The Festival of Tolerance - JFF Zagreb is an annual film festival held in Zagreb , Croatia which is dedicated to preservation of memories on Holocaust and on raising public awareness about the importance of tolerance .
119-579: JFF was originated for the first time in 2007 under license and in collaboration with UK Jewish Film Festival . Festival is organized by the NGO also called Jewish Film Festival headed by Academy-Award-winner Branko Lustig . The festival takes place at the Zagreb Cinema Europa, one of the most beautiful and oldest art-cinemas in the area. Zagreb Jewish Film Festival's film programme, which includes feature films , documentaries and short films ,
238-510: A parish church , a market and rudimentary law enforcement (the first town constable was elected in 1285). Sacked and burnt by French invaders in the early 16th century—the earliest depiction of Brighton, a painting of c. 1520, shows Admiral Pregent de Bidoux's attack of June 1514—the town recovered strongly based on a thriving mackerel -fishing industry. The grid of streets in the Old Town (the present Lanes area) were well developed and
357-526: A temperate climate: its Köppen climate classification is Cfb . It is characterised by cool summers and cool winters with frequent cloudy and rainy periods. Average rainfall levels increase as the land rises: the 1958–1990 mean was 740 mm (29 in) on the seafront and about 1,000 mm (39 in) at the top of the South Downs above Brighton. Storms caused serious damage in 1703 , 1806, 1824, 1836, 1848, 1850, 1896, 1910 and 1987 . Heavy snow
476-482: A 2014 estimate, 11–15 per cent of the city's population aged 16 or over is thought to be lesbian, gay or bisexual. The city also had the highest percentage of same-sex households in the UK in 2004 and the largest number of civil partnership registrations outside London in 2013. Brighton is identified as one of the least religious places in the UK, based upon analysis of the 2011 census which revealed that 42 per cent of
595-437: A debut movie by US television writer Jill Soloway , and Hava Nagila (The Movie) . The festival closed with the UK premiere of Eytan Fox 's film Cupcakes . The 18th Festival, which featured 95 films from 27 countries, opened on 7 November 2014 at London's Southbank Centre and ran until 23 November. The festival organisers claim that it attracted more than 14,500 visitors. The films were screened at Arthouse Crouch End,
714-585: A declining fishing industry, and the emergence of nearby Shoreham as a significant port caused its economy to suffer. By 1708 other parishes in Sussex were charged rates to alleviate poverty in Brighton, and Daniel Defoe wrote that the expected £8,000 cost of providing sea defences was "more than the whole town was worth". The population declined to 2,000 in the early 18th century. From the 1730s, Brighton entered its second phase of development—one which brought
833-627: A film about the acclaimed Polish-Israeli writer, Ida Fink . Israeli/French film The Band's Visit opened the Festival at the Vue West End. Alan Yentob was the guest of honour. Other events included: a Sing-A-Long-A Joseph production; an event looking at the future for independent cinema; and promotion of the Zagreb Jewish Film Festival , which was held for the first time in 2007, under licence and in collaboration with
952-621: A gala screening of The Jewish Cardinal , a historical drama about Jean-Marie Lustiger , the Jewish-born head of the French Church and close confidant of Pope John Paul II . Perrier Award -winning comic Arnold Brown was joined by Miriam Margolyes, Bill Paterson , David Schneider and Jes Benstock to unveil their new film project. The festival's programme included The Congress , Ari Folman's animated follow-up to his Lebanon war film, Waltz with Bashir , Afternoon Delight ,
1071-472: A mix of businesses dominated by cafés, bars, theatres, and over 400 shops independent and avant-garde shops including an erotic shop and indoor flea markets. The Lanes which is characterised by a labyrinth of narrow alleyways form a retail, leisure and residential area near the seafront, following the street pattern of the original fishing village. The Lanes contain predominantly clothing stores, jewellers, antique shops, restaurants and pubs. Churchill Square
1190-738: A national film festival, changing its name from the Brighton Jewish Film Festival to the UK Jewish Film Festival. This Festival, the seventh, ran from 25 October to 6 November 2003 and opened with Wondrous Oblivion , directed by Paul Morrison , who attended the screening and took part in a question and answer session afterwards. Zoë Wanamaker was the Celebrity Interviewee. The eighth Festival, held from 16 to 21 October 2004, opened with Sam Gabarski's Rashevski's Tango and also screened
1309-729: A networking session took place at the London Film Museum in Covent Garden. The Emerging Filmmakers Day included "Life’s a Pitch" where top UK film commissioners explained how to get a treatment, script or project green lit for production, and " Tim Bevan in Conversation with Michael Kuhn " in which the two film producers discussed their careers and the UK film industry. The 17th festival, which featured 81 films from 21 countries, took place from 31 October to 17 November 2013. It opened on 31 October at BFI Southbank with
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#17327932188441428-466: A new generation of filmmaking talent, included a session on virtual reality and an industry reception and panel discussion. The Dorfman Best Film Award Jury was headed up by Academy Award-winning producer Simon Chinn , and also comprised actor Henry Goodman , documentary director Daniel Gordon , producer Danielle Lux, screenwriter and journalist Kate Muir and director Ben Steele. The Award went to An Act of Defiance . The Best Debut Feature Award Jury
1547-444: A population of 474,485 (2011 census). Brighton's location has made it a popular destination for tourists, renowned for its diverse communities, shopping areas, large and vibrant cultural, music and arts scene, and its large LGBT population , leading to its recognition as the "unofficial gay capital of the UK" and as of the 2021 census, 10.7% of the population of Brighton and Hove over the age of 18 identify as gay, lesbian or bisexual,
1666-453: A question and answer session with art director and illustrator David Polonsky ). The 13th Festival ran from 7 to 19 November 2009. Ronit Elkabetz attended the UK premiere of Jaffa as celebrity guest. To celebrate its thirteenth year, the festival included films with barmitzvah themes. Maureen Lipman introduced the television play Bar Mitzvah Boy , directed by her late husband Jack Rosenthal . The Coen brothers ' A Serious Man
