Yale-in-China's future seemed uncertain in the face of growing hostility between the United States and China. By 1951, the new Communist government had taken possession of Yale-in-China's Changsha properties and renamed the Yali School as "Liberation Middle School." Dr. Dwight Rugh, Yale-in-China's last representative in Changsha, spent most of 1950 under house arrest as

693-457: The face of the Communist victory on the mainland. In early 1954, after a visit to the colony and months of negotiations, Yale-in-China's trustees formally affiliated the organization with New Asia College . Unlike in Changsha, Yale-in-China's relationship with New Asia College was, by intention, one of support and assistance rather than direct administration. Yale-in-China secured funding from

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726-583: The greatest historians and philosophers of 20th-century China. Ch'ien, together with Lü Simian , Chen Yinke and Chen Yuan , was known as the "Four Greatest Historians of Modern China" ( 現代四大史學家 ). Ch'ien Mu was born in Qifang Qiao Village ( 七房橋 , lit.   ' Seven Mansions Bridge Village ' ) in Wuxi , Jiangsu Province . He was from the prestigious Qian (Ch'ien) family in Wuxi , with his ancestor said to be Qian Liu (852–932), founder of

759-475: The joint administration of the former Yale-in-China institutions, the emphasis was placed on shorter-term academic exchanges in the fields of medicine and American Studies and a resumption of the English language instruction program. Throughout the 1980s, Yale-China's medical program brought almost 50 Chinese medical personnel to the U.S. and sent over 40 Americans to China for exchanges of medical knowledge. During

792-408: The late 1920s, all major leadership positions were held by Chinese, and Yale-in-China was very much a joint Sino-American enterprise. Between 1919 and 1920, future Chairman Mao Zedong had several encounters with the school: he edited its student magazine, re-focusing it on "thought reorientation," and operated a bookshop out of its medical college. The war years (1937–45) placed enormous strains on

825-633: The memory of a Yale graduate from the class of 1892, Horace Tracy Pitkin , who had worked in China as a missionary and was killed in 1900 during the Boxer Uprising . The city of Changsha in Hunan Province was chosen as the base of operations in China after consultation with other foreign missionaries. At the urging of the home office in New Haven as well as other missionaries in China,

858-678: The new campus by securing funds to construct buildings, including the university health clinic, the Yali Guest House, Friendship Lodge and a student dormitory at New Asia College. Yale-in-China also contributed to the early internationalization of the campus by helping to establish the New Asia - Yale-in-China Chinese Language Centre and the International Asian Studies Programme , which now enroll hundreds of international students every year. Meanwhile,

891-532: The only American on campus, and was eventually expelled from China in May 1951. With his departure, the ties between Yale-in-China in New Haven and the institutions in Changsha and Wuhan were broken for nearly 30 years. Between 1951 and 1954, hostility against the United States on the mainland and turmoil on Nationalist-held Taiwan led to a suspension of Yale-in-China's work within China. Preston Schoyer , who had been

924-469: The relationship with New Asia College, where the Yale–China Association (as the organization was renamed in 1975) has maintained a representative office for fifty years, remains a strong one. By the 1970s, both New Asia College and the Chinese University of Hong Kong had achieved a level of institutional maturity and financial stability that decreased the need for Yale-China's contributions. At

957-565: The religious fervor sweeping American college campuses at the end of the 19th century, which took form in the Student Volunteer Movement , Yale-China was founded in 1901 as the Yale Foreign Missionary Society by a group of Yale graduates and faculty members committed to establishing a Christian missionary presence overseas. The founders chose China as the focus of their work, in part to honor

990-604: The same time, the normalization of diplomatic relations between the U.S. and China presented the possibility of resumed activity on the mainland. In the fall of 1979, Yale-China staff traveled to Changsha to explore opportunities for academic exchange with administrators and faculty at Hunan Medical College, the successor to Hsiang-Ya, and several exchange agreements were concluded that led to the arrival of Yale-China English teachers in September 1980 and exchanges of medical personnel between Yale University and Hunan Medical College. Two English instructors were also sent to Wuhan University

1023-489: The same year and later to Huazhong Normal University. Despite the geographical continuities, however, the intervening years had brought substantial changes to Chinese higher education and within Yale-China itself. Political sensitivities in China and Yale-China's own evolution determined that any new activity in China would be of a nature substantially different from that of the pre-1949 years. Rather than seeking to resume

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1056-639: The same years, nearly 100 Yale graduates participated in Yale-China's English teaching program in China. Yale-China also continued to send English teachers to the Chinese University of Hong Kong and maintained its involvement with the university's International Asian Studies Program. The decade of the 1990s brought an expansion of Yale-China's activities into new program areas and affiliations with institutions outside of Yale-China's historical bases in Hong Kong, Changsha and Wuhan. While maintaining its English teaching program, Yale-China initiated projects in environmental protection and pediatric cardiology and facilitated

1089-992: Was an extremely industrious and prolific scholar who had about 76 works published during his life, which exceeded 17 000 000 words in total. After his death, his complete works were collected and edited into 54 volumes, published in 1994 by Linking Publishing Company in Taipei. In 2011, a revised edition of his complete works was published in Beijing by Jiuzhou Publishing Company in traditional Chinese characters. Representative works: Critics of Ch'ien's ideas, such as Li Ao , tend to focus on his superficial knowledge of non-Chinese currents of thoughts when he wrote his treatises on cultural studies , and his lack of objective, scientific method -based, defense of traditional Chinese culture. Wong Young-tsu  [ zh ] condemns Ch'ien's own bias as "19th century traditionalist" in his "A Comment on Ch'ien Mu's Treatise on Chinese Scholarships During

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