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256-673: The Hakuhō Cup is a children's sumo event, second only to the annual Wanpaku National Championship . Its origins are actually in the Asashōryū Cup. The Wanpaku National Championship is an all-Japanese event, and Asashōryū wished to allow Mongolian kids on the dohyō in the Kokugikan. The first Asashōryū Cup was held in August 2009, in the Kokugikan. At the time, no individual competitions were held, and in total 12 teams of 5 wrestlers per team, each consisting of boys aged 8 to 12, competed in

512-420: A tsukebito of a losing san'yaku from this side who won a match during the day or who did not have a bout gives the water. For this occasion, the tsukebito are dressed in yukata with one sleeve removed ( katahada ). Until 1994, the yukata were worn as a loincloth as it is traditional to present the water in mawashi . If there is no winning tsukebito , or if he arrives late,

768-466: A basho . Gomenfuda ( 御免札 ) A vertical wooden sign erected at the entrance of the arena to announce the date of the honbasho and to show, during the Edo period, that the tournament was allowed by the authorities. Gomenkōmuru ( 蒙御免 ) 'Performing with permission'. A sumo term written on top of the banzuke and gomenfuda . Dating back to the Edo period to show that

1024-507: A basho . Shusshin ( 出身 ) 'Birthplace' or 'place of origin'. Similar to the term fighting out of in sports like boxing or MMA . Heya are restricted to having no more than one wrestler whose shusshin is outside of Japan under normal circumstances. Sōken ( 総見 ) 'General view'. An open makuuchi practise session ( keiko ) held by the Yokozuna Deliberation Council at

1280-477: A dohyō-iri Danpatsu-shiki ( 断髪式 ) Retirement ceremony, held for a top wrestler in the Ryōgoku Kokugikan some months after retirement, in which his chonmage , or top knot, is cut off. A wrestler must have fought as a sekitori in at least 30 tournaments to qualify for a ceremony at the Kokugikan. Deashi ( 出足 ) Constant forward movement. Term used to refer to when

1536-508: A gozengakari dohyo-iri toward Emperor Shōwa in 1957 Gozengakari ( 御前掛かり ) Special makuuchi dohyō-iri performed during tenran-zumō . Makuuchi -ranked wrestlers (from maegashira to ōzeki ) face the emperor's rostrum in ranks, dressed in keshō-mawashi , the lower the rank the closer to the emperor. They then perform shiko and squat. They are then called by their shikona , rise and bow and departs before another higher ranked wrestler

1792-447: A honbasho . [REDACTED] The kaobure gonjō ceremony (by Utagawa Kunisada ) Kaobure gonjō ( 顔触れ言上 ) Reading aloud of large sheets of paper, before the start of the makuuchi division bouts, in which the name of the wrestlers who faces each other on the day after are written. The reader is either the tate-gyōji or a san'yaku-gyōji who reads aloud in a melodious fashion and hands them one by one to

2048-478: A yasumi ( 休み ) . In modern sumo, this situation is resolved with a break and subsequent restart or rematch. Though common in early sumo, hikiwake are very rare in the modern age and there has not been one since 1974. Recorded with a white triangle. Hinoshita Kaisan ( 日下開山 ) A nickname used to describe the first yokozuna , Akashi Shiganosuke . The term is sometimes used in reference to yokozuna in general, and appears stamped only on

2304-537: A yokozuna during a tournament. In practice this normally means anyone ranked maegashira 4 or above. Jonidan ( 序二段 ) The second-lowest division of sumo wrestlers, below sandanme and above jonokuchi . Jonokuchi ( 序の口 ) An expression meaning 'this is only the beginning'. The lowest division of sumo wrestlers. Jungyō ( 巡業 ) Regional tours in Japan and sometimes abroad, undertaken between honbasho , during which

2560-409: A stable training room ( keikoba ) next to the dohyō on which the oyakata and any guests sit to observe training. Akeni ( 明荷 ) The luggage box of wrestlers and gyōji evolving in the sekitori divisions. Akeni are always lacquered paper-and-bamboo boxes that share the same color scheme (green, vermilion and black). On the sides are three squares containing

2816-467: A Sunday. Nakairi ( 中入り ) The intermission between the jūryō and makuuchi bouts. [REDACTED] Takanoshō getting a nakazori haircut. Nakazori ( 中剃り ) Shaving of the hairs at the top of the head to make it easier to tie the chonmage . Negishi-ryū ( 根岸流 ) The conservative style of calligraphy used in the banzuke . See sumō-ji . Nekodamashi ( 猫騙し ) Clapping of

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3072-402: A bout with a predetermined outcome. Yobiage ( 呼び上げ ) The formal call made by the yobidashi in the ring. Depending on their rank, the sekitori -ranked wrestlers called may receive two yobiage to mark their status. Yobidashi ( 呼出 or 呼び出し ) Usher or announcer. General assistants at tournaments. They call the wrestlers to the dohyō before their bouts, build

3328-473: A bout, which results in disqualification. Examples include punching, kicking and eye-poking. The only kinjite likely to be seen these days (usually inadvertently) is hair-pulling. Koenkai ( 後援会 ) 'Supporters association'. A membership-based fellowship for the purpose of supporting or endorsing a particular stable or wrestler. Kōjō ( 口上 ) 'Speech'. A formal address in which wrestlers promoted to yokozuna or ōzeki ranks makes

3584-420: A bout. Historically, it was used by samurai officers in Japan to communicate commands to their soldiers. Gunbai-dōri ( 軍配通り ) The decision following a mono-ii affirming the original decision of the gyōji . Literally, 'according to the gunbai '. Gyōji ( 行司 ) A sumo referee. Gyōji gunbai sashichigae ( 行司軍配差し違え ) The decision following a mono-ii reversing

3840-430: A bout. It must be handed to him by a wrestler not tainted with a loss on that day, in the same manner of the chikara-mizu ( 力水 ) described above. Chirichōzu ( 塵手水 ) 'Washing the hands'. One of the many rituals preceding a sumo bout, in which both wrestlers squat facing each other, display their open hands, clap and extend their arms. This is done to demonstrate they do not hold or carry weapons, and that

4096-616: A ceremonial cup presented by the sitting Prime Minister of Japan or an intermediary to the makuuchi champion. Sukiabura ( 梳油 ) 'Suki oil'. A Japanese pomade similar to binzuke but cheaper to produce and now widely used for wrestlers' hair. Sumō-ji ( 相撲字 ) Calligraphy style with very wide brushstrokes used to write the banzuke . Sumōmoji ( 相撲文字 ) See sumō-ji . Sumōtori ( 相撲取 ) Literally, 'one who does sumo'. Sumo wrestler, but occasionally refers only to sekitori . Suriashi ( 摺り足 ) 'Sliding feet'. One of

4352-670: A flower-theme decorated corridor located in the Ryōgoku Kokugikan where visitor can buy souvenirs, tickets and refreshments in one of the 20 businesses. The corridor is decorated with flowers matching the current season: hana-mochi in January during the Hatsu-basho , wisteria in spring during the Natsu-basho and maple leaves in autumn during the Aki-basho . Each business has its own name and their history dates back to

4608-543: A goal of increasing roadside trees in Tokyo to 1 million (from 480,000), and adding 1,000 ha (2,500 acres) of green space, 88 ha (220 acres) of which will be a new park named "Umi no Mori" (Sea Forest) which will be on a reclaimed island in Tokyo Bay which used to be a landfill. From 2007 to 2010, 436 ha (1,080 acres) of the planned 1,000 ha of green space was created and 220,000 trees were planted, bringing

4864-526: A heavily decorated apron worn by sekitori wrestlers for the dohyō-iri . These are very expensive, and are usually paid for by the wrestler's organization of supporters or a commercial sponsor. Kimarite ( 決まり手 ) Winning techniques in a sumo bout, announced by the referee on declaring the winner. The Japan Sumo Association recognizes eighty-two different kimarite . Kimon ( 鬼門 ) 'Demon's gate'. Glass ceiling for wrestlers, synonymous with insurmountable difficulties. Named after

5120-727: A leading global financial hub has diminished with the Lost Decades since the 1990s—when the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE) was the world's largest, with a market capitalization about 1.5 times that of the NYSE —the city is still a large financial hub, and the TSE remains among the world's top five major stock exchanges . Tokyo is categorized as an Alpha+ city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . The city

5376-432: A lesser extent Chiba and Ibaraki . Tokyo has been hit by powerful megathrust earthquakes in 1703, 1782, 1812, 1855, 1923, and much more indirectly (with some liquefaction in landfill zones) in 2011 ; the frequency of direct and large quakes is a relative rarity. The 1923 earthquake , with an estimated magnitude of 7.9, killed more than 100,000 people, the last time the urban area was directly hit. Mount Fuji

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5632-475: A local government. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government administers the whole metropolis including the 23 special wards and the cities and towns that constitute the prefecture. It is headed by a publicly elected governor and metropolitan assembly. Its headquarters is in Shinjuku Ward. The governor of Tokyo is elected every four years. The incumbent governor, Yuriko Koike , was elected in 2016, following

5888-465: A major shopping and entertainment center. Various plans have been proposed for transferring national government functions from Tokyo to secondary capitals in other regions of Japan, to slow down rapid development in Tokyo and revitalize economically lagging areas of the country. These plans have been controversial within Japan and have yet to be realized. On September 7, 2013, the IOC selected Tokyo to host

6144-418: A match at the discretion of the gyōji in order to reattach a wrestler's mawashi . Mawashi uchiwa ( 回し団扇 ) 'Rotating fan'. An action in which a gyōji who has mistakenly declared victory to the loser immediately redirects his gunbai to the winner to cover up the misjudgment. Me ga aku ( 目が明く ) 'To regain sight'. A wrestler who has been on a losing streak since

6400-433: A match. Nodowa ( 喉輪 ) Thrusting at an opponent's throat. Nokotta ( 残った ) Something the referee shouts during the bout indicating to the wrestler on defense that he is still in the ring. Literally translates as 'remaining' as in remaining in the ring. Nyūmaku ( 入幕 ) 'Into the curtain'. In sumo, a promotion from jūryō to makuuchi . Also called shinnyūmaku ( 新入幕 ) for

6656-399: A pair of arrows . The winner of the penultimate bout wins the bow strings. The ultimate bout winner was awarded a bow ( yumi ) but since the introduction of the yumitori-shiki ceremony it is no longer the case. Kōshō seido ( 公傷制度 ) 'Public Injury System'. Introduced in 1972, this system allowed a wrestler who had been injured in the ring during a tournament to sit out

6912-482: A person who loves sumo. The term comes from the word kakuriki ( 角力 ) , another name for sumo wrestling. Kokusai Sumō Renmei ( 国際相撲連盟 ) International Sumo Federation , the IOC -recognized governing body for international and amateur sumo competitions. Komebitsu ( 米びつ ) 'Breadwinner'. A talented wrestler who is successful and wins numerous prizes in the process, ensuring his financial subsistence and that his stable will be well provided for

7168-466: A professional sumo wrestler, although sumōtori is sometimes used instead. S [ edit ] [REDACTED] A yokozuna performing a shiko [REDACTED] The Prime Minister's Cup on display [REDACTED] Sumōmoji sample depicting the term edomoji Sagari ( 下がり ) The strings inserted into the front of the mawashi for competition. The sagari of sekitori wrestlers are stiffened with

7424-432: A psychological advantage. Shikiri-sen ( 仕切り線 ) The two short white parallel lines in the middle of the ring that wrestlers must crouch behind before starting a bout. Introduced in the spring tournament of 1928, they are 90 cm (35 in) long, 6 cm (2.4 in) wide and placed 70 cm (28 in) apart using enamel paint. Shiko ( 四股 ) The sumo exercise where each leg in succession

7680-506: A recently retired sekitori used to buy from its previous owner or inherit from his father or father-in-law. Today, the wrestlers submit their wish to receive a kabu to the Association; which examines their candidacy and distributes the titles. Tsukebito ( 付け人 ) A rikishi in the lower divisions who serves as a personal attendant to a sekitori -ranked wrestler. Tsuna ( 綱 ) The heavy rope worn by

7936-515: A record of 9 wins and 6 losses in one tournament and do not have a double-digit record. It is often used for ōzeki who are then called kunroku ōzeki . Kuroboshi ( 黒星 ) 'Black star'. A loss in a sumo bout, recorded with a black circle. Kyūjō ( 休場 ) A wrestler's absence from a honbasho , usually due to injury. M [ edit ] [REDACTED] A mono-ii Maegashira ( 前頭 ) 'Those ahead'. The fifth-highest rank of sumo wrestlers, and

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8192-481: A scheduled bout. If a wrestler withdraws from the tournament (injury or retirement), one loss by default will be recorded against him on the following day, and simple absence for the remainder. Recorded with a black square. Fusenshō ( 不戦勝 ) A win by default because of the absence of the opponent. The system was established for the honbasho in the May 1927 tournament. After the issue of Hitachiiwa Eitarō ,

