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36-554: The town (located 35 km (22 mi) northwest of Ternopil , and 85 km (53 mi) southeast of Lviv ) lies on the Strypa River ( Ukrainian : Cтpипа ). It was mentioned for the first time in a document from 1166. In 1241, during the Mongol invasion of Europe , it was ransacked and destroyed. In 1639, Zboriv was granted city rights. Its present name comes from a noble Polish family of Zborowscy . Ten years later, Zboriv

72-549: A city hall and a culture hall. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the local economy experienced a deep downturn. During the 1990s (until present time) as a result of economic decline many working-age people emigrated - mostly as a low-skilled labourers in Western Europe or Russia. Nowadays, in spite of the unfavorable conditions, the younger generation is less likely to quit and prefer to commute daily to work in

108-632: A consequence of the Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939, Ternopil was incorporated into the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic as part of Ternopol Oblast . On 2 July 1941, the city was occupied by the Nazis. Between then and July 1943, 10,000 Jews were killed by Nazi Germans, and another 6,000 were rounded up and sent to Belzec extermination camp . A few hundred others went to labor camps. During most of this time Jews lived in

144-661: A permanent title, as were all the titles in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth . At any given time the Commonwealth had four hetmans – a Great Hetman and Field (deputy) Hetman each for both Poland and Lithuania. From 1585, the title could not be taken away without a proven charge of treachery, so most hetmans served for life. Jan Karol Chodkiewicz literally commanded

180-604: A survey conducted by the International Republican Institute in April-May 2023, 98 % of the city's population spoke Ukrainian at home, and 1 % spoke Russian. Ternopil is a centre for the light industry , food industry , radio-electronic and construction industries. In the Soviet and early post-Soviet period, a harvester plant and a porcelain factory operated in the city. Ternopil

216-588: A title first appeared in Czechia in the 15th century, assuming it stems from a Turkic language, it is possible it was introduced to Czechs by the Cumans . The Polish title Grand Crown Hetman ( Polish : hetman wielki koronny ) dates from 1505. The title of Hetman was given to the leader of the Polish Army . Until 1581 the hetman position existed only during specific campaigns and wars. After that, it became

252-582: Is twinned with: Former twin towns include: In 2021, Ternopil created international outrage, especially in the Jewish community, by deciding to name a city stadium in honor of Nazi collaborator Roman Shukhevych . Shukhevych was the military leader of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army during World War II and was known for his collaboration with the Nazi regime as well as his responsibility for

288-558: Is a city in western Ukraine , located on the banks of the Seret . Administratively, it serves as the administrative centre of Ternopil Oblast . Ternopil is one of the major cities of Western Ukraine and the historical regions of Galicia and Podolia . It is served by Ternopil Airport . The population of Ternopil was estimated at 225,004 (2022 estimate). The city is the administrative center of Ternopil Oblast ( region ), as well as of surrounding Ternopil Raion ( district ) within

324-675: Is a political title from Central and Eastern Europe , historically assigned to military commanders (comparable to a field marshal or imperial marshal in the Holy Roman Empire ). First used by the Czechs in Bohemia in the 15th century, it was the title of the second-highest military commander after the king in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 16th to 18th centuries. Throughout much of

360-509: Is an important railway hub with connections to most major railway stations of Ukraine. The city lies on the M12 international highway connecting western and central regions of Ukraine. Trolleybus lines and a bus station are active in the city. Water transport operates on Ternopil artificial lake mostly for tourist purposes. An airport was opened for civilian traffic in 1985, but ceased commercial operations in 2010. Universities include: Ternopil

396-534: Is today the term for the elected governor of a Czech region ( kraj ). For much of the history of Romania and the Principality of Moldavia , hetmans were second in rank in the army, after the ruling prince, who held the position of voivode . Hetman has often been used figuratively to mean 'commander' or simply 'leader'. Examples: Queen (chess piece) is called hetman in Polish and coded as H in

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432-732: The "renaming of its stadium in honor of Nazi collaborator, Hauptmann of the SS Schutzmannschaft 201, Roman Shukhevych, an active participant in the mass murder of Jews and Poles in World War II." In June 2022, due to full-scale Russian invasion and missile strikes from the territory of Belarus , Ternopil suspended its partnership with the city of Pinsk . An international open-air music festival called Faine Misto  [ uk ] has been held annually near Ternopil for 2–4 days in July since 2013. Hetman Hetman

468-556: The 11th Artillery Brigade , descendant of artillery units that had been based in the city since 1949, was disbanded. In 2020, as part of the administrative reform in Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three, the city was merged into Ternopil Raion. During the Russo-Ukrainian War , Ternopil was struck by Russian missiles on 13 May 2023, minutes before Ternopil natives Tvorchi performed at

