102-488: North Kosovo ( Serbian : Северно Косово , romanized : Severno Kosovo , Albanian : Kosova Veriore ); also known as the Ibar Kolašin (Serbian: Ибарски Колашин , romanized: Ibarski Kolašin , Albanian: Koloshini i Ibrit or Kollashini i Ibrit ); earlier Old Kolašin , (Serbian: Стари Колашин , romanized: Stari Kolašin , Albanian: Koloshini i Vjetër or Kollashini i Vjetër ),
204-711: A compromise was agreed in November 2002, whereby the city has one mayor. Serbs were active participants in the Kosovo Elections of 2013. The region united into a community, the Union of Serbian Districts and District Units of Kosovo and Metohija established in February 2008 by Serbian delegates meeting in Mitrovica, which has since served as North Kosovo's capital. The Union's President is Dragan Velić . This union
306-485: A form of protest against the ban on Serbian car plates by the Kosovo Government, leaving the north with effectively no active police force. The Kosovo government reacted by temporarily replacing the resignees with Albanian policemen, which resulted in protests by the local Serb population. The Kosovo Police responded by opening a call for applications for ethnic minorities to replace the resignees. The agency
408-574: A months-long transition period to ease in the new legislation. Smuggling of goods such as alcohol has become a business in North Kosovo where the customs regulations of the Kosovo authorities are unable to be enforced. The Kosovo customs authorities do, however, attempt to curtail the flow of illegal goods from North Kosovo into the rest of Kosovo and have an elaborate network of surveillance cameras in place in that regard. Smugglers transport goods over
510-588: A more moderate stance, speaking openly of rejoining the Assembly of Kosovo and taking part in its government. This line has proved highly controversial, as many Kosovo Serbs reject any compromise; in February 2004, Ivanović's car was destroyed by a bomb explosion outside his home in Mitrovica. The Government of Serbia , Serb List, the Government of Kosovo and the United Nations all officially oppose
612-436: Is Torlakian in southeastern Serbia, which is transitional to Macedonian and Bulgarian . Serbian is practically the only European standard language whose speakers are fully functionally digraphic , using both Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet was devised in 1814 by Serbian linguist Vuk Karadžić , who created it based on phonemic principles. The Latin alphabet used for Serbian ( latinica )
714-555: Is a region in the northern part of Kosovo , generally understood as a group of four municipalities with ethnic Kosovo Serbs majority: North Mitrovica , Leposavić , Zvečan and Zubin Potok . Prior to the 2013 Brussels Agreement , the region functioned independently from the institutions in Kosovo, as they refused to acknowledge and recognize the independence of Kosovo, declared in 2008. The Government of Kosovo opposed any kind of parallel government for Serbs in this region. However,
816-415: Is a highly-specialized unit, known for its military-style uniforms and discipline. The unit engages in hostage rescue, anti-terror operations, arresting of dangerous criminals, and fighting of criminal organizations throughout the territory of Kosovo. SIU was created in 2003. Initially, it consisted of two SWAT units consisting of 15 officers each, who were trained by two American contractors. In March 2005
918-610: Is a small specialized unit within the Department of Operations that engages in patrol, narcotics detection, and explosives detection. The unit reports to the central police command and it often coordinates its actions with the Border Police. The unit was established in November 2002. The first canine unit had seven officers. These officers completed their basic training in Great Britain and developed their skills under
1020-498: Is appointed by the director general. The only exception is in the north of Kosovo, where Kosovo Serbs form a local majority; there, since the 2013 Brussels Agreement , the regional director is appointed by the Interior Minister, after a joint proposal of candidates by the mayors of North Mitrovica , Zubin Potok , Zvečan and Leposavić . The forty police stations are headed by station commanders, who are also appointed by
1122-527: Is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian (more specifically on the dialects of Šumadija-Vojvodina and Eastern Herzegovina ), which is also the basis of standard Croatian , Bosnian , and Montenegrin varieties and therefore the Declaration on the Common Language of Croats, Bosniaks, Serbs, and Montenegrins was issued in 2017. The other dialect spoken by Serbs
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#17327880331081224-591: Is closer to the Kajkavian and Chakavian dialects of Serbo-Croatian ). Speakers by country: Serbian was the official language of Montenegro until October 2007, when the new Constitution of Montenegro replaced the Constitution of 1992. Amid opposition from pro-Serbian parties, Montenegrin was made the sole official language of the country, and Serbian was given the status of a language in official use along with Bosnian , Albanian , and Croatian . In