8448-685: A seaweed-based glue. Sandan-gamae ( 三段構え ) A rare ceremony, performed by the two highest ranking wrestlers and a gyōji to demonstrate the "three stages" of sumo poise, seen only on special occasions. It has been performed only 24 times since the Meiji period , most recently with Harumafuji and Kakuryū in 2016 and with Hakuhō and Kisenosato in 2017. Sandanme ( 三段目 ) 'Third level'. The third lowest division of sumo wrestlers, above jonidan and below makushita . Sandanme tsukedashi ( 三段目付け出し ) A system instituted in 2015 where an amateur wrestler finishing in

8704-512: A speech after the decision of their promotion is conveyed by elders of the Japan Sumo Association. The address usually takes place in the stable (decorated with a golden byōbu and kōhaku maku ) in presence of the oyakata , his wife ( ōkami-san ), and supporters ( koenkai ). Formally dressed, both parties face each other kneel; bow; and make a formal speech. Kokakuka ( 好角家 ) A sumo connoisseur,

8960-455: A speech for the opening ceremony. The Chinese team, which was scheduled to participate, was unable to come to Japan due to the spread of pneumonia caused by the new coronavirus. The 11th Hakuhō Cup was cancelled due to the spread of coronavirus. After taking a year off because of pandemic-related situations, the 12th Hakuhō Cup took place on April 3 in the Ōta-city General Gymnasium in Tokyo ,

9216-670: A sport as opaque as sumo, means exaggerated stories about the habits or character of wrestlers. Inashi ( 往なし ) To sidestep or dodge. As opposed to when done at the tachiai when it is referred to as a henka , inashi is done after the initial tachi-ai to catch the opponent off guard and force him out in another direction. Intai ( 引退 ) 'Retirement'; the decision of an active sumo wrestler to quit competing definitively. The most famous retirees becomes TV personalities or trainers while lower rankers usually find jobs as cooks in chankonabe restaurant. The most accomplished wrestlers are usually granted

9472-415: A suffix as a personal honorific. Ōzeki ( 大関 ) 'Great barrier', but usually translated as 'champion'. The second-highest rank of sumo wrestlers. Ōzeki-tori ( 大関取り or 大関とり ) A sekiwake ranked wrestler in a position of potential promotion to the rank of ōzeki . R [ edit ] Rikishi ( 力士 ) Literally, 'powerful man'. The most common term for

9728-401: A sumo stable . Ottsuke ( 押っ付け ) Technique of holding one's opponent's arm to prevent him from getting a hold on one's belt. Literally, 'push and affix' as in affixing the opponent's arm against one's body and preventing it from reaching the belt. Oyakata ( 親方 ) A sumo coach, almost always the owner of one of the 105 name licenses ( toshiyori kabu ). Also used as

9984-511: A sumo bout, in which the wrestlers throw handfuls of salt before entering the dohyō . According to Shinto beliefs, salt possesses purifying properties; as they cast salt into the ring, the wrestlers would then be cleansing the dohyō of bad energy and possibly protecting themselves from injury. The average amount a wrestler grabs and throws is around 200 g (7.1 oz), although some wrestlers throw up to 500 g (18 oz). Shiroboshi ( 白星 ) 'White star'. A victory in

10240-437: A sumo bout, recorded with a white circle. Shishō ( 師匠 ) 'Master, teacher'. A sumo elder in charge of a sumo stable. Shitaku-beya ( 支度部屋 ) 'Preparation room'. Room in which wrestlers in the ranks of jūryō and above wait before their matches. This is where they will place their belongings, put on their belt, and warm up for their match. Shokkiri ( 初っ切り ) A comedic sumo performance,

10496-590: A sumo event for the first time. The original event should have taken place in Mongolia in June, but the travel was cancelled and the event postponed due to the scandals that erupted within the Japan Sumo Association at the time. Professional wrestlers Ōnoshō Fumiya participated in the event and his Aomori team won the team competition of that year. Makuuchi wrestler Ura Kazuki also attended

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10752-438: A sumo referee during a bout, specifically when the action has stalled and the wrestlers have reached a stand-off. There are numerous theories as to its meaning but 'Put some spirit into it!' is widely cited. Hanamichi ( 花道 ) The two main east and west "paths" leading from the preparation rooms to the dohyō . Hanedaiko ( 跳ね太鼓 ) Drums sounded at the end of a tournament day inviting spectators to return

11008-485: A sumo wrestling event. On the day before the start of Edo period 's honbasho , yobidashi used to tour towns while beating portable drums as there were no news agencies. They read out the bouts and announced the days of the event. Today's yobidashi parade around the dohyō after the dohyō matsuri ceremony in the Ryōgoku Kokugikan and in the nearby streets and shops of sumo stables . Fusenpai ( 不戦敗 ) A loss by default for not appearing at

11264-516: A team competition. The event was largely won by the Mongolian delegation, who scored a no-defeats. The competition was however a mixed success with only 1,000 people in the audience instead of the advertised 7,000. Asashōryū, who wanted to make this an annual event, was forced to retire a few months later, and the event was never repeated. Hakuhō was then the only yokozuna and established his own event in 2010. The Hakuhō Cup in its current form

11520-417: A tournament. Gaining kachi-koshi generally results in promotion. The opposite is make-koshi . Kachi-nokori ( 勝ち残り ) Literally translates as 'the winner who remains'. During a day of sumo the 'power water' is only given to the next wrestler by either a previous winner on their side of the ring or the next wrestler to fight on their side of the ring so as not to receive the water from either

11776-504: A type of match common to exhibition matches and tours, similar in concept to the basketball games of the Harlem Globetrotters ; often used to demonstrate examples of illegal moves. Shonichi ( 初日 ) 'First day'. The first day of a tournament, or the first win after a series of losses. Shukun-shō ( 殊勲賞 ) Outstanding performance prize. One of three special prizes awarded to wrestlers for performance in

12032-446: A venue chosen at the last minute to comply with COVID-19 protocols. Because of coronavirus protocols, the number of people in the venue, divided into morning and afternoon sessions for each grade, was kept to a minimum and general public admission was cancelled. The tournament was however streamed on YouTube . About 2,000 people attended, including 600 contestants. Former ōzeki Kotoōshū served as sponsor for this edition. The event

12288-403: A weight gain diet. It contains dashi or stock with sake or mirin to add flavor. The bulk of chankonabe is made up of large quantities of protein sources, usually chicken, fish (fried and made into balls), tofu , or sometimes beef; and vegetables (daikon, bok choy, etc.). Chaya-dori ( 茶屋通り ) lit.   ' Teahouse street ' . Also called Annaijo Entrance,

12544-490: A wetter summer and a drier winter. The growing season in Tokyo lasts for about 322 days from around mid-February to early January. Snowfall is sporadic, and occurs almost annually. Tokyo often sees typhoons every year, though few are strong. The wettest month since records began in 1876 was October 2004, with 780 millimeters (30 in) of rain, including 270.5 mm (10.65 in) on the ninth of that month. The most recent of four months on record to observe no precipitation

12800-530: A world city is said to have depreciated greatly during these three decades. Nonetheless, Tokyo still saw new urban developments during this period. Recent projects include Ebisu Garden Place, Tennōzu Isle , Shiodome , Roppongi Hills , Shinagawa , and the Marunouchi side of Tokyo Station . Land reclamation projects in Tokyo have also been going on for centuries. The most prominent is the Odaiba area, now

13056-419: A wrestler continuously moves forward as opposed to moving backwards or being moved backwards. Degeiko ( 出稽古 ) 'Going out to practice'. A practice session between wrestlers of competing stables. Generally organized between stables of a same ichimon . Denshamichi ( 電車道 ) 'Railroad'. Refers to a style of oshi-zumō where an opponent is blasted backward and quickly driven over

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13312-403: A wrestler newly promoted and sainyūmaku ( 再入幕 ) for a wrestler making a comeback to the top division. O [ edit ] Ōichōmage ( 大銀杏髷 ) Literally 'ginkgo-leaf top-knot'. This is the hair style worn in tournaments by jūryō and makuuchi wrestlers. It is so named because the top-knot is fanned out on top of the head in a shape resembling a ginkgo leaf . It

13568-427: A wrestler with a big belly. Opposite of soppugata . Anideshi ( 兄弟子 ) A senior low-ranker at a sumo stable . Tasked with enforcing discipline and instructing the basics of heya life to the otōtodeshi . Azukari ( 預り ) 'Hold' or ' no decision ', a kind of draw . After a mono-ii , the gyōji or the shimpan "holds" the result if it was too close to call, which

13824-415: A year in food. In sumo, words related to money are used in connection with rice, because wrestlers in the past were paid in rice. Komusubi ( 小結 ) 'Little knot'. The fourth-highest rank of sumo wrestlers, and the lowest san'yaku rank. Kore yori san'yaku ( これより三役 ) 'These three bouts'. The final three torikumi during senshūraku . The winner of the first bout wins

14080-475: A young yobidashi who points them at each cardinal point. Keiko ( 稽古 ) Term referring to practice or training in sumo. Keikoba ( 稽古場 ) 'Rehearsal room'. The practice area where daily training is happening in sumo stables. Kettei-sen ( 決定戦 ) A playoff between two or more wrestlers in a division who are tied for the lead on the last day of the tournament. Kenshō-kin ( 懸賞金 ) Prize money based on sponsorship of

14336-704: Is Shofukuji in Higashi-Murayama . The current building was constructed in 1407, during the Muromachi period (1336–1573). Although greatly reduced in number by later fires, earthquakes, and air raids, a considerable number of Edo-era buildings survive to this day. The Tokyo Imperial Palace , which was occupied by the Tokugawa Shogunate as Edo Castle during the Edo Period (1603–1868), has many gates and towers dating from that era, although

14592-531: Is 40 m (131 ft). Chiba Prefecture borders it to the east, Yamanashi to the west, Kanagawa to the south, and Saitama to the north. Mainland Tokyo is further subdivided into the special wards (occupying the eastern half) and the Tama area ( 多摩地域 ) stretching westwards. Tokyo has a latitude of 35.65 (near the 36th parallel north ), which makes it more southern than Rome (41.90), Madrid (40.41), New York City (40.71) and Beijing (39.91). Within

14848-473: Is December 1995. Annual precipitation has ranged from 879.5 mm (34.63 in) in 1984 to 2,229.6 mm (87.78 in) in 1938. See or edit raw graph data . Tokyo's climate has warmed significantly since temperature records began in 1876. The western mountainous area of mainland Tokyo, Okutama also lies in the humid subtropical climate (Köppen classification: Cfa ). The climates of Tokyo's offshore territories vary significantly from those of

15104-468: Is a functionary of the Sumo Association, working with new recruits at his former stable or associated ichimon , and who also arranges maezumō matches. Waki ga amai ( 脇が甘い ) 'Soft side'. A poor defense to prevent one's opponent from getting an underarm grip. Waki ga katai ( 脇が堅い ) 'Hard side'. Antonym of waki ga amai . A good defense in which the elbow

15360-402: Is a legitimate "outsmarting" move, and provides a necessary balance to direct force, henka meaning 'change; variation'. Any other kind of sidestepping maneuver done after the tachi-ai is called an inashi , meaning "a parry, sidestep or dodge". Heya ( 部屋 ) Literally 'room', but usually rendered as 'stable'. The establishment where a wrestler trains, and also lives while he

15616-713: Is a reference to the original settlement's location at the meeting of the Sumida River and Tokyo Bay . During the Meiji Restoration in 1868, the name of the city was changed to Tokyo ( 東京 , from 東 tō "east", and 京 kyō "capital") , when it became the new imperial capital, in line with the East Asian tradition of including the word capital ( 京 ) in the name of the capital city (for example, Kyoto ( 京都 ), Keijō ( 京城 ), Beijing ( 北京 ), Nanjing ( 南京 ), and Xijing ( 西京 )). During

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15872-437: Is a sign of a wrestler who has come up the ranks quickly as his hair has not yet had a chance to grow to a length in which it can be tied into a chonmage . In succession a wrestler starts with the zanbara style, then moves to the chonmage style, and then finally the ōichōmage style, which can only be worn by wrestlers in the top two divisions. Zenshō ( 全勝 ) A perfect tournament where, depending on

16128-512: Is about 100 km (62 mi) southwest of Tokyo. There is a low risk of eruption. The last recorded was the Hōei eruption which started on December 16, 1707, and ended about January 1, 1708 (16 days). During the Hōei eruption, the ash amount was 4 cm in southern Tokyo (bay area) and 2 cm to 0.5 cm in central Tokyo. Kanagawa had 16 cm to 8 cm ash and Saitama 0.5 to 0 cm. If

16384-593: Is also a place where it is not uncommon to come across professional wrestlers, whether they are retired or active, who come to encourage their son or to participate in the organization by refereeing or in some other capacity. All the members of the Miyagino stable are involved in the event. Since the event has grown into a prestigious amateur competition, many participants have had successful careers in sumo, and include sekitori like makuuchi -ranked wrestlers Ōnoshō , Ura , Kotonowaka and Hakuōhō . The event

