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92-466: The Family II shares its basic design and architecture with the smaller Family I engine (which covered capacities from 1.0 to 1.6 litres) - and for this reason the Family I and Family II engines are also known informally as the "small block" and "big block", respectively - although the 1.6 L capacity was available in either type depending on its fuelling system. The engine also spawned two diesel variants,

184-401: A cast iron engine block . GM do Brasil versions were also capable of running on ethanol. These engines share their basic design with the larger Family II engine – for this reason some consider the Family I and Family II to be the same series and instead use the terms 'small block' and 'large block' to distinguish between the two. Over the years there has been overlap between the two types as

276-501: A distributorless ignition system , namely Bosch Motronic 2.8. The last version was called C20LN (Low Noise) and has a stronger engine block. In 1991, the Coscast cylinder head was replaced with the GM cylinder head which was manufactured by Kolben-Schmidt. One of the most prominently recognized qualities of the Coscast head is its inherent lack of porosity; this was achieved by pumping

368-655: A square 86 mm (3.4 in) bore and stroke. They also feature fuel injection , an aluminum crossflow cylinder head with a belt-driven overhead camshaft, electronic ignition , a six-bolt flywheel , and a 6,400 rpm redline . Originally, developed by Opel , these engines have been used in Brazilian market vehicles, Korean market vehicles and North American market vehicles; with the first versions appearing in 1981, although did not start appearing in European Opel/Vauxhall models until 1986 - firstly in

460-468: A toothed belt driven valvetrain, a cast-iron engine block and an aluminum cylinder head . Most models feature Euro III -compliancy, and the 1.4 L (1399 cc) and 1.6 L (1598cc) versions employ variable intake geometry. With the release of Chevrolet Cruze , the factory has been converted to produce the Ecotec Family 1 Gen III block. Applications: The E-TEC II 16V is an updated version of

552-435: A "turbo" script. It produces a DIN rated output of 150 kW (201 hp), and generates 280 newton-metres (207  lbf⋅ft ) of torque. Boost pressure is 0.6 bars (8.7  psi ) continuous with a 0.8 bars (12  psi ) overboost. Some versions of the engine implemented switchable Traction Control (commonly included in the early Astra GSi models). The inlet had a secondary throttle valve sandwiched underneath

644-666: A $ 1.2 billion class-action against Bosch and Continental AG in the United States after VW was forced to reduce production due to a lack of automotive microchips. On January 26, 2021, the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed that Bosch won on all claims. In January 2020, Bosch Packaging Technology became Syntegon. In June 2021, Bosch christened its newly built semiconductor manufacturing plant in which it invested $ 1.2 billion, its largest-ever spending on

736-585: A 23:1 compression ratio and a Bosch injection pump. The diesel featured valves that rotate, increasing durability. 73 hp (54 kW) at 5400 rpm with Gasoline 12.3 kgfm (121 Nm) at 3000 rpm with Gasoline 8:1 with Gasoline Ethanol/Gasoline The 1.7-liter iteration (1,700 cc or 103.7 cu in) has an 82.5 mm (3.25 in) bore and a 79.5 mm (3.13 in) stroke. The engine uses diesel fuel , and utilises indirect injection. The 1.8-liter iteration (1,796 cc or 109.6 cu in) has an 84.8 mm (3.34 in) bore and

828-536: A 77.6 mm (3.06 in) bore and a 73.4 mm (2.89 in) stroke. The 1,598 cc (97.5 cu in) version has a 79.0 mm (3.11 in) bore and an 81.5 mm (3.21 in) stroke. 1988–1991 Passport Optima Opel Astra F MK2 Astra The 1,796 cc (109.6 cu in) version has an 80.5 mm (3.17 in) bore and an 88.2 mm (3.47 in) stroke. Daewoo Tacuma Daewoo Leganza Applications: The SPE / 4 or ( Smart Performance Economy 4 cylinders ) engines are an evolution of

920-617: A 79.5 mm (3.13 in) stroke. It was first available in the facelifted Opel Manta B in May 1982, and quickly made its way into a number of other Opel and GM cars. It was originally available as the 18N and the 18S, for low and high octane petrol respectively. The C18NV was first installed in the Opel Rekord E2 from May 1985 and was one of the first catalysed mass market automobiles sold in Germany (and Europe). The Family II engines in

1012-598: A 94.6mm (3.7 in) stroke. It is codenamed C22NE and 22LE . It was mainly used in the Brazilian market, in the Opel Omega A (Chevrolet Omega in Brazil) with 116 hp and the Opel Vectra B (Chevrolet Vectra in Brazil) with 123 hp. This engine replaced the 2.0 8v C20NE (116 hp) version that was considered weak when fitted to cars like Omega and Vectra, by the Brazilian market, however 2.2L Omega A's for