1785-475: A rapid improvement in its fortunes. The contemporary fad for drinking and bathing in seawater as a purported cure for illnesses was enthusiastically encouraged by Richard Russell from nearby Lewes . He sent many patients to "take the cure" in the sea at Brighton, published a popular treatise on the subject, and moved to the town soon afterwards (the Royal Albion , one of Brighton's early hotels, occupies
1904-678: A record high in the UK, with figures in Sussex , including Brighton and Hove, reported as being "high". At a meeting of the full B&H Council on 25 March 2021, Brighton and Hove became the first UK City to adopt the Homeless Bill of Rights . The bill was passed by 31 votes to 11, with 7 abstentions. Brighton lies between the South Downs and the English Channel to the north and south, respectively. The Sussex coast forms
2023-627: A screening at the Barbican Centre of the 1925 Edward Sloman silent film, His People , accompanied by a live score played by violinist Sophie Solomons. Zaytoun , the first film produced by the Israel-British film co-production treaty, was screened twice during the festival to full houses. Set in 1982 Lebanon, the film is directed by Israeli filmmaker Eran Riklis and produced by Gareth Unwin , producer of The King's Speech . A full day of professional workshops, training and
2142-460: A suffering economy and a declining population. Brighton began to attract more visitors following improved road transport to London and becoming a boarding point for boats travelling to France . The town also developed in popularity as a health resort for sea bathing as a purported cure for illnesses. In the Georgian era , Brighton developed as a highly fashionable seaside resort, encouraged by
2261-598: A wide, shallow bay between the headlands of Selsey Bill and Beachy Head ; Brighton developed near the centre of this bay around a seasonal river , the Wellesbourne (or Whalesbone), which flowed from the South Downs above Patcham . This emptied into the English Channel at the beach near the East Cliff, forming "the natural drainage point for Brighton". Behind the estuary was a stagnant pond called
2380-471: Is Jewish ). There were special previews of This Must Be The Place starring Sean Penn , and Footnote , directed and written by Joseph Cedar . Other screenings included The Flood , 1981's Chariots of Fire , Barney's Version , The Rabbi's Cat and Episodes 1, 4 and 5 of the Israeli version of The Office . Boyd Hilton, TV & reviews editor of Heat magazine, interviewed Robert Popper ,
2499-422: Is a shopping centre with a floor space of 470,000 sq ft (44,000 m ) and over 80 shops, several restaurants and 1,600 car-parking spaces. It was built in the 1960s as an open-air, multi-level pedestrianised shopping centre, but was rebuilt and enlarged in 1998 and is no longer open-air. Further retail areas include Western Road and London Road, the latter of which is undergoing extensive regeneration in
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#17327932188442618-820: Is an annual film festival dedicated to world cinema that explores Jewish life, history and culture worldwide. It was founded in 1997 and takes place in November, in London and in other cities in the United Kingdom. The festival is part of UK Jewish Film , which also runs film education programmes for young people exploring racism, antisemitism and interfaith themes; provides training and networking opportunities for new and emerging filmmakers through its Film Lab programme; commissions two new short films each year through its Pears Short Film Fund at UK Jewish Film; and organises film festivals abroad including, since 2011,
2737-579: Is behind the current conflict. It greatly saddens me that the UKJFF have unwisely politicised a celebration of Jewish culture". However, in a joint statement on 15 August, the UKJFF and Tricycle Theatre said: "Some weeks ago the UKJFF fell out, very publicly, with the Tricycle over a condition imposed by the Tricycle regarding funding. This provoked considerable public upset. Both organisations have come together to end that. Following lengthy discussions between
2856-661: Is common in Sussex, especially on the coast, although it occurs infrequently in combination with a personal name. An alternative etymology taken from the Old English words for "stony valley" is sometimes given but has less acceptance. Brighthelm gives its name to, among other things, a church, a pub in Brighton, some halls of residence at the University of Sussex . Writing in 1950, historian Antony Dale noted that unnamed antiquaries had suggested an Old English word "brist" or "briz", meaning "divided", could have contributed
2975-481: Is featured in paintings by both Turner and Constable . Due to the boundary changes, the land area of Brighton expanded from 1,640 acres (7 km ) in 1854 to 14,347 acres (58 km ) in 1952. New housing estates were established in the acquired areas, including Moulsecoomb , Bevendean , Coldean and Whitehawk . The major expansion of 1928 also incorporated the villages of Patcham , Ovingdean and Rottingdean , and much council housing
3094-695: Is held at Cinema Europa. Since 2009 the festival has organised educational mornings about The Holocaust for students of different age groups. The Jewish Film Festival Zagreb is funded by the Austrian Cultural Forum and the city of Zagreb as the main sponsor. Among others, the sponsors of the festival in previous years were also Jutarnji list , Školska knjiga , Sheraton Hotels and Resorts , Atlantic Grupa , Mirko Ilić , McCann Erickson , Austrian Cultural Forum , Diners Club International , Erste Group , UNHCR , Jadran Film ... UK Jewish Film Festival The UK Jewish Film Festival
3213-433: Is one of the largest such facilities in Brighton; in its early days about 6,000 people were employed, principally in industrial jobs, but in the late 20th and early 21st centuries its focus has switched to commercial and retail development, limiting Brighton's potential for industrial growth. Brighton Corporation laid out the estate on 18 acres (7.3 ha) of land around Crowhurst Road in 1950. By 1956, large-scale employment
3332-588: Is rare, but particularly severe falls were recorded in 1881 and 1967. At the time of the Domesday survey in 1086, Brighton was in the Rape of Lewes and the Hundred of Welesmere. The new Hundred of Whalesbone, which covered the parishes of Brighton, West Blatchington , Preston and Hove , was formed in 1296. Parishes moved in and out several times, and by 1801 only Brighton and West Blatchington were included in
3451-446: Is still not in commercial use: it houses some administrative departments of the University of Brighton . It was Brighton's first ultramodern commercial property and was intended for mixed commercial and industrial use, but its completion coincided with a slump in demand for high-tech premises. Brighton is well known for its high number of independent shops, which add to the character of the city. Walking from Brighton station towards
