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32-602: It is named after the village of Braničevo . In the 9th century, a Slavic tribe known as Braničevci are mentioned living in the region. In this time, the town named Braničevo also existed in the area, at the estuary of the river Mlava into Danube . In the Early Middle Ages, Braničevo became a part of the First Bulgarian Empire . After the conquest of Bulgaria, the Byzantines established

64-654: A decisive victory over the Norman King of Sicily , William II , at the Battle of Demetritzes on 7 November 1185. William had invaded the Balkans with 80,000 men and 200 ships towards the end of Andronikos I's reign. Elsewhere Isaac's policy was less successful. In late 1185, he sent a fleet of 80 galleys to liberate his brother Alexius III from Acre , but the fleet was destroyed by the Normans of Sicily. He then sent

96-615: A fleet of 70 ships, but it failed to recover Cyprus from the rebellious noble Isaac Komnenos , thanks to Norman interference. This fleet was misinterpreted by many in the Holy Land as naval support for the Muslim offensive in accordance with Isaac's alliance with Saladin . However the theory of a supposed alliance between Isaac and Saladin against the Third Crusade has been discredited by modern research. Isaac's administration

128-602: A military expedition against Serbia . The Byzantine army was victorious in the battle at South Morava (autumn 1191), that led to the recovery of Niš and the consequent peace treaty. By 1196, Isaac II had allowed the once powerful Byzantine navy to decline to only 30 galleys. The next five years were disturbed by continued warfare with Bulgaria , against which Isaac led several expeditions in person. In spite of their promising start these ventures had little effect, and on one occasion in 1190 Isaac barely escaped with his life. The Byzantines suffered yet another major defeat in

160-652: Is again part of the Serbian state. In the mid-nineteenth century, at the time of the Serbian state emancipation, Požarevac became, along with Kragujevac , the second metropolis of Prince Miloš Obrenović . During his lifetime, Prince Miloš Obrenović had erected monuments to his memory in Požarevac: Some of the places of cultural importance in Požarevac are: The district encompasses the municipalities of: According to

192-507: Is found on the necrology of Speyer Cathedral , where their daughter Irene is interred. The first wife of Isaac II is usually considered to be a Byzantine noblewoman of unknown name. In an Italian edition of the chronicle of Nicetas Choniates "Greatness and catastrophe of Byzantium" can be found an interesting note to the XIV Book. The names of Isaac II's first wife and eldest daughter, unknown from Byzantine sources, are found in an obituary in

224-513: The Battle of Arcadiopolis in 1194. Isaac organized yet another offensive against Bulgaria in 1195 in cooperation with the Kingdom of Hungary, but Alexios Angelos , the Emperor's older brother, taking advantage of Isaac's absence from camp on a hunting expedition, proclaimed himself emperor and was readily recognised by the soldiers as Emperor Alexios III on 8 (or 9) April. Alexios then canceled

256-746: The Theme of Sirmium in the wider region south of the river Danube . By the 12th century, Braničevo was the centre of a Byzantine doukaton (duchy) governed by a doux (duke). The region saw significant fighting between the Byzantines and Hungarians . With the rise of the Second Bulgarian Empire and the Kingdom of Serbia , Byzantium's position in Braničevo became untenable. It appears to have finally slipped from their control in 1198. It

288-582: The war of 1127–1129 against Hungary , the Hungarians razed the town. It was restored and resettled by the Byzantines in 1166. Béla III of Hungary occupied it in 1182, but turned it over as part of his daughter's dowry when she was betrothed to Emperor Isaac II in 1185. In July 1189, the German emperor Frederick Barbarossa passed through Braničevo on the Third Crusade . Western sources accuse

320-536: The 2011 census results, the Braničevo District has a population of 183,625 inhabitants. Ethnic composition of the Braničevo district: Brani%C4%8Devo (Golubac) Braničevo is a village in the municipality of Golubac , Serbia . According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 942 people. It lies on the river Pek . Braničevo lies near the ruins of the Roman town of Viminacium , which

352-626: The Byzantine throne, establishing the Angelos family as the new imperial dynasty. His father Andronikos Doukas Angelos was a military leader in Asia Minor (c. 1122 – aft. 1185) who married Euphrosyne Kastamonitissa (c. 1125 – aft. 1195). Andronikos Doukas Angelos was the son of Constantine Angelos and Theodora Komnene (b. 15 January 1096/1097), the youngest daughter of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos and Irene Doukaina . Thus Isaac

