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56-503: The source of the Yuna is located 78.95 km (49.06 miles) southeast of the city of Santiago and 62.41 km (38.78 miles) northwest of the city of Santo Domingo . The source is located near the southern Monseñor Nouel village of La Cuesta de la Vaca within the municipality of Bonao on Cerro Montoso Hill (Spanish: Loma de Cerro Montoso ) at an elevation of 1,075 m (3,527 feet) above sea level . The Cerro Montoso Hill lies along

112-688: A Belgian architect named Louis Bogaert. The late 1800s saw a peak of architecture in the city. Numerous residences were built in European styles, and make up the central core of Santiago. Santiago de los Caballeros is located on a hilly terrain in the middle of the Cibao Valley in the Central Region of the Dominican Republic , one of the most fertile lands found in the island. The Yaque del Norte River passes by Santiago which

168-630: A 67 m (220 ft) high marble monument named the Monumento de Santiago . Construction of the monument began in 1944 on the orders of then-dictator Rafael Trujillo . Monumento a los Héroes de la Restauración Trujillo was assassinated in 1961, after which the monument was renamed the Monumento a los Héroes de la Restauración ("Monument to the Heroes of the Restoration" in English), in honor of

224-525: A portion of the city's economy. Santiago, like most cities and towns in the Cibao valley, has historically benefited from the fertile lands of this region. This makes Santiago de los Caballeros an important area for farming and livestock. Santiago's industrial sector is also one of the most dynamic in the country. It has the concentration of 15% of domestic industries. This means 308 manufacturing companies, which in 2004 employed more than 14,000 people or 12% of

280-660: A professional level in the city of Santiago. The institution in charge of organizing these events is the Asociación de Baloncesto de Santiago de los Treinta Caballeros (ABASACA) Santiago de Los Caballeros is the most successful city in the Dominican Republic based on Dominican League teams. Águilas Cibaeñas is the most successful baseball team not only in the Dominican Republic, but in the Caribbean, this team has 22 National Championship, and 6 Caribbean titles. This

336-605: A regional airport that closed in March 2002. It serves destinations such as San Juan, Port-au-Prince, New York City, Miami and Santo Domingo with regular services. On March 30, 2022, President Luis Abinader formally commenced construction of the first rapid transit system in Santiago De Los Caballeros. The Monorail project will be the first of its kind in the Caribbean and Central America . Completion

392-576: A total population of 771,748 inhabitants (2022). Santiago is located approximately 155 km (96 mi) northwest of the capital Santo Domingo with an average altitude of 178 m (584 ft). Founded in 1495 during the first wave of European settlement in the New World , the city is the "first Santiago of the Americas". Today it is one of the Dominican Republic's cultural, political, industrial and financial centers. Due to its location in

448-438: A very active participation in the construction of its park, the streets, the church, highways and roads, electrification, as well as in the important railway. The construction of the railway line was of great importance, allowing inter-provincial communication, achieving a market insertion, both nationally and internationally. Due to the progress achieved in the first half of this century, both in economic and cultural terms, allowed

504-548: Is estimated at the end of 2024. Facilities include Hospital Cabral y Baez, Clínica Corominas, Hospital De Especialidades Medicas Materno Infantil, Union Médica, and Hospital Metropolitano De Santiago (HOMS), being the largest hospital in all of the Dominican Republic and in all the Caribbean . In the Strategic Plan of Santiago it is indicated that the construction of the Metropolitan Park would increase

560-472: Is fostered, which at the same time assumes a role of supplier of inputs and goods to the peasant sector. Given the productive capacity of the soils of Salcedo, climatic and ecological conditions allow it to develop coffee and cocoa crops. By the 1770s, the development of the production of sugar cane, coffee and cocoa became the support of the Dominican economy. The production of cocoa has a great tradition in

616-606: Is in between the Cordillera Central and the Cordillera Septentrional, two of the three major mountain ranges on the island of Hispaniola , forming the Cibao Valley . The city has the following subdivisions: Santiago features a tropical monsoon climate ( Am ) under the Köppen climate classification . The average temperature varies little in the city, because the tropical trade winds help mitigate

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672-460: Is named after the five brothers that died in an effort to end Trujillo's regime and dictatorship in the Dominican Republic in the mid 20th century. The anti-Trujillo legacy of the Patiño family did not begin with the brothers, but with their father who was killed in 1931 in the first anti-Trujillo insurrection of the Dominican Republic. On a hill overlooking Santiago is the city's tallest structure,