1326-403: Is estimated to cost about 12 million euros annually. The total amount of electricity consumed in the year 2021 in northern Kosovo is 372 GWh, that in terms of electric power consumption per capita is at 7,670 kWh, while the average for Kosovo is 3,185 kWh. This big differences accounts because of the illegal cryptomining in northern Kosovo. North Kosovo is rich in mineral resources, once known for
1428-582: Is headed by its director general, who is appointed by the prime minister . The director general serves a five-year term. He appoints the directors of each of the five departments of the police, as well as the directors of the eight regional directorates of the police. The agency consists of five departments: the Department of Operations, the Investigation Department, the Border Department, the Department of Support Services, and
1530-457: Is in place to enforce Serbian central directives which apply to the rest of Serbia. Before the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence , it had been speculated that Kosovo might be partitioned with North Kosovo remaining part of Serbia. The complexity of the region has been on the agenda of the 2011 Pristina–Belgrade Talks . In November 2012, Prime Minister of Kosovo Hashim Thaçi stated that autonomy for Northern Kosovo will never be granted, and
1632-670: Is not recognised by Kosovo or by UNMIK , which was abolished in 2013 as a result of the Brussels Agreement. There is also a central governing body, the Serbian National Council for Kosovo and Metohija (SNV). The President of the SNV in North Kosovo is Dr. Milan Ivanović, while the head of its Executive Council is Rada Trajković. Local politics are dominated by the Serbian List for Kosovo . The Serbian List
1734-503: Is not, strictly speaking, a "Serb enclave " or "Serb exclave ". Before the Kosovo War , the area was predominantly inhabited by Serbs, with a substantial Kosovo Albanians minority and smaller populations of Bosniaks and Roma . The 1991 census recorded 50,500 people in the municipalities of Leposavić, Zvečan and Zubin Potok, of whom the vast majority were Serbs, with a small number of Albanians, and other smaller minorities, though
1836-778: Is now home to approximately 22,500 Serbs and 7,000 members of other ethnic groups, is recognized since 2013 as a separate municipality by the Government of Kosovo. In 2018, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe estimated that the population of Leposavić, Zvečan, Zubin Potok and North Mitrovica stands at 48,500 inhabitants. Of these, around 42,500 (87%) are Serbs, 5,000 (10%) Albanians, 1,000 (3%) Bosniaks and others. These estimations indicate that more than 60% of all Kosovo's Serbs live in North Kosovo. A special bus service operates in parts of North Kosovo to facilitate
1938-529: Is one of the five departments of the agency, tasked with law enforcement, the combating of organized crime and corruption. The department is headed by the director of the Department of Investigations. Its specific tasks include the combating of organized crime and corruption, fighting violent extremism and terrorism, collecting evidence for courts, as well as cooperating with international agencies and exchanging information related to international criminal persons and groups. The department consists of three divisions:
2040-707: Is represented at the political level by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Public Administration of the Republic of Kosovo. After the end of the Kosovo War , policing in Kosovo was conducted by the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) and KFOR . According to the UN Security Council Resolution 1244 , UNMIK had a mandate to establish a new police force in Kosovo, and in
2142-589: Is responsible for the hiring and training of police officers. The department is made of two divisions: The Division of Personnel and Administration, and the Training Division. It additionally includes the Commission for Review of the Use of Force, which is responsible for management and administration of the cases of use of physical force by the police officers. The Division of Personnel and Administration
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#17327880331082244-530: Is shows that it was in accord with its time; for example, the Serbian Alexandride , a book about Alexander the Great , and a translation of Tristan and Iseult into Serbian. Although not belonging to the literature proper, the corpus of Serbian literacy in the 14th and 15th centuries contains numerous legal, commercial and administrative texts with marked presence of Serbian vernacular juxtaposed on
2346-404: Is tasked with identifying recruitment needs, recruitment and hiring of new police officers, monitoring of training programs, identification of the need for promotion in ranks, support of police officers in issues related to mental and physical health, the general welfare of all police officers, and the managing the central archive of the agency. The division consists of four directorates, which are