16640-463: Is also perceived as a hall of fame of sumo, as only those who stand or stood at the very top of the ranking are allowed to participate. Yokozuna Shingi Kai ( 横綱審議会 ) or Yokozuna Shingi Iinkai ( 横綱審議委員会 ) ' Yokozuna Deliberation Council '. A body formed in 1950 whose 15 members are drawn from outside the Japan Sumo Association, that meets following each honbasho to consider candidates for promotion to yokozuna . A recommendation

16896-516: Is also recognized as one of the world's most livable ones; it was ranked fourth in the world in the 2021 edition of the Global Livability Ranking . Tokyo has also been ranked as the safest city in the world in multiple international surveys. Tokyo was originally known as Edo ( 江戸 ) , a kanji compound of 江 ( e , "cove, inlet") and 戸 ( to , "entrance, gate, door"). The name, which can be translated as " estuary ",

17152-400: Is an amateur sumo competition. Therefore, participants are divided into 7 divisions (ranging from first grade to sixth grade and junior high school). An eighth category, combining participants from the first seven to form groups that will compete for the team title, is also its own division. Like in professional sumo , the most deserving young wrestlers are entitled to special awards modelled on

17408-585: Is an event for boys from first to ninth grade. Around 1,300 boys attended the 2020 event, hailing from Asian countries, such as China , Hong Kong , Mongolia , South Korea , Taiwan , Thailand and Japan but also from the Brazil , Georgia , Poland , Ukraine and the USA . Since 2014, the event is produced by Osamu Suzuki , an experienced screenwriter. The tournament is a popular event with lectures by former professional wrestlers between competitions. The Hakuhō Cup

17664-586: Is an international research and development hub and an academic center with several major universities , including the University of Tokyo , the top-ranking university in the country. Tokyo Station is the central hub for the Shinkansen , Japan's high-speed railway network, and Shinjuku Station in Tokyo is the world's busiest train station. The city is home to the world's tallest tower, Tokyo Skytree . The Tokyo Metro Ginza Line , which opened in 1927,

17920-475: Is attached to the flank to prevent an opponent's move. Wanpaku-zumo ( 腕白相撲 ) 'Naughty sumo'. Wanpaku is a Japanese term for a child, especially a boy, who does not obey and goes on a rampage. Wanpaku-zumo is sumo for elementary school-aged children. The Wanpaku Sumo National Championship is organized by JCI Tokyo and the Japan Sumo Federation . Its national final is held at

18176-417: Is called ai-yotsu ( 相四つ ) , or together yotsu . If however they are of opposite preferences, then it is known as kenka-yotsu ( 喧嘩四つ ) , literally fighting yotsu . In this situation, whoever gets his preferred grip is usually the victor. Yumitori-shiki ( 弓取式 ) The bow-twirling ceremony performed at the end of each honbasho day by a designated wrestler, the yumitori , who

18432-464: Is called. This rare ceremony, usually performed in the first day of a tournament, only occur when the emperor arrives for the in-ring ceremonies, if he comes during the bouts there will be no ceremony. The latest occurrence of the gozengakari was in January 2007 when Emperor Akihito came to the Ryōgoku Kokugikan . Gunbai ( 軍配 ) A war fan, usually made of wood, used by the gyōji to signal his instructions and final decision during

18688-483: Is different from Wikidata Articles containing Japanese-language text All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from February 2024 Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2024 All articles containing potentially dated statements Misplaced Pages glossaries using description lists Tokyo Tokyo , officially the Tokyo Metropolis ,

18944-488: Is foreseen, the wrestler on the upper side is allowed to support his weight by sticking out a hand on the ground ( kabai-te ) prior to the shini-tai wrestler touching the ground first. Although the wrestler on top touches first, he is still declared the winner. Kabu ( 株 ) See toshiyori kabu . Kachi-age ( 搗ち上げ ) Technique where the wrestler folds his arms and rushes forward to hit opponent's chest or chin to make his posture upright. This

19200-626: Is in the lower divisions. It is pronounced beya in compounds, such as in the name of the stable. (For example, the heya named Sadogatake is called Sadogatake-beya .) Heyagashira ( 部屋頭 ) The highest-ranked active wrestler in a stable (or heya ). Higi ( 非技 ) 'Non-technique'. A winning situation where the victorious wrestler did not initiate a kimarite . The Japan Sumo Association recognizes five higi . See kimarite for descriptions. Hikae-zabuton ( 控え座布団 ) Also known as sekitori-zabuton . A zabuton used by wrestlers ranked in

19456-515: Is in the tropical savanna climate zone (Köppen classification: Aw ). Tokyo's Izu and Ogasawara islands are affected by an average of 5.4 typhoons a year, compared to 3.1 in mainland Kantō. Tokyo is near the boundary of three plates , making it an extremely active region for smaller quakes and slippage which frequently affect the urban area with swaying as if in a boat, although epicenters within mainland Tokyo (excluding Tokyo's 2,000 km (1,243 mi)–long island jurisdiction) are quite rare. It

19712-442: Is lifted as high and as straight as possible, and then brought down to stomp on the ground with considerable force. In training this may be repeated hundreds of times in a row. Shiko is also performed ritually to drive away demons before each bout and as part of the yokozuna dohyō-iri . Shikona ( 四股名 ) A wrestler's 'fighting name' or ' ring name ', often a poetic expression which may contain elements specific to

19968-465: Is located on the Kantō Plain with five river systems and dozens of rivers that expand during each season. Important rivers are Edogawa , Nakagawa , Arakawa , Kandagawa , Megurogawa and Tamagawa . In 1947, Typhoon Kathleen struck Tokyo, destroying 31,000 homes and killing 1,100 people. In 1958, Typhoon Ida dropped 400 mm (16 in) of rain in a single week, causing streets to flood. In

20224-407: Is modeled after the shinmei-zukuri architectural style typical of Shinto shrines. Four differently-colored tassels ( fusa ) are hung from it, representing the four spirits and replace the previous columns that used to maintain the roof. W [ edit ] Wakaimonogashira ( 若い者頭 ) 'Youth leader'. A retired wrestler (usually a former jūryō or maegashira ) who

20480-473: Is most commonly done at the tachi-ai and can also result in stunning the opponent. Literally translates as striking upward. The first kanji character is uncommon, and is also the one used to describe polishing rice or pounding mochi cakes. Kachi-koshi ( 勝ち越し ) More wins than losses for a wrestler in a tournament. This is eight wins for a sekitori with fifteen bouts in a tournament, and four wins for lower-ranked wrestlers with seven bouts in

20736-431: Is no bad intention or mistake in the organisation of the bouts. Makikae ( 巻き替え ) Changing from an overarm to an underarm grip on one's opponent's belt. If done properly can lead to a speedy victory, however if not done properly will often end in quick defeat. Makushita ( 幕下 ) 'Below the curtain'. The third highest division of sumo wrestlers, below jūryō and above sandanme . Originally

20992-458: Is not uncommon in the metro area to have hundreds of these minor quakes (magnitudes 4–6) that can be felt in a single year, something local residents merely brush off but can be a source of anxiety not only for foreign visitors but for Japanese from elsewhere as well. They rarely cause much damage (sometimes a few injuries) as they are either too small or far away as quakes tend to dance around the region. Particularly active are offshore regions and to

21248-400: Is now believed each performed the style named for the other). A yokozuna performs the ceremony with two attendants, the tachimochi ( 太刀持ち ) or sword carrier, and the tsuyuharai ( 露払い ) or dew sweeper. Dohyō matsuri ( 土俵祭 ) 'Ring Festival'. A Shinto ceremony in which the dohyō is purified and blessed prior to each basho . A head gyoji takes

21504-442: Is only worn during formal events such as tournaments. Otherwise even top rankers will wear their hair in a chonmage style. Okamisan ( 女将さん ) Stablemaster's wife. She oversees all stable's activities except coaching. Onna-zumō ( 女相撲 ) Sumo between female competitors . Women are not allowed to compete professionally or even touch a professional dohyō , but informal bouts between women did occur in

21760-638: Is passed back to the Sumo Association who have the final say. It also offers opinions on the performance of current yokozuna . Yosedaiko ( 寄せ太鼓 ) 'Gather around drum'. Drums sounded in the morning of a tournament to draw the crowds. Usually performed from the tower in front of the Ryōgoku Kokugikan , the drummers perform in front of the entrance during jungyo . Yotsumi ( 四つ身 ) A cross-grips situation in which each wrestler has an underarm grip on his opponent. Yotsu-zumō ( 四つ相撲 ) There are two main types of wrestling in sumo: oshi-zumō and yotsu-zumō . Yotsu-zumō

22016-409: Is recorded with a white triangle. In 1927, the system was abolished and a torinaoshi (rematch) now takes place instead; the last azukari was recorded in 1951. B [ edit ] [REDACTED] Banzuke for the January 2012 tournament Banzuke ( 番付 ) List of sumo wrestlers according to rank for a particular grand tournament, reflecting changes in rank due to

22272-421: Is required to enter the jonokuchi division for the following honbasho . Make-koshi ( 負け越し ) More losses than wins for a wrestler in a tournament. Make-koshi generally results in demotion, although there are special rules on demotion for ōzeki . The opposite is kachi-koshi . Maki ( 巻 ) Long scroll prepared by the gyōji before each main tournament , on which

22528-421: Is seen in a negative light. There is one other final yotsu grip known as moro-zashi ( 両差し ) , literally ' sashite on both sides', where both hands are inside and is a very strong grip. The only real defense for a moro-zashi grip is the kimedashi ( 極めだし ) technique where the defending wrestler wraps both of his arms over the moro-zashi grip and locks his hands underneath, which squeezes

22784-409: Is the capital city of Japan . With a population of over 14 million residents within the city proper as of 2023, it is one of the most populous cities in the world . The Greater Tokyo Area , which includes Tokyo and parts of six neighboring prefectures , is the most-populous metropolitan area in the world, with 41 million residents as of 2024 . Located at the head of Tokyo Bay , Tokyo is part of

23040-666: Is the oldest underground metro line in Asia–Pacific . Tokyo's nominal gross domestic output was 113.7 trillion yen or US$ 1.04 trillion in FY2021 and accounted for 20.7% of the country's total economic output, which converts to 8.07 million yen or US$ 73,820 per capita. Including the Greater Tokyo Area, Tokyo is the second-largest metropolitan economy in the world after New York , with a 2022 gross metropolitan product estimated at US$ 2.08 trillion. Although Tokyo's status as

23296-402: Is the opposite where one's left ( hidari ) hand is inside the opponent's right arm. A yotsu-zumō fighter will typically prefer left or right and is referred to as migi-yotsu or hidari-yotsu fighter. If one has no preference, they are referred to as namakura-yotsu ( 鈍ら四つ ) , where namakura literally translates as 'lazy' or 'cowardly', suggesting that having no preference

23552-527: Is the third-smallest, above only Osaka and Kagawa . Its administrative structure is similar to that of Japan's other prefectures . The 23 special wards ( 特別区 , tokubetsu-ku ) , which until 1943 constituted the city of Tokyo , are self-governing municipalities , each having a mayor, a council, and the status of a city. In addition to these 23 special wards, Tokyo also includes 26 more cities ( 市 -shi ), five towns ( 町 -chō or machi ), and eight villages ( 村 -son or -mura ), each of which has

23808-479: Is used exclusively by tokoyama hairdressers. Butsukari ( ぶつかり ) 'Collision'. A junior wrestler pushes a more senior wrestler (in a resistance position and presenting his torso) with force across the dohyō in order to build strength and learn hand placement. A demanding exercise that is repeated until exhaustion. C [ edit ] Chankonabe ( ちゃんこ鍋 ) A stew commonly eaten in large quantities by sumo wrestlers as part of

24064-401: Is usually from the makushita division, and is usually a member of a yokozuna 's stable. Yurufun ( ゆるふん ) A loosely tightened mawashi . Can be used on purpose to incapacitate wrestlers specializing in yotsu-zumō . Fun is an abbreviation of fundoshi . Yūshō ( 優勝 ) A tournament championship in any division, awarded to the wrestler who wins

24320-398: Is where both wrestlers grasp the other's belt with both hands, hence the literal translation: 'four sumo' or 'four hands on the mawashi sumo'. There are a few sub-types of yotsu-zumō . Migi-yotsu ( 右四つ ) is when one has sashite ( 差して ) on the right ( migi ), meaning that one has his right hand under his opponent's left arm and grasping his mawashi . Hidari-yotsu

24576-419: Is written in calligraphy the names of all the east and west wrestlers by ranks. The scroll allow the shimpan to prepare the matches. The results of each wrestler are written next to the kanji of his shikona . Above his name are written the names of those he defeated and below those who defeated him. The kanji kagami ( 鏡 ) , meaning "mirror", is written at the top of each scroll to indicates that there

24832-436: The makuuchi division in the wait of their turns to step onto the ring. It is a large sized zabuton , filled with thicker cotton batting. The wrestler's ring name is embroidered on the center of the zabuton and it is often used as a gift given by patrons. Hikiwake ( 引分 ) A type of draw caused by a long bout that exhausted both wrestlers beyond the point of being able to continue. Also possibly known as