3570-504: Is suggested to have been the tribal "capital". Later, there was a Roman villa at Preston Village , a Roman road from London ran nearby, and much physical evidence of Roman occupation has been discovered locally. From the 1st century AD, the Romans built a number of villas in Brighton and Romano-British Brythonic Celts formed farming settlements in the area. After the Romans left in
3689-632: The Hilton Brighton Metropole , the Palace Pier and the West Pier . The town continued to grow into the 20th century, expanding to incorporate more areas into the town's boundaries before joining Hove to form the unitary authority of Brighton and Hove in 1997, which was granted city status in 2000. Today, Brighton and Hove district has a resident population of about 277,965 and the wider Brighton and Hove conurbation has
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3808-701: The London and Brighton Railway in 1841 brought Brighton within the reach of day-trippers from London. Many of the major attractions were built during the Victorian era , such as the Grand Hotel (1864), the West Pier (1866), and the Palace Pier (1899). Prior to either of these structures, the famous Royal Suspension Chain Pier was built, to the designs of Captain Samuel Brown. It lasted from 1823 to 1896 and
3927-521: The Royal Pavilion showing "quite a pool of water across the Steyne". Despite 16th-century writer Andrew Boorde 's claim that "Bryght-Hempston [is] among the noble ports and havens of the realm", Brighton never developed as a significant port: rather, it was considered as part of Shoreham . Nevertheless, the descriptions "Port of Brighthelmston" or "Port of Brighton" were sometimes used between
4046-410: The 14th and 19th centuries, as for example in 1766 when its notional limits were defined for customs purposes. The East Cliff runs for several miles from Pool Valley towards Rottingdean and Saltdean , reaching 24 m (80 ft) above sea level. The soil beneath it, a mixture of alluvium and clay with some flint and chalk rubble , has experienced erosion for many years. The cliff itself, like
4165-441: The 18th century. It is home to several major companies, some of which employ thousands of people locally; as a retail centre it is of regional importance; creative, digital and new media businesses are increasingly significant; and, although Brighton was never a major industrial centre, its railway works contributed to Britain's rail industry in the 19th and 20th centuries, particularly in the manufacture of steam locomotives. Since
4284-487: The 1990s has been referred to as "Silicon Beach". By 2007, over 250 new media business had been founded in Brighton. Brandwatch is a social media monitoring company based in offices near Brighton station. Computer game design company Black Rock Studio was founded in 1998 and was taken over by Disney Interactive Studios , who closed it down in 2011. The Gamer Network, whose portfolio of websites relating to computer gaming (including Eurogamer ) and creative industries
4403-546: The 1990s. Two large headquarters buildings were vacated in quick succession when British Bookshops left in March 2011 and The Argus newspaper moved out of its headquarters in 2012—although the Brighton & Hove Bus and Coach Company signed a contract to move its 1,250 employees into the latter building. Brighton has a high density of businesses involved in the media sector, particularly digital or " new media ", and since
4522-854: The 2019 BAFTAs. Other films in the festival included the Venice Film Festival Silver Lion Winner, Foxtrot , as well as The Waldheim Waltz, Death of a Poetess, Unsettling, The Prince and the Dybbuk and winner of FIPRESCI Prize at the Cannes Film Festival, Closeness . The Dorfman Best Film Award jury was headed up by film producer Michael Kuhn and also comprised Picturehouse Managing Director Clare Binns, actor Henry Goodman , talent agent Anita Land, journalist Andrew Pulver and film producer Michael Rose. The award went to Three Identical Strangers , directed by Tim Wardle. The Best Debut Feature Award jury
4641-558: The BFI Southbank with a gala premiere of the film Closer to the Moon . Other films screened during the festival included UK premieres of 5 to 7 , Experimenter , The Farewell Party , Amir Wolf's Fire Birds , I Smile Back , Labyrinth of Lies , Look at us now Mother! , My Nazi Legacy and Son of Saul . In 2015 Chief Executive Michael Etherton launched a Best Debut Feature Award with a jury headed by producer and then director of
4760-762: The Barbican Centre, BFI Southbank, Cine Lumiere, Everyman Cinema , JW3 , Odeon Swiss Cottage, Odeon South Woodford, Phoenix, East Finchley (all in London), and the Cornerhouse in Manchester and Broadway in Nottingham. In August 2014, the Tricycle Theatre informed the UK Jewish Film Festival (UKJFF) that it could not host the Festival in 2014 (as it had done for the previous eight years) if
4879-577: The Brighton Town Commissioners (of which he was a member). Brighton Corporation spent £40,000 to extend it in 1897–99 to the Classical design of Brighton Borough Surveyor Francis May. Despite this, the building was too small for municipal requirements by the mid-20th century, and extra council buildings were built in locations throughout Brighton Borough Council's existence: the most recent, Bartholomew House and Priory House next to
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4998-704: The Festival included the Barbican Centre , the Everyman Hampstead, BFI Southbank and Vue West End . The films shown included Mensch (a film from France, screened at the West End gala), The Debt , starring Helen Mirren and Jessica Chastain , and the Israeli documentary Gay Days (screened at an event that explored LGBT activism through filmmaking). At the 15th Festival, from 1 to 20 November 2011, 75 films were shown, from 16 countries including Norway ( Strictly Confidential ), Russia ( I Shall Remember ) and Poland ( Joanna , My Australia , The Moon
5117-480: The Hundred. In its original form, Brighton parish covered about 1,640 acres (660 ha) between the English Channel, Hove, Preston, Ovingdean and Rottingdean . The borough (but not the civil parish) was first extended from 31 October 1873, when 905 acres (366 ha) was annexed from Preston civil parish. In 1894 the part outside the borough became Preston Rural civil parish and Preston civil parish continued in
5236-491: The Israeli drama Working Woman by director/screenwriter Michal Aviad . The film's themes chimed closely with prevailing Me Too movement against sexual harassment and sexual assault of women in the workplace. Women filmmakers and issues were a prominent part of the festival and female directors accounted for 38% of all directors at the 2018 Festival. The festival also included the UK premiere of Three Identical Strangers , which went on to be nominated for Best Documentary at
