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89-417: Eastward spread of Western learning Hong Kong (pro-democracy) Hong Kong (centrist) Hong Kong (pro-ROC) Hong Kong (localist) Macau Republic of China (Taiwan) (groups of pro-Chinese identity) Hong Kong (pro-democracy) Hong Kong (pro-ROC) Hong Kong (localist) Republic of China (Taiwan) (groups of pro-Chinese identity) Current Former The New Culture Movement

178-627: A Chinese philosopher, the Chancellor of Beijing University , and he was also a friend of Chen Duxiu. Cai Yuanpei was involved in the New Culture Movement, as well as other similar movements such as the May Fourth Movement . New Culture leaders and their followers now saw China as a nation among nations, not as culturally unique. A large number of foreign doctrines became fashionable, particularly those that reinforced

267-711: A Madman " directly implied that China's traditional culture was mentally cannibalistic, and The True Story of Ah Q showed typical Chinese people as weak and self-deceiving. Along with this musicians such as Yin Zizhong joined the movement through music. Chen Duxiu founded the New Youth journal, which was a leading forum for debating the causes of China's weakness, as it laid the blame on Confucian culture. Chen Duxiu called for "Mr. Confucius" to be replaced by "Mr. Science" ( 賽先生 ; 赛先生 ; sài xiānsheng ) and "Mr. Democracy" ( 德先生 ; dé xiānsheng ). These two were regarded as

356-551: A New Education Society, and university students joined the Mass Education Movement of James Yen and Tao Xingzhi which promoted literacy as a foundation for wider political participation. Many of the leaders of the Kuomintang, such as Liao Zhongkai , Hu Hanmin and Dai Jitao as well as Communist members of the Kuomintang such as Li Dazhao , participated in the New Culture Movement. These figures played

445-528: A department to a school. Yang Fuqing, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, served as the honorary president. In 2022, Peking University and Lancet established a commission on healthy aging in China . The Commission's purpose is to re-focus the debate on aging not just on the risks of China's aging population but on opportunities by "unleashing the intellectual and vocational capacities of

534-516: A huge uproar in the media across the country. This connected the academic discourse within the university with the political activism of the May Fourth demonstrations. The May Fourth Demonstrations of 1919 initially united the leaders but soon, there was a debate and falling out over the role of politics. Hu Shih, Cai Yuanpei, and other liberals urged the demonstrating students to return to the classroom, but Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao, frustrated with

623-407: A living literature." In theory, the new format allowed people with little education to read texts, articles and books. He charged that Literary Chinese was understood by only scholars and officials (ironically, the new vernacular included many foreign words and Japanese neologisms ( Wasei-kango ), which made it difficult for many to read). Scholars, such as Y.R. Chao ( Zhao Yuanren ), began the study of

712-408: A major component of the New Culture Movement. Democracy became a vital tool for those frustrated with the unstable condition of China whereas science became a crucial instrument to discard the "darkness of ignorance and superstition". New Culture intellectuals advocated and debated a wide range of cosmopolitan solutions that included science, technology, individualism , music and democracy, leaving to

801-423: A major role in the restructuring of the Kuomintang along Soviet lines in 1922–1924. Chinese newspaper journalism was modernized in the 1920s according to international standards, thanks to the influence of the New Culture Movement. The roles of journalist and editor were professionalized and became prestigious careers. The business side gained importance and with a greater emphasis on advertising and commercial news,

890-554: A new culture, as the death of Yuan Shikai in June 1916 had opened the possibility of fundamental reform in the Chinese political sphere anew. The literary output of this time was substantial, with many writers who later became famous (such as Mao Dun , Lao She , Lu Xun and Bing Xin ) publishing their first works. For example, Lu Xun's essays and short fiction created a sensation with their condemnation of Confucian culture. " Diary of

979-707: A partnership with the Freie Universität Berlin since 1981 and the Higher School of Economics since 2015, and in 2019, became a partner of Washington University in St. Louis through the McDonnell International Scholars Academy . On the 121st founding anniversary, Peking University unveiled the "Global Excellence Strategy", an international blueprint aiming to enhance Peking University's global presence during

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1068-400: A revolt against Confucianism . The movement was launched by the writers of New Youth magazine, where these intellectuals promoted a new society based on unconstrained individuals rather than the traditional Confucian system. In 1917, Mr. Hu Shih put forward the famous “Eight Principle”, that is, abandon the ancient traditional writing method and use vernacular. The New Culture Movement was

