79-465: Zabaykalsky Krai is a federal subject of Russia (a krai ), located in the Russian Far East . Its administrative center is Chita . As of the 2010 Census , the population was 1,107,107. The krai was created on 1 March 2008, as a result of a merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug after a referendum held on the issue on 11 March 2007. In 2018, the krai became part of
158-696: A democratic presidential or semi-presidential federal republic , proclaiming the Russian Democratic Federal Republic (RDFR) in January 1918. The president of the RDFR would have been the head of state, elected for a one-year term by a majority vote in parliament involving the deputies of both chambers. Due to the dissolution of the assembly by the Bolsheviks and establishment of their one-party dictatorship , no person
237-429: A political party while in office. In 2012, commenting on stepping down from the post of United Russia party leader, Vladimir Putin said "The constitution doesn't forbid the president to be a member of any party, but in the spirit of how our political life has evolved, a president is first and foremost a consolidating figure for all the political forces of the country, for all citizens". National transport services for
316-532: A semi-presidential system which separates the president of Russia from the government of Russia which exercises executive power. In all cases where the president of the Russian Federation is unable to fulfill their duties, those duties shall be temporarily delegated to the prime minister of Russia , who becomes acting president of Russia . The powers of the presidency include: execution of federal law, appointing federal ministers, and members of
395-578: A 2012 survey, 25% of the population of Zabaykalsky Krai adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church , 6.25% to Buddhism , 6% declares to be generically unaffiliated Christian (excluding Protestant churches), 2% is an Orthodox Christian believer without belonging to any church or being member of other (non-Russian) Orthodox churches . In addition, 28% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 17% to be atheist , and 16.15% follows other religion or did not give an answer to
474-528: A crucial role in the dissolution of the Soviet Union which saw the transformation of the RSFSR into the Russian Federation. Following a series of scandals and doubts about his leadership, violence erupted across Moscow in the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis . As a result, a new constitution was implemented and the 1993 Russian Constitution remains in force today. The constitution establishes Russia as
553-404: A decree "On some social guarantees of persons holding public positions of the Russian Federation and the position of federal public servants." 15 June 1999 went to President Yeltsin's decree on amendments and additions to the previous decree. On 11 November 1999 Prime Minister Vladimir Putin signed a decree on the implementation of the amended decree of 15 June 1999. On 31 December 1999, the day of
632-554: A full two terms regardless of their previous terms. In all, three individuals have served four presidencies spanning six full terms. In May 2012, Vladimir Putin became the fourth president; he was re-elected in March 2018 and in March 2024 for two consecutive six-year terms. After the fall of monarchy in 1917, the All-Russian Constituent Assembly , elected later that year, planned on establishing
711-520: A majority only in three of them. Four of those territories have a second official language in addition to Russian: Buryat (in two of the merged territories), Komi-Permian , Koryak . This is an exception: all the other official languages of Russia (other than Russian) are set by the Constitutions of its constituent Republics ( Mordovia , Chechnya , Dagestan etc.). The status of the "administrative-territorial regions with special status" has been
790-455: A new requirement preventing a presidential candidate from ever having foreign citizenship or a foreign residence permit was introduced. The Russian constitution limits the number of terms a president can serve to two terms. Previously, the constitution only limited the president to two consecutive terms, allowing a former president to seek re-election after sitting out one complete term. However, following constitutional changes in 2020, this
869-640: A new subject of the Russian Federation in the merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug", adopted by the State Duma on 5 July 2007. and approved by the Federation Council on 11 July 2007. Large companies in the region include the Priargunskoe Mining and Chemical Association, Territorial Generating Company №14, Novo-Shirokinsky mine, Kharanorskaya State District Power Plant, Kharanorskiy coal mine. Ravil Geniatulin ,
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#1732764986251948-409: A political party with no parliamentary representation is 100,000, down from 2 million before amendments to the law. Terms were extended from four to six years in 2008, during Dmitry Medvedev 's administration. The president is elected in a two-round system every six years, with a two consecutive term limitation. If no candidate wins by an absolute majority in the first round, a second election round
