The GM Ecotec engine , also known by its codename L850 , is a family of all-aluminium inline-four engines , displacing between 1.2 and 2.5 litres. Confusingly, the Ecotec name was also applied to both the Buick V6 Engine when used in Holden Vehicles, as well as the final DOHC derivatives of the previous GM Family II engine ; the architecture was substantially re-engineered for this new Ecotec application produced since 2000. This engine family replaced the GM Family II engine, the GM 122 engine , the Saab H engine , and the Quad 4 engine . It is manufactured in multiple locations, to include Spring Hill Manufacturing , in Spring Hill, Tennessee , with engine blocks and cylinder heads cast at Saginaw Metal Casting Operations in Saginaw, Michigan .
45-1090: The " Ecotec " name was adopted in 1994 for the new generation of Family II engines (2000 in North America) . The name was already used for the Opel GM Family II engine, Family 1 and Family 0 ranges. GM intended this new Ecotec to become its global 4-cylinder, and it has already fully replaced their OHV I4 line. The Ecotec engine is a DOHC 4-valve design with a lost foam cast aluminium block and head (L850 for 86 mm bore applications, and L880 for 88 mm bore), designed for displacements from 1.8 to 2.4 L. Development began in 1994, by an international team of engineers and technicians from Opel 's International Technical Development Center in Rüsselsheim , Germany, GM Powertrain in Pontiac, Michigan , and Saab in Södertälje , Sweden. Much of
90-490: A rotacast aluminium-alloy (A356T6) cylinder head with sodium-filled exhaust valves. Maximum engine speed is listed at 7000 rpm. A successor to the LTG debuted in the 2019 Cadillac XT4 and the 2019 Cadillac CT6 . The LSY adds Active Fuel Management and a start-stop system , putting more priority to fuel economy than performance. Peak output is lower than the LTG, but is achieved at lower rpm for both power and torque. Bore
135-412: A 32-bit computer, and improved emissions performance. Bore and stroke are 86 mm (3.4 in) and 94.6 mm (3.72 in), the same as the 2.2 L L61 . Compression ratio is 10.0:1. Major features that set it apart from the 2.2 L L61 are variable-valve-timing and other cylinder head improvements from the 2.4 L LE5 . The LE8 is an E85-compatible 2.2 L (2,198 cc) version of
180-466: A 5-speed manual transmission and a final belt drive. The Slingshot is a three-wheeled side-by-side street vehicle, classed as a motorcycle. The LAT is the designation used for the 2.4 L LE5 when used in GM's BAS mild-hybrid vehicles. The LE9 is an E85-compatible version of the 2.4 L (2,384 cc) LE5 Ecotec. Bore and stroke are 88 mm (3.5 in) and 98 mm (3.9 in) and has
225-484: A compression ratio of 10.4:1, the same as the LE5. The LAF is a direct injected 2.4 L. It uses technology based on GM's other four-cylinder direct-injection applications, but with unique features designed for its specific application. This includes an 11.2:1 compression ratio that helps build power, slightly dished pistons that increase combustion efficiency and injectors with an application-specific flow rate. The LEA
270-457: A compression ratio of 12.0:1, and has been available in: The Ecotec 2.2 , model L42 is a version of the Ecotec 2.2 designed to run on compressed natural gas (CNG). It delivers 129 hp (96 kW) and 129 lb⋅ft (175 N⋅m). It is used in the 2003–2004 Chevrolet Cavalier . A turbocharged direct-injected (redubbed Spark Ignition Direct Injection ) Ecotec was introduced in
315-464: A coolant capacity increase of 0.5 liters. In December 2008, GM released a Turbo Upgrade Kit for the LNF engine which increases horsepower to 290 hp (220 kW) and torque to up to 340 lb⋅ft (460 N⋅m), depending on the model. The kit retailed for $ 650 and includes remapped engine calibration and upgraded 3 MAP sensors. The kit is covered by the cars' existing GM warranties. Boost pressure
360-595: A female householder with no husband present, and 41.4% were non-families. In 2009, citizen environmental monitoring of air quality problems resulted in an investigation by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) into emissions from Tonawanda Coke Corporation (TCC), a producer of foundry coke located on River Road, Tonawanda. In 1998 TCC had been cited by the EPA for violations of oil spill prevention sections of