1157-807: Is a satellite campus of Peking University located in Shenzhen , Guangdong. It was founded in September, 2001 in collaboration with the Shenzhen Municipal Government and is located in University Town of Shenzhen along with satellite campuses of Tsinghua University and Harbin Institute of Technology. Dr. Wen Hai, a renowned economist in China and the vice-president of Peking University is the present chancellor of PKU Shenzhen. The school houses seven research departments as well as

1246-409: Is also the premise for the formation of modern state order. Hu was among the influential New Culture Movement reformers who welcomed Margaret Sanger 's 1922 visit to China. He personally translated her speech delivered at Beijing National University which stressed the importance of birth control. Periodicals The Ladies' Journal and The Women's Review published Hu's translation, which contributed to

1335-686: Is on Xueyuan Road where the country's most distinguished colleges are, and is a fitting site for academics and research. During the Third Front construction, Peking University opened a branch in Hanzhong , Shaanxi. In 2001, Peking University's Shenzhen campus, the Shenzhen Graduate School , opened its doors. The campus is located in the northwest part of Shenzhen City. Peking University consists of 30 schools and 12 departments, with 125 majors for undergraduates, 2 majors for

1424-975: Is part of Project 211 , Project 985 , and the Double First-Class Construction . It is also a member in the C9 League . Established as the Imperial University of Peking in 1898 by a royal charter from the Guangxu Emperor , it is the second oldest university in China after Tianjin University (established in 1895). In May 1912, the government of the Republic of China ordered the Imperial University of Peking to be renamed Peking University. Peking University merged with Yenching University after

1513-649: The Arthur M. Sackler Museum of Art and Archaeology. Notable items in these museums include funerary objects that were excavated in Beijing and date back thousands of years from the graves of royals of the Warring States period . There are ritual pottery vessels as well as elaborate pieces of jewelry on display. There are also human bones set up in the traditional burial style of that period. Beyond its main campus, Peking University Health Science Center (PKUHSC)

1602-580: The Beijing International MBA at Peking University (BiMBA), which is ranked among the top six MBA programs by Quacquarelli Symonds in its TopMBA ranking of the best MBA programs in Asia Pacific for the year 2014–2015. BiMBA has also been ranked as the second most valuable full-time MBA in China by Forbes (after CEIBS ) and among Asia's best business schools by Bloomberg Business . Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School

1691-611: The Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19 members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and 25 members of the World Academy of Sciences . Following China's defeat in the Sino-Japanese War , intellectuals - including Kang Youwei , Liang Qichao , and Yan Fu - called for reforms to the country's education system. In June 1896, Minister Li Duanfen proposed to create a university in the capital. On 11 June 1898,

1780-462: The Guangxu Emperor , as part of the Hundred Days' Reform , authorised the creation of the Imperial University of Peking ( Chinese : 京師大學堂 ; pinyin : Jīngshī Dàxuétáng ; lit. 'Capital Grand Study Hall'). The Imperial University was formally established on 3 July 1898 when the emperor approved the royal charter written by Liang. Minister Sun Jianai was charged with

1869-1238: The Medal of the Republic , Zhong Nanshan , and chief economist of the World Bank, Justin Yifu Lin . Notable alumni in the humanities and arts include author Lu Xun , philosopher and essayist Hu Shih , polymath Lin Yutang , philosopher Liang Shuming , Qing-dynasty educator Gu Hongming , anthropologist Fei Xiaotong , translator Li Bulou , computer scientist Wang Xuan , and author Jin Yong . Notable international alumni include emeritus professor and linguist Michael Halliday , author Julia Ebner , and philosopher Professor Li Chenyang . Notable alumni in business include co-founder and CEO of Baidu , billionaire Robin Li , and cryptocurrency entrepreneur Justin Sun . Other notable alumni include chess grandmaster , four-time Women's World Chess Champion, and Rhodes Scholar Hou Yifan . Peking University has benefited from

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1958-616: The Peking University HSBC Business School and Peking University School of Transnational Law . On August 29, 2016, Peking University signed a strategic agreement with the Shenzhen Municipal Government to further develop its Shenzhen Graduate School, the university plans build a brand new campus near the existed graduate school and open undergraduate programs. Every year, there are approximately 7,000 international students studying at Peking University. Peking University offers dual degree programs at