25088-698: The sanshō prizes. Another prize, the Osamu Suzuki Award, is also awarded. Each wrestler competing in his division must win to advance in the competition. During the period of the event, it is common for stables to open their doors to students to train with professional wrestlers. Results only began to be published in 2016 In 2010, the first Hakuhō Cup took place in the Ohama Sumo Hall of Sakai , Osaka Prefecture . The event gathered around 750 elementary and junior high school students. Among them, 8 amateurs from Mongolia participated to

25344-511: The Nihon Sumō Kyōkai , and wearing traditional formal kimono. Shimpan-iin ( 審判委員 ) 'Umpire committee'. The shimpan as a group. Shin-deshi ( 新弟子 ) 'New pupil'. A new recruit into sumo. Shingitai ( 心技体 ) 'Heart, technique, and body': the three qualities of a wrestler. The most successful wrestlers will be strong in all three categories. Shini-tai ( 死に体 ) 'Dead body'. A wrestler who

25600-404: The banzuke in extensions or "overhangs" to the row for makuuchi wrestlers. This is now an informal designation, since presently all wrestlers are listed within the normal bounds of the row. Hassotobi ( 八艘飛び ) 'Eight-boat jump'. A kind of henka in which a wrestler jumps vertically at the tachi-ai in an attempt to avoid the opponent's charge. The name derives from

25856-462: The dohyō in coordination while squatting down in a conga line . Mushōbu ( 無勝負 ) 'No result'. A kind of draw; the gyōji does not count a win or a loss. This outcome was recognised in the Edo period . Musubi no ichiban ( 結びの一番 ) The final bout of the day. N [ edit ] Nakabi ( 中日 ) 'Middle day'. The eighth day of a honbasho , always

26112-407: The dohyō prior to a tournament and maintain it between bouts, display the advertising banners before sponsored bouts, maintain the supply of ceremonial salt and chikara-mizu , and any other needed odd jobs. Yokata ( 世方 ) People outside the sumo world. Yokozuna ( 横綱 ) 'Horizontal rope'. The top rank in sumo, usually translated 'Grand Champion'. The name comes from

26368-456: The gyōji 's original decision. Literally, 'referee pointed the gunbai incorrectly'. H [ edit ] Hachinana ( ハチナナ ) lit.   ' eight-seven ' A Japanese expression meant to ridicule ōzeki who are underpowered but conveniently win and maintain their rank with a barely achieved kachi-koshi . It has a more bitter meaning than kunroku . Hakkeyoi ( はっけよい ) The phrase shouted by

26624-423: The jonidan rank in the next tournament. This system is no longer used. Shinjo shusse hirō ( 新序出世披露 ) Occasion co-ordinated where new wrestlers who have been accepted into professional sumo are presented to audience; they wear borrowed keshō-mawashi during this ceremony which takes place on the middle Sunday of each tournament. Shiomaki ( 塩撒き ) One of the many rituals preceding

26880-436: The jūryō division. See jūryō . K [ edit ] [REDACTED] An Edo-period wrestler wearing a keshō-mawashi Kabai-te ( 庇い手 ) Literally translates as 'defending hand'. When the two wrestlers fall together, the wrestler on the lower side is referred to as shini-tai , or 'dead body', meaning that he is the loser even if he does not touch the ground first. In this case, if injury

27136-438: The makushita division) who remains a member of the Sumo Association within his own stable to assist with various tasks, administrative or otherwise, in the stable and at tournaments and regional exhibitions. Shikiri ( 仕切り ) 'Toeing the mark'. The preparation period before a bout, during which the wrestlers stare each other down, crouch repeatedly, perform the ritual salt-throwing, and other tactics to try to gain

27392-407: The mawashi . Often referred to as a maemitsu grip, when one has a hold of the front of the mawashi . Maesabaki ( 前裁き ) Preliminary actions to knock away or squeeze the hands of one's opponent, in order to achieve an advantageous position. Maezumō ( 前相撲 ) 'Before sumo'. Unranked sumo wrestlers in their first bouts. Participation in at least one maezumō bout

27648-540: The shikona Ōnosato in 2023. Among the thousand participants, Hakuhō own son took part for the first time in the event. For the first time, a Mongolian won the Outstanding Performance prize. The event was held at the Ryōgoku Kokugikan in Tokyo on January, 29. The sponsor of that year's event was Yokozuna Kakuryū . A record number of more than 1,200 people gathered from Japan, Mongolia and

27904-672: The shimpan when the gyōji 's decision for a bout is called into question. Technically, the term refers to the querying of the decision: the resulting discussion is a kyogi . Literally means, a "talk about things". Moro-zashi ( 両差し ) Deep double underarm grip which prevents the opponent from grabbing the belt. Moshi-ai ( 申し合い ) Practice bouts where the winner stays on and then chooses his next opponent. He will continue to fight until he has lost. [REDACTED] A mukade-suriashi at Tomozuma stable Mukade-suriashi ( ムカデすり足 ) 'Centipede sliding feet'. Sumo exercise in which wrestlers turn around

28160-573: The tegata of yokozuna to signify their rank. Honbasho ( 本場所 ) A professional sumo tournament, held six times a year since 1958, where the results affect the wrestlers' rankings. Hyōshigi ( 拍子木 ) The wooden sticks that are clapped by the yobidashi to draw the spectator's attention. I [ edit ] Ichimon ( 一門 ) A group of related stables . There are five groups: Dewanoumi, Nishonoseki, Takasago, Tokitsukaze, and Isegahama. These groups tend to cooperate closely on inter-stable training and

28416-553: The yobidashi gives the water. During the final jūryō bout, the yobidashi often give the water, since many wrestlers wait in the hanamichi for the makuuchi ring-entering ceremony. Kadoban ( 角番 ) An ōzeki who has suffered make-koshi in his previous tournament and so will be demoted if he fails to score at least eight wins. The present rules date from July 1969 and there have been over 100 cases of kadoban ōzeki since that time. Kakegoe ( 掛け声 ) The calls and shouts dictated by

28672-462: The yokozuna from which that rank takes its name. It weighs about 15 kg (33 lb), and is much thicker in front than where it is tied in back. Five shide , zig-zag paper strips symbolizing lightning, hang from the front. It strongly resembles the shimenawa used to mark sacred areas in Shinto . Tsunatori ( 綱取り ) An ōzeki in a position of potential promotion to

28928-526: The gyōji to officiate a match. Kakukai ( 角界 ) The world of sumo as a whole. Kanreki dohyō-iri ( 還暦土俵入り ) Former grand champion's 60th birthday ring-entering ceremony. Katahada ( 片肌脱 ) Method used by the kachi-nokori to undress their yukata of a shoulder in order to bring the chikara-mizu to the wrestler of the last match of the day. Kantō-shō ( 敢闘賞 ) Fighting Spirit prize. One of three special prizes awarded to wrestlers for performance in

29184-467: The 1973 oil crisis put an end to the rapid post-war recovery and development of Japan's economy, its position as the world's second-largest economy at the time had seemed secure by that point, remaining so until 2010 when it was surpassed by China . Tokyo's development was sustained by its status as the economic, political, and cultural hub of such a country. In 1978, after years of the intense Sanrizuka Struggle , Narita International Airport opened as

29440-613: The 2020 Summer Olympics . Thus, Tokyo became the first Asian city to host the Olympic Games twice. However, the 2020 Olympic Games were postponed and held from July 23 to August 8, 2021, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic . Under Japanese law , the prefecture of Tokyo is designated as a to ( 都 ) , translated as metropolis . Tokyo Prefecture is the most populous prefecture and the densest, with 6,100 inhabitants per square kilometer (16,000/sq mi); by geographic area it

29696-580: The Arakawa River are most at risk of flooding. Tokyo's buildings are too diverse to be characterized by any specific archtectural style, but it can be generally said that a majority of extant structures were built in the past a hundred years; twice in recent history has the metropolis been left in ruins: first in the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake and later after extensive firebombing in World War II . The oldest known extant building in Tokyo

29952-570: The Kantō region on the central coast of Honshu , Japan's largest island. Tokyo serves as Japan's economic center and the seat of both the Japanese government and the Emperor of Japan . The Tokyo Metropolitan Government administers Tokyo's central 23 special wards (which formerly made up Tokyo City ), various commuter towns and suburbs in its western area , and two outlying island chains known as

30208-626: The Kasumigaseki district in Chiyoda, and the name Kasumigaseki is often used as a metonym for the Japanese national civil service . Tokyo has 25 constituencies for the House of Representatives , 18 of which were won by the ruling Liberal Democrats and 7 by the main opposition Constitutional Democrats in the 2021 general election . Apart from these seats, through the Tokyo proportional representation block , Tokyo sends 17 more politicians to

30464-479: The Meiji Period . Some gardens were immune from such fates and are today open to the public; Hamarikyu ( Kofu Tokugawa family ), Shibarikyu ( Kishu Tokugawa family ), Koishikawa Korakuen ( Mito Tokugawa family ), Rikugien ( Yanagisawa family ), and Higo Hosokawa Garden ( Hosokawa family ). The Akamon , which is now widely seen as a symbol of the University of Tokyo , was originally built to commemorate

30720-456: The Meiji Restoration . The high survival rate of concrete buildings promoted the transition from timber and brick architecture to modern, earthquake-proof construction. The Tokyo Metro Ginza Line portion between Ueno and Asakusa , the first underground railway line built outside Europe and the American continents, was completed on December 30, 1927. Although Tokyo recovered robustly from

30976-518: The Ministry of Finance were also relocated to Tokyo by 1871, and the first railway line in the country was opened on 14 October 1872, connecting Shimbashi ( Shiodome ) and Yokohama ( Sakuragicho ), which is now part of the Tokaido line . The 1870s saw the establishment of other institutions and facilities that now symbolize Tokyo, such as Ueno Park (1873), the University of Tokyo (1877) and

31232-507: The Ministry of Justice building (1895), the International Library of Children's Literature (1906) and Mistubishi building one (1894, rebuilt in 2010) are some of the few brick survivors from this period. It was regarded as fashionable by some members of the Japanese aristocracy to build their Tokyo residences in grand and modern styles, and some of these buildings still exist, although most are in private hands and open to

31488-563: The Ogasawara Islands , which had been under control of the US since the war ended, were returned in 1968. Ryokichi Minobe , a Marxian economist who served as the governor for 12 years starting in 1967, is remembered for his welfare state policy, including free healthcare for the elderly and financial support for households with children, and his ‘war against pollution’ policy, as well as the large government deficit they caused. Although

31744-491: The Ryōgoku Kokugikan and the winner is crowned Elementary school yokozuna . Y [ edit ] [REDACTED] The yumitori-shiki ceremony, performed by Satonofuji . Yachin ga takai ( 家賃が高い ) A sumo wrestler who is ranked too highly for his abilities and gets poor results. Yamaiku ( やまいく ) In sumo slang, getting sick or getting injured. Yaochō ( 八百長 ) 'Put-up job' or 'fixed game', referring to

32000-471: The Ryōgoku Kokugikan . The session takes place in front of a considerable number of oyakata and many members of the sports and mainstream media. The event is usually filmed by different entities. After the workout, various specialists will voice their opinions on the state of the sport's top rankers. Soppugata ( ソップ型 ) In sumo slang, a thin wrestler. Opposite of ankogata . Sōridaijin-hai ( 総理大臣杯 ) The Prime Minister's Cup;

32256-726: The Shuto Expressway to meet the increased demand brought about by the 1964 Tokyo Olympics , the first Olympic Games held in Asia. Around this time, the 31-metre height restriction, imposed on all buildings since 1920, was relaxed due to the increased demand for office buildings and advancements in earthquake-proof construction. Starting with the Kasumigaseki Building (147 metres) in 1968, skyscrapers began to dominate Tokyo's skyline. During this period of rapid rebuilding, Tokyo celebrated its 500th anniversary in 1956 and

32512-468: The Sumo Association to style the hair of wrestlers and to fashion the elaborate ōichomage of sekitori for official tournaments and public engagements. Tomoesen ( 巴戦 ) A sumo play-off involving three wrestlers who are separated in east, west and neutral. The play-off begins with the eastern wrestler competing with the western. If the eastern wrestler win, he then faces

32768-472: The Taishō period , and until 1966 any wrestler who was a university graduate could enter pro sumo at the bottom of makushita . The system was changed in 1966, and from then until 2001 a wrestler who had achieved success as an amateur would begin at the rank of makushita 60, though the criteria were not as strict at the time. From 2001 until 2023, any wrestler who had won one of the four major amateur titles

33024-624: The Tokyo Islands . Despite most of the world recognizing Tokyo as a city, since 1943 its governing structure has been more akin to a prefecture, with an accompanying Governor and Assembly taking precedence over the smaller municipal governments which make up the metropolis. Notable special wards in Tokyo include Chiyoda , the site of the National Diet Building and the Tokyo Imperial Palace ; Shinjuku ,

