A windmill is a structure that converts wind power into rotational energy using vanes called sails or blades, by tradition specifically to mill grain ( gristmills ), but in some parts of the English-speaking world, the term has also been extended to encompass windpumps , wind turbines , and other applications. The term wind engine is also sometimes used to describe such devices.
58-876: Zeldenrust is a name given to some windmills in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands. Zeldenrust, Budel , a windmill in North Brabant , the Netherlands Zeldenrust, Dokkum a windmill in Friesland, the Netherlands Zeldenrüst, Emden , a windmill in Lower Saxony , Germany Zeldenrust, Geffen , a windmill in North Brabant , the Netherlands Zeldenrust, Hooge Zwaluwe ,
116-429: A hollow-post mill, the post on which the body is mounted is hollowed out, to accommodate the drive shaft. This makes it possible to drive machinery below or outside the body while still being able to rotate the body into the wind. Hollow-post mills driving scoop wheels were used in the Netherlands to drain wetlands since the early 15th century onwards. By the end of the 13th century, the masonry tower mill, on which only
174-687: A huge waste problem in Denmark and countries Denmark, to a greater and greater extent, export its many produced wind turbines. " The reason why many wings end up in landfill is that they are incredibly difficult to separate from each other, which you will have to do if you hope to be able to recycle the fiberglass ", says Lykke Margot Ricard, Associate Professor in Innovation and Technological Foresight and education leader for civil engineering in Product Development and Innovation at
232-539: A landfill at Gerringe in the middle of Lolland in 2020. In the United States , worn-out wind turbine blades made of fiberglass go to the handful of landfills that accept them (e.g., in Lake Mills , Iowa; Sioux Falls , South Dakota; Casper ). Windpumps were used to pump water since at least the 9th century in what is now Afghanistan , Iran , and Pakistan . The use of windpumps became widespread across
290-407: A small turbine in the back that helped the main mill to face the direction of the wind. Common sails consist of a lattice framework on which the sailcloth is spread. The miller can adjust the amount of cloth spread according to the wind and the power needed. In medieval mills, the sailcloth was wound in and out of a ladder-type arrangement of sails. Later mill sails had a lattice framework over which
348-509: A wind-driven wheel to power a machine. His description of a wind-powered organ is not a practical windmill but was either an early wind-powered toy or a design concept for a wind-powered machine that may or may not have been a working device, as there is ambiguity in the text and issues with the design. Another early example of a wind-driven wheel was the prayer wheel , which is believed to have been first used in Tibet and China , though there
406-643: A windmill in Groningen , the Netherlands Zeldenrust, Zuidbarge , a windmill in Drenthe, the Netherlands People with the surname [ edit ] Furhgill Zeldenrust (born 1989), Dutch footballer Salomon Zeldenrust (1884–1958), Dutch fencer Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Zeldenrust . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
464-534: A windmill in North Brabant , the Netherlands Zeldenrust, Lith , a windmill in North Brabant , the Netherlands Zeldenrust, Nieuw-Schiemda a windmill in Groningen , the Netherlands Zeldenrust, Oss , a windmill in North Brabant , the Netherlands Zeldenrust, Overasselt a windmill in Gelderland , the Netherlands Zeldenrust, Viersel , a windmill in Antwerp , Belgium Zeldenrust, Westerwijtwerd
522-519: Is a windmill-like structure specifically developed to generate electricity. They can be seen as the next step in the development of the windmill. The first wind turbines were built by the end of the nineteenth century by James Blyth in Scotland (1887), Charles F. Brush in Cleveland, Ohio (1887–1888) and Poul la Cour in Denmark (1890s). La Cour's mill from 1896 later became the local power of
580-404: Is that the earliest type of European windmill was the post mill, so named because of the large upright post on which the mill's main structure (the "body" or "buck") is balanced. By mounting the body this way, the mill can rotate to face the wind direction; an essential requirement for windmills to operate economically in north-western Europe, where wind directions are variable. The body contains all
638-453: Is uncertainty over the date of its first appearance, which could have been either c. 400 , the 7th century, or after the 9th century. One of the earliest recorded working windmill designs found was invented sometime around 700–900 AD in Persia . This design was the panemone, with vertical lightweight wooden sails attached by horizontal struts to a central vertical shaft. It
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#1732790419470696-878: The Cape Colony in the seventeenth century. The early tower mills did not survive the gales of the Cape Peninsula , so in 1717 the Heeren XVII sent carpenters, masons, and materials to construct a durable mill. The mill, completed in 1718, became known as the Oude Molen and was located between Pinelands Station and the Black River. Long since demolished, its name lives on as that of a Technical school in Pinelands . By 1863, Cape Town had 11 mills stretching from Paarden Eiland to Mowbray . A wind turbine
754-776: The Enercon E-126 capable of delivering up to 7 MW, while wind turbine production has expanded to many countries. As the 21st century began, rising concerns over energy security , global warming , and eventual fossil fuel depletion led to an expansion of interest in all available forms of renewable energy . Worldwide, many thousands of wind turbines are now operating, with a total nameplate capacity of 591 GW as of 2018. In an attempt to make wind turbines more efficient and increase their energy output, they are being built bigger, with taller towers and longer blades, and being increasingly deployed in offshore locations. While such changes increase their power output, they subject