2047-506: The People's Republic of China in 1949. Mao Zedong wrote that the May 4th Movement "marked a new stage in China's bourgeois-democratic revolution against imperialism and feudalism" and argued that "a powerful camp made its appearance in the bourgeois-democratic revolution, a camp consisting of the working class, the student masses and the new national bourgeoisie." Historians in the west also saw

2136-527: The Qing dynasty military after it collapsed in 1911, attempted to establish order and unity, but he failed to protect China against Japan, and also failed in an attempt to have himself declared emperor. When he died in 1916, the collapse of the traditional order seemed complete, and there was an intensified search for a replacement to go deeper than the changes of the previous generations, which brought new institutions and new political forms. Daring leaders called for

2225-552: The United Front Work Department , Shi Taifeng , former Governor of the Central Bank of China, Yi Gang , former Interpol -president, Meng Hongwei , and former minister of commerce and Communist Party Secretary of Chongqing , Bo Xilai . Notable alumni in the sciences include Nobel laureate Tu Youyou , who for her work in discovering artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin used to treat malaria ,

2314-628: The University of Tokyo . PKU also has a longstanding relationship with Stanford University which operates a joint research center and base for Stanford students and scholars at the Stanford Center at Peking University, located in the Lee Jung Sen Building. The Peking University HSBC Business School has joint degree programs with University of Hong Kong and Chinese University of Hong Kong . The university has maintained

2403-541: The bachelor's , master's , and doctoral levels with the renowned Waseda University (早稲田大学) in Northeast Asia . It is one of the most engaged partners with Waseda, having established a strong cooperative relationship of the highest level. This partnership began with an academic agreement in 1982, enhancing dual degree programs and joint research initiatives since 2003. Under the PKU-Waseda project, each year,

2492-616: The " Fourth Industrial Revolution ". The "Global Excellence Strategy" aims to strengthen international cooperation, overcome development barriers, gather global resources, and stimulate collegial relationships. The Global Excellence Strategy is based upon the English word "CLOUDS", representing the "cloud era" of the "Fourth Industrial Revolution". Each letter stands for a corresponding word, namely creativity, leadership , openness , uniqueness , diversity and shaping. Peking University has participated in many joint art-research projects, such as

2581-446: The "Double First-class" construction alliance in mathematics. On April 2, 2021, Peking University Nanchang Innovation Research Institute was inaugurated. On July 15, 2021, Peking University School of Integrated Circuits was inaugurated. On September 6, 2021, the new Changping campus of Peking University was officially opened, welcoming the first batch of teachers and students. On September 30, Peking University Lanyuan Centre

2670-524: The 1840s forced China to open up to the world, which led to the second wave of the eastward spread of Western learning. The failures of two Opium Wars stimulated the Chinese government to absorb Western learning. During the process, the Chinese gradually reduced their resistance the Western learning and gradually adopted the Western learning, with the principle of " Chinese Learning as Substance, Western Learning for Application ." Under this principle, more focus

2759-417: The 1920s was replaced by a "new age of nationalism". Like a "wild horse", Xu continued, "jingoism, once unbridled, could no longer be restrained, thus laying the foundations for the eventual outcomes of the history of China during the first half of the twentieth century." Eastward spread of Western learning The term " Western learning " ( simplified Chinese : 西学 ; traditional Chinese : 西學 )

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2848-899: The Center for the Art of East Asia (CAEA) with the University of Chicago , and Department of Digital Art and Design with UNESCO . Notable alumni include the current chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and the third-ranking member of the CCP Politburo Standing Committee Zhao Leji . Other alumni in politics include former premier of China Li Keqiang , former vice premier of China Hu Chunhua , current minister of Education, Chen Baosheng ; current minister of Natural resources, Wang Guanghua ; current Head of

2937-534: The China and Asia-Pacific Studies major at Cornell, which requires students to spend a semester studying at Peking University while working at internships. In 2006, PKU launched a joint undergraduate program with Yale University in which students will spend a semester overseas, living and studying together with the host institute's students. PKU's School of International Studies also launched joint degree programs with London School of Economics , Paris School of International Affairs , Seoul National University , and

3026-424: The Chinese translation of Yung Wing 's autobiography My Life in China and America , which used the term in its Chinese title, further popularized the use of the term. Since the 1980s, the term has frequently appeared in various scholarly articles to describe the spread of Western technologies and ideologies in China. Before the industrial revolution , China had been the most powerful and prosperous country in