33280-439: The Tokyo Metropolis (東京都, Tōkyō-to ). This reorganization aimed to create a more centralized and efficient administrative structure to better manage resources, urban planning, and civil defence during wartime. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government thus became responsible for both prefectural and city functions while administering cities, towns, and villages in the suburban and rural areas. Although Japan enjoyed significant success in

33536-831: The Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building (1991). Kisho Kurokawa was also active in the city, and his works there include the National Art Center (2005) and the Nakagin Capsule Tower (1972). Other notable contemporary buildings in Tokyo include the Tokyo Dome , Mode Gakuen Cocoon Tower , Roppongi Hills , Tokyo International Forum , and Asahi Beer Hall . As of October 2012, the official intercensal estimate showed 13.506 million people in Tokyo, with 9.214 million living within Tokyo's 23 wards. During

33792-424: The Tokyo Stock Exchange (1878). The rapid modernization of the country was driven from Tokyo, with its business districts such as Marunouchi filled with modern brick buildings and the railway network serving as a means to help the large influx of labour force needed to keep the development of the economy. The City of Tokyo was officially established on May 1, 1889. The Imperial Diet , the national legislature of

34048-514: The Tōhoku region were allowed to participate in the tournament. In 2013, the event was held on February 11 and, for the first time, took place in Tokyo at the Ariake Colosseum . The tournament was marked by the victory of the two children of Tokitsukaze stablemaster ( Tokitsuumi Masahiro ). His first son, Hiroichi Sakamoto, won the fourth-grade division, and his second son, Masamasa, won

34304-586: The second-largest in the world at the time behind that of the United States . As of 2023 , the city is home to 29 of the world's 500 largest companies, as listed in the annual Fortune Global 500 ; the second-highest number of any city. In the 20th and 21st centuries, Tokyo became the first city in Asia to host the Summer Olympics and Paralympics in 1964, and again in 2021, and it also hosted three G7 summits in 1979, 1986, and 1993. Tokyo

34560-538: The 13-year history of the event. The 2024 edition of the Hakuhō Cup was held at the Ryōgoku Kokugikan on 12 February. A total of 1,100 people took part in the competition, with athletes from nine different foreign countries (Thailand, Brazil, Taiwan, Ukraine, Mongolia, Georgia, Poland, the USA and South Korea). Exceptionally, a children's group from Ishikawa Prefecture was invited to take part as an honorary group, to entertain

34816-469: The 18th century and women currently compete in amateur competitions. Oshi-zumō ( 押し相撲 ) There are two main types of wrestling in sumo: oshi-zumō and yotsu-zumō . Oshi-zumō literally translates as 'pushing sumo', and is more commonly referred to in English as a 'pusher' ( oshi )-thruster ( tsuki ). One who fights in the oshi-zumō style prefers fighting apart, not grabbing

35072-557: The 1930s but canceled due to the war. However, due to the monetary contraction policy known as the Dodge Line , named after Joseph Dodge , the neoliberal economic advisor to MacArthur, the plan had to be reduced to a minimal one focusing on transport and other infrastructure. In 1947, the 35 pre-war special wards were reorganized into the current 23 wards . Tokyo did not experience fast economic growth until around 1950, when heavy industry output returned to pre-war levels. Since around

35328-547: The 1950s and 1960s, the government invested 6–7% of the national budget on disaster and risk reduction. A huge system of dams, levees and tunnels was constructed. The purpose is to manage heavy rain, typhonic rain, and river floods. Tokyo has currently the world's largest underground floodwater diversion facility called the Metropolitan Area Outer Underground Discharge Channel (MAOUDC). It took 13 years to build and

35584-420: The 19th century. Chikara-mizu ( 力水 ) 'Power-water'. The ladleful of water with which a wrestler ranked in jūryō or above will ceremonially rinse out his mouth in order to purify himself prior to a bout. The water is prepared by a yobidashi that draws water from the bucket with a ladle and hands it to the winning wrestler of the previous bout (known as the kachi-nokori ), who then gives

35840-679: The 26th Centenary of the Enthronement of Emperor Jimmu celebrations took place on a grand scale to boost morale and increase the sense of national identity in the same year. On 8 December 1941, Japan attacked the American bases at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii , entering the Second World War against the Allied Powers . The wartime regime greatly affected life in the city. In 1943, Tokyo City merged with Tokyo Prefecture to form

36096-452: The House of Representatives, 6 of whom were members of the ruling LDP in the 2021 election. The Tokyo at-large district , which covers the entire metropolis, sends 12 members to the House of Councillors . The mainland portion of Tokyo lies northwest of Tokyo Bay and measures about 90 km (56 mi) east to west and 25 km (16 mi) north to south. The average elevation in Tokyo

36352-420: The Japan Sumo Association. Sekitori ( 関取 ) Literally 'taken the barrier'. Sumo wrestlers ranked jūryō or higher. Sekiwake ( 関脇 ) Literally 'next to the barrier'. The third-highest rank of sumo wrestlers. Senshūraku ( 千秋楽 ) The final day of a sumo tournament. Senshūraku literally translates as 'many years of comfort.' There are two possible explanations for

36608-527: The Japanese epic The Tale of the Heike , in which the samurai Minamoto no Yoshitsune leapt from boat to boat eight times to avoid his enemies. Hatsukuchi ( 初口 ) The first match of a division on a tournament day. Hazuoshi ( 筈押し ) Pushing up with hands under opponent's armpits. Hazu refers to the nock of an arrow where it makes contact with the bow string. Hazu can also mean

36864-542: The Meiji government, Edo was renamed Tokyo (Eastern Capital) on 3 September 1868. Emperor Meiji visited the city once at the end of that year and eventually moved there in 1869. Tokyo had already been the nation's political center for nearly three centuries, and the emperor's residence made it a de facto imperial capital as well, with the former Edo Castle becoming the Imperial Palace . Government ministries such as

37120-641: The Mitsui Headquarters (1929), Mitsukoshi Nihonbashi flagship store (1914, refurbished in 1925), Takashimaya Nihonbashi flagship store (1932), Wako in Ginza (1932) and Isetan Shinjuku flagship store (1933). This spread of earthquake and fire-resistant architecture reached council housing too, most notably the Dōjunkai apartments . The 1930s saw the rise of styles that combined characteristics of both traditional Japanese and modern designs. Chuta Ito

37376-426: The US dollar, had a devastating effect on Japan's manufacturing sector, particularly affecting small to mid-size companies based in Tokyo. This led the government to adopt a domestic-demand-focused economic policy, ultimately causing an asset price bubble . Land redevelopment projects were planned across the city, and real estate prices skyrocketed. By 1990, the estimated value of the Imperial Palace surpassed that of

37632-520: The US seized control of the Mariana Islands . From these islands, newly developed long-range B-29 bombers could conduct return journeys. The bombing of Tokyo in 1944 and 1945 is estimated to have killed between 75,000 and 200,000 civilians and left more than half of the city destroyed. The deadliest night of the war came on March 9–10, 1945, the night of the American " Operation Meetinghouse " raid. Nearly 700,000 incendiary bombs were dropped on

37888-526: The USA. Hakuhō's son, eight-year-old Mahato, participated in the second-grade division of the individual tournament but was eliminated in the first round, as he was in 2016. It was also the first time a Mongolian won the Fighting Spirit prize. The event was held at the Ryōgoku Kokugikan in Tokyo on February, 13. Around 1,300 elementary and junior high school students from eight countries and regions, including Mongolia, Taiwan and Hong Kong, gathered for

38144-577: The administrative boundaries of Tokyo Metropolis are two island chains in the Pacific Ocean directly south: the Izu Islands , and the Ogasawara Islands , which stretch more than 1,000 km (620 mi) away from the mainland. Because of these islands and the mountainous regions to the west, Tokyo's overall population density figures far under-represent the real figures for the urban and suburban regions of Tokyo. The former city of Tokyo and

38400-478: The area that had been Tokyo City until 1943, 30 other municipalities are located in the Tama area , and the remaining 9 are on Tokyo's outlying islands. Tokyo has enacted a measure to cut greenhouse gases. Governor Shintaro Ishihara created Japan's first emissions cap system , aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emission by a total of 25% by 2020 from the 2000 level. Tokyo is an example of an urban heat island , and

38656-463: The basic sumo exercises, in which a wrestler cross a practice zone while squatting down, keeping his hips low and sliding his feet on the ground with their whole sole surface, not lifting them. Elbows and palms are facing up with arms close inside to imagine pushing an opponent. T [ edit ] [REDACTED] A tegata made by Terao [REDACTED] Emperor's Cup on display Tachi-ai ( 立ち合い ) The initial charge at

38912-399: The beginning of a bout. Tate-gyōji ( 立行司 ) The two designated highest ranking gyōji , who preside over the last few bouts of a tournament day. The highest ranking gyōji takes the professional name Kimura Shōnosuke while the lower takes the name Shikimori Inosuke. Tanimachi ( タニマチ ) An individual supporter. The word comes from a district of Osaka where, at

39168-458: The beginning of the 20th century, a dentist who was a sumo fan treated wrestlers for free. Tanimachi can sponsor wrestlers when individually or grouped together in koenkai . Tawara ( 俵 ) Bales of rice straw. Tawara are half-buried in the clay of the dohyō to mark its boundaries. Tegata ( 手形 ) 'Hand print'. A memento consisting of a wrestler's handprint in red or black ink and his shikona written by

39424-528: The belt as in yotsu-zumō , and usually winning with tactics of pushing, thrusting, and tsuppari . Oshi-zumō when done effectively can lead to a quick and decisive victory, but its exponents often fall prey to dodging motions or being slapped down, and may become helpless once the opponent gets a hold of their belt. Oshi-zumō fighters are generally thought of as simplistic, while yotsu-zumō fighters are seen more as technicians. Otōtodeshi ( 弟弟子 ) A junior disciple. Young low-ranker at

39680-419: The bout, awarded to the winner upon the gyōji 's gunbai . The banners of the sponsors are paraded around the dohyō prior to the bout, and their names are announced. Roughly half the sponsorship prize money goes directly to the winner, the remainder (minus an administrative fee) is held by the Japan Sumo Association until his retirement. Keshō-mawashi ( 化粧廻し ) The loincloth fronted with

39936-450: The ceiling when this is achieved during honbasho . However, it is not necessary to be at 100% capacity to unfurl the banner. Typically when seats are over 80% filled the banner is unfurled, however they have been unfurled with numbers as low as 75% and not unfurled with numbers as high as 95%. Matawari ( 股割り ) 'Split'. An exercise in which a wrestler sits on the ground with his legs wide apart, then lowers his torso to touch

40192-498: The children after the 2024 Noto earthquake . Hiroto, son of former ōzeki Kotoshōgiku competed in the toddler division team competition and his club (Kashiwa Sumo Boy's Club) won the tournament. Former junior high school division winner Ōnosato also attended the event as a spectator, having come to cheer on Ibata Yūki (a wrestler also from Tsubata, Ishikawa ). Yuki then went on to win the individual Junior High competition. Glossary of sumo terms#wanpaku-zumo From Misplaced Pages,

40448-475: The city's administrative center; and Shibuya , a commercial, cultural, and business hub in the city. Before the 17th century, Tokyo, then known as Edo , was mainly a fishing village. It gained political prominence in 1603 when it became the seat of the Tokugawa shogunate . By the mid-18th century, Edo was among the world's largest cities, with over a million residents. Following the Meiji Restoration in 1868,

40704-562: The city. The climate of Chichijima in Ogasawara village is on the boundary between the tropical savanna climate (Köppen classification: Aw ) and the tropical rainforest climate (Köppen classification: Af ). It is approximately 1,000 km (621 mi) south of the Greater Tokyo Area , resulting in much different climatic conditions. Tokyo's easternmost territory, the island of Minamitorishima in Ogasawara village ,

40960-570: The consumption of alcohol to the strength of the wrestlers, as being alcohol resistant is said to be a show of power. In the past, wrestlers would pour beer or sake into a bowl the same size as a rice bowl and eat chanko while drinking. Today, the consumption of alcohol is an integral part of the celebration after a wrestler wins a tournament, as he drinks sake from a big rice wine cup ( sakazuki ). Basho ( 場所 ) 'Venue'. Any sumo tournament. Compare honbasho . Binbōgami ( 貧乏神 ) 'God of poverty'. In sumo ranking,

41216-585: The country, leading to Japan joining the Second World War as an Axis power . Due to the country's political isolation on the international stage caused by its military aggression in China and the increasingly unstable geopolitical situations in Europe, Тоkуо had to give up hosting the 1940 Summer Olympics in 1938. Rationing started in June 1940 as the nation braced itself for another world war, while

41472-524: The country, was established in Tokyo in 1889, and it has ever since been operating in the city. On 1 September 1923, the Great Kanto Earthquake struck the city, and the earthquake and subsequent fire killed an estimated 105,000 citizens. The loss amounted to 37 percent of the country's economic output. On the other hand, the destruction provided an opportunity to reconsider the planning of the city, which had changed its shape hastily after