812-632: The Jurchen Jin dynasty in the north), introduced by the travels of Yelü Chucai to Turkestan in 1219. Vertical-axle windmills were built, in small numbers, in Europe during the 18th and nineteenth centuries, for example Fowler's Mill at Battersea in London, and Hooper's Mill at Margate in Kent . These early modern examples seem not to have been directly influenced by the vertical-axle windmills of
870-571: The Muslim world and later spread to East Asia ( China ) and South Asia ( India ). Windmills were later used extensively in Europe, particularly in the Netherlands and the East Anglia area of Great Britain , from the late Middle Ages onwards, to drain land for agricultural or building purposes. The "American windmill", or "wind engine", was invented by Daniel Halladay in 1854 and
928-626: The University of Southern Denmark (SDU). According to Dakofa, the Danish Competence Center for Waste and Resources, there is nothing specific in the Danish waste order about how to handle discarded fiberglass. Several scrap dealers tell Ingeniøren that they have handled wind turbine blades (wings) that have been pulverized after being taken to a recycling station. One of them is the recycling company H.J. Hansen, where
986-474: The product manager informed, that they have transported approximately half of the wings they have received since 2012 to Reno Nord's landfill in Aalborg. A total of around 1,000 wings have ended up there, he estimates - and today up to 99 percent of the wings the company receives end up in a landfill. Since 1996, according to an estimate made by Lykke Margot Ricard ( SDU ) in 2020, at least 8,810 tonnes of
1044-571: The wind turbine design technologies in use today, including steel tube towers, variable-speed generators, composite blade materials, and partial-span pitch control, as well as aerodynamic, structural, and acoustic engineering design capabilities. The modern wind power industry began in 1979 with the serial production of wind turbines by Danish manufacturers Kuriant, Vestas , Nordtank , and Bonus . These early turbines were small by today's standards, with capacities of 20–30 kW each. Since then, commercial turbines have increased greatly in size, with
1102-712: The 9th century. Such windmills were in widespread use across the Middle East and Central Asia and later spread to Europe, China, and India from there. By the 11th century, the vertical-axle windmill had reached parts of Southern Europe, including the Iberian Peninsula (via Al-Andalus ) and the Aegean Sea (in the Balkans ). A similar type of horizontal windmill with rectangular blades, used for irrigation, can also be found in thirteenth-century China (during
1160-476: The Dutch in the 17th century to overcome the limitations of tower windmills, which were expensive to build and could not be erected on wet surfaces. The lower half of the smock windmill was made of brick, while the upper half was made of wood, with a sloping tower shape that added structural strength to the design. This made them lightweight and able to be erected on unstable ground. The smock windmill design included
1218-402: The Dutch victims of the 2014 Malaysian Airlines Flight 17 shootdown . Gears inside a windmill convey power from the rotary motion of the sails to a mechanical device. The sails are carried on the horizontal windshaft. Windshafts can be wholly made of wood, wood with a cast iron pole end (where the sails are mounted), or entirely of cast iron. The brake wheel is fitted onto the windshaft between
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#17327904194701276-573: The Mediterranean Sea, tower mills with fixed caps were built because the wind's direction varied little most of the time. The smock mill is a later development of the tower mill, where the masonry tower is replaced by a wooden framework, called the "smock", which is thatched, boarded, or covered by other materials, such as slate , sheet metal , or tar paper . The smock is commonly of octagonal plan, though there are examples with different numbers of sides. Smock windmills were introduced by
1334-487: The Middle East during the reign of Rashidun caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab ( r. 634–644 ), based on the caliph's conversation with a Persian builder slave. The authenticity of part of the anecdote involving the caliph Umar is questioned because it was recorded only in the 10th century. The Persian geographer Estakhri reported windmills being operated in Khorasan (Eastern Iran and Western Afghanistan) already in
1392-23430: The Netherlands Drenthe Aalden Barger-Compascuum Coevorden Dalen De Bente Jan Pol De Groeve De Wijk Diever Emmer-Compascuum Erica Gasselternijveen Gieten Gieterveen Grolloo Havelte Hoogeveen Makkum Meppel De Vlijt De Weert Nijeveen De Sterrenberg Lutke's Meule Tjasker Noord-Sleen Norg De Hoop Noordenveld Oudemolen Peize Roderwolde Rolde Ruinen Schoonoord Sleen Veenoord Vledder Wachtum Weerdinge Zeijen Bollenveen Meesterveen Zuidbarge Zuidlaren Zuidwolde Flevoland Friesland (A–C , D , E–G , H–I , J–K , L–M , N–P , R–S , T–V , (W–Z) Achlum Akkrum Aldtsjerk Allingawier Anjum Augustusga Bolsward De Klaver Lonjé Molen Tjasker Broeksterwâld De Broekmolen De Grote Molen Buitenpost Burdaard De Olifant De Zwaluw Burgwerd Aylvapoldermolen De Hiemerter Mole Burum Cornwerd Damwâld De Blesse De Hoeve Dokkum De Hoop De Mearmin Zeldenrust Dronryp De Hatsumermolen De Poelen Kingmatille Earnewâld Easterein Easterlittens Elsloo Ezumazijl Feinsum Formerum Franeker Goëngahuizen De Jansmolen De Modderige Bol Roekmole Heechheim Goutum Kramersmolen Molen Hoogland Grou De Bird De Borgmolen De Haensmolen Tjasker Hallum Hantum Hartwerd Heerenveen Hogebeintum Hollum Holwerd De Hoop Miedenmolen Húns Iens IJlst De Rat Terpensmole Jislum Joure De Groene Molen Penninga's Molen Kimswerd Kollum Kollumerpomp Koudum Langweer Leeuwarden Cammingha-Buurstermolen Froskepôlemolen Lekkum Lollum Makkinga Marrum De Grote Molen De Kleilânsmole De Phenix Marssum De Marssumermolen Terpzigt Menaam De Kievit De Rentmeester Metslawier Mildam Munnekezijl Nes Nij Beets Nijemirdum Nijetrijne Boktjasker De Reiger De Rietvink Nijhuizum Noordwolde Oppenhuizen Oude Leije Oudega Paesens Rinsumageast Readtsjerk Ryptsjerk Schalsum Scharsterbrug Sexbierum Sintjohannesga Sleat Stiens De Hoop De Kleine Molen De Steenhuistermolen Sumar Surhuisterveen Tijnje Boezemmolen No. 1 Tjasker Tjerkwerd Tytsjerk De Himriksmole De Lytse Geast