405-772: A museum out of a former German Evangelical Church constructed in 1849. This facility, located at 100 Knoche Road, is the oldest public building in the town. Tonawonda Town is mostly located in Kenmore-Tonawanda Union Free School District , while a portion is in Sweet Home Central School District . Tonawanda has two public high schools, both in the Kenmore-Tonawanda UFSD: Kenmore West Senior High School and Kenmore East High School . The town
450-439: A revised cylinder head (enlarged exhaust ports) and camshaft design (increased exhaust valve duration). The engine also switched from wasted spark ignition to individual coil-on-plug ignition; this forced the cam cover to be redesigned. It was also switched to an E37 engine controller with new crank and cam sensors (replacing timing sensor previously found in ignition cassette). These changes increase horsepower slightly and allow
495-550: A revised valve train. The timing chain and timing gears are also new, along with Saab's Direct Ignition system. The reinforcements, turbocharging, intercooling, internals, dual overhead camshaft, and such were developed by GM Powertrain Sweden (Saab Automobile Powertrain). It features an 86 mm (3.4 in) bore and stroke and a 9.5:1 compression ratio. Maximum power is 210 hp (160 kW) at 5300 rpm and 221 lb⋅ft (300 N⋅m) of torque at 2500 rpm. Maximum boost
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#1732780163652540-487: Is 10.4:1. Power is 164–177 hp (123–132 kW) and torque is 159–170 lb·ft (215–230 N·m). The engine uses a reinforced "Gen II" block. Connecting rods are GKN-forged; C70 powdered metal was used from July 2007 on. The LE5 is also used in the following overseas models: The LE5 or a close variant is also used in the Polaris Slingshot (announced July 27, 2014), coupled with
585-510: Is 12.3 psi (0.85 bar). Applications: The LSJ is a supercharged version of the LK9 Ecotec 2.0 L (1,998 cc) with an Eaton M62 Roots-type supercharger and air-to-liquid intercooler . The LSJ shares many of its components with the LK9 such as: piston cooling jets, oil cooler, pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft, oil pan, sodium-filled exhaust valves and cylinder head. It
630-454: Is 83.0 mm (3.27 in) and stroke is 92.3 mm (3.63 in). This engine is used in some GM vehicles in the U.S and as the standard engine option in China. First appearing in the 2013 Chevrolet Malibu and 2013 Cadillac ATS , the 2.5 L Gen III block has been reworked to reduce engine noise and vibrations, while improving fuel economy and low-end torque. LCV is scheduled to replace
675-544: Is also available in the Cadillac XTS and Cadillac XT5 for the Chinese market. Bore and stroke are both 86.0 mm (3.39 in), and compression is 9.5:1. The engine uses a twin-scroll turbocharger with electronically-controlled wastegate/bypass valve, air-to-air intercooler, stainless-steel dual-scroll (1–4, 2–3) exhaust manifold designed to withstand 980 °C (1,800 °F) turbine temperature, and
720-556: Is an E85 compatible variant of the LAF. Bore, stroke, and compression ratio all remain the same. Maximum engine speed is listed at 7000 rpm. The LUK is similar to the LAF, but adds the eAssist mild-hybrid system. Maximum engine speed is listed at 7000 rpm. A 2.0 L (1,998 cc) turbocharged direct-injection version of the Gen III Ecotec was available in the 2013 Cadillac ATS and Chevrolet Malibu . This engine
765-483: Is at 6300 rpm and premium fuel is recommended. The sodium filled exhaust valves were based on technology developed for the Corvette V8 powertrains. The sodium fuses and becomes a liquid at idle, which improves thermal conductivity and draws heat away from the valve face and valve guide towards the stem to be cooled by the engine oil circulating in this area. The camshaft-driven direct injection systems pressurizes