41728-442: The daytime, the population swells by over 2.5 million as workers and students commute from adjacent areas. This effect is even more pronounced in the three central wards of Chiyoda , Chūō , and Minato , whose collective population as of the 2005 National Census was 326,000 at night, but 2.4 million during the day. According to April 2024 official estimates, Setagaya (942,003), Nerima (752,608), and Ota (748,081) were

41984-443: The division right below makuuchi , explaining its name, before jūryō was split off from it to become the new second highest division. Makushita tsukedashi ( 幕下付け出し ) A system where an amateur wrestler that has finished in the top eight in designated amateur tournaments is allowed to skip the bottom three divisions and enter pro sumo at the bottom of the makushita division. The original system has existed since

42240-1465: The division, the wrestler finishes 15–0 or 7–0 in the tournament. References [ edit ] ^ Gunning, John (July 7, 2019). "Sumo 101: Tied bouts" . The Japan Times . Retrieved July 28, 2020 . ^ Sumo Reference: Bout query result (azukari) ^ Gunning, John (15 September 2019). "Sumo 101: Banzuke-gai" . The Japan Times . Retrieved 25 September 2019 . ^ "「引退相撲」と「断髪式」はどう違う？ 力士は全員、国技館で引退相撲ができる？ Ｑ＆Ａで回答" . Nikkan Sports (in Japanese). 28 May 2022 . Retrieved 2 June 2022 . ^ "henka" . jisho.org . ^ Sumo Reference: Bout query result (yasumi) ^ Sumo Reference: Bout query result (hikiwake) ^ Sumo Reference: Bout query result (itamiwake) ^ Gunning, John (7 November 2019). "Sumo injuries pose ever-present issues for wrestlers, rankings" . Japan Times . Retrieved 7 November 2019 . ^ Gunning, John (6 June 2018). "Army of okamisan work behind scenes to keep sumo stables running smoothly" . Japan Times . Retrieved 8 September 2020 . ^ Gunning, John (2 June 2021). "Dual yokozuna promotion could join list of recent rare events in sumo" . Japan Times . Retrieved 4 June 2021 . ^ Shuji, Miki (4 June 2020). "Long and short of sumo's prematch ritual shikiri" . The Japan News . Archived from

42496-431: The double inside grip together, weakening it, and allowing one to force the opponent out of the ring. Kime-dashi is also known as kannuki ( 閂 ) (usually written in hiragana as かんぬき ), and means 'to bolt' or 'to bar'. When two wrestlers who both fight in the yotsu-zumō style oppose each other and favor the same style grip, either migi-yotsu or hidari-yotsu , then they will fit together nicely in what

42752-406: The drum tower. The initial banzuke prior to each honbasho is written on the itabanzuke before being reduced and printed on paper as leaflets for programs. Itamiwake ( 痛み分け ) A draw due to injury. A rematch ( torinaoshi ) has been called but one wrestler is too injured to continue; this is no longer in use and the injured wrestler forfeits instead. The last itamiwake

43008-411: The early Meiji period , the city was sometimes called "Tōkei", an alternative pronunciation for the same characters representing "Tokyo", making it a kanji homograph . Some surviving official English documents use the spelling "Tokei"; however, this pronunciation is now obsolete. Tokyo was originally a village called Edo , part of the old Musashi Province . Edo was first fortified by the Edo clan in

43264-581: The earthquake and new cultural and liberal political movements, such as Taishō Democracy , spread, the 1930s saw an economic downturn caused by the Great Depression and major political turmoil. Two attempted military coups d'état happened in Tokyo, the May 15 incident in 1932 and the February 26 incident in 1936. This turmoil eventually allowed the military wings of the government to take control of

43520-482: The east end of the city ( shitamachi , 下町), an area with a high concentration of factories and working-class houses. Two-fifths of the city were completely burned, more than 276,000 buildings were destroyed, 100,000 civilians were killed, and 110,000 more were injured. Numerous Edo and Meiji-era buildings of historical significance were destroyed, including the main building of the Imperial Palace , Sensō-ji , Zōjō-ji , Sengaku-ji and Kabuki-za . Between 1940 and 1945,

43776-585: The edges of the ring by aggressive attacks.   Deshi ( 弟子 ) An apprentice. Generally used to describe every lower-ranked wrestler ( makushita and below) in a stable. Also used to call every wrestler trained by the shishō or a more senior wrestler. Dezuiri ( 手数入り ) A yokozuna dohyo-iri performed as part of the New Year celebration at the Meiji Shrine in Tokyo. Dohyō ( 土俵 ) The ring in which

44032-532: The empress joins the emperor in watching sumo. They are escorted to their seats called kihin-seki ( 貴賓席 ) , which are only used by the royal family, by the Chairman of the Sumo Association who sits behind them and explains the happenings. Teppō ( 鉄炮 ) 'Gun' or 'Cannon'. Wooden pole used for slapping and Tachi-ai training, intended to strengthen the wrestlers' wrists, arms and shoulders. Tokoyama ( 床山 ) Hairdressers employed by

44288-521: The entire state of California . The Tokyo Stock Exchange became the largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization, with the Tokyo-based NTT becoming the most highly valued company globally. After the bubble burst in the early 1990s, Japan experienced a prolonged economic downturn called the " Lost Decades ", which was charactized by extremely low or negative economic growth, deflation, stagnant asset prices. Tokyo's status as

44544-407: The event. That year, the individual championship (junior high school division) was won by Shingo Mukainakano  [ ja ] , who later joined Miyagino stable . The event was held at the Ryōgoku Kokugikan in Tokyo on February, 11. On this edition, 54 teams and 1,194 participants from eight countries, including Japan, China and Mongolia, took part to the event. The sponsor of that year's event

44800-616: The event. The Hakuho Cup then took place in December 2011 in Osaka . The following year, the Hakuhō Cup took place in April 2012 in Ōsaki , Miyagi Prefecture to entertain the children after the earthquake that devastated the prefecture. The location was also chosen as Hakuhō is also a tourism ambassador for the city and he felt it was also his responsibility to help the reconstruction effort. Only elementary and junior high school students from

45056-400: The fight will be a fair and clean one. Chonmage ( 丁髷 ) Traditional Japanese haircut with a topknot, now largely only worn by sumo wrestlers, so an easy way to recognize that a man is in the sumo profession. D [ edit ] [REDACTED] A dohyō [REDACTED] A dohyō-iri ceremony [REDACTED] A yokozuna ( Kakuryū Rikisaburō ) performing

45312-455: The final day ( senshūraku ) of a honbasho , where the six scheduled wrestlers, three from east side and three from the west side in turn perform shiko simultaneously on the dohyō . San'yo ( 参与 ) 'Consultant'. Special rank in the toshiyori system in which oyakata are re-hired by the association as consultants on reduced pay for five years after mandatory retirement. As of 2024 , there are six san'yo in

45568-567: The first day of the tournament gets his first victory. Mizu-iri ( 水入り ) Water break. When a match goes on for around four minutes, the gyōji will stop the match for a water break for the safety of the wrestlers. In the two sekitori divisions, he will then place them back in exactly the same position to resume the match, while lower division bouts are restarted from the tachi-ai . Mochikyūkin ( 持ち給金 ) A system of bonus payments to sekitori wrestlers. Mono-ii ( 物言い ) The discussion held by

45824-413: The first time, a "Toddler division" was introduced to allow really young kids to compete. During the competition, Uriah Ulima Kamahao Luamanu of Hawaii won a bronze medal in the elementary school fifth-grade division. By doing so, he became the first-ever Hakuhō Cup medalist from the United States, and also the first wrestler from outside of Japan or Mongolia to reach the podium in any classification during

46080-472: The first time, a team of 5 Brazilians participated to the event. At the occasion of the ten years of the event, the Hakuhō Cup was sponsored by two yokozuna : Kisenosato and Harumafuji . It was also the first public appearance of Harumafuji to an event linked to the Japan Sumo Association since his retirement and the first time the three yokozuna publicly met together since Harumafuji and Kisenosato retired. Olympics Minister Seiko Hashimoto also gave

46336-413: The first wrestler since the end of the Second World War to be under 1.60 m (5 ft 3 in) tall. The event was held at the Ryōgoku Kokugikan in Tokyo on February 2. A record number of more than 1,100 entrants from 14 countries participated to the event with 142 teams competing in the team division. This record makes the 10th edition of the Hakuhō Cup the largest sumo tournament in history. For

46592-406: The first-grade division. In the same tournament, Kamatani Masakatsu (son of Sadogatake stablemaster Kotonowaka Terumasa ) came third in the junior high school division. The event was held at the Ryōgoku Kokugikan in Tokyo on February, 2. Around 566 elementary and junior high school students from Japan, Mongolia, South Korea and China took part in the tournament. For the first time, the event

46848-517: The five-storey pagoda and the Shimizudo. The Nezu Shrine and Gokokuji were built by the fifth shogun Tsunayoshi Tokugawa in the late 1600s. All feudal lords ( daimyo ) had large Edo houses where they stayed when in Edo; at one point, these houses amounted to half the total area of Edo. None of the grand Edo-era daimyo houses still exist in Tokyo, as their vast land footprint made them easy targets for redevelopment programs for modernization during

47104-1550: The free dictionary. Glossary of Sumo Terms Sumo Glossary Sumopedia at NHK World-Japan v t e Glossaries of sports Sports terms named after people American football Archery Association football Athletics Australian rules football Baseball derived idioms Basketball Board games Bowling Bowls Canadian football Chess chess problems computer chess Climbing Contract bridge Cricket Cue sports Curling Cycling parts Darts Disc golf Equestrian Australian and New Zealand punting North American horse racing Fencing Italian terms Figure skating Gaelic games Golf Gymnastics Ice hockey Kabaddi Kho kho Motorsport Pickleball Poker Professional wrestling Rowing Rugby league Rugby union Shooting sport Skiing and snowboarding Skiing and snowboarding Sumo Surfing Table tennis Tennis Trampolining Volleyball Water polo Wing Chun Category Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_sumo_terms&oldid=1259262493 " Categories : Glossaries of sports Sumo-related lists Sumo terminology Hidden categories: CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja) Articles with short description Short description

47360-408: The 💕 The following words are terms used in sumo wrestling in Japan. Contents:  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z References External links A [ edit ] Agari-zashiki ( 揚座敷 ) The raised part of

47616-401: The ground between his legs. Matta ( 待った ) False start. When the wrestlers do not have mutual consent in the start of the match and one of the wrestlers starts before the other wrestler is ready, a matta is called, and the match is restarted. Typically the wrestler who is at fault for the false start (often this is both of them; one for giving the impression that he was ready to

47872-457: The hands at the tachi-ai to distract the opponent. Nihon Sumō Kyōkai ( 日本相撲協会 ) The Japan Sumo Association , the governing body for professional sumo (called ōzumō ( 大相撲 ) ). Nihon Sumō Renmei ( 日本相撲連盟 ) The Japan Sumo Federation  [ ja ] , a public interest corporation that oversees amateur sumo ( アマチュア相撲 ) in Japan. Niramiai ( 睨み合い ) The staredown between sumo wrestlers before

48128-583: The imperial capital in Kyoto was moved to Edo, and the city was renamed Tokyo ( lit.   ' Eastern Capital ' ). In 1923, Tokyo was damaged substantially by the Great Kantō earthquake , and the city was later badly damaged by allied bombing raids during World War II . Beginning in the late 1940s, Tokyo underwent rapid reconstruction and expansion that contributed to the era's so-called Japanese economic miracle in which Japan's economy propelled to

48384-490: The initial stages of the war and rapidly expanded its sphere of influence, the Doolittle Raid on 18 April 1942, marked the first direct foreign attack on Tokyo. Although the physical damage was minimal, the raid demonstrated the vulnerability of the Japanese mainland to air attacks and boosted American morale. Large-scale Allied air bombing of cities in the Japanese home islands, including Tokyo, began in late 1944 when

48640-403: The ladle to the wrestler of his side who is preparing for his own match. The wrestlers are encouraged to only take a sip instead of drinking the whole ladle. The ladle has been used since 1941, before that, sake cups were used. When water is given, the person holds the handle of the ladle with his right hand and supports it with his left hand while handing it to the person who takes the ladle. Thus,

48896-450: The late twelfth century. In 1457, Ōta Dōkan built Edo Castle to defend the region from the Chiba clan . After Dōkan was assassinated in 1486, the castle and the area came to be possessed by several feudal lords. In 1590, Tokugawa Ieyasu was granted the Kantō region by Toyotomi Hideyoshi and moved there from his ancestral land of Mikawa Province . He greatly expanded the castle, which

49152-553: The latter is the tallest tower in both Japan and the world, and the second tallest structure in the world after the Burj Khalifa in Dubai . With a scheduled completion date in 2027, Torch Tower (385m) will overtake Azabudai Hills Mori JP Tower (325.2m) as the tallest building in Tokyo. Kenzo Tange designed notable contemporary buildings in Tokyo, including Yoyogi National Gymnasium (1964), St. Mary's Cathedral (1967), and