1027-472: A series of economic and political crises in Russia in the 1990s. The Yeltsin era was marked by widespread corruption, economic collapse, and enormous political and social problems. By the time he left office, Yeltsin had an approval rating of two percent by some estimates. Throughout his presidential terms and into his second term as the prime minister , Vladimir Putin has enjoyed high approval ratings amongst
1106-489: A six-year term. Previously, the Constitution established a term limit for the presidency restricting the officeholder to serve no more than two consecutive terms. However, this limitation has since been overhauled in large part due to the constitutional amendments that were ratified in 2020. One of the amendments passed reset the terms of both Vladimir Putin and Dmitry Medvedev , allowing either to serve as president for
1185-420: A subject of criticism because it does not appear in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. In addition to those six territories that entirely ceased to be subjects of the Russian Federation and were downgraded to territories with special status, another three subjects have a status of subject but are simultaneously part of a more populated subject: With an estimated population of 49348 as of 2018, Chukotka
1264-525: A symbol of the Russian Presidency. The Presidential Fanfare is a composition played exclusively for the President of Russia, when they enter a place or an event. As the guarantor of the Constitution and the entire system of constitutional law, the president ensures that the constitutions, laws and regulations of the constituent territories of the Russian Federation be in full compliance with
1343-468: Is currently the least populated subject of Russia that is not part of a more populated subject. It was separated from Magadan Oblast in 1993. Chukotka is one of the richest subjects of Russia (with a Gross Regional Product [GRP] per capita equivalent to that of Australia) and therefore does not fit in the pattern of merging a subject to benefit from the economic dynamism of the neighbour. In 1992, Ingushetia separated from Chechnya , both to stay away from
1422-405: Is held between two candidates with the most votes. The last presidential election was in 2024 , and the next is in 2030. The inauguration of the president of Russia is conducted six years after the previous inauguration (since 2000, on 7 May). If the president is chosen in an early election, they are scheduled to take the oath thirty days after the announcement of the results. Before executing
1501-630: Is the Senate building (also known as 1st building) in the Moscow Kremlin complex. Also the president can use the Grand Kremlin Palace (used for official ceremonies and meetings). Previously, the president also could use the so-called 14th Administrative Corpus Building (the reserve residence), but in 2016 it was demolished. Since 2000 the current home residence of the president is Novo-Ogaryovo ( Russian : Ново-Огарёво ). It
1580-501: The Constitution of Russia from Russian to English uses the term "constituent entities of the Russian Federation". For example, Article 5 reads: "The Russian Federation shall consist of republics , krais , oblasts , cities of federal significance , an autonomous oblast , and autonomous okrugs , which shall have equal rights as constituent entities of the Russian Federation." A translation provided by Garant-Internet instead uses
1659-561: The Constitution of Russia , the federation consists of republics , krais , oblasts , cities of federal importance , an autonomous oblast , and autonomous okrugs , all of which are equal subjects of the federation. Every federal subject has its own head , a parliament , and a constitutional court. Each subject has its own constitution or charter and legislation, although the authority of these organs differ. Subjects have equal rights in relations with federal government bodies. The subjects have equal representation – two delegates each – in
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#17327649862511738-491: The Far Eastern Federal District . The krai is located within the historical region of Transbaikalia (Dauria) and has extensive international borders with China ( Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang ) (998 km) and Mongolia ( Dornod Province , Khentii Province and Selenge Province ) (868 km); its internal borders are with Irkutsk Oblast and Amur Oblast , as well as with Buryatia and
1817-673: The Federal State Council and the supreme commander-in-chief of the Russian Armed Forces . It is the highest office in Russia. The modern incarnation of the office emerged from the president of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). In 1991, Boris Yeltsin was elected president of the RSFSR, becoming the first non-Communist Party member to be elected into a major Soviet political role. He played