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1104-528: A catalytic converter and a lambda or oxygen sensor – this requirement permitted the fitment of the Bosch Motronic 2.5 engine management system. Engine power output dropped to 150 bhp. Vauxhall complied with the new emission controls in 1988, although the legislation wasn't law until 1991. Vehicles fitted with the C20XE engine produced before 1991 can have their catalytic converter legally removed, and

1196-468: A change to the lubrication specification eventually solved the issue. Another known issue on the Family II was for the water pump to become jammed into its mounting due to corrosion if the engine was run with no antifreeze; the pump is mounted into an eccentric shaped aperture so it can also function as the timing belt tensioner. If the pump cannot turn then the belt cannot be tensioned. Later versions of

1288-503: A longitudinal installation (for rear-wheel drive) have one major design difference from their transverse mounted counterparts - the distributor is driven by a small drivebelt from the camshaft timing sprocket rather than directly off the transmission end of the camshaft, which on the Manta B and Rekord E2 (both older vehicles that had originally been designed around the CIH engine) would have meant

1380-468: A low optimum specific fuel consumption of 232 g/kWh which is equivalent to a maximum efficiency of 37%; a better efficiency than some of the diesel engines that were available at the time of its release. The valves are set at 46° and are accompanied by pistons with shallow valve pockets – thereby eliminating the need for a shorter connecting rod hence, allowing a suitable compression ratio to be achieved. Long spark plugs are used and positioned concentric to

1472-412: A narrower bore version of the existing 1.3-litre version, displacing 1,195 cc (72.9 cu in), replaced the original design. This was also available with single-point fuel injection and with catalytic converters. The 1,297 cc (79.1 cu in) version has a 75.0 mm (2.95 in) bore and a 73.4 mm (2.89 in) stroke. The 1,389 cc (84.8 cu in) version has

1564-570: A new cylinder head design. This was the first engine in this family, featuring a Lotus -developed 16-valve cylinder head and a cast-iron cylinder block which was essentially the same as in Opel's 8-valve engines. C16XE was available only in Corsa GSi , model years 1993 and 1994. C16XE was not yet badged Ecotec, and for later model Corsas and Opel Tigras it was replaced with X16XE Ecotec engine. The main difference between C16XE and X16XE Ecotec

1656-484: A pair of Welch plugs be pressed in at either end of the head. In situations where a complete C20XE is still fitted to a vehicle, the presence of Welch plugs (or lack of) has proven to be the sole means of differentiating between GM and Coscast heads. A reinforced version of the GM head became available in the later years of the C20XE ; however, these reinforcements meant that it had smaller inlet/exhaust channels than

1748-486: A porous head have a tendency to vary. Many C20XE operators have described the symptom as a curry-like residue or in more severe cases, a thick brown sludge which may overcome the entire cooling system. In such instances, engine oil will readily react with the sulfur in rubber components, hence quickly degrading coolant pipes and hoses to the point of failure. During the porous head debacle, GM faced bankruptcy – therefore dealers failed to recall affected models. Due in part, to

1840-873: A sales office for Bosch goods in Calcutta, India. In the years that followed, Bosch concluded contracts in Asia with sales partners in Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and what is now Indonesia, for example, and on the American continents with partners in Mexico, Peru, Colombia, and Ecuador. In the 1920s, Bosch expanded its product range to include numerous automotive technology products that were required for cars in everyday use: electric horn (1921), windshield wipers (1926), and direction indicators ("trafficator", 1927). In 1927, Bosch launched injection pumps for diesel. Bosch bought

1932-720: A secret plant for the entire electrical equipment of tanks, tractors, and trucks of the Wehrmacht was built. In 1944, 4,290 men and women worked in the Trillke factory, 2,019 of whom were forced laborers, prisoners of war, and military internees. During the Second World War , there were at least 3,000 workers at the mechanics division at the Bosch Hildesheim plant, almost all of them from nearby occupied countries; there were only 200 recorded German workers. In

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2024-522: A single project. In April 2022, Bosch announced to acquire Five.ai, an autonomous driving startup. in April 2022, Bosch announced it had acquired the Dresden -based MEMS micro speaker producer, Arioso Systems. The company will form part of Bosch Sensortec GmbH. In July 2022, Bosch said the company is looking to invest approximately 3 billion euros into its semiconductor chip production and R&D over

2116-706: A supplier of an ignition system. In 1902, the chief engineer at Bosch, Gottlob Honold , unveiled the high-voltage magneto ignition system with spark plug . In 1901, Bosch opened its first factory in Stuttgart. In 1906, the company produced its 100,000th magneto. In the same year, Bosch introduced the eight-hour day for workers. In 1910, the Feuerbach plant was founded and built close to Stuttgart. In this factory, Bosch started to produce generators and headlights "Bosch-Light" in 1914. The system had been presented in 1913. The onset of motorization in road traffic meant that