504-699: The Commonwealth . From 1648, the start of Bohdan Khmelnytsky 's uprising , a hetman was the head of the whole Ukrainian State — Hetmanshchyna and heads of the Cossack Hetmanate . As supreme military commanders and lawmakers (by administrative decree), they had very broad powers, although they were elected. After the split of Ukraine along the Dnieper River by the 1667 Polish – Russian Treaty of Andrusovo , Ukrainian Cossacks (and Cossack hetmans) became known as Left-bank Cossacks (of

540-568: The Cossack Hetmanate ) and Right-bank Cossacks. In the Russian Empire , the office of Cossack Hetman was abolished by Catherine II of Russia in 1764. The last Hetman of the Zaporozhian Army (the formal title of the hetman of Ukraine) was Kyrylo Rozumovsky , who reigned from 1751 until 1764. The title was revived in Ukraine during the revolution of 1917 to 1921. In early 1918, a conservative German-supported coup overthrew

576-576: The Eurovision Song Contest 2023 . Ternopil has a moderate continental climate with cold winters and warm summers. According to Ukrainian Census (2001) , Ternopil city and Ternopil oblast are homogeneously populated by ethnic Ukrainians. Ternopil city and Ternopil oblast are also homogeneously Ukrainian-speaking. National structure of Ternopil Oblast - 1,138.5 (100%) Native languages in Ternopil: According to

612-700: The First Partition of Poland , the city came under Austrian rule. In 1809, after the War of the Fifth Coalition , the city came under Russian rule, incorporated into the newly created Ternopol krai , but in 1815 returned to Austrian rule in accordance with the Congress of Vienna . In 1870 Tarnopol was connected by railway with Lemberg . During World War I , the city passed from German and Austro-Hungarian forces to Russia several times. In 1917,

648-658: The Stalag 323 prisoner-of-war camp for French POWs in the city. During the Soviet offensive in March and April 1944, the city was almost completely destroyed by Soviet artillery. Finally, Ternopol was occupied by the Red Army on 15 April 1944. After the second Soviet occupation, 85% of the city's living quarters were destroyed. Following the Potsdam Conference in 1945, Poland's borders were redrawn and Ternopil

684-804: The Tarnopol Ghetto . Many Ukrainians were sent as forced labour to Germany. Following the Act of restoration of the Ukrainian state proclaimed in Lviv on 30 June 1941, Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) was active in Ternopil region and battled for the independence of Ukraine, opposing Nazis, Polish underground Armia Krajowa and People's Army of Poland as well as the Soviets. In 1942 the Germans operated

720-697: The Ukrainian People's Republic , Ternopil formally became part of the UPR. On 15 July 1919, the city was captured. by Polish forces. In July and August 1920, the Red Army captured Ternopil in the course of the Polish-Soviet War , and the city served as the capital of the short-lived Galician Soviet Socialist Republic . Under the terms of the Riga treaty , the area remained under Polish control. As

756-658: The massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia . As a result, the City Council of Tarnów decided to suspend its partnership with Ternopil. Joel Lion , the Israeli Ambassador to Ukraine , expressed Israel’s strong objection to the city's choice to name the stadium in honor of Roman Shukhevych. Lion wrote, "We strongly condemn the decision of Ternopil city council to name the City Stadium after

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792-407: The army from his deathbed (1621). Hetmans were not paid by the royal treasury. Hetmans were the main commanders of the military forces, second only to the monarch in the army's chain of command . The fact that they could not be removed by the monarch made them very independent, and thus often able to pursue independent policies. This system worked well when a hetman had great ability and the monarch

828-702: The city and its castle were burned down by fleeing Russian forces . After the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the city was proclaimed as part of the West Ukrainian People's Republic on 11 November 1918. After Polish forces captured Lwów during the Polish-Ukrainian War , Tarnopol became the country's temporary capital. After the act of union between the West Ukrainian Republic and

864-690: The eastern borders of Polish Kingdom from Tatar raids. In 1570, the city passed to the Ostrogski family , and in 1623 to the Zamoyski family . During the Khmelnytsky Uprising , many residents of the city joined the ranks of the Cossack forces. During the 1672–1676 Polish–Ottoman War , Tarnopol was almost completely destroyed by Turkish forces of Ibrahim Shishman Pasha in 1675, then rebuilt by Aleksander Koniecpolski . In 1772, after