1896-562: The Federation Council , the upper house of the Federal Assembly . They differ in the degree of autonomy they enjoy; republics are offered more autonomy. Post-Soviet Russia formed during the history of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic within the USSR and did not change at the time of the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. In 1992, during the so-called " parade of sovereignties ", separatist sentiments and
1975-527: The Sakha Republic . The Khentei-Daur Highlands are located at the southwestern end. The Ivan-Arakhley Lake System is a group of lakes lying west of Chita. The first traces of human presence in the area dates to 35 to 150 thousand years ago. Early evidence was found on the surface of ancient river gravels Gyrshelunki (tributary of the Khilok River) near the city of Chita , near Ust-Menza on
2054-574: The War of Laws within Russia, the Russian regions signed the Federation Treaty ( Russian : Федеративный договор , romanized : Federativnyy dogovor ), establishing and regulating the current inner composition of Russia, based on the division of authorities and powers among Russian government bodies and government bodies of constituent entities. The Federation Treaty was included in
2133-569: The presidential standard on the empennage instead of the flag of Russia . In the spring of 2013 a helipad was constructed in the Moscow Kremlin . According to the chief of the Kremlin Property Agency construction of a helicopter pad for the president cost 200 million rubles (about $ 6.4 mln). The helipad is located in the Kremlin's Tainitsky Garden close to exterior walls. On 16 August 1995, President Boris Yeltsin signed
2212-419: The 2000s, following the policies of Vladimir Putin and of the ruling United Russia party, the Russian parliament changed the distribution of tax revenues, reduced the number of elections in the regions and gave more power to the federal authorities. The Russian Federation was composed of 89 federal subjects in 1993. Mergers reduced the number to 83 by 2008. Russia annexed Crimea from Ukraine in 2014, with
2291-595: The 2021 Census, Russians made up 89.2% of the population while Buryats were 7.4%. Other significant groups were Armenians (0.3%), Tatars (0.3%), Ukrainians (0.2%), Kyrgyz (0.2%) and Uzbeks (0.2%). 118,477 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group. Vital statistics for 2022: Total fertility rate (2022): 1.69 children per woman Life expectancy (2021): Total — 66.82 years (male — 62.28, female — 71.54) As of
2370-553: The Armed Forces. Furthermore, several articles of the Defence Statute enable the president to order a general or partial mobilization of the military, announce martial law , oversee the war industry and make regulations. A 2020 military doctrine governs the use of Russian nuclear arms ; it allows the president to launch atomic weapons in response to WMD or ballistic missile strikes, attacks that threaten
2449-710: The Chikoy River. Based on toponyms, Zabaykalsky might have once been inhabited by a non documented, extinct Yeniseian language . Mongolic-related Slab Grave cultural monuments are found in Baikal territory. The territory of Zabaykalsky Krai has been governed by the Xiongnu Empire (209 BC-93 CE) and Mongolian Xianbei state (93-234), Rouran Khaganate (330–555), Mongol Empire (1206–1368) and Northern Yuan (1368–1691). Medieval Mongol tribes like Merkit , Tayichiud , Jalairs and Khamag Mongols inhabited in
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2528-464: The Constitution, the president exercises their right to submit draft legislation , as well as the right to sign bills into law or to veto them. The president has the right to suspend laws and regulations issued by executive bodies of Russia's constituent territories if such laws and regulations contravene the Constitution, federal laws or international obligations of the Russian Federation, or violate human and civil rights and liberties, pending
2607-569: The Governor of Chita Oblast, was elected Governor of Zabaykalsky Krai on 5 February 2008, by the majority of the deputies of both Chita Oblast Duma and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug Duma . He assumed the post on 1 March 2008. United Russia candidate Natalia Zhdanova was elected governor with 54% of the vote on 18 September 2016. Population: 1,004,125 ( 2021 Census ) ; 1,107,107 ( 2010 Census ) ; 1,155,346 ( 2002 Census ) ; 1,377,975 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . According to
2686-549: The Presidential website, the emblem is placed inside the Kremlin and is used only on certain occasions. The standard is a square version of the Russian flag , charged in the center with the Russian coat of arms. Golden fringe is added to the standard. Copies of the standard are used inside their office, at the Kremlin, other state agencies, and while the president is traveling in a vehicle inside Russia. A 2:3 ratio version of