2208-461: A variant of VVT ), piston cooling by oil jets, and an integrated catalytic converter . Non-turbocharged variants feature the TwinPort ( Variable-length intake manifold ) technology. Reliability improvements include a wider camshaft drive belt, and a water pump no longer driven by it. The LDE engine meets Euro VI and KULEV emission standards. With the addition of secondary air injection to

2300-526: Is emission control , C16XE lacks EGR and AIR -system, although the cylinder head is designed to enable these features. Other differences between C16XE and later versions of the engine include intake manifold , C16XE has a plastic upper intake manifold, which was replaced with a cast aluminium manifold, and fuel injection system, C16XE uses Multec fuel injection with MAF sensor and later models used Multec fuel injection with MAP sensor . Also, while C16XE had its own exhaust front section design, for X16XE it

2392-746: Is a turbocharged version of the X20XEV for the Opel Astra G and features an 8.8:1 compression, 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) and 195 lb⋅ft (264 N⋅m) of torque. From 2005, the Z20LET engine was revised for the Astra H and Zafira B, to three different model designations, Z20LEL , Z20LER and Z20LEH . The differing designations denote the engine power output, 170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp), 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) and 240 PS (177 kW; 237 hp). Further revisions to

2484-558: Is a turbocharged version produced in Brazil for the North American market. It featured brilliant red powder coating on the camshaft cover, intake manifold and boost pipe. The engine was equipped with a water-cooled Garrett T-25 turbocharger; however it did not utilize an intercooler . Maximum boost at WOT was 9 psi (62 kPa). The 2.2 L or 2,198 cc (134.1 cu in) version has an 86mm (3.38 in) bore and

2576-917: Is a German multinational engineering and technology company headquartered in Gerlingen , Baden-Württemberg , Germany . The company was founded by Robert Bosch in Stuttgart in 1886. Bosch is 94% owned by the Robert Bosch Stiftung , a charitable institution. Although the charity is funded by owning the vast majority of shares, it has no voting rights and is involved in health and social causes unrelated to Bosch's business. Bosch's core operating areas are spread across four business sectors: mobility (hardware and software), consumer goods (including household appliances and power tools), industrial technology (including drive and control ) and energy and building technology. In terms of revenue, Bosch

2668-463: Is both a market and a manufacturing location for Bosch. In 2012, Bosch had 34,000 employees and a revenue of 41.7 billion Yuan (about 5 billion Euro) in China. In 2020, Bosch funded the creation of a report entitled Decarbonising Road Transport: There Is No Silver Bullet , which contained disputed information about the environmental performance of electric vehicles . In January 2021, Volkswagen filed

2760-589: Is the largest automotive supplier . Moreover, it is the biggest supplier of the services in the world. The company started in a backyard in Stuttgart-West as the Werkstätte für Feinmechanik und Elektrotechnik (Workshop for Precision Mechanics and Electrical Engineering) on 15 November 1886. The next year Bosch presented a low voltage magneto for gas engines. From 1897, Bosch started installing magneto ignition devices into automobiles and became

2852-515: Is the first Family II engine branded as Ecotec , a mass-market successor to the C20XE with a Lotus -developed cylinder head . The new cylinder head had a smaller valve angle compared to the older C20XE , to give more torque in the lower revs. It is a 1,998 cc (121.9 cu in) naturally aspirated engine with 16 valves and belt driven double overhead camshafts ( DOHC ). 86 mm (3.4 in) bore and stroke in cast-iron OHC -derived cylinder block and aluminium cylinder head. The X20XEV

GM Family II engine - Misplaced Pages Continue

2944-643: The C20XE for racing purposes. The C20XE was used by the Chevrolet WTCC (World Touring Car Championship) team and the Lada WTCC team. The engine was also an option in Westfield kitcars. The engine is a favourite for both N/A and turbo motoring enthusiasts for its robust design, materials and construction The X18XE was branded as Ecotec . All these engines feature an 81.6 mm (3.21 in) bore and an 86.0 mm (3.39 in) stroke. The X20XEV

3036-624: The Dieselgate scandal. The majority of Bosch Group businesses are grouped into the following four business sectors. The Mobility Solutions business sector accounts for 60 percent of total sales in 2019. Its main areas of activity are injection technology and powertrain peripherals for internal-combustion engines, powertrain electrification, steering systems, safety and driver-assistance systems, infotainment technology as well as vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication, repair-shop concepts, and technology and services for

3128-459: The Drive and Control Technology division , whose products include customized drive, control, and linear motion for factory automation, plant construction and engineering, and mobile machinery. The second division, Packaging Technology, provides process and packaging for the pharmaceuticals and foodstuffs industries. Its range includes stand-alone machines, systems, and services. In the early 2000s, it