49408-410: The lowest makuuchi rank. This rank makes up the bulk of the makuuchi division, comprising around 30 wrestlers depending on the number in san'yaku . Only the top ranks ( maegashira jō'i ( 前頭上位 ) ) normally fight against san'yaku wrestlers. Also sometimes referred to as hiramaku ( 平幕 ) , particularly when used in contrast to san'yaku . Maemitsu ( 前褌 ) Front of

49664-646: The main palace buildings and the tenshu tower have been lost. Numerous temple and shrine buildings in Tokyo date from this era: the Ueno Toshogu still maintains the original 1651 building built by the third shogun Iemitsu Tokugawa . Although partially destroyed during the Second World War, Zojo-ji , which houses the Tokugawa family mausoleum, still has grand Edo-era buildings such as the Sangedatsu gate. Kaneiji has grand 17th-century buildings such as

49920-437: The majority of Tokyo prefecture lie in the humid subtropical climate zone ( Köppen climate classification : Cfa ), with hot, humid summers and mild to cool winters with occasional cold spells. The region, like much of Japan, experiences a one-month seasonal lag . The warmest month is August, which averages 26.9 °C (80.4 °F). The coolest month is January, averaging 5.4 °C (41.7 °F). The record low temperature

50176-422: The majority of its resources to rebuilding in the wake of the consistent fires, earthquakes , and other devastating natural disasters that plagued the city. Edo grew into one of the largest cities in the world with a population reaching one million by the 18th century. This prolonged period of seclusion however came to an end with the arrival of American Commodore Matthew C. Perry in 1853. Commodore Perry forced

50432-459: The marriage of a shogun's daughter into the Maeda clan , one of the most affluent of the feudal lords, while the campus itself occupies their former edo estate. The Meiji era saw a rapid modernization in architectural styles as well; until the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923 exposed their weakness to seimic shocks, grand brick buildings were constantly built across the city. Tokyo Station (1914),

50688-410: The most bouts. Yūshō arasoi ( 優勝争い ) 'Struggle for victory'. The championship race. Used to denote the ranking of wrestlers who can win the title near the end of the tournament. Z [ edit ] Zanbara ( ざんばら ) Loose and disheveled hair. Term for style of hair before wrestler's hair is long enough to put in chonmage hair style. When seen in upper divisions it

50944-413: The most populous wards and municipalities in Tokyo. The least inhabited of all Tokyo municipalities are remote island villages such as Aogashima (150), Mikurajima (289), and Toshima (306). In 2021, Tokyo's average and median ages were both 45.5 years old. This is below the national median age of 49.0, placing Tokyo among the youngest regions in Japan. 16.8% of the population was below 15, while 34.6%

51200-444: The name Kihō, using the makushita tsukedashi system to reflects his other successes. The event was held at the Ryōgoku Kokugikan in Tokyo on January, 31. The sponsor of that year's event was ōzeki Kotoshogiku who was the first Japanese wrestler to won a January tournament in ten years that year. The individual championship (junior high school) of that year was won by Nakamura Daiki who later joined Nishonoseki stable under

51456-424: The name of the owner in kanji. Yokozuna are typically allowed to use three boxes as they have more regalia. Amazumo ( アマ相撲 ) Amateur sumo, consisting of bouts between non-professionals, ex-professionals, or people otherwise ineligible to compete professionally such as women and minors. Includes individual and team competition at the international level. Ankogata ( アンコ型 ) In sumo slang,

51712-423: The neutral. If the eastern wins again, he wins the tournament. If not, the neutral wrestler remains on the dohyō and wrestles with the western wrestler. If the neutral wins again, he wins the tournament, and so on – the first to win two in a row wins the tournament. Torikumi ( 取組 ) A bout during a tournament. May also refer to a day's bout schedule. Torinaoshi ( 取り直し ) A rematch. When

51968-408: The new gateway to the city, while the relatively small Haneda Airport switched to primarily domestic flights. West Shinjuku , which had been occupied by the vast Yodobashi Water Purification Centre until 1965, became the site of an entirely new business district characterized by skyscrapers surpassing 200 metres during this period. The American-led Plaza Accord in 1985, which aimed to depreciate

52224-493: The next tournament without any effect on his rank. It was abolished at the end of 2003 because it was felt too many wrestlers were missing tournaments with minor injuries. Kuisagaru ( 食い下がる ) Grabbing the front of the opponent's belt, placing one's head against their chest, and lowering one's hips in an effort to lower one's center of gravity in order to force out an opponent. Kunroku ( 九六 ) 'Nine and six'. Japanese slang used to ridicule wrestlers who have

52480-416: The nock-shaped area of the hand between the thumb and forefinger, so in this case means using the hazu of the hand to lock into the armpit of the opponent and push them upward to prevent them from getting a hold of one's belt. Henka ( 変化 ) A sidestep performed at the tachi-ai to avoid an attack and set up a slap-down technique , but this is often regarded as unsportsmanlike. Some say it

52736-410: The occasional transfer of personnel. All ichimon have at least one representative on the Sumo Association board of directors. In the past, ichimon were more established cooperative entities and until 1965, wrestlers from the same ichimon did not fight each other in tournament competition. Iitoko uru ( いいとこ売る ) 'Half-truth'. Making up a story by pretending to know something. In

52992-411: The officials decide. Fundoshi ( 褌 ) Also pronounced mitsu . General term referring to a loincloth, ornamental apron, or mawashi . Fundoshikatsugi ( 褌担ぎ ) 'Loincloth shoulder'. An apprentice tsukebito . An attendant who carries light cargo. Fure-daiko ( ふれ太鼓 ) Also pronounced fure-taiko . A taiko drum procession to announce the start of

53248-553: The opening of the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate , leading to an increase in the demand for new foreign goods and subsequently a severe rise in inflation. Social unrest mounted in the wake of these higher prices and culminated in widespread rebellions and demonstrations, especially in the form of the "smashing" of rice establishments. Meanwhile, supporters of the Emperor leveraged the disruption caused by widespread rebellious demonstrations to further consolidate power, which resulted in

53504-419: The opposite side or from a loser, which would be bad luck. This individual is known as the kachi-nokori . For the san'yaku matches it is traditional that wrestlers stay after their matches to avoid a wrestler being without kachi-nokori . In the event that all the san'yaku wrestlers on the same side lose, one side will not have a winner or a next wrestler to give them the water. In this rare case

53760-432: The order of left, right, and center. It is done to show gratitude to the gods Kamimusubi (left), Takamimusubi (right), and Ame-no-Minakanushi (center). Tennō-hai ( 天皇杯 ) Emperor's Cup, awarded to the winner of the top division tournament championship since 1925. Tenran-zumō ( 天覧相撲 ) Sumo performed in front of the emperor. In the past women were forbidden from watching sumo, however nowadays

54016-912: The original on 4 June 2020 . Retrieved 4 June 2020 . ^ Gunning, John (July 14, 2019). "Sumo 101: Shikiri sen" . The Japan Times . Retrieved December 25, 2020 . ^ Morita, Hiroshi. "Sumo Q&A" . NHK World-Japan . Retrieved December 25, 2020 . ^ Hall, Mina (1997). The Big Book of Sumo (Paperback). Berkeley, CA, USA: Stone Bridge Press. p.  31 . ISBN   978-1-880656-28-0 . ^ "Salt Tossing [塩まき] - SUMOPEDIA" . YouTube . NHK WORLD-JAPAN. 18 September 2019 . Retrieved 5 January 2022 . ^ "Actress's love of sumo pays off big time with post on yokozuna council" . Asahi Shimbun . 1 August 2022 . Retrieved 18 August 2022 . External links [ edit ] [REDACTED] Look up Category:Sumo in Wiktionary,

54272-434: The origins of this term. In gagaku (traditional Japanese court music) the term is tied with celebratory meaning to the last song of the day. In classic nōgaku theater there is a play known as Takasago , in which the term is used in a song at the end of the play. Today the term is used in kabuki and other types of performances as well. Sewanin ( 世話人 ) 'Assistant'. A retired wrestler (usually from

54528-553: The other and the other for moving before his opponent was ready) will bow to the judges in apology. The first kanji means 'to wait', indicating that the match must wait until both wrestlers are ready. Mawashi ( 廻し ) The thick-waisted loincloth worn for sumo training and competition. Mawashi worn by sekitori wrestlers are white cotton for training and colored silk for competition; lower ranks wear dark cotton for both training and competition. Mawashi matta ( まわし待った ) 'Mawashi break'. The interruption of

54784-499: The overthrow of the Tokugawa shogunate , for the first time in a few centuries, the Emperor ceased to be a mere figurehead and became both the de facto and de jure ruler of the country. Hisoka Maejima advocated for the relocation of the capital functions to Tokyo, recognizing the advantages of the existing infrastructure and the vastness of the Kanto Plain compared to the relatively small Kyoto basin . After being handed over to

55040-638: The overthrow of the last Tokugawa shōgun, Yoshinobu , in 1867. After 265 years, the Pax Tokugawa came to an end. In May 1868, Edo castle was handed to the Emperor-supporting forces after negotiation (the Fall of Edo ). Some forces loyal to the shogunate kept fighting, but with their loss in the Battle of Ueno on 4 July 1868, the entire city came under the control of the new government . After

55296-438: The person receiving the water drinks with his right hand while holding the handle with his left. The wrestler who gave the ladle then passes the chikara-gami to the next wrestler. Chikara-gami ( 力紙 ) 'Power-paper'. The piece of calligraphy-grade paper with which a wrestler will ceremonially spit out the water while covering his mouth (there is a spitting spout) and wipes his mouth and sweat off his face prior to

55552-405: The phenomenon is especially serious in its special wards. According to the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, the annual mean temperature has increased by about 3 °C (5.4 °F) over the past 100 years. Tokyo has been cited as a "convincing example of the relationship between urban growth and climate". In 2006, Tokyo enacted the "10 Year Project for Green Tokyo" to be realized by 2016. It set

55808-425: The population of Tokyo dwindled from 6,700,000 to less than 2,800,000, as soldiers were sent to the front and children were evacuated. After the war, Tokyo became the base from which the Allied Occupation Forces , under Douglas MacArthur , an American general, administered Japan for six years. The original rebuilding plan of Tokyo was based on a plan modelled after the Metropolitan Green Belt of London , devised in

56064-427: The public on limited occasions. Aristocratic residences today open to the public include the Marquess Maeda residence in Komaba , the Baron Iwasaki residence in Ikenohata and the Baron Furukawa residence in Nishigahara. The Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923 ushered in an era of concrete architecture. Surviving reinforced concrete buildings from this era include the Meiji Insurance Headquarters (completed in 1934),

56320-422: The resignation of her predecessor, Yoichi Masuzoe . She was re-elected in 2020 and in 2024. The legislature of the Metropolis is called the Metropolitan Assembly , and it has one house with 127 seats. The assembly is responsible for enacting and amending prefectural ordinances, approving the budget (8.5 trillion yen in fiscal 2024), and voting on important administrative appointments made by the governor, including

56576-500: The result of a bout is too close to call even after the shimpan hold a mono-ii , they may call for the bout to be re-fought from the tachi-ai . Toriteki ( 取的 ) Opposite of sekitori . Refers to every wrestlers ranked from makushita and below, it often refers only to the jonidan and jonokuchi . Toshiyori ( 年寄 ) A sumo elder. Toshiyori kabu ( 年寄株 ) 'Elder share'. A named coaching licence of which there are 105, which

56832-433: The results of the previous tournament. It is written out in a particular calligraphy (see sumō-ji ) and usually released on the Monday 13 days prior to the first day of the tournament. Banzuke-gai ( 番付外 ) 'Outsider to the list'. A wrestler who is not yet ranked, or has fallen off the banzuke due to injury or other reason for non-participation. Bariki ( 馬力 ) 'Vigour'. Cryptic term linking

57088-407: The right to become a toshiyori in order to train future generations of wrestlers. Intai-zumō ( 引退相撲 ) 'Retirement sumo'. A one-day exhibition tournament held during the danpatsu-shiki to commemorate the retirement of a salaried wrestler . Itabanzuke ( 板番付 ) 'Board ranking'. A large wooden sumo ranking hung outside the tournament venue, usually at the basis of

57344-401: The role of a priest and reads a norito (called Kojitsugonjo ( 故実言上 ) ). He then pours sake on the four corners of the ring and bury six good luck items which called Shizumemono (washed rice, dried chest nuts, dried squid, dried kelp, salt and Torreya nucifera fruits), in a center of the ring, then pour sake there. A fure-daiko procession then takes place to formally open

57600-400: The rope a yokozuna wears for the dohyō-iri . See tsuna . Yokozuna-kai ( 横綱会 ) An event held every year after the Kyūshū tournament, where former and current yokozuna gather together. It has a long history, dating back to 1953. In recent years, it takes place as a dinner party held once a year at first-class hotels and high-class restaurants in Fukuoka-city . It