5355-762: The Israeli/Swiss film The Dybbuk of the Holy Apple Field and marked Israel's 50th anniversary with a selection of films on Israeli life called "Israel at 50". The festival also screened its first gay film, Rosalind Haver's Oy Gay , a documentary on gay Jewish life in Britain. Film director Férid Boughedir was a special guest at the Festival and, in the first of UKJFF's annual Celebrity Interview series, Sir Sydney Samuelson interviewed film director Lewis Gilbert . The third Brighton Jewish Film Festival ran from 12 to 27 November 1999. The Celebrity Interview
5474-472: The Lord Collins of Mapesbury , Vanessa Feltz , Henry Goodman , Michael Grabiner, Romaine Hart OBE, Stephen Hermer, Zamir Joory, Dame Maureen Lipman , Lord and Lady Mitchell, Tracy-Ann Oberman , Lord Puttnam of Queensgate , Rick Senat, Jason Solomons , Paul Morrison and Chaim Topol . In 1997 Judy Ironside founded the Brighton Jewish Film Festival. Her principal motivation to create the festival
5593-668: The Mountains and Hills , with Best Debut Feature Award going to One Week and a Day by Asaph Polonsky. Who's Gonna Love Me Now? , directed by the Heymann Brothers, picked up the Audience Choice Award. The festival programme included an innovative live music and film event based around the 1963 crime thriller, The Small World of Sammy Lee , directed by Ken Hughes. Key scenes from the film were accompanied by music from Gareth Lockrane and Band, inspired by
5712-533: The National Film and Television School, Nik Powell. The jury also included actors Kerry Fox and Jason Isaacs, film producer Michael Kuhn and film director Mike Newell. The winning film was Son of Saul which subsequently went on to win the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 2016 . Chief Executive Michael Etherton commented that "Our commitment to supporting new creative talent has been at
5831-713: The Pool or Poole, so named since the medieval era. This was built over with houses and shops from 1793, when the Wellesbourne was culverted to prevent flooding, and only the name of the road (Pool Valley, originally Pool Lane) marks its site. One original house survives from the time of the pool's enclosure. Behind Pool Valley is Old Steine (historically The Steyne ), originally a flat and marshy area where fishermen dried their nets. The Wellesbourne occasionally reappears during times of prolonged heavy rain; author Mark Antony Lower referred to an early 19th-century drawing of
5950-515: The Roof . Rabbi Lionel Blue 's first film, a documentary looking at how spirituality can help people face old age, had its cinema premiere. After its screening, Rabbi Blue was interviewed by Simon Fanshawe . The festival closed with a showing of Matej Mináč 's film All My Loved Ones , inspired by the story of Nicholas Winton , who saved hundreds of Czech Jewish children from the Nazis. Minac attended
6069-693: The Tricycle and UKJFF, the Tricycle has now withdrawn its objection and invited back the UK Jewish Film Festival on the same terms as in previous years with no restrictions on funding from the Embassy of Israel in London." The 2014 festival did not take place at the theatre, but the Tricycle had hoped to hold some UKJFF-related events later in the year. In May 2015 the Tricycle Theatre's chair, Jonathan Levy, issued an apology in an article published in The Jewish Chronicle , saying that
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#17327932188446188-407: The Tricycle's position and deplored those who had misrepresented that position. Hytner also said "Rubasingham and the Tricycle board could not have made clearer their commitment to Jewish culture ... It is entirely understandable that they felt obliged to insist that no government agency should sponsor the festival. The Tricycle ... has a clear responsibility to make no statement about the dispute that
6307-403: The UK Jewish Film Festival. The 12th Festival, from 8 to 20 November 2008, opened with Eran Riklis ' controversial film Lemon Tree . It included a Sing-A-Long-A Hairspray event, the UK premiere of Sacred Language, Spoken Language (followed by a question and answer session with film director Nurit Aviv) and a special preview of award-winning animation Waltz with Bashir (followed by
6426-466: The UK premiere of Le Grand Role , attended by its director, Steve Suissa , and lead actor Bérénice Bejo . Forty films were shown, including 30 films at London's Screen on the Hill (now Everyman Belsize Park). Sydney Samuelson, with Maureen Lipman , introduced a tribute to Jack Rosenthal , including a special screening of Bye Bye Baby ; Bill Nighy was a special guest. The festival toured other parts of
6545-570: The UK premiere of The First Time I Was Twenty , a tale of antisemitism in Paris. Venues for the Festival included London's The Screen On The Hill, the Tricycle Theatre , Phoenix and the Curzon Soho. Films were also shown in Belfast, Brighton, Cardiff , Glasgow , Leeds , Liverpool , Manchester and Southampton . The 10th Festival ran from 4 to 16 November 2006. The Annual Audience Award
6664-542: The UK was actively involved in military conflicts. In an editorial, The Guardian said that the Tricycle had made "a bad error of judgment". Sajid Javid , the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport was reported as saying that the theatre had been "misguided" in demanding the festival drop its sponsorship by the Israeli Embassy. Theatre directors Nicholas Hytner and Richard Eyre both supported
6783-650: The UK, including venues in Edinburgh , Manchester , and Belfast . The UK premiere of Live and Become opened the ninth Festival, which ran from 5 to 27 November 2005. The screening was at the Vue West End cinema in Leicester Square , with Lord Puttnam in attendance. The film was introduced by the director, Radu Mihăileanu . 2005 also saw the creation of the first Short Film Fund, which promoted film making on Jewish themes. The first winner of
6902-579: The amalgamation of Brighton and Hove, economic and retail data has been produced at a citywide level only. Examples of statistics include: Brighton and Hove's tourism industry contributes £380m to the economy and employs 20,000 people directly or indirectly; the city has 9,600 registered companies; and a 2001 report identified it as one of five "supercities for the future". In the past couple of years tourists to Brighton and Hove have fallen in numbers. Over 2016, day visitors to Brighton and Hove dropped by an average of 2,400 per day. In August 2017, new figures for
7021-545: The annual Geneva International Jewish Film Festival in Switzerland. UK Jewish Film, whose president is its founder, Judy Ironside MBE, is chaired by Jonathan Lewis. Its chief executive is Michael Etherton. Sir Sydney Samuelson was the festival's honorary president from 1997 to 2005. From 2014, he became an Honorary Life Patron. UK Jewish Film's Honorary Patrons include David Kustow OBE, Louise and Hilton Nathanson, Tim Angel OBE, Dame Hilary Blume, The Right Honourable