3220-730: The E-TEC engines with DOHC . Applications: The new Generation III or Gen III engine entered production in Spring 2005. These engines replaced both the previous generation Ecotec engines as well as Daewoo's E-TEC 16V engines. These engines are manufactured at Szentgotthárd, Hungary, Bupyeoung, Korea, Toluca, Mexico and Yantai, PRC (SGM). In contrast to their predecessors, the Gen III engines feature lighter cast-iron blocks, as well as higher compression ratios. These engines also implement DCVCP (Double Continuous Variable Cam Phasing technology,

3312-637: The FlexPower name. Differences between the engines are usually emissions related. However, the 20SEH version was more powerful version produced for Opel's sportier models such as the Ascona GT and Kadett GSi, (their corresponding Vauxhall sisters being the Cavalier SRi 130 and the Astra GTE); it featured a more aggressive camshaft, and high compression pistons . The LT3 ( RPO code ) or C20GET

3404-522: The LUW engine, the LWE achieves PZEV status. These engines, like their DOHC predecessors, feature bucket tappets in contrast to the roller finger followers found on GM's other 4-cylinder engines. Applications: Turbocharged Gen III engines are used in: Robert Bosch GmbH Robert Bosch GmbH ( / b ɒ ʃ / ; German: [bɔʃ] ), commonly known as Bosch (styled BOSCH ),

3496-518: The Omega and Senator models until 1994. The development track of these engines split in 1987, with the introduction of the 20XE ; which featured a 16-valve DOHC head, with Holden production of the SOHC versions ending in 2009. Although SOHC versions stayed in production in Brazil, most DOHC engines were replaced by the all-aluminium GM Ecotec engine family. In 2004, a 2.0 L MultiPower engine

3588-689: The Omega A and then in the facelift Ascona C3 for the 1987 model year. The North American versions were used primarily in the J-body compact cars from 1983 through 1994 although the turbocharged version did make a brief appearance in the N-body Pontiac Grand Am . The SOHC version also appeared in the Opel Kadett E -based, Daewoo produced, Pontiac LeMans for the US market. In the Brazilian market these engines are still built under

3680-565: The Opel Kadett D in 1979, and shortly afterwards in its Vauxhall badged sister – the Vauxhall Astra Mk.1 in 1980. Despite this, the previous Opel OHV engine continued to be sold in entry level versions of the Opel Kadett/Astra and Corsa throughout the 1980s. The Family I is informally known as the "small block", since it shares its basic design and architecture with the larger Family II unit (correspondingly known as

3772-499: The Opel Vectra B , which are to a completely different design to the Family II. This lineup features the same block as the SOHC engines with an 86 mm (3.4 in) bore and stroke and a Cosworth -developed timing belt -driven double overhead camshaft (DOHC) 16 valve cylinder head ( Cosworth Project KB). The cylinder heads were cast and assembled by either Cosworth or, as demand increased, Kolbenschmidt . In general,

GM Family II engine - Misplaced Pages Continue

3864-523: The Roseville -headquartered silicon carbide (SiC) power device manufacturer, TSI Semiconductors. In July 2024, Bosch announced the acquisition of Johnson Controls ' heating and air conditioning operations for $ 8 billion. In 2006, Volkswagen executives asked Bosch for help in developing software for their emission defeat devices. Volkswagen is one of Bosch's biggest customers. Volkswagen engineers provided detailed specifications to Bosch, which wrote

3956-668: The SOHC 2.0L (20SEH) engines (appearing first in the Opel Kadett E GSi/Vauxhall Astra Mk2 GTE, and later the Opel Vectra A/Vauxhall Cavalier Mk3 GSi 2000) - coming in either non-catalysed (20XE) or catalysed (C20XE) versions. The engine is commonly nicknamed the Red Top (or just "XE") because of the appearance of the red L-shaped spark plug cover (black colours were available too; the rocker cover

4048-525: The automotive aftermarket . Particular strategic priorities for the sector include transforming the powertrain and expanding the business in the areas of electrification, automated driving , new electrical and electronic architectures for vehicles, accessing adjacent market segments, and developing additional services. The new Powertrain Solutions division was formed effective 1 January 2018, in order to develop powertrain technology products, regardless of

4140-880: The "large block"), which covers the mid range and higher engine capacities up to 2400cc. Originally produced at the Aspern engine plant , production was moved to the Szentgotthárd engine plant in Hungary with the introduction of the DOHC version. GM do Brasil at São José dos Campos , GMDAT at Bupyeong and GM North America at Toluca also build these engines. The Family II units, by contrast were manufactured by Holden in Australia. The Family 1 engines are inline-four cylinder engines with belt-driven single or double overhead camshafts in an aluminum cylinder head with