3115-677: The New Culture Movement clustered in Peking University, where they joined Cai Yuanpei , who served as chancellor. These founders include Chen Duxiu who served as the Dean of the School of Arts and Letters in addition to being founder of the New Youth, Li Dazhao as librarian, Hu Shih who was a leading figure in the literary revolution, the philosopher Liang Shuming , and the historian Gu Jiegang , among others. Hu Shih had argued for

3204-404: The New Culture Movement, there were many other influential leaders, including anarchists, conservatives, Christians , and liberals. The re-evaluation, while it does not challenge the high evaluation of the thinkers and writers of the period, does not accept their self-image as cultural revolutionaries. Other historians further argue that Mao's communist revolution did not, as it claimed, fulfill

3293-614: The Peking-Waseda partnership, is rare on a global scale. The dormitories for international students at the main campus are located at Shaoyuan Garden (勺园) and Zhongguanyuan Global Village (中关新园). Its international students are made up of students from most countries in the world including most of Western Europe, North America, and South America, Asia, Australia and many countries in Africa. In 2005, Peking University and Cornell University signed an agreement formally establishing

3382-536: The Structure of Heaven and Earth] by Matteo Ricci was the first book that introduced Western learning to China. The mission was widely regarded the first wave of the eastward spread of Western learning. With the popularization of Christianity in China, the increasing Western knowledge in China contributed to the rise of Shixue ( simplified Chinese : 实学 ; traditional Chinese : 實學 ), which focused more on practice and evidence. The scholars of Shixue reshaped

3471-467: The Youth Magazine (青年雜誌 Qingnian zazhi), which was later retitled as New Youth (新青年 Xin qingnian), thus marking the beginning of what would become the New Culture Movement. In its initial stages, New Youth was only a small operation, but it would soon become much more influential than The Tiger had ever been. Some of the articles published in the New Youth that were most influential in instigating

3560-639: The country's largest institution of higher learning, with 14 departments and an enrollment of more than 2,000 students. President Cai, inspired by the German model of academic freedom, introduced faculty governance and democratic management to the university. Cai recruited an intellectually diverse faculty that included some of the most prominent figures in the progressive New Culture Movement , including Hu Shih , Liu Bannong , Ma Yinchu , Li Dazhao , Chen Duxiu , Lu Xun and Liang Shuming . Meanwhile, leading conservatives Gu Hongming and Huang Kan also taught at

3649-492: The creative potential of Confucius. Xu Jilin , a Shanghai intellectual who reflects liberal voices, agreed in effect with the orthodox view that the New Culture Movement was the root of the Chinese Revolution but valued the outcome differently. New Culture intellectuals, said Xu, saw a conflict between nationalism and cosmopolitanism in their struggle to find a "rational patriotism", but the cosmopolitan movement of

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3738-525: The cultural criticism and nation-building impulses of the movement. Social Darwinism , which had been influential since the late nineteenth century, was especially shaping for Lu Xun, among many others, and was supplemented by almost every "ism" of the world. Cai Yuanpei, Li Shizeng , and Wu Zhihui developed a Chinese variety of anarchism . They argued that Chinese society had to undergo radical social change before political change would be meaningful. The pragmatism of John Dewey became popular, often through

3827-410: The fundamental spirit of politics”, and the writers of this magazine grappled with the question of how underlying cultural values and beliefs shape politics, which would become important during the New Culture Movement. In 1915, Twenty-One Demands were issued, and six months later, it became evident that Yuan Shikai had the intention to restore the imperial system. In the same year, Chen Duxiu founded

3916-506: The future the question of what organization or political power could carry them out. The anti-imperialist and populist violence of the mid-1920s soon overwhelmed New Culture intellectual inquiry and culture. Orthodox historians viewed the New Culture Movement as a revolutionary break with feudal thought and social practice and the seedbed of revolutionary leaders who created the Chinese Communist Party and went on to found

4005-441: The implementation. IUP served as the country's foremost institute for higher learning, but also as its highest educational authority. William Alexander Parsons Martin was appointed as the first president. Most of the reforms were abolished when the conservative Empress Dowager Cixi seized power on 21 September. The university survived with altered objectives and reduced scope. It opened on 31 December with 160 students, instead of