Tzum Fatum Teetlum Veenwouden Vegelingsoord Vrouwenparochie Wanswerd Wartena Wergea De Hempenserpoldermolen Paaltjasker Westergeest Wijckel Winsum Witmarsum De Onderneming De Pankoekstermolen Wolvega De Gooyer Windlust Workum De Nijlânnermolen De Snip Het Heidenschap Ybema's Molen Woudsend De Jager 't Lam Wyns Gelderland Afferden Alphen aan de Maas Alverna Arnhem Boktjasker De Hoop De Kroon Het Fortuyn Huizermolen Mijn Genoegen post mill built in 1925 post mill built in 1946 post mill built in 1989 smock mill built in 1960 Batenburg Beesd Beneden-Leeuwen Bergharen Beuningen Braamt Bredevoort Breedenbroek Buren Culemborg De Hoop Johanna De Heurne Deil Dichteren Didam Doetinchem Benninkmolen De Walmolen Ede Concordia De Keetmolen Ede-Doesburgerbuurt Elden Elspeet Etten Garderen Geesteren Geldermalsen De Bouwing smock mill Giesbeek Gorssel Groesbeek Haaften Harderwijk Harreveld Harskamp Hattem Hellouw Achterse Molen Hooglandse Molen 't Veertje Hernen Herveld Heumen Hulshorst Hurwenen Ingen Kekerdom Kerkdriel Kesteren Klarenbeek Laag-Keppel Lienden De Marsch De Zwaan Linde Lintelo Lobith Loechem-Zwiep Loil Lunteren Maurik Meddo Miste Nederasselt Nederhemert Neede Nieuw-Wehl Nijkerk-Appel Nijmegen Sint Annamolen Witte Molen Nunspeet Oene Oldebroek Oostendorp Oud-Zevenaar Overasselt Putten Rekken Rha Rijswijk Ruurlo Silvolde Steenderen Stokkum Terschuur Terwolde Twello Vaassen Valburg Varik Varsseveld Veessen Voorst Vorden De Hoop Hackforter Mölen Vragender Waardenbrug 18th-century mill mill built in 1867 Wadenoijen Wageningen Walderveen Wapenveld De Vlijt De Wielwaal Warken Warnsveld Wenum Wijchen Wilp-Posterenk Winsen Winterswijk De Bataaf Venemansmolen Zeddam De Volharding Grafelijke Korenmolen Zelhem-Wittebrink Zevenaar Zoelen Zuilichem De Hoop smock mill Groningen Adorp Aduard Bellingwolde Bourtange Delfzijl Den Andel Den Ham Eemshaven Eenrum Enumatil Farmsum Feerwerd Ganzedijk Garmerwolde Garnwerd Garsthuizen Glimmen Grijpskerk De Kievit Westerhornermolen Haren Haren-Hoornsedijk Harkstede Heiligerglee Hoeksmeer Kantens Kolham Kropswolde Laskwerd Leegkerk Loppersum Mensingeweer Middelstum Neibert Nieuw-Scheemda De Dellen Westerse Molen Nieuwe-Pekela Niezijl Noordbroek Noordbroeksterhamrik Norddijk Noorderhoogebrug Noordhorn Noordlaren Oldehove Aeolus De Leeuw Onderdendam Onnen Oude-Pekela Overschild Peiterburen Sebaldeburen Slochteren De Ruiten Fraeylemamolen Groote Polder Molen Spijk Ten Boer Bovenrijge De Widde Meuln Ten Post Ter Haar Thesinge Uithuizen Usquert Veelerveen Vierhuizen Vierverlaten Visvliet Vriescheloo Wedderbergen Wedderveer Westerwijtwerd De Palen Zeldenrust Wetsinge Winschoten Molen Dijkstra Molen Edens Winsum De Ster De Vriendschap Woltersum Zandeweer Zeerijp Zuidwolde Koningslaagte Krimstermolen 't Witte Lam Zuurdijk Limburg Afferden Baexem Beegden Beek Beesel Bemelen-Wolfshuis Gennep Heijen-Diekendaal Heythuysen-Areven Horn De Hoop De Welvaart Kessel Maasbracht Maastricht Melick Merselo Meterik Nederweert-Kreijel Nederweert-Roeven Nuth Oirsbeek Ospel Ottersum Roggel Sint Odiliënburg Stevensweert Stramproy Molen van Nijs Sint Jan Swartbroek Ubachsberg Urmond Venray Sint Oda Weert-Hushoven Weert-Keent Weert-Laar Weert-Tungelroy North Brabant Aalst Almkerk Oude Doornse Molen Zandwijkse Molen Asten Bakel Bavel Bergeijk Beugen Boekel Borkel Budel Janzona Nooit Gedacht Zeldenrust Den Dungen-Maaskantje Den Hout Deurne Holten's Molen Maria-Antoinette Dieden Dongen Drunen Dussen Eindhoven-Acht Etten-Leur Gassel Geffen De Vlijt Zeldenrust Geldrop Gemert Goirle De Visscher De Wilde Halsteren Hank Hapert Haps Heensche Molen Heeze Heusden Nummer I Nummer II Nummer III Hilvarenbeek Hoeven Hooge Zwaluwe Huijbergen Kaatsheuvel De Couwenbergh De Eendragt Katwijk-Linden Leur De Lelie Zwartenbergse Molen Lieshout De Leest Vogelenzang Liessel Lith Luyksgestel Made Meerveldhoven Meeuwen Megen Mierlo Mierlo-Ellenaar Milheeze Mill Moergestel Nieuw-Borgvliet Nieuw-Vossemeer Nieuwkuijk Nispen Nistelrode Nuenen Oeffelt Oirschot Oisterwijk Oploo Oss Nieuwe Leven Zeldenrust Oudemolen Raamsdonksveer Ravenstein Reek Rijkevoort Roosendaal De Hoop De Twee Gebroeders Rosmalen post mill Rucpen-Bosschenhoofd Schaijk Schijndel Aan de Pegstukken Catharina Sint Agatha Sint Hubert Sint Michielsgestel Sleeuwijk Someren De Victor Den Eveert Sprang Sprundel Terheijden Uden Ulvenhout Veen Veldhoven Veldhoven-Zeelst Vessem Vlierden Volkel Vorstenbosch Wanroij Werkendam Wijk en Aalburg Willemsted Woudrichem Wouw Zeeland Aarssensemolen Coppensmolen Zeeland-Oventje Zevenburgen Zundert North Holland Aalsmeer De Leeuw De Zwarte Ruiter Stommeermolen Aartswoud Akersloot De Oude Knegt Noordermolen Alkmaar De Eendracht De Piet De Viaan Geestmolen Robonsbosmolen Alkmaar-Koedikl Amstelveen Amsterdam De Bloem De Gooyer De Otter Amsterdam-Buiksloot Amsterdam-Biekenveldert Amsterdam-Sloten Amsterdam Slotermeer De 1100 Roe De 1200 Roe Amsterdam Zuid-Oost Ankeveen Anna Paulowna Bergen Damlandermolen Philisteinse Molen Bovenkarspel Broek op Langdedijk Burgerbrug Molen F Molen Zuider-G Burgervlotbrug Callantsoog De Waal Den Oever Driemond Edam Egmond aan den Hoef Bosmolen Wimmenumer Molen Enkhuizen Etersheim Groenveld Groet-Schoorl Grootschermer De Havik Menningweermolen post mill Haarlem De Adriaan Schoterveense Molen Haarlem-Penningsveer De Kleine Veer De Veer Haarlem-Schalkwijk De Eenhoorn De Kleine Molen Haarlem-Vijfhuizen Heemstede Heerhugowaard Heiloo Hensbroek Hippolytushoef Hofddorp Hoogwoud De Lastdrager De Vier Winden Katwoude Koog aan de Zaan Kortenhoef Krommeniedijk Landsmeer Laren Medemblik Middenbeemster Muiderberg Neck Nederhorst den Berg Nieuwe Niedorp Obdam Berkmeermolen Obdammermolen Weel & Braken Oosterblokker Oosterend Oostwoud Oostzaan Oterleek Oude Niedorp Ouderkerk aan de Amstel Oudeschild Oudorp Ambachtsmolen Strijkmolen B Strijkmolen C Strijkmolen D Strijkmolen E 't Roode Hert Rustenburg Strijkmolen I Strijkmolen K Strijkmolen L Santpoort Schagerbrug Molen D Molen O-D Schellinkhout De Grote Molen Johan Schermerhorn Bovenmolen E Bovenmolen G Ondermolen C Ondermolen D Ondermolen K Poldermolen O Schoorl Hagermolen Kijkduin Schoorldam Sint Maartensvlotbrug Molen N-G Molen N-M Sint Pancras Spaarndam-Oost Spanbroek De Kaagmolen De Westerveer Stompetoren Poldermolen D Poldermolen E Poldermolen M Tuitjenhorn 't Zand Molen O-T Molen P-V Uitgeest De Dog De Dorregeester De