7140-416: The areas added to the borough became part of Brighton civil parish. From 1 April 1952, more of Falmer and part of the adjacent Stanmer parish were added; 20 years later, land and marine territory associated with the new Brighton Marina development also became part of Brighton. Except for a small addition of rural land in 1993 (from Pyecombe parish), Brighton Borough's boundaries remained the same until it
7259-437: The award was Jes Benstock with his short film Holocaust Tourism: Whatever Happened to Never Again , which was premiered at the festival. Other films in the 2005 UKJFF included Everything is Illuminated , starring Elijah Wood , In Her Shoes , starring Cameron Diaz , Toni Collette and Shirley MacLaine , and Bee Season , starring Richard Gere . Bee Season was introduced by Anthony Minghella . The festival also hosted
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#17327932188447378-469: The beach at the bottom of the valley, which was partly protected from erosion by an underwater sandbar . Changes in sea level affected the foreshore several times: 40 acres (16 ha) disappeared in the first half of the 14th century, and the Great Storm of 1703 caused widespread destruction. The first sea defences were erected in 1723, and a century later a long sea wall was built. Brighton has
7497-499: The borough from Patcham parish in 1923 for the construction of the Moulsecoomb estate, and in 1928 the ward was divided into four: Hollingbury, Moulsecoomb, Preston and Preston Park. Elm Grove and Patcham wards were created at the same time, bringing the total to 19. There were further changes in 1952, 1955 and 1983, at which time there were 16 wards. This situation continued until 1 April 1997, when Hove and its wards became part of
7616-646: The borough. On 1 April 1889 Brighton became a county borough. On 1 October 1923, 94 acres (38 ha) were added to Brighton borough and to Preston civil parish from Patcham parish: Brighton Corporation was developing the Moulsecoomb estate there at the time. On 1 April 1928, Brighton civil parish was extended to include Preston civil parish. On the same date the borough grew by nearly five times by adding Ovingdean and Rottingdean parishes in their entirety and parts of Falmer , Patcham and West Blatchington; it also exchanged small parts with Hove municipal borough. All
7735-543: The cause of protests since 2004. The premises were significantly damaged in January 2009 when protesters broke in. In 1985, the Borough Council described three "myths" about Brighton's economy. Common beliefs were that most of the working population commuted to London every day; that tourism provided most of Brighton's jobs and income; or that the borough's residents were "composed entirely of wealthy theatricals and retired business people" rather than workers. Brighton has been an important centre for commerce and employment since
7854-510: The city of Brighton and Hove, of which 12 are in Brighton. Regency, St Peter's & North Laine, Preston Park, Withdean, Patcham, Hollingdean & Stanmer and Hanover & Elm Grove are part of the Brighton Pavilion constituency; Moulsecoomb & Bevendean, Queen's Park, East Brighton, Woodingdean and Rottingdean Coastal are covered by the Brighton Kemptown constituency. The newly created Borough of Brighton consisted of six wards in 1854: St Nicholas, St Peter, Pier, Park, Pavilion and West. When
7973-462: The county of East Sussex , England. It is located 47 miles (76 km) south of London . Archaeological evidence of settlement in the area dates back to the Bronze Age , Roman and Anglo-Saxon periods. The ancient settlement of "Brighthelmstone" was documented in the Domesday Book (1086). The town's importance grew in the Middle Ages as the Old Town developed, but it languished in the early modern period , affected by foreign attacks, storms,
8092-424: The decision as "open racism". Rubasingham drew attention to her own and the Tricycle's record, adding: "I am not anti-Semitic or anti-Israeli." Nick Cohen , writing in The Spectator , accused the Tricycle of inconsistency, as other groups' or events' funding had not, he claimed, previously been examined in this way. Cohen also pointed out that the Tricycle itself accepted Arts Council funding during times that
8211-409: The early 4th century AD, the Brighton area returned to the control of the native Celts. Anglo-Saxons then invaded in the late 5th century AD, and the region became part of the Kingdom of Sussex , founded in 477 AD by king Ælle . Anthony Seldon identified five phases of development in pre-20th century Brighton. The village of Bristelmestune was founded by these Anglo-Saxon invaders, probably in
8330-399: The early Saxon period. They were attracted by the easy access for boats, sheltered areas of raised land for building and better conditions compared to the damp, cold and misty Weald to the north. By the time of the Domesday survey in 1086 it was a fishing and agricultural settlement, a rent of 4,000 herring was established, and its population was about 400. By the 14th century there was
8449-417: The early part of his Regency . In this period the modern form of the name Brighton came into common use. A permanent military presence was established in the city with the completion of Preston Barracks in 1793. It was rebuilt in 1830. The population increased rapidly throughout the 19th century from 7,339 in 1801 to 46,661 in 1841, and by 1901 the population had reached more than 120,000. The arrival of
8568-604: The east towards St James's Street in Kemptown is the seventh-worst living environment in England. On 19 January 2017, Brighton council announced they were looking at certain initiatives to try to alleviate some of the increasing homelessness seen on Brighton's streets and were hoping to open the first in-house temporary housing for homeless people in the city. Homelessness figures released by Crisis in December 2018 reported
8687-525: The festival continued to pursue a £1,400 grant it had sought from the Israeli Embassy in London . The theatre offered to make up the loss itself but the festival's then chairman Stephen Margolis dismissed this offer as a "publicity stunt", saying that the Tricycle's artistic director Indhu Rubasingham had also demanded to scrutinise the list of films to be shown. The decision led to accusations of antisemitism and The Jewish Chronicle described
8806-567: The festival showcased a number of workshops and exhibitions, including an introduction to film-making, a photographic exhibition of Jewish weddings and a pre- Chanukah arts and craft class for children. Holocaust Day was also remembered on 10 November; the day of events was attended by more than 180 children and included a screening of the film Understanding the Holocaust and a talk by a Holocaust survivor . The second Brighton Jewish Film Festival ran from 14 to 22 November 1998. It opened with