2765-459: The Russian Federation is more appropriate than subject of the Russian Federation ( subject would be OK for a monarchy)". Each federal subject belongs to one of the following types: a. The largest city is also listed when it is different from the capital/administrative centre. b. According to Article 13 of the Charter of Leningrad Oblast, the governing bodies of
2844-488: The Russian Federation include the title of Hero of the Russian Federation , Hero of Labour of the Russian Federation as well as orders, medals, emblems and honorary titles. New state honors and awards can be established by the president, who also presents these honors to the recipients in an official ceremony. A Commission for State Honors, which works on a voluntary basis, helps the president to objectively assess potential recipients. The primary working president's residence
2923-471: The Russian government claiming Sevastopol and the Republic of Crimea to be the 84th and 85th federal subjects of Russia, a move that is not recognized internationally. During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , four Ukrainian oblasts were annexed by Russia, though they remain internationally recognized as part of Ukraine and are only partially occupied by Russia. An official government translation of
3002-558: The Russian president and the presidential state car are provided by the Special Purpose Garage (SPG). The SPG is a unit within the Federal Protective Service . Air transport services for the president are provided by the airline company Rossiya Airlines . The presidential aircraft uses the same colour scheme as standard Rossiya aircraft, except for the use of the Russian coat of arms or
3081-711: The Russian public. During his eight years in office, the Russian economy bounced back from crisis, seeing the country's GDP increase sixfold (72% in PPP ), poverty cut more than half and average monthly salaries increase from $ 80 to $ 640, or by 150% in real rates. At the same time, his conduct in office has been questioned by domestic dissenters, as well as foreign governments and human rights organizations, for his handling of internal conflicts in Chechnya and Dagestan , his record on internal human rights and freedoms, his relations with former Soviet republics , and his relations with
3160-548: The Soviet Union , the Union republics also began to introduce the post of President. To do this, a referendum was held in the Russian SFSR, in which 71% of voters voted for the creation of the post of President, elected in direct elections. On 12 June 1991 Yeltsin was elected president of the Russian SFSR with 57% of the vote, becoming the first popularly elected president. However, Yeltsin never recovered his popularity after
3239-471: The bounds of the authority granted to the head of state by the Constitution and other laws, the president also shapes the basic domestic policy guidelines by issuing legal regulations and through organizational and regulatory activity, such as issuing decrees and executive orders. Each year the president is required to make an Address to the Federal Assembly regarding the situation in the country and
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3318-667: The chairman of Gazprom 's board of directors , a post he had held, for the second time, since 2000. On 10 December 2007, he was informally endorsed as a candidate for the forthcoming presidential elections by the most prominent Russian political party , United Russia , and officially endorsed on 17 December 2007. Medvedev's candidacy was supported by outgoing president Vladimir Putin and pro-presidential parties . As technocrat and political appointee , Medvedev – Putin's former chief of staff and one-time rival to Sergey Ivanov – had never held elective office before 2009. Medvedev chose Putin as his prime minister; in 2012, Putin ran for
3397-455: The collapse of oil prices stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic . The process was scrapped on 2 July due to its unpopularity among the population. Russian President The President of the Russian Federation (Russian: Президент Российской Федерации , romanized : Prezident Rossiyskoy Federatsii ) is the executive head of state of Russia . The president is the chair of
3476-608: The country's Constitution and federal laws. The president is highly active in appointing top officials in the country. They nominate candidates for official state positions, who must ultimately be appointed based on parliamentary vote. The president submits nominations to the Federation Council , the upper house of the parliament , for judges of the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court , as well as for prosecutor general of Russia . A proposal to relieve
3555-435: The event of their resignation or permanent incapacity for health reasons to exercise the powers belonging to them and their family: Beginning in 1999, all living former presidents were granted a pension, an office, and a staff. The pension has increased numerous times. Retired presidents receive a pension based on the salary of the government. All former presidents, their spouses, and their children until age 16 are protected by