4094-550: The inadequacy of cultural change, urged more radical political action. They used their roles as Peking University faculty to organize Marxist study groups and the first meeting of the Chinese Communist Party . Li called for "fundamental solutions", but Hu criticized it as abstract, calling for "more study of questions, less study of isms." The younger followers who followed Li and Chen into organized politics included Mao Zedong . Other students heeded Hu Shih's call to return to their studies. The new approaches shaped scholarship for

4183-470: The late Qing period, Chinese researchers began to review and detailedly describe the process during which the Western knowledge was brought into China. In the 1900s, the term "eastward spread of Western learning" was coined in Shanghai -based newspaper Shun Pao , as a description of the emerging national awareness among the Chinese people as a result of prevailing Western influences in China. In 1915,

4272-694: The main papers in Shanghai such as Shenbao , moved away from the advocacy journalism that characterized the 1911 revolutionary period. Much of what they reported shaped narratives and realities amongst those who were interested in what was becoming the New Culture Movement. Outside the main centers the nationalism promoted in metropolitan dailies was not as distinctive as localism and culturalism. In 1924, Indian Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore held numerous lectures in China. He argued that China could encounter trouble by integrating too much progressive and foreign thoughts into Chinese society. Liberal ideals were

4361-454: The movement as marking a break between tradition and modernity, but in recent decades, Chinese and foreign historians now commonly argue that the changes promoted by New Culture leaders had roots going back several generations and thus were not a sharp break with tradition, which, in any case, was quite varied, as much as an acceleration of earlier trends. Research over the last fifty years also suggests that while radical Marxists were important in

4450-545: The movement include: "To Youth" ( 敬告青年 " jinggao qingnian "), "1916" (一九一六年 " yijiuyiliu nian "), and "Our Final Realization" (吾人最後之覺悟 " wuren zuihou zhi juewu "). In 1917, Chen Duxiu and Zhang Shizhao moved to Beijing University where they became acquainted with the other individuals who made up the community of the New Culture Movement. Two major centres of literature and intellectual activity were Beijing , home to Peking University and Tsinghua University , and Shanghai , with its flourishing publishing sector. The founders of

4539-490: The nationwide restructuring of schools and departments in 1952. In April 2000, the former Beijing Medical University merged into the Peking University. Peking University has six faculties, namely Humanities, Social Sciences, Economics and Management, Science, Information Technology and Engineering, as well as Health Science. It consists of 55 schools and departments, 60 research entities, and ten affiliated hospitals. By 2017, Peking University's staff include 76 academicians of

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4628-601: The next generation. The historian Gu Jiegang , for instance, pioneered the application of the New History he studied at Columbia University to classical Chinese texts in the Doubting Antiquity Movement. Gu also inspired his students in the study of Chinese folk traditions which had been ignored or dismissed by Confucian scholars. Education was high on the New Culture agenda. Cai Yuanpei headed

4717-702: The older population and the whole of Chinese society." In June 2022, the International University Sports Federation (FISU) released the first series of "Healthy Campus" list. Peking University, as the only Chinese university that has obtained platinum certification from the International University Sports Federation, participated in 4 projects and became the only representative from China among 130 projects worldwide. American architect and art historian Talbot Hamlin designed some of

4806-495: The planned 500. Following the Xinhai Revolution , the Imperial University of Peking was renamed "Government University of Peking" in 1912 and then "National University of Peking" in 1919 ( simplified Chinese : 国立北京大学 ; traditional Chinese : 國立北京大學 ; pinyin : Guólì Běijīng Dàxué ). The noted scholar Cai Yuanpei was appointed president on January 4, 1917, and helped transform Peking University into

4895-417: The political magazine The Tiger that, while being short-lived, running only between May of 1914 – October of 1915, was one of the most influential political journals in China of the time. Chen Duxiu , as well as other intellectuals who would later become a part of the New Culture Movement in China such as Li Dazhao contributed articles, poetry, letters, and more to The Tiger. The Tiger was known for “probing

4984-541: The progenitor of the May Fourth Movement . On 4 May 1919, students in Beijing aligned with the movement protested the transfer of German rights over Jiaozhou Bay to Imperial Japan rather than China at the Paris Peace Conference (the meeting setting the terms of peace at the conclusion of World War I ), transforming what had been a cultural movement into a political one. The movement promoted: In