Jonge Leeuw De Kat Tweede Broekermolen Ursem Waarland Poldermolen Slootgaardmolen Weesp De Eendragt De Vriendschap 't Haantje Wervershoof Westzaan De Jonge Dirk De Schoolmeester De Veldmuis De Zwaan Het Prinsenhof Wieringerwaard Wijdenes Wogmeer Wognum Wormer Zaandam ( Zaanse Schans De Bonte Hen De Gekroonde Poelenburg De Huisman De Kat De Os De Zoeker Het Jonge Schaap Het Klaverblad ) De Hadel De Held Jozua De Kroosduiker De Ooievaar De Windhond De Zwarte Kalf Kaatmolen Zaandijk Zuidschermer Paaltjasker Poldermolen K Overijssel Almelo Ane Balkbrug Dalfsen Denekamp Borgelinkmolen Nieuwe Molen Deventer Fleringen Geesteren Giethoorn Noord Zuid Goor Haaksbergen Hardenberg Hasselt Hellendoorn De Hoop De Wippe Holten-Dijkerhoek Kampen Lattrop Lettele Lonneker Markelo Marle Olst Ommen De Besthmenermolen De Konijnenbelt De Lelie Den Oordt Ootmarsum Ossenzijl , Radewijk Reutum Rijssen Saasveld Sint Jansklooster De Foeke Monnikenmolen Slagharen Staphorst Tilligte Usselo Vilsteren Vriezenveen Welsum Wijhe Windesheim Zalk Zwolle South Holland Aarlanderveen De Morgenster Molen Nummer 1 Molen Nummer 2 Molen Nummer 3 Molen Nummer 4 Abbenbroek Achthuizen Alblasserdam De Blokweerse Molen Kortlandse Molen Alphen aan den Rijn De Eendracht Vrouwgeestmolen Arkel Barendrecht Benthuizen Bergambacht Berkel en Rodenrijs Bleskensgraaf Hofwegensemolen Tjasker Wingerdse Molen Bodegraven Brielle Delft Den Bommel Dirksland Dordrecht Geervliet Giessendam Goedereede Gorinchem De Hoop Nooit Volmaakt Oostmolen Westmolen Gouda De Roode Leeuw Haastrechtse Molen 't Slot Goudriaan Goudswaard Groot Ammers Achterlandse Molen De Achtkante Molen De Graaflandse Molen De Jonge Sofia Gelkense Molen Hazerswoude-Dorp Gere Molen Nieuw Leven Rietveldse Molen Rooie Wuip Hazerswoude-Rijndijk De Rijnenburger Groenendijkse Molen Hei- en Boeicop Hellevoetsluis Herkingen Hoogmade Doesmolen Grosmolen Hoogmadese Molen Vlietmolen Hook of Holland Hoornaar Oudendijkse Molen Scheiwijkse Molen Kaag Katwijk aan den Rijn Kinderdijk Nederwaard Molen Nummer 1 Nederwaard Molen Nummer 2 Nederwaard Molen Nummer 3 Nederwaard Molen Nummer 4 Nederwaard Molen Nummer 5 Nederwaard Molen Nummer 6 Nederwaard Molen Nummer 7 Nederwaard Molen Nummer 8 Overwaard Molen Nummer 1 Overwaard Molen Nummer 2 Overwaard Molen Nummer 3 Overwaard Molen Nummer 4 Overwaard Molen Nummer 5 Overwaard Molen Nummer 6 Overwaard Molen Nummer 7 Overwaard Molen Nummer 8 Koudekerke aan den Rijn Hondsdikse Molen Lagenwaardse Molen Krimpen aan den IJssel Langerak Leerdam Leiden De Heesterboom De Herder De Put De Valk Kikkermolen Maredijkmolen Rodenburgermolen Stadsmolen Leiden-Stevenshof Leiderdorp Achthovense Molen Doeshofmolen Kalkmolen Munnikermolen Zijllaanmolen Leidschendam Bovenmolen De Salamander Middenmolen Ondermolen Lexmond Lisse Keukenhofmolen Lageveensemolen Lisserpoelmolen Zemelmolen Loosduinen Maasdam De Hoop Sint Anthonymolen Maasland De Drie Lelies Dijkmolen Maassluis De Hoop De Wippersmolen Meerkerk-Den Dool Mijnsheerenland De Goede Hoop Oostmolen Moerkapelle Molenaarsgraaf De Kerkmolen De Middelmolen Monster Nieuw-Beijerland Nieuw-Lekkerland Nieuwe-Tonge Nieuwenhoorn Nieuwerbrug Nieuwerkerk aan den IJssel Noordeloos Nordwijk Noordwijkerhout Nootdorp Oegstgeest Oostvoorne Oud-Ade Akkersslootmolen Rode Molen Vrouw Vennemolen Oud-Alblas De Peilmolen Kooijwijkse Molen Ouddorp De Hoop De Zwaan Oude-Tonge Oukoop Piershil Puttershoek Rijnsaterwoude De Geestmolen Dekkermolen Rijpwetering Adermolen Blauwe Molen Buurtermolen Lijkermolen Nummer 1 Lijkermolen Nummer 2 Moppermolen Waterloosmolen Rijsoord Rijswijk Rockanje Roelofarendsveen Googermolen Veendermolen Rotterdam-Charlois Rotterdam-Delfshaven Rotterdam-Hillegersbeeg Rotterdam-Kralingen De Lelie De Ster Rotterdam-Overschie Rotterdam-Terbregge Rozenburg Schiedam Babbersmolen De Drie Korenblomen De Kameel De Nieuwe Palmboom De Nolet De Noord De Vrijheid De Walvisch Schipluiden De Korpershoek Groeneveldse Molen 's-Gravendeel 's-Gravenzande Sommelsdijk Spijkenisse Stad aan 't Haringvliet Stellendam Streefkerk Broekmolen De Achtkante Molen De Liefde Klein Molen Oude Weteringmolen The Hague Laakmolen Nieuwe Veenmolen Vlaardingen Vlist Bonrepasmolen De Bachtenaar Vorburg Voorhout Voorschoten Warmond Boterhuismolen Broekdijkmolen De Kok Faljermolen Lakermolen Nieuwe Hofmolen Zwanburgermolen Zweilandermolen 't Poeltje Wassenaar Windlust Zuidwijksemolen Wateringen Westmaas Woerdense Verlaat Zevenhuizen Eendrachtsmolen Tweemanspolder Nummer 1 Tweemanspolder Nummer 2 Tweemanspolder Nummer 3 Tweemanspolder Nummer 4 Zoetermeer Zoetermeer-Dorp Zoetermeer-Rijndijk Barremolen Grote Molen Meerburgermolen Zuid-Beijerland Zuidland Zwamerdam De Dikke Molen Steektermolen Utrecht Abcoude De Broekzijde Molen Oostzijdse Molen Baambrugge Breukelen Bunschoten Cabauw Cothen Elst Groenekan IJsselstein Kockengen Kockengense Molen Spengense Molen Loenen aan de Vecht De Hoop Loenderveense Molen Montfoort Nieuwegein Nieuwersluis Nigteviecht Oud-Zuilen Buitenwegse Molen Westbroekse Molen Rhenen Soest Tienhoven Utrecht De Ster Rijn en Zon Veenendaal De Nieuwe Molen De Vriendschap Vreeland De Ruiter Hoekermolen Werkhoven Westbroek Wijk bij Duurstede Wilnis Woerden Zeeland Aagtekerke Arnemuiden Axel Biervliet Biggekerke Borssele Brouwershaven De Haan Windlust Burgh-Haamstede Cadzand Colijnsplaat De Oude Molen Nooit Gedacht Domburg Dreischor Eindewege Elkerzee-Scharendijke Ellemeet Gapinge Goes Grijpskerke Heinkenszand Hoedekenskerke Hoek Hulst IJzendijke Kerkwerve-Moriaanshoofd Kloetinge Kloosterzande Koudekerke Krabbendijke Kruiningen Kuitaart Meliskerke Middelburg De Hoop De Koning De Seismolen Ons Genoegen Nieuw- en Sint Joosland Nieuwerkerk Nieuwvliet Nisse Oost-Souburg Oosterland Oostkapelle Oud Vossemeer Ovezande Poortvliet Retranchement Rilland-Bath Scherpenisse Schoondijke Serooskerke 's-Gravenpolder Sint Annaland De Vier Winden post mill Sint Maartensdijk Sint Philipsland Sluis Spui Stavenisse Tholen Veere Vlissingen Waarde Wemeldinge Aeolus De Hoop Westkapelle Wissenkerke De Onderneming Landzigt Wolphaartsdijk Zierikzee De Hoop Den Haas Zonnemaire Zoutelande Zuidzande Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_windmills_in_North_Brabant&oldid=1240938878 " Categories : Windmills in North Brabant Lists of windmills in