728-678: Is the largest artificial lake and is home to the largest dam in the Caribbean. The Hatillo dam in the Yuna River is an example of a dam with flood control purposes. The Yuna continues past the dam running northeast while decreasing in elevation and receiving first the Maguaca River and later the Chacuey River along the right bank. The Yuna bypasses the city of Cotuí to the north and enters a Sánchez Ramírez region filled with cocoa orchards. The Yuna receives its principal tributary,

784-405: Is the second-largest city in the Dominican Republic , it currently produces the second highest percentage of the nation's GDP, while also having one of the highest incomes per capita, and a large middle-class population. Telecommunications, such as; wireless phones, cable service, internet service and other services are important for the local economy. Tourism , to a lesser extent, also accounts for

840-407: Is what causes what a lot of people call Baseballs most intense rivalry, which is a long historic Rivalry between Águilas Cibaeñas and Tigres del Licey, being "Licey" the most popular winter league baseball team in the world, and Águilas Cibaeñas being close second. Santiago's major baseball and basketball teams are Las Aguilas Cibaeñas and Los Metros de Santiago . Santiago has two stadiums, and

896-454: The Blanco and Tireo River . The Yuna then heads northeast into lower elevations as the river leaves the Cordillera Central. The river passes through the village of Los Quemados, receiving several forks that originate within the Cordillera Central to the west. The river next bypasses Bonao to the northwest of the city. The Yuna then flows into the town of Los Arroces, receiving a major tributary,

952-632: The Camú River , approximately 11.60 km (7.21 miles) northeast of Cotuí at the Duarte Province line at an elevation of 30 m (98.43 feet) above sea level. The Camú River has its source within the Cordillera Central and has a watershed that spans seven provinces: La Vega , Santiago , Monseñor Nouel, Hermanas Mirabal , Sánchez Ramírez, and Duarte. The Yuna turns east after receiving the Camú River along its left bank and now serves as

1008-718: The Dominican Restoration War of 1863, in which the Dominican Republic regained its independence from Spain. Museums in the city include the Museo Folklórico Yoryi Morel which exhibits Santiago's Carnival culture, and displays some garments worn by lechones of Santiago Province in the Carnival, as well as those worn in other provinces. The museum is named after noted Santiago painter Yoryi Morel . Museo del Tabaco or The Tobacco Museum which shows manufacturing methods as well as

1064-721: The Masopedro River , on the left bank. The Yuna then heads east passing under the Autopista Duarte before entering another mountainous region of Monseñor Nouel. The Yuna next passes north of Falconbridge Ltd. , a major economic income for the Bonao area. The Yuna heads east as it cuts through several mountains in this region including the Flat Hill (Spanish: La Loma del Llano ) where the Yujo River converges onto

1120-564: The Nigua and Yaiba Rivers. The Yuna next heads into the municipality of Villa Riva running east-northeast while descending into elevations of 20 m (65.62 feet) above sea level. The Yuna passes north of Los Haitises National Park where it meets the Cevicos River along its right bank. The Yuna then traverses a region with several lagoons and wetlands and heads north to the town of Villa Riva before turning southeast and receiving

1176-557: The Payabo River on its right bank. The Yuna next passes beneath Autopista Juan Pablo II upon briefly entering the municipality of Arenoso and continues east passing several small villages including Los Coles and Agua Santa del Yuna. The Yuna continues east into the village of Los Cacaos where the Yuna serves as the Duarte– Samaná Province line in a region filled with marshlands and cienegas . The Yuna next arrives at

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1232-699: The Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo Santiago is also home to a Binational Center, the Centro Cultural Domínico-Americano (CCDA), which was founded in 1962 by a group of Dominicans and Americans living in Santiago. At the beginning, the CCDA set about providing English language courses. Later, the library was opened and included the lending of overhead projectors and documentary films. These last two were sponsored by

1288-651: The Yaque del Norte , which is the current location of the city's river. The brief French during the Peace of Basel (which yielded the Spanish part of the island to France in 1795) left its mark on Santiago. Santiago was returned to Spain under the Peace of Paris of 1814. During the 19th Century, Santiago began its modern urban planning. European neoclassicism is represented at the Palace Hall, built between 1892 and 1895, by