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384-561: The Cathedral of Speyer, the pantheon of German kings. Here, the wife of Philip of Swabia is said to be the daughter of Isaac and Irene (there is reference to the following article: R. Hiestand, Die erste Ehe Isaaks II. Angelos und seine Kinder, in Jahrbuch der Osterreichischen Byzantinisk, XLVII 1997 pp. 199–208). This Irene could be identified with the daughter of George Paleologus Ducas Comnenus and wife Aspae, Bagratiid Princess of Ossetia;

416-732: The churches of his metropolis. In 1185, the Empire lost Lefkada , Kefallonia , and Zakynthos to the Normans . In the same year the Vlach–Bulgarian Empire was restored after the rebellion of the brothers Asen and Peter , thus losing Moesia and parts of Thrace and Macedonia. After that Cilicia was retaken by the Armenians , and Cyprus wrested from the empire by the Crusaders . Isaac II's first wife's name, Herina (i.e., Irene),

448-521: The city of Philippopolis and defeated a Byzantine army of 3,000 men that attempted to recapture the city. The Byzantine troops managed to constantly and successfully harass the Crusaders but a group of Armenians revealed to the Germans the strategic plan of the Byzantines. The Crusaders, who outnumbered the Byzantines, caught them unprepared and defeated them. Thus compelled by force of arms, Isaac II

480-455: The duke of Braničevo ( dux de Brandicz ) of treachery. With the rise of the Second Bulgarian Empire and the Kingdom of Serbia , Byzantium's position in Braničevo became untenable. It finally slipped from their control in 1198. The region became a frequent object of contention between the Bulgars, Serbs, and Hungarians thereafter. Prince Lazar of Serbia captured it in 1378 or 1379, but it

512-790: The establishment of the Vlach-Bulgarian Empire under the Asen dynasty . In 1187 Alexios Branas , the victor over the Normans, was sent against the Bulgarians but turned his arms against his master and attempted to seize Constantinople, only to be defeated and slain by Isaac's brother-in-law Conrad of Montferrat. Also in 1187 an agreement was made with Venice , in which the Venetian Republic would provide between 40 and 100 galleys at six months' notice in exchange for favorable trading concessions. Because each Venetian galley

544-533: The expedition and ordered Isaac to be blinded and imprisoned in Constantinople. In 1203, after eight years of captivity, Isaac II was raised from the dungeon to the throne once more after the arrival of the Fourth Crusade and the flight of Alexios III from the capital. Both his mind and body had been enfeebled by his blindness and confinement, and his son Alexios IV Angelos was associated on

576-504: The son of this one, Andronicus Paleologus Comnenoducas is known as gambrox ( γαμβρός ) of Isaac II. Isaac's wife was possibly daughter of Andronikos I Komnenos, Byzantine Emperor (died 1185). A potential foreign origin is also given to her due to having the same name as her daughter, contrary to long-standing Greek custom. Their third child was born in 1182 or 1183 and she was dead or divorced by 1185, when Isaac remarried. Their children were: By his second wife, Margaret of Hungary (who took

608-475: The throne as the effective monarch. Heavily beholden to the crusaders, Alexios IV was unable to meet his obligations and his vacillation caused him to lose the support of both his crusader allies and his subjects. At the end of January 1204 the influential court official Alexios Doukas Mourtzouphlos took advantage of riots in the capital to imprison Alexios IV and seize the throne as Alexios V. At this point Isaac II died, allegedly of shock, while Alexios IV

640-762: The town of Braničevo became a seat of the Eparchy of the Serbian Orthodox Church . The region later belonged to subsequent Serbian states, until it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century. In the 14th century, the region was in a possession of local rulers from the House of Rastislalić . During the Ottoman rule, Braničevo was part of the Sanjak of Smederevo , and since 19th century, it

672-512: Was a frequent object of contention between the Bulgars, Serbs and Hungarians thereafter. In the 13th century the Hungarians established the Banate of Braničevo (Hungarian: Barancsi Bánság), but later in the century two local Bulgarian rulers, Darman and Kudelin , became independent and ruled over Braničevo and Kučevo . In 1291, they were defeated by the Serbian king, Stefan Dragutin , who joined Braničevo to his Syrmian Kingdom . Under his rule