3634-588: The federal subjects were merged into larger territories. In this process, six very sparsely populated subjects (comprising in total 0.3% of the population of Russia) were integrated into more populated subjects, with the hope that the economic development of those territories would benefit from the much larger means of their neighbours. The merging process was finished on 1 March 2008. No new mergers have been planned since March 2008. The six territories became "administrative-territorial regions with special status". They have large proportions of minorities, with Russians being
3713-627: The flag is used when the President is at sea. This is the most used symbol to denote the presence of the Russian President. The President also has a special copy of the Russian Constitution that is used during the inauguration. This copy has a hard, red cover with gold lettering. An image of the Russian coat of arms appears in silver. The special copy is kept in the Presidential Library. These insignia and
3792-403: The form of a circle. A golden wreath is used to connect the cross with the rest of the chain. There are 17 "links" in the emblem, with nine consisting of the Russian coat of arms. The other eight consist of a rosette, also bearing the motto "Benefit, Honor and Glory." At the inauguration of Vladimir Putin, the emblem was placed on a red pillow, positioned on the left side of the podium. According to
3871-541: The former code of 20 for the Chechen Republic was cancelled and replaced with code 95. License plate production was suspended due to the Chechen Wars, causing numerous issues, which in turn forced the region to use a new code. f. Claimed, but only partially controlled by Russia. g. As Russia only partially controls the region, this is a claimed figure. Starting in 2005, some of
3950-732: The growing violence in Chechnya and as a bid to obtain the Eastern part of Northern Ossetia (it did not work: the Chechen conflict spread violence to Ingushetia, and North Ossetia retained its Prigorodny District ). Those two Muslim republics, populated in vast majority (95%+) by closely related Vainakh people , speaking Vainakhish languages , remain the two poorest subjects of Russia, with the GRP per capita of Ingushetia being equivalent to that of Iraq. According to 2016 statistics, however, they are also
4029-465: The integrity of the nuclear arsenal, and attacks that may jeopardise the country as a whole. An important ceremonial role of the president is awarding state awards. State Awards of the Russian Federation are the highest form of official recognition given to individuals for service to the nation in the fields of defense, state-building, economics, science, culture, art, education, health care, public safety, rights advocacy and charity. The state awards of
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#17327649862514108-567: The internal and foreign policy of the state. The president is invested with extensive rights to implement the state's foreign policy. The president determines Russia's position in international affairs , along with the prime minister and the government of the federation, and represents the state in international relations, conducts negotiations and signs ratification documents. The president appoints and recalls diplomatic representatives of Russia to foreign states and international organizations . These appointments are preceded by consultations with
4187-407: The judiciary, and negotiating treaties with foreign powers. The president also has the power to grant federal pardons and reprieves, and to convene and adjourn the Federal Assembly under extraordinary circumstances. The president also appoints the prime minister, who directs domestic policy of the Russian Federation alongside the president. The president is elected directly through a popular vote to
4266-590: The krai. In the 17th century, some or all of Mongolic-speaking Daurs lived along the Shilka , upper Amur , and on the Bureya River . They thus gave their name to the region of Dauria , also called Transbaikal, now the area of Russia east of Lake Baikal . Today Buryat-Mongols remained in the territory of the krai. Preliminary work on the unification of the Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug
4345-513: The oblast are located in the city of Saint Petersburg . However, Saint Petersburg is not officially the administrative centre of the oblast. c. According to Article 24 of the Charter of Moscow Oblast, the governing bodies of the oblast are located in the city of Moscow and throughout the territory of Moscow Oblast. However, Moscow is not officially the administrative centre of the oblast. d. Internationally recognized as part of Ukraine. e. In February 2000,
4424-423: The people. Vacancies in the office of president may arise under several possible circumstances: death, resignation and removal from office . In all cases when the president is unable to perform their duties, their powers are temporarily transferred to the prime minister until the new president takes office. After the oath of office has been taken by the elected president, these following insignia are handed over to