5073-522: The promise of New Culture and enlightenment but rather betrayed its spirit of independent expression and cosmopolitanism. Yu Yingshi , a student of the New Confucian Qian Mu , recently defended Confucian thought against the New Culture condemnation. He reasoned that late imperial China had not been stagnant, irrational and isolated, conditions that would justify radical revolution, but that late Qing thinkers were already taking advantage of

5162-702: The protest on May 4, students, workers and merchants from nearly all China's major cities went on strike and boycotted Japanese goods in China. The Beiyang government eventually agreed to release the arrested students and fired the three officials under intense public pressure, China's representatives in Paris refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles. During the Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius campaign of 1973 to 1976, critique groups formed at Peking University and Tsinghua University disseminated commentaries under

5251-555: The pseudonym of "Liang Xiao." The pseudonym sounds like a person's name but is a homophone for "two schools." In October 2015, Peking University alumni Professor Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of artemisinin . Having saved millions of lives, artemisinin has made significant contributions to global health in regard to the fight against malaria . On February 20, 2017,

5340-400: The public debate regarding birth control. While serving as an editor for various newspapers and journals, Li Dazhao campaigned for a new culture and opposed the enshrinement of Confucianism in China's constitution, and implored Chinese people to defend the nascent republicanism. He wrote articles promoting Western civilization, constitutional rule, and endorsing democracy. Cai Yuanpei was

5429-570: The school education with the introduction of mathematics in addition to the traditional Four Books and Five Classics . However, this trend was halted when Kangxi Emperor of Qing decided to ban the religion due to the religion's lack of respect to Chinese rites in 1717. Subsequently, the Roman Catholic Church canceled the Jesuit mission to China in 1773. Eastward spread of Western learning The British invasion of China in

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5518-425: The second bachelor's degree , 282 programs for Master's degree candidates and 258 programs for doctoral candidates . In addition to basic research , the university also conducts applied research . At present, Peking University has 216 research institutions and research centres, including 2 national engineering research centers, 81 key national disciplines, and 12 national key laboratories. With 8 million holdings,

5607-568: The time. Since the late Qing dynasty, government-funded overseas Chinese students contributed to this movement, contributing to the criticism of traditional Chinese culture and the modernization of China, especially during the New Culture Movement . One of the result of the movement is the Sinicization of Western ideologies including Marxism . As a reflection on the century of humiliation that China had undergone, which

5696-578: The top universities in mainland China . In 2015, the Chinese University Alumni Association in partnership with China Education Center considered it first among all Chinese universities . The joint THE-QS World University Rankings 2005 & 2006 ranked Peking University 1st in the Asia & Oceania region and 14th in the world in 2006. In 2014, the U.S. News & World Report ranked Peking University 39th in

5785-447: The two symbols of the New Culture Movement and also its legacy. Another outcome was the promotion of written vernacular Chinese over Literary Chinese , the predominant written form of the language since antiquity. The restructuring of national heritage first began when Hu Shih replaced traditional Confucian learning with a more modern construction of research on traditional culture. Hu Shih proclaimed that "a dead language cannot produce

5874-919: The university library is the largest of its kind in Asia. Peking University, the Georgia Institute of Technology , and Emory University jointly administer the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering . Over the past century, some Peking University alumni have become presidents of other major Chinese universities, including former Tsinghua President Luo Jialun, Renmin University President Yuan Baohua, Zhejiang University President Qian Sanqiang, Fudan University President Zhang Zhirang, Nankai University President Teng Weizao, Chinese University of Science and Technology President Guan Weiyan and many others. Several rankings have placed Peking University among

5963-547: The university officially signed a contract with the British Open University to establish the Oxford Campus of Peking University HSBC Business School, Peking University Oxford Center and Shenzhen Oxford Innovation Center. On June 29, 2020, the Sino-Russian Mathematics Center was established. The Sino-Russian Mathematics Center is led by Peking University and Moscow State University , and jointly constructed by relevant domestic units and other Russian universities and research institutes such as St. Petersburg University , relying on

6052-614: The university selects undergraduates to spend their third year studying at Waseda University in Japan , and then they return to Peking University for their fourth year. Simultaneously, Waseda University sends numerous students to Peking University as exchange students. Upon graduation, students receive two bachelor's degrees, one from each university. Additionally, joint master's student training programs and dual doctoral degree programs with Waseda University are also in operation. The comprehensive collaboration of offering dual degrees at all bachelor's , master's , and doctoral levels, as seen in