57856-563: The sumo wrestlers hold their matches, made of a specific clay and spread with sand. A new dohyō is built prior to each tournament. Dohyō-iri ( 土俵入り ) Ring-entering ceremony, performed only by the wrestlers in the jūryō and makuuchi divisions. The east and west sides perform their dohyō-iri together, in succession; the yokozuna have their own individual dohyō-iri performed separately. The main styles of yokozuna dohyō-iri are Unryū and Shiranui, named after Unryū Kyūkichi and Shiranui Kōemon (although it

58112-661: The supreme rank of yokozuna . Generally, promotion requires two consecutive championships or a similar performance. Tsunauchi ( 綱打ち ) A ceremony in which a tsuna of a current or former yokozuna is created by other sumo wrestlers and presented. Tsuppari ( 突っ張り ) To rapidly deliver harite ( 張り手 ) or 'open hand strikes' to the opponent. This technique is frequently employed by oshi-zumō wrestlers. Tsuriyane ( 吊り屋根 ) 'Suspended roof'. A 6.5-tonne (6.4-long-ton; 7.2-short-ton) structure held in place by 2.2 cm (0.87 in) thick wires that can bear almost five times as much weight. It

58368-411: The system was modified to the modern form. Prior to this, an absence would simply be recorded for both wrestlers, regardless of which one had failed to show. Recorded with a white square. G [ edit ] Gaburi-yori ( がぶり寄り ) Pushing the opponent with the torso. Ginō-shō ( 技能賞 ) Technique prize. One of three special prizes awarded to rikishi for performance in

58624-434: The time the Allied occupation of Japan ended in 1952, Tokyo's focus shifted from rebuilding to developing beyond its pre-war stature. From the 1950s onwards, Tokyo's Metro and railway network saw significant expansion, culminating in the launch of the world's first dedicated high-speed railway line, the Shinkansen , between Tokyo and Osaka in 1964. The same year saw the development of other transport infrastructure such as

58880-448: The tomorrow. [REDACTED] Asashōryū and Kotoshogiku displaying a hanmi stance Hanmi ( 半身 ) 'Half body'. In martial arts, a stance with legs in an L-shape, with one leg bent in front and other extended behind. Haridashi ( 張り出し ) 'Overhang'. If there are more than two wrestlers at any san'yaku rank, the additional wrestlers are termed haridashi . Prior to 1995, such wrestlers were listed on

59136-412: The top jūryō wrestlers. Top jūryō wrestlers are often called to bout with makuuchi wrestlers, but their income stays at that of a jūryō . Binzuke ( 鬢付け ) Also called binzuke abura (' binzuke oil'). A Japanese pomade, which consists mainly of wax and hardened chamomile oil that was used to style sumo wrestlers' hair and give it its distinctive smell and sheen. It

59392-415: The top 8 of either the All-Japan Championships, All-Japan Corporate Championships, National Student Championships, or the National Sports Festival Adults tournament was allowed to skip the bottom two divisions and start at the bottom of the sandanme division. In 2023 the system was changed, and those who now finish 9th through 16th in designated tournaments can start at the bottom of sandanme , while

59648-446: The top eight can start at the bottom of makushita . Also as of 2023, high school competitors placing in the top four in designated high school events are allowed to start at the bottom of sandanme . (See also makushita tsukedashi .) Sanshō ( 三賞 ) 'Three prizes'. Special prizes awarded to makuuchi wrestlers for exceptional performance. San'yaku ( 三役 ) 'Three ranks'. The "titleholder" ranks at

59904-440: The top of sumo. There are actually four ranks in san'yaku : yokozuna , ōzeki , sekiwake and komusubi , since the yokozuna is historically an ōzeki with a license to perform his own ring-entering ceremony. The word is occasionally used to refer only to sekiwake and komusubi . San'yaku soroibumi ( 三役揃い踏み ) Ritual preceding the kore yori san'yaku or final three bouts on

60160-451: The total to 700,000. As of 2014 , roadside trees in Tokyo have increased to 950,000, and a further 300 ha (740 acres) of green space has been added. Tokyo is the seat of all three branches of government : the legislature ( National Diet ), the executive ( Cabinet led by the Prime Minister ), and the judiciary ( Supreme Court of Japan ), as well as the Emperor of Japan , the head of state. Most government ministries are concentrated in

60416-526: The tournament period. The dohyō matsuri can also happen in the stable to bless the keikoba . E [ edit ] Ebanzuke ( 絵番付 ) Picture banzuke with paintings of top division sekitori , gyōji and sometimes yobidashi . F [ edit ] Fudadome ( 札止め ) 'Sold out,' meaning that seats are 100% sold out. In contrast to man'in onrei which means full house and can be claimed when seats are anywhere between 75–95% filled, depending on what

60672-554: The tournament was authorized by the temple magistrates, where sumo tournaments where usually held. Goningake ( 五人掛け ) Also known as goningakari ( 五人掛かり ) . An exhibition match in which five lower-ranked wrestlers are challenged one after another by a senior high-ranking wrestler. For example, on May 29, 2022, during an Aminishiki Ryūji 's retirement ceremony, yokozuna Terunofuji faced simultaneously Atamifuji , Midorifuji , Nishikifuji , Terutsuyoshi and Takarafuji . [REDACTED] Makuuchi wrestlers perform

60928-441: The traditional geomancy beliefs that the north-east direction brings misfortune. In everyday language, it came to be used as a word referring to 'something that is likely to have an unpleasant result.' Kinboshi ( 金星 ) 'Gold star'. Awarded to a maegashira who defeats a yokozuna during a honbasho . It represents a permanent salary bonus. Kinjite ( 禁じ手 ) 'Forbidden hand'. A foul move during

61184-400: The vice governors. Its members are also elected on a four-year cycle. Since the completion of the Great Mergers of Heisei in 2001, Tokyo consists of 62 municipalities : 23 special wards , 26 cities , 5 towns and 8 villages . All municipalities in Japan have a directly elected mayor and a directly elected assembly, each elected on independent four-year cycles. The 23 Special Wards cover

61440-441: The wind blows north-east it could send volcanic ash to Tokyo metropolis. According to the government, less than a millimeter of the volcanic ash from a Mount Fuji eruption could cause power grid problems such as blackouts and stop trains in the Tokyo metropolitan area. A mixture of ash with rain could stick to cellphone antennas, power lines and cause temporary power outages. The affected areas would need to be evacuated. Tokyo

61696-490: The wrestler in calligraphy on a square paperboard. It can be an original or a copy. A copy of a tegata may also be imprinted onto other memorabilia such as porcelain dishes. Only sekitori wrestlers are allowed to make hand prints. Tegatana ( 手刀 ) 'Knife hand'. After winning a match and accepting the prize money, the wrestler makes a ceremonial hand movement with a tegatana known as tegatana o kiru ( 手刀を切る ) where he makes three cutting motions in

61952-625: The wrestler's heya . Japanese wrestlers frequently do not adopt a shikona until they reach makushita or jūryō ; foreign wrestlers adopt one on entering the sport. On rare occasions, a wrestler may fight under his original family name for his entire career, such as former ōzeki Dejima and former yokozuna Wajima . Shimekomi ( 締込 ) The silk mawashi worn by sekitori for competition. Shimpan ( 審判 ) Ringside judges or umpires who may issue final rulings on any disputed decision. There are five shimpan for each bout, drawn from senior members of

62208-472: The wrestlers give exhibition matches. Junyūshō ( 準優勝 ) An informal designation for a second-place finish in a sumo championship. Jūryō ( 十両 ) 'Ten ryō ', for the original salary of a professional sumo wrestler. The second-highest division of sumo wrestlers, below makuuchi and above makushita , and the lowest division where the wrestlers receive a salary and full privileges. Jūmaime ( 十枚目 ) Another name for

62464-476: Was Yokozuna Kisenosato . That year, the individual championship (junior high school division) was won by Tetsuya Ochiai , who later joined Miyagino stable . In the fourth-grade individual competition, one match attracted particular attention after the underdog defeated after a thrilling match an opponent twice his weight. The winning wrestler, Kōsei Motomura, was awarded the competition's Technique Prize and then joined Sadogatake stable in April 2024, becoming

62720-630: Was a leading figure in this movement, and his extant works in Tokyo include Tsukiji Hongan-ji (1934). The Imperial Crown Style , which often features Japanese-style roofs on top of elevated concrete structures, was adopted for the Tokyo National Museum in Ueno and the Kudan Hall in Kudanminami . Since the 30-metre height restriction was lifted in the 1960s, Tokyo's most dense areas have been dominated by skyscrapers. As of May 2024, there are at least 184 buildings exceeding 150 metres (492 feet) in Tokyo. Apart from these, Tokyo Tower (333m) and Tokyo Sky Tree (634m) feature high-elevation observation decks;

62976-447: Was above 65. In the same year, the youngest municipalities in Tokyo were Mikura-jima (average age 40.72), Chuo (41.92), and Chiyoda (42.07), while the oldest included Okutama (59.11) and Miyake (53.82). In 1889, the Home Ministry recorded 1,375,937 people in Tokyo City and a total of 1,694,292 people in Tokyo-fu . In the same year, a total of 779 foreign nationals were recorded as residing in Tokyo. The most common nationality

63232-509: Was allowed to start their sumo career at makushita 15; those that won two of those titles in the same year could start at makushita 10. (See also sandanme tsukedashi .) Makuuchi ( 幕内 ) or maku-no-uchi ( 幕の内 ) 'Inside the curtain'. The top division in sumo. It is named for the curtained-off waiting area once reserved for professional wrestlers during basho , and comprises 42 wrestlers. Man'in onrei ( 満員御礼 ) 'Full house'. Banners are unfurled from

63488-415: Was based in Kyoto from 794 to 1868, so Edo was still not the capital of Japan. During the Edo period , the city enjoyed a prolonged period of peace known as the Pax Tokugawa , and in the presence of such peace, the shogunate adopted a stringent policy of seclusion, which helped to perpetuate the lack of any serious military threat to the city. The absence of war-inflicted devastation allowed Edo to devote

63744-430: Was completed in 2006. The MAOUDC is a 6.3 km (3.9 mi) long system of tunnels, 22 meters (72 ft) underground, with 70-meter (230 ft) tall cylindrical tanks, each tank being large enough to fit a space shuttle or the Statue of Liberty. During floods, excess water is collected from rivers and drained to the Edo River . Low-lying areas of Kōtō , Edogawa , Sumida , Katsushika , Taitō and Arakawa near

64000-435: Was held at the Ryōgoku Kokugikan in Tokyo on February 12. Over 122 teams with a total of 920 wrestlers were invited to compete. The event had been scaled down due to the COVID-19 pandemic , but returned to normal for the first time in three years. In addition to first to third-graders from all over Japan, children from seven countries (Mongolia, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Thailand, the US, Australia, and Ukraine ) also gathered. For

64256-414: Was held at the Ryōgoku Kokugikan in Tokyo on February, 1. Some 800 children from eight countries participated in the tournament. Among the participants, Kotomitsuki Keiji 's son participated. It was the first public appearance of Kotomitsuki since his dismissal by the Association . That year, the individual championship (junior high school) was won by Kawazoe Keita , who later joined Miyagino stable under

64512-424: Was not technically the first to touch outside the ring but is nonetheless ruled the loser due to his opponent having put him in an irrecoverable position. Shinjo ( 新序 ) A designation given to wrestlers who had performed well in maezumō that allowed them to participate in jonokuchi in the same tournament. Additionally, if they performed well at this stage, they were allowed to skip straight to

64768-435: Was produced by screenwriter Osamu Suzuki who also designed a prize that was set to be awarded to the most memorable wrestler. The prize, taking the shape of a championship belt , went to Kaishin Nakanishi (from Wakayama Sumo School), who finished second in the individual competition in the first-grade division. Among future sekitori , Rōga Tokiyoshi placed 8th in the individual junior high school division. The event

65024-494: Was recorded in 1999. Recorded with a white triangle. J [ edit ] Ja-no-me ( 蛇の目 ) 'Snake's eye'. The finely brushed sand around the ring that is used to determine if a wrestler has just touched his foot, or another part of his body, outside the ring. The yobidashi ensure this is clean of any previous marks immediately prior to each bout. Jōi-jin ( 上位陣 ) 'High rankers'. A term loosely used to describe wrestlers who would expect to face

65280-423: Was said to have been abandoned and in tatters when he moved there, and ruled the region from there. When he became shōgun , the de facto ruler of the country, in 1603, the whole country came to be ruled from Edo. While the Tokugawa shogunate ruled the country in practice, the Imperial House of Japan was still the de jure ruler, and the title of shōgun was granted by the Emperor as a formality. The Imperial House

65536-407: Was −9.2 °C (15.4 °F) on January 13, 1876. The record high was 39.5 °C (103.1 °F) on July 20, 2004. The record highest low temperature is 30.3 °C (86.5 °F), on August 12, 2013, making Tokyo one of only seven observation sites in Japan that have recorded a low temperature over 30 °C (86.0 °F). Annual rainfall averages nearly 1,600 millimeters (63.0 in), with

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