4503-466: The powers of the office, a president is constitutionally required to take the presidential oath: I swear in exercising the powers of the President of the Russian Federation to respect and safeguard the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, to observe and protect the Constitution of the Russian Federation, to protect the sovereignty and independence, security and integrity of the State, to faithfully serve
4582-454: The presidency, won, and appointed Medvedev as prime minister. A presidential candidate must be a citizen of the Russian Federation who is at least 35 years old, has permanently resided in Russia for at least 25 years and does not have and has never previously had foreign citizenship or a foreign residence permit. Following constitutional amendments in 2020, the requirement of permanent residence in Russia increased from 10 years to 25 years and
4661-501: The president in the sphere of legal activities and in their interaction with the parliament include calling elections to the State Duma, dissolving the State Duma in certain cases, and calling a referendum . Under the Constitution, the president is not empowered to determine the full range of short-, middle-, and long-term objectives and targets of domestic policy, but only its basic guidelines. In practice, they determine it with
4740-519: The president. These devices are used to display the rank of their office and are used on special occasions. The first insignia that is issued is the chain of office with an emblem. The central emblem is the red cross of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" , with arms in equal size, charged with the Russian coat of arms . On the reverse of the cross, the words "Benefit, Honor and Glory" appear in
4819-402: The presidential election. The election day is the second Sunday of the month and the presidential electoral constituency is the territory of the Russian Federation as a whole. Each faction in the State Duma , the lower house of the Russian parliament has the right to nominate a candidate for the presidential elections. The minimum number of signatures for a presidential candidate fielded by
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#17327649862514898-448: The prime minister and the government of the federation. They are to be implemented both by the president themself and by the government of Russia within the bounds of their authority. The president's fundamental positions on domestic policy issues are expressed in their written decisions regarding draft federal constitutional laws and draft federal laws, as well as their letters explaining the reasons for rejecting draft federal laws. Within
4977-482: The procedure were established by the presidential decree 1138 from 5 August 1996, and modified by decree 832 from 6 May 2000. In the new decree the special copy of the Constitution was removed as the third symbol of the Russian Presidency; the other two symbols remained intact because they were and are regulated by separate decrees. Nonetheless, the special copy of the Constitution still exists and serves for inauguration purposes only without being officially presented as
5056-591: The prosecutor general of their duties must also be submitted to the Federation Council. The president submits to the State Duma , the lower house of parliament, nominations for appointment to the office of the chairperson of the Central Bank , and likewise submits to the State Duma any proposal to relieve the chairperson of the Central Bank of their duties. Under the procedure stipulated by
5135-519: The resignation of Boris Yeltsin, the president issued a decree "On guarantees of the Russian Federation President, stop exercising their powers, and their family," and the eponymous federal law was adopted by 25 January 2001. This law establishes the legal, social and other guarantees of the Russian Federation's president, stops the execution of its powers in connection with the expiration of their term of office or in advance in
5214-535: The resolution of the issue in an appropriate court. The president can issue by-laws by decree , so long as such decrees are not in contradiction with existing laws (both local and federal), Russia's international agreements or the Russian Constitution. The president is further empowered to grant federal pardons and reprieves, and to convene and adjourn either or both houses of the Federal Assembly under extraordinary circumstances. Other powers of
5293-478: The respective committees or commissions of the two houses of the Federal Assembly. The president signs international treaties . The president of Russia bears ultimate authority over the Russian Armed Forces as "Supreme Commander-in-Chief ", a role established by Article 87 of the Constitution. In this capacity, the president issues military directives, makes defence policy and appoints the High Command of