1450-475: The Netherlands Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Use dmy dates from December 2021 Articles with Dutch-language sources (nl) Windmill Windmills were used throughout the high medieval and early modern periods ; the horizontal or panemone windmill first appeared in Persia during the 9th century, and
1508-512: The United States, Canada, Southern Africa, and Australia. They feature a large number of blades, so they turn slowly with considerable torque in low winds and are self-regulating in high winds. A tower-top gearbox and crankshaft convert the rotary motion into reciprocating strokes carried downward through a rod to the pump cylinder below. Such mills pumped water and powered feed mills, sawmills, and agricultural machinery. In Australia,
1566-682: The WIME-3D in service in Balaklava , USSR , from 1931 until 1942, a 100 kW generator on a 30-metre (98 ft) tower, the Smith–Putnam wind turbine built in 1941 on the mountain known as Grandpa's Knob in Castleton, Vermont , United States, of 1.25 MW, and the NASA wind turbines developed from 1974 through the mid-1980s. The development of these 13 experimental wind turbines pioneered many of
1624-425: The advantage of being able to run with a damaged sail by removing both the damaged sail and the one opposite, which does not unbalance the mill. In the Netherlands, the stationary position of the sails, i.e. when the mill is not working, has long been used to give signals. If the blades are stopped in a "+" sign (3-6-9-12 o'clock), the windmill is open for business. When the blades are stopped in an "X" configuration,
1682-440: The blade, and together, the system of the webs and spars resist the flapwise loading. Flapwise loading, one of the two different types of loading that blades are subject to, is caused by the wind pressure, and edgewise loading (the second type of loading) is caused by the gravitational force and torque load. The former loading subjects the spar laminate on the pressure (upwind) side of the blade to cyclic tension-tension loading, while
1740-500: The cap is rotated rather than the whole body of the mill, had been introduced. The spread of tower mills came with a growing economy that called for larger and more stable sources of power, though they were more expensive to build. In contrast to the post mill, only the cap of the tower mill needs to be turned into the wind, so the main structure can be made much taller, allowing the sails to be made longer, which enables them to provide useful work even in low winds. The cap can be turned into
1798-407: The components must be chosen appropriately. The blade of a wind turbine consists of 4 main elements: the root, spar, aerodynamic fairing, and surfacing. The fairing is composed of two shells (one on the pressure side, and one on the suction side), connected by one or more webs linking the upper and lower shells. The webs connect to the spar laminates, which are enclosed within the skins (surfacing) of
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1856-401: The components of the windmills to stronger forces and consequently put them at a greater risk of failure. Taller towers and longer blades suffer from higher fatigue, and offshore windfarms are subject to greater forces due to higher wind speeds and accelerated corrosion due to the proximity to seawater. To ensure a long enough lifetime to make the return on the investment viable, the materials for
1914-634: The development of the airplane led to further improvements in efficiency by German engineer Bilau and several Dutch millwrights. The majority of windmills have four sails. Multiple-sailed mills, with five, six, or eight sails, were built in Great Britain (especially in and around the counties of Lincolnshire and Yorkshire ), Germany, and less commonly elsewhere. Earlier multiple-sailed mills are found in Spain, Portugal, Greece, parts of Romania, Bulgaria, and Russia. A mill with an even number of sails has
1972-4500: The district Helmet in Schaerbeek in 1783, moved to Maarksem in 1885, moved here in 1896. [REDACTED] Roosendaal De Twee Gebroeders Stellingmolen 1872 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Rosmalen Rosmalen Windmill Standerdmolen 1732 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Rucpen-Bosschenhoofd De Heimolen Beltmolen 1866 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Schaijk De Onderneming Beltmolen 1888 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Schijndel Aan de Pegstukken Beltmolen 1845 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Schijndel Catharina Beltmolen 1837 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Sint Agatha Jan van Cuyk Beltmolen 1860 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Sint Hubert De Heimolen Beltmolen 1878 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Sleeuwijk Uitwijkse Molen Wipmolen 1700 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Someren De Victor Beltmolen 1853 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Someren Den Eveert Standerdmolen 1543 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Sprang Dye Sprancke Standerdmolen 1855 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Sprundel De Hoop Beltmolen 1840 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Sint Michielsgestel De Genenberg Beltmolen 1841 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Terheijden De Arend Stellingmolen 1742 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Uden Molen van Jeffen Standerdmolen 1811 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Ulvenhout De Korenbloem Beltmolen 1909 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Veen De Hoop Stellingmolen 1838 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Veldhoven Sint Jan Stellingmolen [REDACTED] Veldhoven-Zeelst Zilster Molen Beltmolen 1858 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Vessem Jacobus Beltmolen 1893 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Vlierden Johanna-Elisabeth Beltmolen 1844 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Volkel De Neije Kreiter Standerdmolen 1988 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Vorstenbosch Windlust Beltmolen 1820 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Wanroij Hamse Molen De Ster Standerdmolen 1811 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Werkendam Vervoorne Molen Grondzeiler 1700 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Wijk en Aalburg De Twee Gebroeders Stellingmolen 1872 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Willemstad D'Orangemolen Stellingmolen 1734 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Woudrichem Nooit Gedacht Stellingmolen 1995 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Wouw De Arend Beltmolen 1811 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Zeeland Aarssensemolen De Dageraad Beltmolen 1932 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Zeeland Coppensmolen Beltmolen 1883 Molendatabase (in Dutch) Zeeland-Oventje Sint Victor Stellingmolen 1938 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Zevenbergen Fleur Stellingmolen 1841 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Zundert De Akkermolen Standerdmolen 1625 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] v t e Windmills in