1344-760: The 15.07 km (9.36 miles) long Barracote River which separates from the right bank of the Yuna. The Barracote runs southeast-east as it reaches its mouth at the Samaná Bay (Spanish: Bahía de Samaná ) in the municipality of Sánchez at an elevation of 1 m (3.28 feet) above sea level. The main branch of the Yuna continues northeast receiving the Guayabo River on its left bank before traveling east into Samaná Province . The Yuna finally reaches its delta within Los Haitises National Park approximately 3.84 km (2.39 miles) south of

1400-458: The 16th and 19th centuries and the introduction of the cultivation of coffee and cocoa established the main base of the provincial economy, which came to replace the logging operations and the cattle herd, mainly in the mountainous part. In its beginning, the province was divided between different provinces. The current provincial capital city of Salcedo belonged to the Espaillat province, while

1456-712: The American Embassy. CCDA is located on Estrella Sadhalá Avenue. These facilities of the CCDA were opened on July 23, 1962. Throughout its 50 years of existence, the CCDA has taught English language courses, painting classes and manual activities. Santiago has share taxis (often called carros públicos or conchos ) and private and independent bus owners who form their own routes according to their demands. The city has private bus transportation to other cities. Bus companies include Dioni, Metro, Caribe Tours, Transporte Espinal, and Aetra Bus. The Autopista Juan Pablo Duarte highway, officially known as DR-1 , passes by

1512-489: The Knights ), often shortened to Santiago , is the second-largest city in the Dominican Republic and the fourth-largest city in the Caribbean by population. It is the capital of Santiago Province and the largest major metropolis in the Cibao region of the country. Santiago is the largest Caribbean city that is not a capital city, and it is also the largest non-coastal metropolis in the Caribbean islands. The city has

1568-543: The Santiagos green area from its currently 1.1% to 4%. Some of the recreational places found in Santiago are: Santiago has twinning agreements with the following sister cities : Hermanas Mirabal Province Hermanas Mirabal ( Spanish pronunciation: [eɾˈmanas miɾaˈβal] ; named after the Mirabal sisters ) is a province of the Dominican Republic . It was split from Espaillat Province in 1952 and

1624-415: The Spanish army. and Centro León which displays elements of the Caribbean and Dominican experience, natural Dominican history, and the evolution and culture of the indigenous Taíno peoples. As much as the rest of the nation, Santiago residents enjoy baseball and look forward to the Dominican winter season with the local team being the Águilas Cibaeñas . Besides baseball, basketball is also played at

1680-567: The Sánchez Ramírez-Duarte Province line, heading into wetlands filled with rice and cocoa cultivation. The easternmost segment of the Yuna past the mouth of the Camú River has the most s-shaped curves of any segment in its course. The Yuna continues to decrease in elevation as it heads east reaching 24 m (78.74 feet) above sea level upon entering Duarte Province and the municipality of Eugenio Maria de Hostos where it meets two small tributaries along its left bank:

1736-430: The Yuna watershed is contributing to loss in soil fertility and to increases in pests, weeds, and diseases. Consequently, this requires further increases in the already high use of the same agrochemicals.' (Tobey, 2004, 31) Although most of the Yuna River bed is vegetated, but there is a high amount of gravel south of Bonao . Santiago de los Caballeros Santiago de los Caballeros ( English: Saint James of

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1792-708: The Yuna. The river accompanies the Sánchez Ramírez Province line east of Flat Hill and enters the province upon arriving at Lake Hatillo (Spanish: Presa de Hatillo ) in the municipality of Cotuí where it joins the Maimón River . Lake Hatillo runs north-northeast for 15.46 km (9.61 miles) and has a total area of 27.94 km (11 square miles) from the Yuna–Maimón convergence to a hydroelectric dam located 4.21 km (2.62 miles) southwest of Cotuí . The reservoir, surrounded by rolling hills,

1848-624: The city center and connects the city directly to Santo Domingo . Other minor highways connect the city to Puerto Plata, Samaná, and the northwestern region of the country. The Cibao International Airport serves mostly Dominicans living in the United States and other Caribbean islands like Cuba, the Turks and Caicos Islands, and Puerto Rico, as well as Panama. The airport of the city was the Santiago Municipal Airport ,