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704-555: Was a member of the extended imperial clan of the Komnenoi . Niketas Choniates described Isaac's physical appearance: "He had a ruddy complexion and red hair, was of average height and robust in body". During the brief reign of Andronikos I Komnenos , Isaac was involved (alongside his father and brothers) in the revolt of Nicaea and Prousa . Atypically, the Emperor did not punish him for this disloyalty, and Isaac remained at Constantinople . On 11 September 1185, while Andronikos

736-528: Was abandoned around 600. In the Middle Ages , it was the seat of an Orthodox bishopric and the site of a Byzantine fortress. It occupied a strategic position along the Via Militaris between Belgrade and Niš . In Greek , it was known as Branitzova (Βρανίτζοβα) or Branitza (Βρανίτζα). By the 12th century, Braničevo was the centre of a doukaton (duchy) governed by a doux (duke). During

768-550: Was absent from the capital, his lieutenant Stephen Hagiochristophorites moved to arrest Isaac. Isaac killed Hagiochristophorites and took refuge in the church of Hagia Sophia . Andronikos was a capable ruler in some ways but was hated for his cruelty and his efforts to keep the aristocracy obedient. Isaac appealed to the populace, and a tumult arose that spread rapidly over the whole city. When Andronikos returned he found that he had lost popular support, and that Isaac had been proclaimed emperor. Andronikos attempted to flee by boat but

800-458: Was apprehended. Isaac handed him over to the people of the city, and he was killed on 12 September 1185. Isaac II Angelos strengthened his position as emperor with dynastic marriages in 1185 and 1186. Isaac's sister Theodora was married to the Italian marquis Conrad of Montferrat . In January 1186, Isaac himself married Margaret of Hungary (renamed Maria), daughter of King Béla III . Hungary

832-432: Was dominated by two figures: his maternal uncle Theodore Kastamonites , who became virtually a co-emperor and handled all civil government until his death in 1193; and his replacement, Constantine Mesopotamites , who acquired even more influence over the emperor. The oppressiveness of his taxes, increased to pay his armies and finance his marriage, resulted in a Vlach-Bulgarian uprising late in 1185. The rebellion led to

864-470: Was forced to fulfill his engagements in 1190, when he released imprisoned German emissaries who were held in Constantinople, and exchanged hostages with Barbarossa, as a guarantee that the crusaders would not sack local settlements until they departed the Byzantine territory. In March 1190, Barbarossa left Adrianople to Gallipoli at the Hellespont to embark to Asia Minor. In 1191, Isaac II launched

896-533: Was lost to the Ottoman Empire in 1459. Isaac II Angelos Isaac II Angelos or Angelus ( ‹See Tfd› Greek : Ἰσαάκιος Κομνηνός Ἄγγελος , translit.   Isaákios Komnēnós Ángelos ; September 1156 – January 1204) was Byzantine Emperor from 1185 to 1195, and co-Emperor with his son Alexios IV Angelos from 1203 to 1204. In a 1185 revolt against the Emperor Andronikos Komnenos , Isaac seized power and rose to

928-558: Was manned by 140 oarsmen, there were about 18,000 Venetians still in the Empire even after Manuel I 's arrests. The Emperor's attention was next demanded in the east, where several claimants to the throne successively rose and fell. In 1189 the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa sought and obtained permission to lead his troops on the Third Crusade through the Byzantine Empire . But Isaac

960-479: Was one of the Empire's largest and most powerful neighbours, and Margaret also had the benefit of high aristocratic descent, being related to the royal families of Kyiv , the Holy Roman Empire , Italy , Provence , and earlier Byzantine dynasties. Sometime after 1191, his niece Eudokia Angelina was married to Stefan , son of Grand Prince Stefan Nemanja of Serbia . Isaac inaugurated his reign with

992-447: Was strangled. Several pretenders rose up and attempted to wrest the throne from Isaac during his reign. These included: Isaac has the reputation as one of the most unsuccessful rulers to occupy the Byzantine throne. Surrounded by a crowd of slaves, mistresses, and flatterers, he permitted his empire to be administered by unworthy favourites, while he squandered the money wrung from his provinces on costly buildings and expensive gifts to

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1024-578: Was suspicious that Barbarossa wished to conquer Byzantium: the reasons for this suspicious attitude were the diplomatic contact of Frederick with the Bulgarians and the Serbians, foes of the Byzantine Empire during this period, and also Barbarossa's previous feud with Manuel. The rumors of 1160s about a German invasion in the Byzantine Empire were still remembered in the Byzantine court during Isaac's reign. In retaliation Barbarossa's army occupied

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