2030-456: The drainage mills have been appointed as a backup to the modern pumping stations. The Zaan district has been said to have been the first industrialized region of the world with around 600 operating wind-powered industries by the end of the eighteenth century. Economic fluctuations and the industrial revolution had a much greater impact on these industries than on grain and drainage mills, so only very few are left. Construction of mills spread to
2088-10094: The 💕 List of windmills in North Brabant, Netherlands A list of windmills in the Dutch province of North Brabant . Location Name of mill Type Built Notes Photograph Aalst Aalstermolen Beltmolen 1904 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Almkerk Oude Doornse Molen Grondzeiler c. 1700 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Almkerk Zandwijkse Molen Wipmolen 1699 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Asten De Oostenwind Standerdmolen 18th century Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Bakel Sint Willibrordus Standerdmolen 1586 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Bavel De Hoop Beltmolen 1865 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Bergeijk Bergeijk Windmill Standerdmolen c. 1758 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Beugen Martinus Beltmolen 1866 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Boekel Boekel Windmill Standerdmolen 1785 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Borkel Sint Antonius Abt Beltmolen 1865 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Budel Janzona Beltmolen 1937 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Budel Nooit Gedacht Stellingmolen 1846 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Budel Zeldenrust Bergmolen [REDACTED] Den Dungen - Maaskantje De Pelikaan Beltmolen 1864 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Den Hout De Hoop Beltmolen 1837 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Deurne Holten's Molen Beltmolen 1890 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Deurne Maria-Antoinette Beltmolen 1893 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Dieden Stella Polaris Stellingmolen 1866 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Dongen Koningin Wilhelmina Stellingmolen 1893 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Drunen Hertogin van Brabant Beltmolen 1838 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Dussen Noordeveldse Molen Nieuwe Molen Wipmolen 1797 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Eindhoven (Acht) Annemie Beltmolen 1891 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Etten De Bisschopsmolen Stellingmolen 1744 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Gassel Bergzicht Beltmolen 1817 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Geffen De Vlijt Standerdmolen 1875 Molendatabase (in Dutch) . Built in 1675 at Boxtel , moved here in 1875. [REDACTED] Geffen Zeldenrust Standerdmolen 2008 Molendatabase (in Dutch) . Built in 1621, moved in 1870, blown down 18 January 2007, rebuilt in 2008. [REDACTED] Geldrop 't Nupke Beltmolen 1843 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Gemert De Bijenkorf Stellingmolen 1908 Molendatabase (in Dutch) . built at Zaandijk , North Holland in 1665, dismantled in 1907 and rebuilt here in 1908. [REDACTED] Goirle De Visscher Beltmolen 1875 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Goirle De Wilde Beltmolen 1898 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Halsteren Sancto Antonio Sint Antonius Beltmolen 1817 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Hank Zuidhollandse Molen Grondzeiler 1791 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Hapert Hapert Windmill Grondzeiler 1896 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Haps Mariamolen Beltmolen 1797 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Heensche Molen De Vos Heensche Molen Grondzeiler 1714 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Heeze Sint Victor Beltmolen 1852 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Heusden Nummer I Standerdmolen 1971 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Heusedn Nummer II Standerdmolen 1973 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Heusden Nummer III Standerdmolen 1975 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Hilvarenbeek De Doornboom Beltmolen 1856 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Hoeven De Toekomst Beltmolen 1862 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Hooge Zwaluwe Zeldenrust Stellingmolen 1866 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Huijbergen Johanna Beltmolen 1862 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Kaatsheuvel De Couwenbergh Beltmolen 1849 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Kaatsheuvel De Eendragt Stellingmolen 1870 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Katwijk-Linden Katwijk-Linden Windmill Stellingmolen c. 1876 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Leur De Lelie Stellingmolen 1998 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Leur Zwartenbergse Molen Grondzeiler 1889 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Lieshout De Leest Beltmolen 1899 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Lieshout Vogelenzang Beltmolen Beltmolen 1819 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Liessel De Volksvriend Beltmolen 1903 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Lith Zeldenrust Beltmolen 