2448-645: Is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs . It is the official and national language of Serbia , one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina and co-official in Montenegro and Kosovo . It is a recognized minority language in Croatia , North Macedonia , Romania , Hungary , Slovakia , and the Czech Republic . Standard Serbian
2550-435: Is the only general historical dictionary of Serbo-Croatian. Its first editor was Đuro Daničić , followed by Pero Budmani and the famous Vukovian Tomislav Maretić . The sources of this dictionary are, especially in the first volumes, mainly Štokavian . There are older, pre-standard dictionaries, such as the 1791 German–Serbian dictionary or 15th century Arabic-Persian-Greek-Serbian Conversation Textbook . The standard and
2652-849: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Serbian, written in the Cyrillic script : Сва људска бића рађају се слободна и једнака у достојанству и правима. Она су обдарена разумом и свешћу и треба једни према другима да поступају у духу братства. Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Serbian, written in the Latin alphabet : Sva ljudska bića rađaju se slobodna i jednaka u dostojanstvu i pravima. Ona su obdarena razumom i svešću i treba jedni prema drugima da postupaju u duhu bratstva. Article 1 of
2754-533: The Football First League of North Kosovo was primarily formed of Serbian clubs from four of North Kosovo's municipalities. Now the clubs like Trepča or FK Mokra Gora do not play anymore in North Kosovo but in Raška or Novi Pazar which was accepted by Zoran Gajić , the Serbian minister of sports. Serbian language Serbian ( српски / srpski , pronounced [sr̩̂pskiː] )
2856-679: The Government of Serbia . The assembly was composed by 45 representatives. The North Kosovo Serbs had taken a consistently hard line, refusing to cooperate with the government in Pristina or to take up their seats in the Assembly of Kosovo . Their stance was encouraged by the Serbian government of Vojislav Koštunica and they remained in control of this area with their own structures. Serb List ( Serbian : Српска листа , romanized : Srpska lista ) leader Oliver Ivanović and other Kosovo Serb leaders had expressed increasing frustration at Belgrade's approach and have voiced their support for
2958-655: The Government of the Republic of Kosovo and was renamed the Kosovo Police (KP; Albanian : Policia e Kosovës ). The Kosovo Police is overseen by Kosovo's Ministry of the Interior and its mandate is regulated by the Constitution and the law on police. The Kosovo Police has grown steadily since 1999, and in 2004 reached its planned full size of nearly 7,000 officers. As of 2018, it had around 8,721 employees, with roughly 8,000 of them being police officers, and
3060-662: The Kosovo Force (KFOR) and the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo (EULEX). In early 2013, the Prime Minister of Serbia Ivica Dačić encouraged all Serbs to participate in Kosovo elections. The vast majority of Serbs turned out in large numbers to participate in elections held by the Kosovo government with symbols of the Republic of Kosovo Central Elections Commission on the ballot. With
3162-670: The Kosovo Serbs are in the south of Kosovo. In 2011, former President of Kosovo Behgjet Pacolli crossed into the Northern part of Mitrovica . It marked the first time that a high ranking Republic of Kosovo official visited Northern Kosovo. Such a symbolic gesture was accompanied by a heavy security presence. On 25 July 2011, Kosovo Police crossed into the Serb-controlled municipalities to control several administrative border crossings, without consulting either Serbia,
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3264-631: The Proto-Slavic language . There are many loanwords from different languages, reflecting cultural interaction throughout history. Notable loanwords were borrowed from Greek, Latin, Italian, Turkish, Hungarian, English, Russian, German, Czech and French. Serbian literature emerged in the Middle Ages , and included such works as Miroslavljevo jevanđelje ( Miroslav's Gospel ) in 1186 and Dušanov zakonik ( Dušan's Code ) in 1349. Little secular medieval literature has been preserved, but what there
3366-552: The Serbs in North Kosovo. After a Kosovo announcement that Serbian citizens who enter Kosovo will receive entry and exit documents, a number of barricades were created in North Kosovo, but were removed after the postponing of the ban. In August 2022, unsuccessful negotiations regarding license plates were held, although the ID document dispute was solved. Serbia later submitted a request to KFOR to deploy 1,000 Serbian troops to Kosovo, which
3468-577: The Trepča mining complex . In the northern part of the region north Kosovo, there is a ridge of the mountain Kopaonik , with the peak of Šatorica , 1,770 metres (5,810 ft), above of the town Leposavić . The southern boundary is the river Ibar , which divides the towns of Mitrovica and North Mitrovica. On the west by Zubin Potok , the mountain ranges of Rogozna and Mokra Gora with the peak of Berim , 1,731 metres (5,679 ft), which separates one from