4232-415: The "small block" Family I engine; the key difference to aid identification is the position of the oil filter - on the Family I it is on the front face of the cylinder block, pointing towards front of the car, on the Family II it is adjacent to the crankshaft pulley pointing downwards. The Family II also has a more sophisticated crankcase breathing circuit, with an additional pipe that runs from the crankcase to

4324-505: The 1.0 engine. The 1.0 L 16v was available in the Corsa line-up from 1999 to 2001. the first versions of the Family I appeared in the Opel Kadett D in 1979, and the corresponding Vauxhall Astra Mk.1 in the spring of 1980. The 999 cc (61.0 cu in) version has a 71.1 mm (2.80 in) bore and a 62.9 mm (2.48 in) stroke. There are two iterations of the 1.2-liter Family 1 engine. As originally introduced it

4416-441: The 1.6 L and 1.7 L. The engine features a cast iron block, an aluminium head, and a timing belt driven valvetrain. The timing belt also drives the water pump. It was first used in the Opel Kadett D , Ascona C , and their corresponding Vauxhall sister models, the Astra and Cavalier II. Many General Motors subsidiaries, including Daewoo , GM do Brasil , GM Powertrain , and Holden have used this design. Family II engines for

4508-414: The 20XE/C20XE "Red Top". The final versions of this engine, labelled Ecotec , evolved from this engine as well. Early Family II engines had a reputation for rapid camshaft and follower wear (a trait shared with the smaller Family I engine), the problem afflicted Kadett D/Astra I and Ascona C/Cavalier II vehicles fitted with the engine. Improved metallurgy of both the cam lobes and followers, combined with

4600-564: The Econo.Flex engines that were made in Brazil at the Joinville plant. There are two available displacements: 1.0 L and 1.4 L. They feature an SOHC head with 2-valves per cylinder, and is fed by a multi-point fuel injection system, which allows it to run on either E100 (pure ethanol ) or E25 gasoline (standard in Brazil). Major differences between previous engines include reduced friction, lowered weight, individual coil-near-plug ignition, and

4692-721: The European and Australasian markets were manufactured by Holden at its Fisherman's Bend plant in Melbourne until 2009, whilst the Americas were supplied from the São José dos Campos plant in the São Paulo region of Brazil . By 1986, the Family II unit had almost completely replaced the CIH engine as Opel/Vauxhall's core 4-cylinder engine - the CIH continuing only in 2.4L 4-cylinder format, and in all 6-cylinder applications in

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4784-409: The European market continued to use the older CIH engine, rather than the Family II. Applications: The 2,405 cc (146.8 cu in) version has an 87.5 mm (3.44 in) bore and a 100 mm (3.9 in) stroke. The first naturally aspirated DOHC 16-valve version of the 2.0 L — 1,998 cc (121.9 cu in)— cast-iron -block engine was introduced in 1988 - derived from

4876-623: The Industrial Technology business sector since the start of 2018. In January 2020, Bosch Packaging Technology became Syntegon The Consumer Goods business sector contributed some 23 percent of total Bosch Group sales in 2019. Its Power Tools division is a supplier of power tools, power tool accessories, and measuring technology. In addition to power tools such as hammer drills , cordless screwdrivers, and jigsaws , its products also include gardening equipment such as lawnmowers , hedge trimmers , and high-pressure cleaners . One of

4968-602: The Nazi authorities. In 1937, Bosch AG became a limited liability company ( GmbH ). The Bosch subsidiary Dreilinden Maschinenbau GmbH (DLMG) in Kleinmachnow employed around 5,000 people, more than half of whom were forced laborers , prisoners of war, and female concentration camp prisoners, including many women from the Warsaw Uprising . They had to produce accessories for German Luftwaffe aircraft. In Hildesheim,

5060-479: The United States $ 327.5 million as compensation for its role in devising the software. Bosch also provided emissions software for Fiat Chrysler's 3.0 L V6 diesel engine used in 100,000 model year 2014–2016 Grand Cherokee SUVs and Ram Trucks and agreed to pay affected consumers $ 27.5 million as part of a broader settlement in January 2019. In May 2019, Bosch paid another $ 100 million fine for its connection to

5152-412: The camshaft box, with a further pipe running from a small plenum chamber on the rocker cover. The 1.8-liter versions appeared first in carburetted form (18N) in 1982 and later also in injected (18LE) and further forms. The 2-liter 20NE was introduced in 1986 for the Opel Omega A (Vauxhall Carlton Mk2) and Ascona C3 (Vauxhall Cavalier Mk2c) and served as the base from which the updated 20SEH, and ultimately

5244-455: The cast metal spark plug cover for a cheaper (and less regarded) plastic version. Those used round tooth cambelts while the later used square (with a plastic pre-tensioner). There are also subtle differences between the crankshaft, and visible difference in the pattern of the SFi airbox. In its last version before production ended, the C20XE came with a new engine management system which included