1800 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Luyksgestel De Deen Beltmolen 1839 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Made Hoop Doet Leven Beltmolen 1867 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Meerveldhoven De Adriaan Beltmolen 1906 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Meeuwen De Witte Molen Grondzeiler 1740 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Megen Désiré Stellingmolen 1865 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Mierlo Mierlo Windmill Standerdmolen 1640 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Mierlo-Ellenaar Elderse Molen De Ellenaar Beltmolen 1851 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Milheeze Laurentia Beltmolen 1890 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Mill De Korenbloem Beltmolen 1847 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Moergestel Moergestel Windmill Standerdmolen 1852 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Nieuw-Borgvliet De Twee Vrienden Beltmolen 1890 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Nieuw-Vossemeer Assumburg Stellingmolen 1897 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Nieuwkuijk Emma Stellingmolen 1886 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Nispen Molen Van Aerden Beltmolen 1850 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Nistelrode Windlust Standerdmolen 1898 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Nuenen De Roosdonck Beltmolen 1884 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Oeffelt De Vooruitgang Beltmolen 1913 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Oirschot De Korenaar Stellingmolen 1857 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Oisterwijk Kerkhovense Molen Onvermoeid Stellingmolen 1895 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Oploo De Korenbloem Standerdmolen Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Oss Nieuwe Leven Stellingmolen 1895 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Oss Zeldenrust De Zwaluw Stellingmolen 1860 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Oudemolen De Oude Molen Stellingmolen 1845 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Raamsdonksveer De Onvermoide Stellingmolen 1890 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Ravenstein De Nijverheid De Raaf Stellingmolen 1857 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Reek De Hellemolen Beltmolen 1832 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Rijkevoort Luctor et Emergo Stellingmolen 1901 Molendatabase (in Dutch) [REDACTED] Roosendaal De Hoop Standerdmolen 1896 Molendatabase (in Dutch) . Built in 1684 at Schaerbeek , Belgium, moved to
2146-407: The front and rear bearings. It has the brake around the outside of the rim and teeth in the side of the rim which drives the horizontal gearwheel called wallower on the top end of the vertical upright shaft. In grist mills , the great spur wheel, lower down the upright shaft, drives one or more stone nuts on the shafts driving each millstone . Post mills sometimes have a head and/or tail wheel driving
2204-787: The horizontal windmill from Persia-Middle East to Southern Europe in the preceding century. The earliest certain reference to a windmill in Northern Europe (assumed to have been of the vertical type) dates from 1185, in the former village of Weedley in Yorkshire which was located at the southern tip of the Wold overlooking the Humber Estuary . Several earlier, but less certainly dated, 12th-century European sources referring to windmills have also been found. These earliest mills were used to grind cereals . The evidence at present
2262-521: The late 19th century, steel blades and towers replaced wooden construction. At their peak in 1930, an estimated 600,000 units were in use. Firms such as U.S. Wind Engine and Pump Company, Challenge Wind Mill and Feed Mill Company, Appleton Manufacturing Company, Star, Eclipse , Fairbanks-Morse , Dempster Mill Manufacturing Company , and Aermotor became the main suppliers in North and South America. These windpumps are used extensively on farms and ranches in
2320-567: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zeldenrust&oldid=1021346007 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Dutch-language surnames Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages List of windmills in North Brabant From Misplaced Pages,
2378-417: The medieval period, but to have been independent inventions by 18th-century engineers. The horizontal-axis or vertical windmill (so called due to the plane of the movement of its sails) is a development of the 12th century, first used in northwestern Europe, in the triangle of northern France , eastern England and Flanders . It is unclear whether the vertical windmill was influenced by the introduction of
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2436-456: The milling machinery. The first post mills were of the sunken type, where the post was buried in an earth mound to support it. Later, a wooden support was developed called the trestle . This was often covered over or surrounded by a roundhouse to protect the trestle from the weather and to provide storage space. This type of windmill was the most common in Europe until the 19th century when more powerful tower and smock mills replaced them. In
2494-657: The much greater figure of merit of CFRP. When the Vindeby Offshore Wind Farm was taken down in Denmark in 2017, 99% of the not- degradable fiberglass from 33 wind turbine blades ended as cut up at the Rærup Controlled Landfill near Aalborg and in 2020, with considerably larger fiberglass quantities, even though it is the least environmentally friendly way of handling waste . Scrapped wind turbine blades are set to become
2552-438: The nineteenth century. More recently, windmills have been preserved for their historic value, in some cases as static exhibits when the antique machinery is too fragile to be put in motion, and other cases as fully working mills. Of the 10,000 windmills in use in the Netherlands around 1850, about 1,000 are still standing. Most of these are being run by volunteers, though some grist mills are still operating commercially. Many of