3570-546: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in English: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. Kosovo Police The Kosovo Police is the national policing law enforcement agency of Kosovo . It was established in 1999 and took its current form with the 2008 police law. It consists of five departments and eight regional directorates and
3672-457: The official script of Serbia's administration by the 2006 Constitution . The Latin script continues to be used in official contexts, although the government has indicated its desire to phase out this practice due to national sentiment. The Ministry of Culture believes that Cyrillic is the "identity script" of the Serbian nation. However, the law does not regulate scripts in standard language , or standard language itself by any means, leaving
3774-602: The prosecutor 's office in the course of post-blast investigations, bomb threats, and during the arrest of persons who possess illegal explosive devices. The unit was established in 2006. The Close Protection Unit within the Kosovo Police was established in December 1999. After the declaration of Kosovo's independence in 2008, the unit's functions were expanded significantly. As a result, the Directorate for Securing of Objects with Special Importance and Personalities (DSOSIP)
3876-488: The 2023 Montenegrin census, 43.18% declared Serbian to be their native language, while Montenegrin was declared by 34.52% of the population. Standard Serbian language uses both Cyrillic ( ћирилица , ćirilica ) and Latin script ( latinica , латиница ). Serbian is a rare example of synchronic digraphia , a situation where all literate members of a society have two interchangeable writing systems available to them. Media and publishers typically select one alphabet or
3978-767: The Crime Investigation Division, the Division Against Organized Crime, and the Anticorruption Task Force. The Crime Investigation Division is one of the divisions of the Department of Investigations that covers all issues related to crime. It consists of five directorates: the Directorate for Investigation of Serious Crimes, the Directorate for Investigation of Economic Crime and Corruption, the Directorate Against Terrorism,
4080-481: The Department of Investigations that treats cases of misuse of public office. It is an investigative division that directly assists the Special Prosecution of the Republic of Kosovo on crimes of financial character and corruption. The Border Department is responsible for controlling and surveying the borders of the Republic of Kosovo. The department is headed by the director of the Border Department. At
4182-482: The Directorate for Intelligence and Analysis, and the Directorate for Forensics. The five directorates deal with the investigation of criminal offences against the life and property of other persons, the finding of traces at crime scenes, damage to the environment, offences against the law and the constitutional order of Kosovo, war crimes, collection of intelligence, prevention of terrorist acts by disabling terrorist organizations, and cooperation with other departments of
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4284-497: The Directorate for Training Support, the Directorate for Mandatory Training, and the Directorate for Specialized and Advanced Training. The Police Inspectorate of Kosovo is an institution that supervises the operations of Kosovo Police and seeks to provide an accountable, democratic, and transparent police service, in accordance with the law and other required standards. It investigates criminal offences conducted by police officers, as well as violations of operating standards and laws by
4386-409: The Directorate of Personnel, the Directorate for Development of Performance and Career, the Directorate for Internal Services, and the Directorate for Health Services. The Training Division is responsible for the creation of curriculum for training programs according to the needs of the agency, the development of contemporary teaching methods, and cooperation with police academies abroad. It consists of
4488-527: The Government of Kosovo decided to reciprocally ban Serbian license plates . Owning a Serbian license plate meant that those individuals would have had to switch for Kosovar license plates at a government vehicle registration center. Kosovar vehicle registration centers in Zvečan and Zubin Potok were targeted by arsonists . Relations with both states during protests worsened as the Serbian Military
4590-769: The Human Resources Department. The Department of Operations is the main department of the Kosovo Police and employs the bulk of its members. It is headed by the director of the Department of Operations and consists of three divisions: The Division of Public Safety, the Road Traffic Division, and the Specialized Units Division. The first two form the backbone of the Kosovo Police and deal with issues such as general policing operations, prevention of petty crime, community policing, and road safety. The specialized units support