8925-677: The festival's first touring programme, films were screened at the Curzon Soho and City Screen cinemas in Aberdeen , Cambridge , Oxford and York . The sixth Brighton Jewish Festival took place from 12 to 24 October 2002. Many of the films focused on the conflict in the Middle East. There was a performance by the Jewish music ensemble The Burning Bush and Sydney Samuelson interviewed Maureen Lipman and her husband Jack Rosenthal as part of The Celebrity Interview feature. The UKJFF became
9044-413: The first part of the historic name Brighthelmstone. The town was originally split in half by the Wellesbourne , a winterbourne which was culverted and buried in the 18th century. Brighton has several nicknames. Poet Horace Smith called it "The Queen of Watering Places", which is still widely used, and "Old Ocean's Bauble". Novelist William Makepeace Thackeray referred to "Doctor Brighton", calling
9163-463: The first time short films were shown: these included films focusing on Israeli/Arab relations and a 10-minute short called The Worst Jewish Football Team in the World . A screening of psychological thriller Time of Favor was attended by its director, Joseph Cedar . A documentary about faith, sexuality and religious fundamentalism, Trembling Before G-d , was followed by a panel discussion. In
9282-411: The heart of this year’s festival. We were thrilled that the jury recognised the extraordinary achievement of the winner, as well as giving a much deserved special commendation for the funny, profound and warm-hearted Israeli feature The Farewell Party ." In 2016 a further Award was launched for Best Feature Film with a jury headed up by broadcaster and film critic Jason Solomons. In 2017 a third Award
9401-475: The highest percentage in the entire UK. Brighton has been called the UK's " hippest city" and "the happiest place to live in the UK". The earliest attestation of Brighton's name is Bristelmestune , recorded in the Domesday Book . Although more than 40 variations have been documented, Brighthelmstone (or Brighthelmston ) was the standard rendering between the 14th and 18th centuries. "Brighton"
9520-624: The new unitary authority of Brighton and Hove . Brighton Town Hall occupies a large site in the Lanes . Medieval Brighthelmston had a town hall, although it was called the Townhouse and functioned more like a market hall. A later building (1727) known as the Town Hall was principally used as a workhouse . Work on the first purpose-built town hall began in 1830; Thomas Read Kemp laid the first stone, and Thomas Cooper designed it on behalf of
9639-767: The organisation's film industry profile including through the new UK Jewish Film Festival Jury Awards. In 2021 he founded the UK Jewish Film Short Doc Fund, which commissions 5 five-minute documentary films each year reflecting different aspects of contemporary British-Jewish life. The five commissioned films are premiered at the annual UK Jewish Film Festival. In 2024 the fund was renamed the Dangoor UKJF Short Doc Fund. The first UK Jewish Film Festival took place in Brighton from 8 to 16 November 1997, with tickets available for £4. Along with screening various films and documentaries,
9758-818: The original be bop jazz tracks of Kenny Graham. The event was presented in partnership with the 606 Club and Sound on Screen.work The 21st UK Jewish Film Festival ran from 9 to 26 November 2017, with screenings in Glasgow, Leeds, Liverpool and Manchester, as well as in London. Key films included the Opening Night Gala film from South Africa, An Act of Defiance ; A Tale of Love and Darkness starring and directed by Natalie Portman, Andrei Konchalovsky's Paradise ; Israeli-German feature The Cakemaker ; Bombshell: The Hedy Lamarr Story ; The Women's Balcony . Archive screenings included The Governess, Mr Emmanuel and Lenny. The FilmLab industry strand, aimed at nurturing
9877-525: The patronage of the Prince Regent, later King George IV , who spent much time in the town and constructed the Royal Pavilion in the Regency era . Brighton continued to grow as a major centre of tourism following the arrival of the railways in 1841, becoming a popular destination for day-trippers from London. Many of the major attractions were built in the Victorian era , including the Grand Hotel ,
9996-496: The population profess no religion , far higher than the national average of 25 per cent. Brighton has been described as the UK's most "Godless" city. The largest religion is Christianity , with 43 per cent reporting an affiliation. The second-largest religion is Islam , with 2.2 per cent, which is lower than the national average. As part of the Jedi census phenomenon in 2001, 2.6 per cent claimed their religion
10115-424: The remarkable number of boarding, charity and church schools in the town at the time. The first settlement in the Brighton area was Whitehawk Camp , a Neolithic encampment on Whitehawk Hill which has been dated to between 3500 BC and 2700 BC. It is one of six causewayed enclosures in Sussex. Archaeologists have only partially explored it, but have found numerous burial mounds , tools and bones, suggesting it
10234-455: The rest of Brighton's soil, is chalk. Below this are thin layers of Upper and Lower Greensand separated by a thicker band of Gault clay . The land slopes upwards gradually from south to north towards the top of the Downs. Main transport links developed along the floor of the Wellesbourne valley, from which the land climbs steeply—particularly on the east side. The earliest settlement was by
10353-504: The screening. The fifth Brighton Jewish Film Festival, which ran from 10 to 25 November 2001, screened Egyptian director Khaled El Hagar 's controversial film The Gulf Between Us , about a relationship between an Egyptian man and a Jewish girl in Britain. The Celebrity Interview was with Miriam Margolyes . At a filmmakers event, "Writing Jewishly for the Screen", Gary Synyor and Paul Morrison were interviewed by Judy Ironside. For
10472-539: The seafront, first, is the North Laine area, stretching from Trafalgar Street, Kensington Gardens, Sydney Street, Gardner Street and Bond Street and is mostly pedestrianised. It is a retail, leisure and the residential area immediately north of the Lanes. Its name derives from the Anglo-Saxon "Laine" meaning "fields", although the misnomer "North Lanes" is often used to describe the area. The North Laine contains
10591-635: The seafront, the boundary runs up Little Western Street (pavement on eastern side, in Brighton), but it is not visible. Northwards from Western Road, it runs to the west of Norfolk Road, Norfolk Terrace, Windlesham Road and Windlesham Gardens in the Montpelier area, then along the south side of Davigdor Road to Seven Dials . From there it runs along the west side of Dyke Road as far as Withdean Road in Withdean , at which point it crosses Dyke Road so that
10710-505: The section north of that is part of Hove parish. The boundary continues to follow Dyke Road towards Devil's Dyke on the South Downs. Brighton is covered by two constituencies in the Parliament of the United Kingdom : Brighton Kemptown and Peacehaven and Brighton Pavilion . In the 2024 general election , Brighton Kemptown elected Chris Ward , Labour ; Brighton Pavilion elected Siân Berry , Green Party . There are 21 wards in