6141-414: The university's buildings constructed during the 1919 to 1922 period. There are several gates that lead into campus — East, West and South gates, with the West Gate being the most well known for the painted murals on its ceiling. Weiming Lake is in the north of the campus and is surrounded by walking paths and small gardens. The university hosts many museums, such as the Museum of University History and

6230-473: The university. A firm supporter for freedom of thought, Cai advocated for educational independence and resigned several times protesting the government 's policy and interference. On May 1, 1919, some students of Peking University learned that the Treaty of Versailles would allow Japan to receive Germany's colonising rights in Shandong province. An assembly at Peking University that included these students and representatives from other universities in Beijing

6319-520: The use of the modern written vernacular Chinese ( 白话文 baihuawen) in literature before and especially in his essay published by New Youth in January 1917 titled Preliminary Discussion on Literary Reform ( 文學改良芻議 wenxue gailiang chuyi) with the guideline: "Do not imitate the ancients." On April 18, 1918, he published the followed landmark article Constructive Literary Revolution – A Literature of National Speech (建设的文学革命论 jianshe de wenxue geming lun). The first vernacular Chinese fiction

6408-762: The various Varieties of Chinese using tools of foreign linguistics . Hu Shih was among the scholars who used the textual study of Dream of the Red Chamber and other vernacular fiction as the basis for the national language. Literary societies such as the Crescent Moon Society flourished. Hu Shih was not only one of the founders of the movement but also considered the leader of the vernacular faction with his promotion of scientific methods. The "national language" has another social and political function: it facilitates intellectuals to enlighten, spread new ideas, and create new cultures. In Hu Shi's view, this

6497-459: The view of the New Culture Movement, Confucian morality repressed the universal and natural experience of sexuality. They believed that sexuality was best considered in scientific terms. Following the failure of the 1911 revolution , Yuan Shikai ’s ending of the second revolution of the summer of 1913 forced many intellectuals into exile, some fleeing to Tokyo, while others sought refuge in Shanghai. In Tokyo in May of 1914, Zhang Shizhao founded

6586-469: The work of Hu Shih , Chiang Monlin , and Tao Xingzhi . Dewey arrived in China in 1919, and spent the following year lecturing. Bertrand Russell also lectured widely to warm crowds. Lu Xun was associated with the ideas of Nietzsche , which were also propagated by Li Shicen , Mao Dun, and many other intellectuals of the time. [REDACTED] China portal When Cai Yuanpei, the principal of Beijing university, resigned on May 9, 1919, it had caused

6675-553: The world based on their publications for the time period 2015–2018. For the high quality of research in natural science and health science, Peking University ranked 6th among the leading institutions, and 4th among the leading universities globally in the Nature Index 2024 Research Leaders by Nature Research . In 2023, it ranked 8th among the universities around the world by SCImago Institutions Rankings . In November 2024, Clarivate Analytics ranked Peking University 12th in

6764-538: The world for most Highly Cited Researchers . On October 24, 2018, Peking University Library, the largest library among Asian universities, held the opening ceremony of the 120th anniversary at the Yingjie Overseas Exchange Center. The National School of Development (formerly China Center for Economic Research) is ranked amongst the top five most influential think tanks in China. In 1998, Justin Yifu Lin et al. jointly founded

6853-595: The world respectively. Peking University was also ranked 15th in the world and 1st in the Asia-Pacific in The Three University Missions Ranking . The Academic Ranking of World Universities , also known as the "Shanghai Ranking", placed Peking University 24th in the world and 2nd in the Asia-Pacific & China. The U.S. News & World Report ranked Peking University 31st in the world, 4th in Asia and 2nd in China. Peking

6942-528: The world's top 20 universities for academic reputation where, it ranked 16 globally, and top 10 in the world and first in the Asia-Pacific for employer reputation. Since 2017, Peking has been placed among the world's top 20 most reputable universities by the Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings , where it ranked 11 globally in 2023. The 2020 CWTS Leiden Ranking ranked Peking University at 8th in

7031-568: The world, 2nd in the Asia-Pacific and 1st in China. Peking had topped the newly launched Times Higher Education BRICS & Emerging Economies since its inception in 2014. The 2023 QS Rankings ranked Peking University 12th in the world and first in Asia. As of 2024, the Times Higher Education World University Rankings ranked Peking University 13th in the world, with its teaching and research environment indicators placed at 9th and 7th in