4692-566: The K-9 Unit, the Unit for Treatment of Explosives, and the Directorate for Securing of Objects with Special Importance and Personalities. Specialized units conduct tasks such as close protection for Kosovo leaders, diplomats, and other VIPs, antiterrorist operations, detainment of high-risk persons, as well as crowd control and assisting other police departments and units. The Special Operations Unit (SOU; Albanian : Njësia Speciale Operative ) of
4794-652: The Kosovar government banned the use of the Serbian dinar as a payment in Kosovo and North Kosovo. The move was criticized by the U.S. and E.U. since the Serb minority relies on financial assistance and social benefit payments from the government of Serbia. North Kosovo consists of four municipalities, Leposavić , Zvečan , Zubin Potok and North Mitrovica . It covers 1,007 km (389 sq. mi.), or 9.97% of Kosovo's land area. Owing to its border with Serbia proper, North Kosovo
4896-533: The Kosovo Police is the largest specialized unit of the agency and it conducts special operations in the whole territory of Kosovo, as needed. The SOU is responsible for maintaining public order in gatherings and protests, controlling riots, arresting high-risk criminals, as well as fighting criminal organizations in the whole territory of Kosovo. SOU has its origins in the Regional Street Crimes Unit (RSCU). The first RSCU in Kosovo operated in
4998-587: The Kosovo legal framework. Political wrangling over Kosovo's status between its government and Serbia has resulted in Kosovan authorities not allowing the formation of the Community. However differences remain and North Kosovo remains under de facto Serbian rule. Following Kosovo's declaration of independence in 2008, Serbs put together the Community of Serb Municipalities , elected on 11 May and called by
5100-881: The Latin alphabet whereas 36% favors the Cyrillic one. Latin script has become more and more popular in Serbia, as it is easier to input on phones and computers. The sort order of the ćirilica ( ћирилица ) alphabet: The sort order of the latinica ( латиница ) alphabet: Serbian is a highly inflected language , with grammatical morphology for nouns, pronouns and adjectives as well as verbs. Serbian nouns are classified into three declensional types, denoted largely by their nominative case endings as "-a" type, "-i" and "-e" type. Into each of these declensional types may fall nouns of any of three genders : masculine, feminine or neuter. Each noun may be inflected to represent
5202-410: The Latin script predominates, although both scripts are commonly seen. The Serbian government has encouraged increasing the use of Cyrillic in these contexts. Larger signs, especially those put up by the government, will often feature both alphabets; if the sign has English on it, then usually only Cyrillic is used for the Serbian text. A survey from 2014 showed that 47% of the Serbian population favors
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#17327880331085304-450: The Latin script tends to imply a cosmopolitan or neutral attitude, while Cyrillic appeals to a more traditional or vintage sensibility. In media, the public broadcaster, Radio Television of Serbia , predominantly uses the Cyrillic script whereas the privately run broadcasters, like RTV Pink , predominantly use the Latin script. Newspapers can be found in both scripts. In the public sphere, with logos, outdoor signage and retail packaging,
5406-495: The Pristina region in early 2002 and was based in Kosovo Polje . It was created and led by CIVPOL Chief Angel G.Queipo (Florida, United States), and Deputy Chief Jim Renfrow (Arkansas, United States), who trained the unit to undertake undercover operations, narcotics interdiction, medium-risk arrest warrants, and public disorder management. CIVPOL Chief Jim Renfrow led the unit until the end of his CIVPOL mission in late 2003 and
5508-661: The Regional Border Directorate "East", which manages two border crossings with Serbia and two with North Macedonia. The Border Department strives to ensure the free movement of people, goods, and services, and to prevent cross-border crime. It cooperates with other departments of the agency and with international agencies and institutions. It makes risk assessments and its work mainly consists of observing and monitoring border crossings, and reacting when needed. Kosovo has common border-crossing points with Albania and North Macedonia, meaning that citizens crossing
5610-505: The SWAT teams were formalized via the launch of the "Special Intervention Group/SIG" ( Albanian : Grupi Special i Intervenimit /GSI) project. In the first new recruitment batch, only 18 trainees were selected among hundreds of applicants. SIG was equipped, coached, and trained by a team of UNMIK professional specialised instructors from France, Egypt, Germany, Bulgaria, the US, and Denmark. The unit