810-621: Is land and 1.5 square miles (4.0 km ), or 7.61%, is water. The northern border of the town is the city of Tonawanda and Tonawanda Creek , which is part of the Erie Canal, and the western border is the Niagara River . Ellicott Creek flows parallel to Tonawanda Creek in the northern part of the town, with a confluence just east of the Niagara River. The eastern border, marked by U.S. Route 62 (Niagara Falls Boulevard),
855-658: Is now the city of Tonawanda . The Town of Tonawanda is located at the former west-southwest shore of glacial Lake Tonawanda . The lake followed the southern side of the Niagara Escarpment and drained when Lake Erie 's hydrological path started to go over Niagara Falls . This area was under French control from the 17th century until it was ceded to the British after the French and Indian War . The first European settlers arrived around 1805. Rapid growth began after
900-545: Is often called, has been on loan to the town from the U.S. government since May 1959. Immediately behind the F9F-6P airframe is the Town of Tonawanda Veterans Memorial , dedicated on August 18, 2009. Retired U.S. Army General and former U.S. Secretary of State Colin L. Powell delivered the keynote address during the memorial's dedication ceremony before a crowd of more than 1,500. The Town of Tonawanda Historical Society operates
945-677: Is rated at 205 hp (153 kW) at 5600 rpm and 200 lb⋅ft (271 N⋅m) at 4400 rpm with a compression ratio of 9.5:1 and a 6450 rpm redline. With the end of the Chevy Cobalt S/C SS and Saturn Ion Red Line, the LSJ was discontinued after 2007. In late 2005 Brammo Motorsports struck a deal with GM for the Supercharged 2.0 L Ecotec for their Ariel Atom . The engine came in various ratings from 205 hp (153 kW) to 300 hp (224 kW). The LSJ
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#1732780163652990-419: Is the town of Amherst . Forming the southern border is the village of Kenmore and the city of Buffalo. As of the census of 2010, there were 78,155 people, 33,278 households, and 21,164 families residing in the town. The population density was 4,156.3 inhabitants per square mile (1,604.8/km ). There were 34,634 housing units at an average density of 1,841.8 per square mile (711.1/km ). The racial makeup of
1035-509: The LAP Ecotec. Bore and stroke remain the same 86 mm (3.4 in) and 94.6 mm (3.72 in). Compression ratio is 10.0:1 and the engine can run on both regular unleaded gasoline or E85. The LE5 is a larger 2.4 L (2,384 cc) version of the Ecotec. Both the 88 mm (3.5 in) bore and 98 mm (3.9 in) stroke are larger, and Variable Valve Timing on the intake and exhaust improve low-end torque. Compression
1080-652: The Quad-4 and the GM 122 engines and first appeared in the 2000 Saturn L-Series . The L61 is a 2.2 L (2,198 cc) version with a lost-foam cast aluminium cylinder head and block; it features an 86 mm (3.4 in) bore and 94.6 mm (3.72 in) stroke and either a 9.5:1 compression ratio or a 10.0:1. The engine is 665 mm (26.2 in) in length, 642 mm (25.3 in) in width, 655 mm (25.8 in) in height and approximately 139 kg (306 lb). The Ecotec 2.2 , model L61 first appeared in
1125-490: The Town of Tonawanda ; Tuscarora : Tahnawáteh ) is a town in Erie County , New York , United States. As of the 2020 census, the town had a population of 72,636. The town is at the north border of the county and is the northern inner ring suburb of Buffalo . It is sometimes referred to, along with its constituent village of Kenmore , as "Ken-Ton". The town was established in 1836, and up to 1903 it included what
1170-647: The 2000 Saturn LS1 ; the L61-powered Saturn Ion also replaced the Saturn -powered Saturn S-Series . There are a few variations to the standard L61. The 2003 Saturn L-Series has a high output version with higher (10:1) compression and more aggressive camshaft . The 2004–2008 Chevrolet Malibu uses a version with electronic throttle control and a special unitized exhaust manifold and catalytic converter . The Malibu and Saturn versions also use return-less fuel injection . The 2002 Saturn VUE