900-574: The history of Romania and the Moldavia , hetmans were the second-highest army rank. In the modern Czech Republic , the title is used for regional governors . The term hetman was a Polish borrowing, most likely stemming via Czech from the Turkic title ataman (literally 'father of horsemen'), however it could also come from the German Hauptmann – captain. Since hetman as

936-579: The infamous Hauptman (Captain) of the SS 201st Schutzmannschaft Roman Shukhevych and demand the immediate cancellation of this decision" . The Eastern Europe Director of the Simon Wiesenthal Center , Efraim Zuroff wrote, "It is fully understandable that Ternopil seeks to honor those who fought against Soviet Communism, but not those behind the mass murder of innocent fellow citizens." in a statement attempting to convince Ternopil to reconsider

972-537: The larger cities Ternopil and Lviv, which offer wider job opportunities. Until 18 July 2020, Zboriv was the administrative center of Zboriv Raion . The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine , which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three. The area of Zboriv Raion was merged into Ternopil Raion. 49°40′N 25°09′E  /  49.667°N 25.150°E  / 49.667; 25.150 Ternopil Ternopil , known until 1944 mostly as Tarnopol ,

1008-432: The oblast. It hosts the administration of Ternopil urban hromada , one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Until 18 July 2020, Ternopil was designated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to Ternopil Raion even though it was the center of the raion. As part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three, the city was merged into Ternopil Raion. The city

1044-618: The powers of the hetmans. The Hetman office was abolished after the Third Partition of Poland (1795). At the end of the sixteenth century, the commanders of the Zaporizhian Cossacks were titled Koshovyi Otaman or Hetman ; Christof Kosynsky was the first Zaporizhian hetman . In 1572, a hetman was a commander of the Registered Cossack Army ( Ukrainian : Реєстрове козацьке військо ) of

1080-493: The radical socialist Ukrainian Central Rada and its Ukrainian People's Republic , establishing a hetmanate monarchy headed by Pavlo Skoropadskyi , who claimed the title Hetman of Ukraine . This regime lasted until late 1918, when it was overthrown by a new Directorate of Ukraine , of a re-established Ukrainian People's Republic. Used by the Czechs in Bohemia from the Hussite Wars (15th century) onward, hejtman

1116-623: The summer of 1944 due to the Soviet offensive. Under Soviet rule (1944–1991), Zboriv was rebuilt and redeveloped. Construction plant and a small food processing factory were built in the 1960s. A significant part of the local budget relied on agriculture and governmental subsidies. The state farm in Zboriv was one of the best in the region. In the 1980s, the town became the object of serious governmental investments. Among these few new town improvements were built, like: cinema, agricultural market, new secondary school, waterbike lake station, football stadium,

Zboriv - Misplaced Pages Continue

1152-667: Was besieged by the Tartar-Cossack armies during the Khmelnytsky Uprising . In 1913, Zboriv had about 6000 inhabitants, including 2400 Ukrainians, 1300 Poles and 2300 Jews. During World War I , the town's vicinity was the site of heavy fighting between the Czechoslovak legionnaires and the Austrian Army (June 1917, Battle of Zborov ). After the Polish-Ukrainian war 1918-1919, it became part of Poland and

1188-644: Was founded in 1540 by Polish commander and Hetman Jan Amor Tarnowski . Its Polish name Tarnopol means 'Tarnowski's city' and stems from a combination of the founder's family name and the Greek term polis . The city served as a military stronghold and castle On 15 April 1540, the King of Poland , Sigismund I the Old , in Kraków gave Tarnowski permission to establish Tarnopol, near Sopilcze ( Sopilche ). protecting

1224-541: Was incorporated into the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union . The ethnic Polish population of the area was forcibly deported to postwar Poland In the following decades, Ternopil was rebuilt in a typical Soviet style and only a few buildings were reconstructed. Following the fall of the Soviet Union , Ternopil became part of the independent Ukraine as a city of regional significance . On 31 December 2013,

1260-597: Was the seat of a powiat of the Tarnopol Voivodeship . In 1941, during World War II , Zboriv was the site of a mass murder conducted by Germans of the Einsatzgruppen , along with local Ukrainians. Information about the Jewish community destroyed during the Holocaust can be found in a Yizkor book published by Jews who fled Zborow and survived the Holocaust. The town was completely destroyed in

1296-595: Was weak, but sometimes produced disastrous results in the opposite case. The security of the position notably contrasted with that of military leaders in states bordering the commonwealth, where sovereigns could dismiss their army commanders at any time. In 1648 the Zaporizhian Host (a Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth subject) elected a hetman of its own, Bohdan Khmelnytsky , igniting the Ukrainian struggle for independence. The military reform of 1776 curtailed

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