1904-579: The city is called Santiago de los 30 Caballeros ( English: Saint James of the 30 Knights ). The name of the city (Saint James of the Knights) refers to the Hidalgos de la Isabela, a group of knights who had come from La Isabela to settle in Santiago. The colony was originally located in San Francisco de Jacagua (now a suburb of the city), founded in 1495. Still, when an earthquake destroyed it, it

1960-594: The city of Sánchez and 10.26 km (6.38 miles) north of the Barracote River mouth. The delta is located within the Lower Yuna Mangroves (Spanish: Manglares del Bajo Yuna ) and empties into the Samaná Bay., which is one of the largest estuaries in the Caribbean. There is a long period when the Yuna River provides Samana Bay with a flow of stable and low freshwater, as well as two times of

2016-540: The constitution in recent times of a province, from the detachment of three others, has generated problems of recognition and provincial integration that are still very much alive in the population. On November 20, 2007, the anniversary of the murder of the Mirabal Sisters, the law giving the name of the Mirabal Sisters to the Province was promulgated. The colonization process at the end of the last century and

2072-464: The country from their effects because of its location in the Cibao Valley . Santiago's economy is mainly based by the commercialization and industrialization of its products and finished goods, production of goods in the free zones, and by commerce. The city has headquarters and branches of all the main stores, supermarkets, restaurants and financial entities of the country. The city also has several shopping centers and multinational companies. Since it

2128-486: The country, this together with the production of sugar were the main activities during the years of colonization, based on slave labor for the Spanish colonial market. For the seventeenth century (1650), the mercantile production suffered a marked decrease, due, among other things, to the emigration of the colonizers to other Latin American countries, lack of slaves and the complete disappearance of these plantations due to

2184-647: The creation of the Province on August 16, 1952, a Province that includes the Municipalities of Salcedo, Tenares, and the then Municipal District of Villa Tapia. As can be seen, the Municipality of Salcedo had a preponderant role in the constitution of the Province, it was detached from the Espaillat province; Tenares was detached from the Duarte province and Villa Tapia from the La Vega province. The fact of

2240-697: The effect of the tobacco plantations along the city's history, the Museo Histórico Fortaleza San Luis or Historic San Luis Fort Museum which previously served as a municipal prison., the Museo de los Héroes de la Restauración or Restoration Heroes Museum is currently under construction and houses a display of pictures from the Restoration War from the 1863–1865 battles between the Dominican Government and

2296-594: The fertile Cibao Valley , it has a robust agricultural sector and is a leading exporter of rum, textiles, and cigars. Santiago is known as "La Ciudad Corazón" (the "Heartland City"). Santiago de los Caballeros has historically been an important strategic city in the Dominican War of Independence . The city's name, Saint James of the Knights, refers to the Hidalgos de la Isabela, a group of knights who had come from La Isabela city to stay in Santiago. Sometimes,

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2352-479: The heat and humidity throughout the year. December and January are the coolest months and July and August are the warmest. Santiago and the rest of the country are in the Caribbean and have a tropical climate , which, when coupled with the city's altitude, 183 meters above sea level, causes cloudy conditions to persist through much of the year. While the entire country is susceptible to Atlantic hurricanes , Santiago and its environs are more sheltered than other parts of

2408-545: The highest mountain range in the West Indies , the Cordillera Central. The Cordillera Central provides the principal watershed and drainage divide for the Dominican Republic; the Yuna has its source along the northern slope of the mountain range. The Yuna descends from its headwaters running south then west where several streams feed into the river near the San José de Ocoa province border. The Yuna then turns north near

2464-463: The historic center of Santiago. The neo-classical gothic Cathedral of Santiago was built in 1895 by Onofre de Lora, an architect native to the city. The Hermanos Patiño Bridge is both the largest and oldest bridge in the city connecting the North and South sides of the city of Santiago. Its construction was started by Rafael Leónidas Trujillo and inaugurated in 1962, one year after his death. The bridge

2520-422: The introduction of the cultivation of coffee and cocoa established the main base of the provincial economy, which came to replace the logging operations and the cattle herd, mainly in the mountainous part. The flat part retains for a long time its features of large estates exploited with livestock and bananas, features that are still evident today. It is around these crops that the province's agro-export bourgeoisie