1215-429: The 2007 Pontiac Solstice GXP and Saturn Sky Red Line . In these applications, the engine is mounted longitudinally. Displacement is 2.0 L (1,998 cc) with a square 86 mm (3.4 in) bore and stroke. Compression is 9.2:1 and maximum boost is 20 psi (1.4 bar), delivering 260 hp (190 kW) at 5300 rpm and 260 lb⋅ft (350 N⋅m) of torque from 2500 to 5250 rpm. Engine redline
1260-512: The CAA, one count of obstruction of justice and three counts of violating the RCRA, and was sentenced to one year in prison, 100 hours of community service, and a $ 20,000 fine. In July 2014 DuPont was fined $ 440,000 for violations of the CAA at its plant at Sheridan Drive and River Road. The EPA found that the plant had inadequate pollution-control equipment, failed to maintain a monitoring system for
1305-663: The ECM, can create a 2.2 supercharged version of this engine. The L61 was used in the following cars: This engine also powered the Japanese-market Subaru Traviq , a badge-engineered Opel Zafira A. Following the GM–Fiat agreement, the 2.2 L engine is also used in: A direct injection version of the 2.2 L (2,198 cc) Ecotec features 153 hp (114 kW) of power at 5600 rpm and 162 lb⋅ft (220 N⋅m) of torque at 3800 rpm with
1350-699: The LDK. This engine is also known as A20NFT by GM Powertrain Europe. Maximum engine speed is listed at 6350 rpm. Unique LHU features include: Note: The A20NFT engine in Opel Astra K TCR is a racing engine and swapped the original direct fuel injection for multi-point fuel injection. In 2007, the L61 received a multitude of changes, that originated from the LE5 . It switched to the higher-strength Gen II block and received
1395-663: The Vectra C and Signum. LK9 is a turbocharged 2.0 L (1,998 cc) version of the L850 (86 mm bore) series Ecotec utilizing an all-new reinforced sand cast aluminium cylinder head and upgraded internal components. The engine features a five-bearing forged steel crankshaft, strengthened connecting rods, redesigned pistons, piston oil cooling jets, reprofiled camshafts and an integrated oil cooler. The exhaust valves are liquid sodium-cooled. All vehicles using this engine feature Saab's Trionic 8 (T8) engine management system as well as
GM Ecotec engine - Misplaced Pages Continue
1440-485: The construction of the Erie Canal , completed in 1825. Tonawanda occupies the northwest corner of Erie County and is bounded on the north by the Erie Canal, which here follows Tonawanda Creek . The town of Tonawanda was established in 1836, by separation from the town of Buffalo (now part of the city of Buffalo). At that time it included land that later became part of the town of Grand Island (established 1852) and
1485-635: The development work on this project was carried out by Lotus Engineering , Hethel, United Kingdom. The engine uses aluminium pistons and cast iron cylinder liners. Vibration is reduced with twin balance shafts . The first engine in the Ecotec Gen I line-up was Ecotec 2.2 L61 , introduced in May 1999. The current Ecotec line is manufactured in Tonawanda, New York . This engine is also known as B207 when used by Saab and Z20NET by Opel for use in
1530-660: The direct-injected 2.4 L throughout North American GM products within a year. Engine production started in April 2012 at GM's Tonawanda Engine plant. Ecotec Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.226 via cp1108 cp1108, Varnish XID 214329083 Upstream caches: cp1108 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 07:49:23 GMT Tonawanda (town), New York Tonawanda (formally
1575-549: The engine to meet PZEV standards. Compression ratio is 10.0:1. The L61 was used in the following cars: The LAP is a 2.2 L (2,198 cc) version of the Ecotec, based on the Gen II block with cylinder head improvements, new camshaft design, E37 engine control module, 58X crankshaft reluctor ring, dual variable valve timing, digital crank and cam sensors, individual coil-on-plug ignition, vented starter solenoid, new MAP sensor, new intake manifold seals, new oil filter element,