10829-525: The site of his house). Others were already visiting the town for recreational purposes before Russell became famous, and his actions coincided with other developments which made Brighton more attractive to visitors. From the 1760s it was a boarding point for boats travelling to France; road transport to London was improved when the main road via Crawley was turnpiked in 1770; and spas and indoor baths were opened by other entrepreneurial physicians such as Sake Dean Mahomed and Anthony Relhan (who also wrote
10948-407: The territory was extended to include part of Preston parish in 1873, the new area became a seventh ward named Preston. The seven were split into 14 in 1894: Hanover, Kemp Town (renamed King's Cliff in 1908), Lewes Road, Montpelier, Pavilion, Pier, Preston, Preston Park, Queen's Park, Regency, St John, St Nicholas, St Peter, and West. Preston ward was extended in 1923 to incorporate the area taken into
11067-484: The theatre had taken the wrong decision when it had asked UKJFF to return to the Israeli Embassy the £1,400 funding it had received and that it was now seeking ways to rebuild mutual trust with the Jewish community. The 19th UK Jewish Film Festival was the first to be overseen by UK Jewish Film's new chief executive Michael Etherton, and ran from 7 to 22 November 2015 with 127 screenings of 84 films in London, Manchester, Leeds, Glasgow and Nottingham. The festival opened at
11186-513: The top ten per cent nationally for deprivation. Although deprivation in Brighton is distributed across the city, it is more concentrated in some areas. The highest concentration is in the Whitehawk, Moulsecoomb, and Hollingbury areas but is also found around the St. James's Street and Eastern Road areas. A 2015 government statistic showed that the area around Brighton's Palace Pier roundabout and to
11305-461: The town "one of the best of Physicians". "London-by-the-Sea" is well-known, reflecting Brighton's popularity with Londoners as a day-trip resort, a commuter dormitory and a desirable destination for those wanting to move out of the metropolis. "The Queen of Slaughtering Places", a pun on Smith's description, became popular when the Brighton trunk murders came to the public's attention in the 1930s. The mid-19th-century nickname "School Town" referred to
11424-416: The town grew quickly: the population rose from c. 1,500 in 1600 to c. 4,000 in the 1640s. By that time Brighton was Sussex's most populous and important town. Over the next few decades, though, events severely affected its local and national standing, such that by 1730 "it was a forlorn town decidedly down on its luck". More foreign attacks, storms (especially the devastating Great Storm of 1703 ),
11543-556: The town hall, were finished in 1987. The town hall ceased to be responsible solely for Brighton's affairs when Brighton and Hove were united in 1997, but it is still used by Brighton & Hove City Council—particularly for weddings and civil partnerships. The presence of a British subsidiary of the United States arms company EDO Corporation on the Home Farm Industrial Estate in Moulsecoomb has been
11662-402: The town's first guidebook). From 1780, the development of the Georgian terraces had started, and the fishing village developed as the fashionable resort of Brighton. The growth of the town was further encouraged by the patronage of the Prince Regent (later King George IV ) after his first visit in 1783. He spent much of his leisure time in the town and constructed the Royal Pavilion during
11781-611: The writer and producer of Channel 4's Friday Night Dinner . The 16th UK Jewish Film Festival opened at the NFT1, BFI Southbank with the UK premiere of Sophie Lellouche's debut feature film Paris Manhattan . The Opening Night Gala was attended by many VIPs including French film director Sophie Lellouche, Israeli actor Ohad Knoller , British actor Maureen Lipman, journalist and film critic Jason Solomons , playwright Amy Rosenthal as well as UKJF Honorary Life Patron Sir Sydney Samuelson. The festival, which ran from 1 to 18 November 2012,
11900-618: The year showed Brighton's tourism had fallen by a further 1 per cent on the previous year. Brighton's largest private sector employer is American Express , whose European headquarters are at John Street. As of 2012, about 3,000 people work there. Planning permission to demolish the old Amex offices and build a replacement was granted in 2009, and work started in March 2010. Other major employers include Lloyds Bank , Legal & General , Asda (which has hypermarkets at Hollingbury and Brighton Marina ), Brighton & Hove Bus and Coach Company and call-centre operator Inkfish. In 2012, it
12019-493: Was 'Jedi Knight', the largest percentage in the country. In December 2021, new data released by Shelter , revealed that "one in 78 people in Brighton and Hove are homeless". The report also records the city as having the third highest rate of homelessness in England, with London claiming the top spot followed by Luton . In a previous charity report issued in November 2016, three areas in Brighton & Hove, East Brighton, Queen's Park, and Moulsecoomb & Bevendean ranked in
12138-491: Was a place of some importance. There was also a Bronze Age settlement at Coldean . Brythonic Celts arrived in Britain in the 7th century BC, and an important Brythonic settlement existed at Hollingbury Castle on Hollingbury Hill. This Celtic Iron Age encampment dates from the 3rd or 2nd century BC and is circumscribed by substantial earthwork outer walls with a diameter of c. 1,000 ft (300 m). Cissbury Ring , roughly 10 mi (16 km) from Hollingbury,
12257-745: Was added for Best Screenplay and the Best Feature Film Award became known as the Dorfman Best Film Award with a jury headed up by double Academy Award-winning producer Simon Chinn. The prize went to An Act of Defiance . The 2016 UK Jewish Film Festival ran from 5 to 20 November 2016. and opened with Indignation , directed by James Schamus, and based on the novel by Philip Roth. The Best Feature Film Award included Jason Solomons (head of jury), Kim Bodnia , Dave Calhoun, Peter Bradshaw and Tracy-Ann Oberman . The top prize of Best Feature went to Eran Kolirin 's Beyond
12376-435: Was also shown. The 14th Festival, from 4 to 21 November 2010, particularly emphasised comedy, with a night of live comedy from Shazia Mirza and Josh Howie , who challenged Jewish and Muslim stereotypes, and an evening at the Everyman Hampstead, where Tracy-Ann Oberman , David Baddiel , David Schneider and other leading British comedians discussed the role of comedy in tackling racism and prejudice. The London venues for