7120-581: The world. However, the direct contact of Chinese and Western civilizations did not occur until the arrival of Jesuit missionaries in China in 1600. While bringing back Chinese philosophies, especially Confucianism , to the Enlightenment Europe, these missionaries were the pioneers of spreading Western civilization to China. According to the Chinese encyclopedia Complete Library of the Four Treasuries , Qiankun Tiyi [Explication of

7209-672: Was a progressive sociopolitical movement in China during the 1910s and 1920s. Participants criticized many aspects of traditional Chinese society, in favor of new formulations of Chinese culture informed by modern ideals of mass political participation. Arising out of disillusionment with traditional Chinese culture following the failure of the Republic of China to address China's problems, it featured scholars such as Chen Duxiu , Cai Yuanpei , Chen Hengzhe , Li Dazhao , Lu Xun , Zhou Zuoren , He Dong , Qian Xuantong , Liu Bannong , Bing Xin , and Hu Shih , many classically educated, who led

7298-533: Was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with William C. Campbell and Satoshi Ōmura ; nuclear physicists and contributors to Chinese nuclear weapons program Qian Sanqiang and Deng Jiaxian, and "father of the Chinese hydrogen bomb" physicist Yu Min , nuclear physicist Zhu Guangya , particle physicist and discoverer of the partial conservation of the axial current, Zhou Guangzhao ; mathematician and MacArthur Fellow Yitang Zhang , neurosurgeon Wang Zhongcheng , pulmonologist and recipient of

7387-560: Was characterized by foreign concessions in China , and the success of Meiji Restoration of Japan, the Chinese people began calling for a full-scale westernization of China and debated with those who defended the traditional Chinese culture. Beijing University Peking University ( PKU ) is a public university in Haidian , Beijing , China. It is affiliated with and funded by the Ministry of Education of China . The university

7476-601: Was coined by the Jesuit missionaries to China , who used the phrase in their book titles, such as Julius Aleni ’s Summary of Western Learning , to refer to the knowledge they brought from the West. According to Liang Qichao , Western learning consists of an extremely wide range of topics including mathematics, mechanics, electrical science, chemistry, acoustics, optics, astronomy, geology, medical science, history, geography, legal studies, mining, military strategy and knowledge. Since

7565-499: Was given to the Western weapon and machine. Meanwhile, missionaries in China continued to spread Western ideologies in China. As China was defeated by Japan in the First Sino-Japanese War in 1897, Chinese thought leaders began to seek ways to save China from elimination, which drove them to active seek and absorb Western knowledge and demanded political reforms . Japan became a new source of Western learning during

7654-467: Was officially launched. The first dean of Lanyuan Centre is Ke Yang, Professor of Peking University School of Clinical Oncology and a foreign academician of the American Academy of Medical Sciences. In October, Peking University officially announced the establishment of Peking University School of Computer Science, which means the computer major of Peking University was officially upgraded from

7743-648: Was quickly organised. On May 4, students from thirteen universities marched to Tiananmen to protest the terms of Treaty of Versailles , demanded the Beiyang government to refuse to sign the treaty. Demonstrators also demanded the immediate resignation of three officials: Cao Rulin , Minister of the Ministry of Transportation , Zhang Zongxiang, China's Ambassador to Japan and Lu Zongyu, Minister of Currency, who they believed were in cooperation with Japanese. The protest ended up with some protesters being beaten and arrested, and Cao Rulin's house burned by protesters. Following

7832-662: Was ranked 2nd in the Asia-Pacific and the 19th worldwide in 2023 in terms of aggregate performance (THE+ARWU+QS) as reported by the Aggregate Ranking of Top Universities . In the QS Graduate Employability Rankings 2017, an annual ranking of university graduates' employability, Peking University was ranked 11th in the world and 2nd in Asia. In 2019, the QS World University Rankings ranked the university as one of

7921-439: Was the female author Chen Hengzhe 's short story One Day (一日 yi ri), published 1917 in an overseas student quarterly (《留美学生季报》 liumei xuesheng jibao). This was a year before the publication of Lu Xun 's Diary of a Madman on April 2, 1918, and The True Story of Ah Q (second was not published until 1921), which has often been incorrectly credited as the first vernacular Chinese fiction. Yuan Shikai , who inherited part of

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