5336-473: The company grew very rapidly after 1900. While Bosch had a workforce of 45 in 1901, it had grown to more than 1,000 by 1908. In 1913, Bosch founded an apprentice workshop in order to recruit qualified young people for the production of automotive electrics. Bosch's international development began in 1898 with the opening of a branch in London, followed the next year by Paris, Vienna, and Budapest. By 1909, Bosch

5428-428: The cylinder. Power output was rated at 157 bhp. The later engine were suffixed C20XELN to indicate "Low Noise" revisions (smaller cylinder head port, cast pistons, and different crank bearing size) in line with EU regulations In 1988 the C20XE was introduced, and was fitted with a catalyst and oxygen sensor in the exhaust. This was due to new emission standards, which forced manufacturers to equip their cars with

5520-444: The distributor fouling the firewall or being impossible to service. In 1983, the 1.8 L engine was added to certain North American market J-cars; the engines were imported from Brazil. The LA5 ( RPO code ) is a turbocharged version that was optional in the North American market from 1984. S18E Opel Kadett E turbocharged The single overhead camshaft 1,998 cc (121.9 cu in) inline four cylinder engines feature

5612-700: The division's focal points is convenient, high-performance cordless tools, and increasingly also web-enabled tools and services. Overlapping with its mobility interests, it provides traction motors for electric bicycles with sophisticated control systems. The Consumer Goods business sector also includes BSH Hausgeräte GmbH, which offers a broad range of modern, energy-efficient, and increasingly connected household appliances. Its products range from washing machines and tumble dryers through refrigerators and freezers, stoves and ovens, and dishwashers, to small appliances such as vacuum cleaners , coffee makers , and food processors . Brands in this sector include: In 2019,

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5704-601: The electric hydraulic brake, common rail fuel injection with piezo-injectors, digital car radio with a disc drive, and the cordless screwdriver with a lithium-ion battery in 2003. In 2004, Bosch bought Sigpack Systems from SIG . Bosch received the Deutsche Zukunftspreis (German Future Prize) from the German president in 2005 and 2008. A new development center was planned in 2008 in Renningen . In 2014,

5796-509: The energy source. The new division resulted from the merger of the former Gasoline Systems and Diesel Systems divisions. It offers products for powertrain technology, from gasoline and diesel direct injection to electrified powertrains with battery systems and, in the future, it will offer fuel-cell technologies as well. Brands within this sector include: In the 2019 business year, the Industrial Technology business sector generated roughly 10 percent of total Bosch Group sales. The sector includes

5888-498: The engine have ranged from hillclimb events, to open wheel racing categories. Despite its age, it remains the powerplant of choice for many Formula 3 teams and has most recently found acclaim in the Australian F3 scene where Tim Macrow, the 2007 Australian F3 champion, drove an Opel-Spiess powered car to claim victory. Tuned by Spiess, an F3 grade C20XE is easily capable of producing 250 bhp (190 kW) in its naturally aspirated form. Many aftermarket tuners have further developed

5980-454: The engine were equipped with a separate jockey pulley to combat the issue. The 1.6-liter iteration (1,598 cc or 97.5 cu in) has an 80.0 mm (3.15 in) bore and a 79.5 mm (3.13 in) stroke. Opel began production of the 1.6-liter engine in 1980. A diesel fueled version also became available. The diesel produced 54 PS (40 kW) at 4600 rpm and 70.8 lb⋅ft (96.0 N⋅m) of torque at 2400 rpm. It also had

6072-407: The engine's immense prominence and demand, many businesses now specialize in the repair of porous GM C20XE/LET heads – by either sleeving the affected gallery or by injecting a polymer based substance into the porous region. Reportedly, a small number of total GM C20XE cylinder heads ever exhibited significant symptoms of porosity. The C20XE has seen extensive use in motorsport. Typical uses for

6164-455: The first departments moved to the new center, while the remaining departments followed in 2015. In 2006, Bosch acquired Telex Communications and Electro-Voice . In 2009, Bosch invested about 3.6 billion Euro in development and research. Approximately 3900 patents are published per year. In addition to increasing energy efficiency by employing renewable energies, the company plans to invest in new areas such as biomedical engineering . China

6256-777: The gas appliances production from Junkers & Co. in 1932, as a part of a diversification strategy. In 1932, the company developed its first electric drill and presented its first car radio. In 1933, Bosch presented its first electric refrigerator for private households. In late 1933 negotiations between Robert Bosch AG and the Nazi Party began on relocating parts of armaments production to Germany's interior. Bosch founded two such alternative plants in 1935 and 1937: Dreilinden Maschinenbau GmbH in Kleinmachnow near Berlin and Elektro- und Feinmechanische Industrie GmbH (later Trillke-Werke GmbH) in Hildesheim . Both plants were used exclusively for armament production. These "shadow factories" were built under great secrecy and in close cooperation with