5712-549: The Statistical Office of Kosovo regards the accuracy of this census as "questionable" given that most Albanians boycotted it. The population of the Mitrovica municipality was predominantly Albanian , with the town itself and two of the nearby villages being ethnically mixed. Mitrovica was split between Serbs and Albanians at the end of the war, with the Ibar River marking the dividing line. North Mitrovica, which
5814-482: The Unit for Securing of objects of Cultural and Religious Heritage. The units of the directorate provide personal protection to the president, prime minister, speaker of assembly, government buildings, embassies based in Kosovo, as well as objects of cultural or religious importance. The Close Protection Unit also undertakes tactical operations, escorting delegations, and evacuations of both international staff and Kosovo Police officers. The Department of Investigations
5916-499: The agency and other agencies in Kosovo and abroad. The Division Against Organized Crime is part of the Department of Investigations and consists of four directorates: the Directorate for the Investigation of Organized Crime, the Directorate for the Investigation of Trafficking with Narcotics, the Directorate for the Investigation of Trafficking with Human Beings, and the Directorate for Investigation Support. The main tasks of
6018-420: The beginning of the 13th century, the entire official correspondence of Dubrovnik with states in the hinterland was conducted in Serbian. In the mid-15th century, Serbia was conquered by the Ottoman Empire and for the next 400 years there was no opportunity for the creation of secular written literature. However, some of the greatest literary works in Serbian come from this time, in the form of oral literature,
6120-414: The border are only legitimized once. The Border Department is also responsible for legitimizing travelers at the Pristina International Airport . The Department of Support Services is one of the five departments of the agency. It is headed by the director of Support Services. The Human Resources Department is the fifth department of the agency. Headed by the director of the Human Resources Department, it
6222-439: The choice of script as a matter of personal preference and to the free will in all aspects of life (publishing, media, trade and commerce, etc.), except in government paperwork production and in official written communication with state officials, which have to be in Cyrillic. Traffic signs and directional signs, and place names, on main or international roads are to be written with both Cyrillic and Latin script To most Serbians,
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#17327880331086324-403: The community to build trust, deal with issues related to violence among minors and domestic violence, and are usually the first responders to crime scenes. The Road Traffic Division is responsible for general traffic safety. They conduct patrols and attempt to prevent road accidents by enforcing the traffic laws, escort the transportation of hazardous materials, monitor the highways, and they are
6426-433: The director general. The eight regional directorates are: RD Pristina, RD Gjilan, RD Ferizaj, RD Prizren, RD Gjakova, RD Peja, RD Mitrovica-South and RD Mitrovica-North. The main duties of the Division of Public Safety involve the planning and execution of operations related to general public safety. They conduct patrols, provide security in sports and other cultural events, compile standard operational procedures, engage with
6528-399: The division are related to the prevention and combating of offences related to organized crime, intimidation of witnesses, smuggling of migrants, smuggling of weapons, piracy, kidnappings, cyber-crimes, unauthorized distribution of confidential information, distribution of narcotics, trafficking of human organs, and human trafficking. The Anticorruption Task force is a specialized division of
6630-461: The early 19th century, Vuk Stefanović Karadžić promoted the spoken language of the people as a literary norm. The dialects of Serbo-Croatian , regarded Serbian (traditionally spoken in Serbia), include: Vuk Karadžić 's Srpski rječnik , first published in 1818, is the earliest dictionary of modern literary Serbian. The Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika (I–XXIII), published by the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts from 1880 to 1976,
6732-415: The first cadets, establishing a training regime based on Western standards. KPS was subordinated to UNMIK and the UNMIK police commissioner retained command authority over both the international police and KPS. Its name was chosen by the first international police commissioner in Kosovo , Sven Frederiksen. In February 2008, after Kosovo declared its independence, the force became a governmental agency of
6834-426: The first responders in case of traffic accidents. They additionally inspect the road infrastructure and make recommendations to the local and national authorities with regards to improvements that would reduce the possibility of accidents. The Division of Specialized Units is the third division of the Department of Operations of the Kosovo Police. It includes the Special Operations Unit, the Special Interventions Unit,