1620-512: The entire city of Tonawanda (established 1904). In 1899, Kenmore incorporated as a village of the town, and remained the town's primary residential and commercial district until the rest of the town was heavily developed into suburban housing in the 1940s and 1950s. According to the United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 20.3 square miles (52.5 km ), of which 18.7 square miles (48.5 km )
1665-598: The equipment, violated several reporting requirements and underreported air pollution on its annual statements. Emissions from the plant included methyl methacrylate and vinyl fluoride . One of the Town of Tonawanda's best known landmarks is the blue Korean War -era Grumman F9F-6P Cougar Naval airframe displayed in Walter M. Kenney Field at the northwest corner of Brighton Road and Colvin Boulevard. The "blue jet", as it
1710-401: The federal Clean Water Act following contamination of the nearby Niagara River . The investigations into air quality revealed TCC was using an unreported pressure-relief system to vent coke oven gases containing benzene direct to the atmosphere, operating a coke-quenching tower without pollution-control baffles, and dumping hazardous waste in the form of coal tar sludge. In March 2013 TCC
1755-456: The fuel to 450 psi (31 bar) at idle, and up to 2,250 psi (155 bar) at wide-open throttle. The "Gen II" block is similar to the 2.4 L and also features VVT technology. The Gen II block was developed using data from racing programs and computer simulations. The bore walls and bulkheads were strengthened with a weight increase of 2.5 lb (1.1 kg). The coolant jackets were expanded to improve heat transfer, resulting in
1800-414: The town was 93.01% White , 1.41% Black or African American , 0.30% Native American , 0.40% Asian , 1.30% Pacific Islander , 0.36% from other races , and 1.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.70% of the population. There were 32,951 households, out of which 22.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples living together, 11.6% had
1845-609: The water-pump housing was cast into the block, and the A/C compressor and alternator were mounted directly on the block without brackets. The oil filter housing was cast into the block with a removable cover and replaceable paper element. It did not use an EGR valve. The Ecotec line is manufactured in Tonawanda, New York , and Kaiserslautern, Germany , and was also manufactured for Saturn in Spring Hill, Tennessee , until Saturn's discontinuation. In North America, this engine replaced both
GM Ecotec engine - Misplaced Pages Continue
1890-542: Was convicted by a federal jury on 11 counts of violating the Clean Air Act (CAA) and three counts of violating the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). In March 2014 TCC was sentenced in federal court to pay a $ 12.5 million penalty and $ 12.2 million in community service payments for the violations. TCC's Environmental Control Manager, Mark L. Kamholz, was convicted of 11 counts of violating
1935-459: Was increased from 18psi (1.24 bar) to 21psi (1.44 bar). Unique LNF features include: This engine is used in: An updated variant of the LNF (also with 9.2:1 compression ratio) was released in 2008, meeting the Euro 5 emission standard. This engine is also known as A20NHT by GM Powertrain Europe. Unique LDK features include: This engine is used in: LHU adds E85 flex-fuel capability to
1980-526: Was on the Ward's 10 Best Engines list for 2006. This engine is used in: The basic Family II architecture was substantially re-engineered in 2000 to become the Ecotec Gen I. Unlike its notably harsh predecessor, the engine was designed for smoothness. Dual in-block balance shafts were integral to the design, the power-steering pump was mounted directly to the cylinder head and driven by the intake camshaft,
2025-533: Was the first North American variant of the L61 to be equipped with electronic throttle control , whereas other applications did not arise until 2005 in the Saturn ION and Chevrolet Cobalt . For 2007, introduced an updated version of the L61 based on the Gen II design. The supercharger and inlet manifold from the 2.0 Ecotec LSJ engine can be purchased as an official kit from GM and along with modified software in
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