6348-437: The heads from this lineup are supposed to flow appreciablу better than their Lotus successors. The 20XE came into production in 1987. The engine was designed by Cosworth, UK. The engine was originally intended for race application, hence Cosworth 's involvement. At the time of its launch, this engine was something of a milestone unit in Europe and was widely used in motorsport in many specialist race versions. The engine had

6440-502: The last years of the war, no new German tank ever drove without the starter elements from the Bosch factory in Hildesheim. Bosch also had a monopoly position in the outfitting of German Luftwaffe aircraft. During the war, production was further decentralized, Bosch produced in an ever larger number of factories, and relocated parts of its production to 213 plants in more than 100 locations. In 2001, Bosch acquired Mannesmann Rexroth AG , which they later renamed to Bosch Rexroth AG . In

6532-441: The liquid metal into the mold rather than pouring it, hence, minimizing the presence of tiny air bubbles that usually form during the standard casting process. The Coscast head can be identified by a Coscast logo which is stamped under the 3rd exhaust port and a ridge on the head under the distributor. The GM head was a poured casting, and featured a slightly different oil/water gallery design. These design changes required that

6624-554: The necessary code. Bosch was apparently concerned about the legality of the software and asked Volkswagen to assume responsibility if the fraud was discovered, but Volkswagen refused. Starting in 2008, Bosch supplied approximately 17 million motor control and mixture control devices containing illegal software to various manufacturers both domestically and globally. With such software, the automobiles fitted with Bosch's devices emitted more nitrogen oxides than allowed under regulations. On 1 February 2017, Bosch agreed to pay consumers in

6716-411: The next four years. They will be opening two new facilities for manufacturing a computer chip development in the cities of Dresden and Reutlingen. Chairman Stefan Hartung said the company is not interested in building cutting-edge semiconductor facilities but focuses on 40 and 200-nanometer chips used in the automotive industry . In September 2023, it was announced Bosch had completed the acquisition of

6808-433: The original 20XE/C20XE these were intended more for mainstream application (as opposed to racing and high-performance applications) in response to tightening emissions standards, and to reflect the overall family car market moving towards multivalve technology as was being increasingly found in competing vehicles. Again, these engines have no commonality with the later GM Ecotec engine introduced in 1999 , and first used in

6900-552: The original design include under-piston oil cooling, a revised turbocharger unit and the deletion of the contra-rotating balancer shafts in the 240 hp (179 kW) Z20LEH engine (as used in the Astra VXR), to reduce mechanical losses. The Z20LEH also features high quality Mahle forged pistons, which are much stronger than the cast pistons fitted to the Z20LET, Z20LEL and Z20LER. The 2.0-litre X20SED D-TEC 16 Valve DOHC MPFi

6992-422: The other two. Since an engine's oil circulates at much higher pressures than its coolant, oil in a porous head has a tendency to gradually seep into the coolant galleries. A typical symptom of a porous head is usually a ' mayonnaise '-like substance forming somewhere inside the cooling system (usually, this can be found residing on the coolant reservoir cap). However, depending on the degree of porosity, symptoms of

7084-408: The primary throttle body. This is closed by a motor/arm assembly when the traction control ECU senses loss of grip/spin at the wheels. The engine was also equipped with a different throttle position sensor (six pin, as opposed to three), and a different coolant temperature sensor (which was black, as opposed to the normal light blue colour). The engines that appeared in the early 1990s also swapped

7176-530: The same year, the company opened a new testing center in Vaitoudden, close to Arjeplog in north Sweden. A new developing center in Abstatt , Germany followed in 2004. In 2002, Bosch acquired Philips CSI, which at the time was manufacturing a broad range of professional communication and security products and systems including CCTV , congress, and public address systems. In the 2000s the company developed

7268-568: The servicing requirements of the older overhead valve units that the Family I/II replaced) would often exacerbate the problem by changing the oil themselves within the running in period. Opel solved the problem by improving the metallurgy of the camshaft and followers, and changing the lubrication specification. Another issue (also common to the Family II), revolved around the water pump, which sits in an eccentric shaped housing and doubles as

7360-416: The smallest capacities of the Family II have also been manufactured with larger capacity versions of the Family I block. Early build versions of the engine gained a notorious reputation for camshaft and follower failure – this was largely due to a special lubricant being used in the engine during the running in period, which would be changed for conventional oil at the first service. Many owners (familiar with

7452-466: The timing belt tensioner. If poor quality antifreeze (or if no antifreeze was used), corrosion would jam the water pump in its housing making it impossible to tension the belt. Later versions of the engine incorporate a separate tensioning/jockey pulley for tensioning the belt. GM do Brasil specializes in SOHC , petrol-powered and FlexPower (powered with ethanol and/or petrol, mixed in any percentage) engines. GM Brasil also made 16-valve versions of