12495-432: Was appointed as chief executive of UK Jewish Film. He focused on increasing the profile and reach of the organisation as well as on supporting new creative talent through a new FilmLab programme and the creation of Film Festival Jury Awards. He expanded the year-round cinema programme through partnerships with key venues in London, Manchester and Glasgow, developed a year-round education programme for young people, and improved
12614-556: Was brought to the Festival ;– Green Fields , made in 1937. Other films screened included Didi Danquart's Jew Boy Levi , which was introduced by the film's producer Martin Hageman, and the UK premiere of Anne Frank's Diary of a Young Girl , an animated feature film produced by Stephane Dykman. The fourth Festival ran from 11 to 25 November 2000 in Brighton. The Celebrity Interview was with Chaim Topol , star of Fiddler on
12733-499: Was built in parts of Woodingdean after the Second World War. By the 1970s, the town had acquired a reputation as a retirement destination, with an elderly population. However, this was reversed in the 1990s, as Brighton regained the fashionable status it held in the 18th and 19th centuries. In 1997, the town of Brighton and its neighbouring town Hove were joined to form the unitary authority of Brighton and Hove , which
12852-541: Was founded in 1999, is based in Brighton. By the early 21st century, the market for office accommodation in the city was characterised by fluctuating demand and a lack of supply of high-quality buildings. As an example, the Trafalgar Place development ( c. 1990), "now considered a prime office location", stood partly empty for a decade. Exion 27 (built in 2001), a high-tech, energy-efficient office development at Hollingbury , remained empty for several years and
12971-488: Was granted city status by Queen Elizabeth II as part of the millennium celebrations in 2000. As of 2017 , the Brighton and Hove district, of which Brighton is the largest area, has an estimated resident population of 277,965 residents. It is ranked the 59th most populous district in England. Compared to the national average, Brighton has fewer children and old residents but a large proportion of adults aged 20–44. Brighton has long had an LGBT-friendly history . In
13090-428: Was headed up by TV producer Claudia Rosencrantz and also comprised film producer Chris Auty , actor Ben Caplan, director Paul Morrison , producer Dainne Nelmes and screenwriter Carol Russell. The Award went to Driver, directed by Yehonatan Indursky. Brighton Brighton ( / ˈ b r aɪ t ən / BRY -tən ) is a seaside resort and one of the two main areas of the city of Brighton and Hove in
13209-615: Was headed up by film producer Michael Kuhn , and also comprised TV producer Archie Baron, film producer Finola Dwyer, editor of Little White Lies , David Jenkins, producer Tracy Josephs and film journalist Andrew Pulver. The Award went to Scaffolding . The Best Screenplay Award was headed up by film producer Nik Powell, and also comprised playwright Ryan Craig , film critic Larushka Ivan-Zadeh, producer Marsha Lee, screenwriter Nicholas Martin and screenwriter Carol Russell. The Award went to The Women's Balcony . The 22nd UK Jewish Film Festival ran from 8 to 22 November 2018, and opened with
13328-555: Was introduced, where the audience could vote for their favourite film. The festival opened at the Curzon Mayfair with a screening of the film Sixty Six , introduced by its director Paul Weiland and attended by its leading actors Eddie Marsan and Gregg Sulkin . The Moroccan film Marock also had its UK premiere during the festival. The 11th Festival ran from 3 to 15 November 2007. The Festival collaborated with Jewish Book Week , screening The Garden that Floated Away ,
13447-521: Was joined to Hove Borough in 1997 to form the unitary authority of Brighton and Hove. The old boundary between Brighton and Hove is most clearly seen on the seafront, where the King Edward Peace Statue (1912) straddles the border, and in a twitten called Boundary Passage which runs northwards from Western Road to Montpelier Road. There is a Grade II-listed parish boundary marker stone in this passageway. Between Western Road and
13566-451: Was originally an informal shortened form, first seen in 1660; it gradually supplanted the longer name and was in general use from the late 18th century, although Brighthelmstone remained the town's official name until 1810. The name is of Anglo-Saxon origin. Most scholars believe that it derives from Beorthelm + tūn —the homestead of Beorthelm , a common Old English name associated with villages elsewhere in England. The tūn element
13685-615: Was provided at a bakery, a typewriter factory and a machine tools manufacturer among others. Most of the large factories closed during the recessions of the 1980s and 1990s, employment fell to 1,000, and structural changes started in the mid-1980s with a move towards small-scale industrial units (the Enterprise Estate was finished in October 1985) and then retail warehouses. Asda 's superstore opened in November 1987, MFI followed two years later, and other retail units were built in
13804-678: Was reported that about 1,500 of Gatwick Airport 's 21,000 workers lived in the city of Brighton and Hove. Brighton is a popular destination for conferences, exhibitions and trade fairs, and has had a purpose-built conference centre—the Brighton Centre —since 1977. Direct income from the Brighton Centre's 160 events per year is £8 million, and a further £50 million is generated indirectly by visitors spending money during their stay. Events range from political party conferences to concerts. The Hollingbury Industrial Estate
13923-415: Was the strongest year to date. Attendance went up 16 per cent on the previous year and over 10,000 tickets were sold. The 2012 festival featured the first simultaneous screenings in four other UK cities: Leeds, Liverpool, Glasgow and Manchester. There were 58 screenings and events in London, 16 regional screenings, 54 UK premieres and two world premieres from 23 different countries. The highlights included
14042-401: Was to promote respect and understanding about Jewish cultures worldwide. The festival became a national event in 2003 and was renamed the UK Jewish Film Festival. Over the years, the organisation developed a wide variety of film-based activities and collaborations that were offered year round. In 2011 it was renamed UK Jewish Film to recognise its all year round activity. In 2015 Michael Etherton
14161-528: Was with Stephen Fry , again interviewed by Sydney Samuelson. The festival opened with the 1997 German film Comedian Harmonists (directed by Joseph Vilsmaier), which was introduced by journalist and author David Winner . The programme contained films from Canada, the Netherlands, Israel, France and South Africa and many other countries. The South African film was Inside Out , a romantic coming-of-age tale directed by Neal Sundstrom. A second Yiddish film
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