5372-499: The safest regions of Russia, and also have the lowest alcohol consumption, with alcohol poisoning at least 40 times lower than the federal average. Until 1994, Sokolsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast was part of Ivanovo Oblast . In 2011–2012, the territory of Moscow increased by 140% (to 2,511 km (970 sq mi)) by acquiring part of Moscow Oblast . On 13 May 2020, the governors of Arkhangelsk Oblast and Nenets Autonomous Okrug announced their plan to merge following
5451-406: The so-called oligarchs: Russian businessmen with a high degree of power and influence within both the Russian government and economy. This was seen by the Kremlin as a series of anti-Russian propaganda attacks orchestrated by western opponents and exiled oligarchs . Medvedev was appointed as first deputy prime minister on 14 November 2005. Formerly Vladimir Putin's chief of staff , he was also
5530-471: The survey. Federal subjects of Russia The federal subjects of Russia , also referred to as the subjects of the Russian Federation ( Russian : субъекты Российской Федерации , romanized : subyekty Rossiyskoy Federatsii ) or simply as the subjects of the federation ( Russian : субъекты федерации , romanized : subyekty federatsii ), are the constituent entities of Russia , its top-level political divisions. According to
5609-409: The term "subjects of the Russian Federation". Tom Fennell, a translator, told the 2008 American Translators Association conference that "constituent entity of the Russian Federation" is a better translation than "subject". This was supported by Tamara Nekrasova, Head of Translation Department at Goltsblat BLP , who said in a 2011 presentation at a translators conference that " constituent entity of
5688-453: The text of the 1978 Constitution of the Russian SFSR . The current Constitution of Russia, adopted by federal referendum on 12 December 1993, came into force on 25 December 1993 and abolished the model of the Soviet system of government introduced in 1918 by Vladimir Lenin and based on the right to secede from the country and on unlimited sovereignty of federal subjects (in practice secession
5767-497: The voters voted for the union versus – 8.89% (52,698 voters) who voted against it. 72.82% of the electorate participated. In the Aga Buryat Autonomous Region 94% (38,814 voters) voted for the union versus – 5.16% (2129 voters). 82.95% of the electorate voters participated. On 23 July 2007, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a federal constitutional law "On Establishment in the Russian Federation of
5846-644: Was changed to two terms overall, allowing the incumbent president and former presidents to serve two more terms. The election of the president is mainly regulated by the Presidential Election Law (PEL) and the Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights (BGL). The Federation Council calls the presidential elections. If it does not call a presidential election that is due, the Central Election Commission will call
5925-527: Was ever elected to this office. Boris Yeltsin came to power with a wave of high expectations not long before the Soviet Union's collapse . In May 1990, he was elected as chairman of the Supreme Soviet (parliament) of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (SFSR) – the highest state office – and thus became the head of state. As a result of the creation of the post of President of
6004-491: Was never allowed), which conflicts with the country's integrity and federal laws. The new constitution eliminated a number of legal conflicts, reserved the rights of the regions, introduced local self-government and did not grant the Soviet-era right to secede from the country. In the late 1990s and early 2000s the political system became de jure closer to other modern federal states with a republican form of government . In
6083-406: Was planned that it would remain at the disposal of Vladimir Putin after his term ended, as Gorki-9 ( Russian : Горки-9 ) (also called Barvikha ( Russian : Барвиха ), but actually near it) had remained at the disposal of Boris Yeltsin after his retirement. Also, the president has several vacation residences outside of Moscow. None of the Russian presidents to date have ever been a member of
6162-584: Was started at the level of regional authorities in April 2006. The governor of Chita Oblast Ravil Geniatulin, mayor of the Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug Bair Zhamsuyev, head of the regional parliament Anatoly Romanov, and Dashi Dugarov sent a letter to the President of Russia, Vladimir Putin, and on 17 November 2006, he supported the initiative. A referendum on unification took place on 11 March 2007. In Chita Oblast, "yes"
6241-512: Was the predominant answer to the following question: Do you agree that the Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug merged into a new entity of the Russian Federation - Zabaykalsky Krai, which included Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug will be an administrative-territorial unit with special status, defined by the charter of the province in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation? In Chita Oblast, 90.29% (535,045 voters) of
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