7544-571: The vehicle will still comply with MOT regulations. The C20LET engine was introduced in 1992, and was fitted to the Opel / Vauxhall Vectra Turbo / Cavalier Turbo , Calibra Turbo , and the South African made Opel Astra 200t S . It is similar to the C20XE, apart from the primary addition of a KKK -16 turbocharger , forged Mahle pistons , Bosch Motronic M2.7 electronic engine control unit , and black plastic plenum/'top hat' shroud with

7636-640: Was also exported for use in the Brazilian Corsa GSi. Applications: Updated version introduced from 2000, with lighter cast-iron cylinder block and camshaft driven by toothed belt . Features EGR valve and electronic throttle for reduced emissions. Ecotec TwinPort Family 1 engine (Z16XEP) is used in: Daewoo Motors licensed and produced a variant of the Family 1 engine. These engines were built exclusively at Bupyeong engine plant and marketed as E-TEC . Like all Family 1 engines they feature

7728-578: Was available in silver only). 1994 saw the introduction of the Ecotec series - which again consisted of a DOHC 16-valve cylinder head (this time co-developed with Lotus) mounted atop a development of the Family II block. The 2-liter versions therefore became the X20XEV , now producing 136 hp (101 kW) and taking on the GM Ecotec name. In its final, 1999 iteration, it became the X20XER . unlike

7820-544: Was built by Holden and used in the Daewoo Nubira . GM Family 1 engine The GM Family I is a straight-four piston engine that was developed by Opel , a former subsidiary of General Motors and now a subsidiary of PSA Group , to replace the Vauxhall OHV, Opel OHV and the smaller capacity Opel CIH engines for use on small to mid-range cars from Opel / Vauxhall . The engine first appeared in

7912-550: Was called the 12ST (also A12ST and S12ST in versions for the Austrian, Swiss, and Swedish markets), it used a 77.8 mm (3.06 in) bore and a 62.9 mm (2.48 in) stroke to produce a displacement of 1,196 cc (73.0 cu in). This version, only carburetted, was used in the Opel Corsa . In around 1990 a new, version with 72.0 mm × 73.4 mm (2.83 in × 2.89 in) bore and stroke,

8004-480: Was equipped with exhaust gas recirculation ( EGR ) to reduce nitrogen dioxide emissions and air injection reactor (AIR) to speed up the warming up of the catalytic converter and to reduce unburnt hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide . The engine is capable of producing 100  kW (136  PS ; 134  bhp ). A higher output version called the X20XER produced 118 kW (158 hp) at 6500 rpm and 188 N⋅m (139 lb⋅ft) at 4300 rpm. The Z20LET

8096-507: Was made available for the taxi market which could use gasoline, alcohol, and natural gas . These engines formed the basis of the modern Family II lineup, starting with the 16SH (1600S) version in the Opel Kadett D/Ascona C (Vauxhall Astra Mk1/Cavalier Mk2) in 1981. Configuration was limited to a single over head cam, and two valves per cylinder in a cross flow layout (8 valves total). Superficially these engines look similar to

8188-721: Was portrayed as the world’s No. 1 company for packaging technology . In 2018, Bosch decided to look for a new owner for this business. Bosch's in-house provider of assembly systems, Robert Bosch Manufacturing Solutions GmbH, Stuttgart, remains part of the Bosch Group; up to now, it has been part of the Packaging Technology division. In addition, the Bosch Connected Industry business unit, which develops software and carries out Industry 4.0 projects for internal and external customers, has been part of

8280-555: Was replaced with a front section used also in Opel Astra, probably as a cost-saving measure. Applications: The first generation Ecotec engines are belt-driven 16-valve DOHC engines, with cast-iron cylinder blocks and aluminum cross-flow cylinder heads . They feature sodium-filled exhaust valves , a cast steel crankshaft , and a spheroidal graphite flywheel . They also feature exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), secondary air injection , and Multec M engine control with sequential multiport fuel injection . The 1.6 L version

8372-881: Was represented by trading partners on every continent: in 1906 in New York (U.S.) and Johannesburg (South Africa), in 1907 in Sydney (Australia), in 1908 in Buenos Aires (Argentina), in 1909 in Shanghai (China), in 1910 in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), and in 1911 in Tokyo (Japan). Bosch opened the first factory outside Germany in Paris, in 1905, and the first on another continent in 1912 in Springfield, Massachusetts (USA). In 1917, Bosch

8464-568: Was transformed into a corporation and remained so until 1937, when Robert Bosch became the sole owner again after buying back his shares. In the process, the company became a limited liability company (GmbH). After the First World War, Bosch lost most of its international holdings, including its U.S. factories. The company had to largely rebuild its international activities. This included opening up further South American and Asian regions. In 1922, for example, Illies & Company established

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