2610-513: The sailcloth was spread, while in colder climates, the cloth was replaced by wooden slats, which were easier to handle in freezing conditions. The jib sail is commonly found in Mediterranean countries and consists of a simple triangle of cloth wound round a spar. In all cases, the mill needs to be stopped to adjust the sails. Inventions in Great Britain in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries led to sails that automatically adjust to
2668-446: The saws. Windmills have been used to power many other industrial processes, including papermills , threshing mills, and to process oil seeds, wool, paints, and stone products. In the 14th century, windmills became popular in Europe; the total number of wind-powered mills is estimated to have been around 200,000 at the peak in 1850, which is close to half of the some 500,000 water wheels . Windmills were applied in regions where there
2726-538: The stiffness, strength, and toughness requirements determined by the loading, the blade needs to be lightweight, and the weight of the blade scales with the cube of its radius. To determine which materials fit the criteria described above, a parameter known as the beam merit index is defined: Mb = E^1/2 / rho, where E is Young's modulus and rho is the density. The best blade materials are carbon fiber and glass fiber reinforced polymers ( CFRP and GFRP ). Currently, GFRP materials are chosen for their lower cost, despite
2784-415: The stone nuts directly, instead of the spur gear arrangement. Additional gear wheels drive a sack hoist or other machinery. The machinery differs if the windmill is used for other applications than milling grain. A drainage mill uses another set of gear wheels on the bottom end of the upright shaft to drive a scoop wheel or Archimedes' screw . Sawmills uses a crankshaft to provide a reciprocating motion to
2842-428: The suction (downwind) side of the blade is subject to cyclic compression-compression loading. Edgewise bending subjects the leading edge to a tensile load, and the trailing edge to a compressive load. The remainder of the shell, not supported by the spars or laminated at the leading and trailing edges, is designed as a sandwiched structure, consisting of multiple layers to prevent elastic buckling. In addition to meeting
2900-407: The vertical windmill first appeared in northwestern Europe in the 12th century. Regarded as an icon of Dutch culture , there are approximately 1,000 windmills in the Netherlands today. Wind-powered machines may have been known earlier, but there is no clear evidence of windmills before the 9th century. Hero of Alexandria (Heron) in first-century Roman Egypt described what appears to be
2958-608: The village of Askov. By 1908, there were 72 wind-driven electric generators in Denmark, ranging from 5 to 25 kW. By the 1930s, windmills were widely used to generate electricity on farms in the United States where distribution systems had not yet been installed, built by companies such as Jacobs Wind , Wincharger, Miller Airlite, Universal Aeroelectric, Paris-Dunn, Airline, and Winpower. The Dunlite Corporation produced turbines for similar locations in Australia. Forerunners of modern horizontal-axis utility-scale wind generators were
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#17327904194703016-489: The wind either by winches or gearing inside the cap or from a winch on the tail pole outside the mill. A method of keeping the cap and sails into the wind automatically is by using a fantail , a small windmill mounted at right angles to the sails, at the rear of the windmill. These are also fitted to tail poles of post mills and are common in Great Britain and English-speaking countries of the former British Empire, Denmark, and Germany but rare in other places. Around some parts of
3074-450: The wind speed without the need for the miller to intervene, culminating in patent sails invented by William Cubitt in 1807. In these sails, the cloth is replaced by a mechanism of connected shutters. In France, Pierre-Théophile Berton invented a system consisting of longitudinal wooden slats connected by a mechanism that lets the miller open them while the mill is turning. In the twentieth century, increased knowledge of aerodynamics from
3132-461: The windmill is closed or not functional. A slight tilt of the sails (top blade at 1 o'clock) signals joy, such as the birth of a healthy baby. A tilt of the blades to 11-2-5-8 o'clock signals mourning, or warning. It was used to signal the local region during Nazi operations in World War II, such as searches for Jews. Across the Netherlands, windmills were placed in mourning positions in honor of
3190-521: The wing scrap have been disposed of in Denmark, and the waste problem will grow significantly in the coming years when more and more wind turbines have reached their end of life. According to the SDU lecturer's calculations, the waste sector in Denmark will have to receive 46,400 tonnes of fiberglass from wind turbine blades over the next 20–25 years. As so, at the island , Lolland , in Denmark, 250 tonnes of fiberglass from wind turbine waste also pours up on
3248-418: Was first built to pump water and subsequently modified to grind grain as well. The first practical windmills were panemone windmills , using sails that rotated in a horizontal plane, around a vertical axis. Made of six to 12 sails covered in reed matting or cloth material, these windmills were used to grind grain or draw up water. A medieval account reports that windmill technology was used in Persia and
3306-511: Was too little water, where rivers freeze in winter and in flat lands where the flow of the river was too slow to provide the required power. With the coming of the Industrial Revolution , the importance of wind and water as primary industrial energy sources declined, and they were eventually replaced by steam (in steam mills ) and internal combustion engines, although windmills continued to be built in large numbers until late in
3364-401: Was used mostly for lifting water from wells. Larger versions were also used for tasks such as sawing wood, chopping hay, and shelling and grinding grain. In early California and some other states, the windmill was part of a self-contained domestic water system which included a hand-dug well and a wooden water tower supporting a redwood tank enclosed by wooden siding known as a tankhouse . During
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