2576-409: The labor of Dominican manufacturing work. The products range from cigars, coffee, and alcoholic beverages, to concrete, plywood and sheet products. The Mercado Modelo on Calle del Sol is a shopping center where there are various stores of handicrafts and native articles made by hand. Santiago has recently experienced an era of rapid growth and development. It has become a city of great importance for

2632-483: The municipality of Tenares belonged to Duarte, and the municipal district of Villa Tapia belonged to the La Vega. Due to the political instability of the time and the predominance of caudillista interests there were conflicts in the relations between Salcedo and its surrounding provinces, and it was not until April 20, 1907, when the National Congress gave the definitive limits to Salcedo. The population took

2688-474: The nation and the region's development. The population of Santiago was about 771,748 inhabitants as of 2022, making it the second most populous city in the Dominican Republic and one of the largest in the Caribbean (behind Santo Domingo, Havana, and Port-au-Prince), as well as the largest city that isn't a capital (although it once was). The Victorian era was the zenith of architecture in the city. Numerous residences were built in this European style, which makes up

2744-446: The provincial economic capital from the mid-1980s to the present. According to official data, this municipality reports about 50% of the province's total taxes and is the municipality with the largest presence of national and regional financial institutions. The province as of June 20, 2006 is divided into the following municipalities ( municipios ) and municipal districts ( distritos municipales - D.M.) within them: The following

2800-499: The stadiums are The Estadio Cibao home of the Aguilas Cibaeñas and The Gran Arena del Cibao home of Los Metros De Santiago The Female Volleyball Team have claimed two bronze medals in the professional Dominican Volleyball League . In early 2015, there was the official launch of Liga Dominicana de Fútbol in the Dominican Republic. Santiago is the first city in the country to hold a FIFA Certified Stadium, which

2856-526: The strong natural catastrophes . By this time, national production was reduced to about 650 thousand pounds per year. Currently the province's economy is essentially agricultural throughout the province, the main products being banana, cassava, cocoa and coffee. In the municipality of Tenares, agriculture continues to be the main economic item, followed by services, remittances, among others. This diversification of its production, as well as social stability have been important elements for Tenares to have emerged as

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2912-528: The village of El Torito passing through several mountains including Torito Hill (Spanish: La Loma del Torito ), and Middle Hill (Spanish: La Loma El Medio ). The Yuna shifts north-northwest near the Middle Hill passing through several villages including Pino de Yuna, Piedra de los Veganos, and El Capa. The Yuna next flows into the village of Los Finitos where it travels in a more northerly course. The river then receives two tributaries along its left bank:

2968-486: The year when the Yuna River rises and provides the Bay with a flow of large freshwater. In total the Yuna River, is 208 km long. A primary use of the Yuna River, as it flows along the city of Bonao, is for rice cultivation. As noted by Barzman and Peguero (1995) in their work ' Impacts of Altered Freshwater Flows to Estuaries: Yuna River Watershed and Samana Bay' (Jim Tobey, 2004), 'agrochemical use for rice cultivation in

3024-682: Was built in the campus of the Pontificia Universidad Catolica Madre y Maestra and became the home of the major and first city soccer team Cibao FC from Liga Dominicana de Fútbol . Santiago is home of several universities including the prestigious Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra (PUCMM) and Universidad Tecnológica de Santiago (UTESA). Other higher learning institutions present in Santiago are: Universidad Organización & Método (O&M), Universidad Abierta para Adultos (UAPA), Universidad Nacional Evangélica and one regional campus belonging to

3080-604: Was moved to its current location in 1506. In granting in 1508 the Royal Privilege of Concession de Armas to the Villa de Santiago of Hispaniola , the heraldic emblem that was included in his shield was venerated. The royal decree was signed by King Ferdinand as administrator of the kingdoms of his daughter Joanna I of Castile . The city was devastated by another earthquake on December 2, 1562. The survivors settled on land belonging to Petronila Jáquez of Minaya, adjacent to

3136-552: Was originally called Salcedo , the name of its capital city; it is still referred to by this name sometimes. The province is very fertile and its main agricultural product is plantain . The name change came on November 21, 2007. It commemorates the Mirabal sisters , who made the ultimate sacrifice for their country by giving up a privileged life to fight against the powerful Dominican leader, Rafael Trujillo . The Mirabal sisters came from Salcedo and were buried there after they were murdered. The colonization process throughout

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