6936-416: The institution as a whole. The inspectorate can take action against any member of the Kosovo Police, including the higher executives. The inspectorate is headed by its chief executive officer, who is appointed by, and accountable to, the Minister of Interior of Kosovo. In November 2018 Kosovo's application to join Interpol received only 68 votes in favor, 51 against, and 16 countries abstained, even though
7038-426: The major 'levels' of language shows that BCS is clearly a single language with a single grammatical system." It has lower intelligibility with the Eastern South Slavic languages Bulgarian and Macedonian , than with Slovene (Slovene is part of the Western South Slavic subgroup, but there are still significant differences in vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation to the standardized forms of Serbo-Croatian, although it
7140-431: The matrix of Serbian Church Slavonic . By the beginning of the 14th century the Serbo-Croatian language, which was so rigorously proscribed by earlier local laws, becomes the dominant language of the Republic of Ragusa . However, despite her wealthy citizens speaking the Serbo-Croatian dialect of Dubrovnik in their family circles, they sent their children to Florentine schools to become perfectly fluent in Italian. Since
7242-413: The meantime, to maintain civil law and order. The predecessor of the Kosovo Police, the Kosovo Police Service (KPS; Albanian : Shërbimi Policor i Kosovës ) was established on 6 September 1999, with the admission of the first 176 cadets of the KPS into the Police School of Vushtrria. The school was renovated by the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), which additionally trained
7344-579: The monitoring of international instructors. The Unit for Treatment of Explosives is part of the Department of Operations and responds to calls from all 8 of Kosovo's Regional Police Directorates. The unit specializes in responding to cases of bomb threats, the threat by chemical and biological weapons, disposing of bombs, investigating post-blast scenes, conducting searches in high-risk facilities, compiling expert reports for courts, as well as assisting other specialized units in their operations. The unit additionally closely cooperates with investigation units and
7446-407: The most notable form being epic poetry . The epic poems were mainly written down in the 19th century, and preserved in oral tradition up to the 1950s, a few centuries or even a millennium longer than by most other "epic folks". Goethe and Jacob Grimm learned Serbian in order to read Serbian epic poetry in the original. By the end of the 18th century, the written literature had become estranged from
7548-400: The movement of non-Serb residents around the territory. The bus operates with an accompanying security presence to ensure the safety of the passengers and permits those residents to more safely enter and leave the North Kosovo area. The region suffers from high unemployment. The economic situation has deteriorated significantly in recent years due to a lack of capital investment, exacerbated by
7650-527: The national level, it consists of the Division for Controlling and Surveillance of the Borders, and the Division for Integrated Border Management. At the local level, it additionally includes the Regional Border Directorate "West", which is responsible for four border crossings with Albania and three with Montenegro; the Regional Border Directorate "North", which supervises four border crossings with Serbia; and
7752-415: The noun they modify, but must agree in number, gender and case with the modified noun. Serbian verbs are conjugated in four past forms— perfect , aorist , imperfect , and pluperfect —of which the last two have a very limited use (imperfect is still used in some dialects, but the majority of native Serbian speakers consider it archaic), one future tense (also known as the first future tense, as opposed to
7854-517: The noun's grammatical case , of which Serbian has seven: Nouns are further inflected to represent the noun's number , singular or plural. Pronouns, when used, are inflected along the same case and number morphology as nouns. Serbian is a pro-drop language , meaning that pronouns may be omitted from a sentence when their meaning is easily inferred from the text. In cases where pronouns may be dropped, they may also be used to add emphasis. For example: Adjectives in Serbian may be placed before or after
7956-682: The only completed etymological dictionary of Serbian is the " Skok ", written by the Croatian linguist Petar Skok : Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika ("Etymological Dictionary of Croatian or Serbian"). I-IV. Zagreb 1971–1974. There is also a new monumental Etimološki rečnik srpskog jezika (Etymological Dictionary of Serbian). So far, two volumes have been published: I (with words on A-), and II (Ba-Bd). There are specialized etymological dictionaries for German, Italian, Croatian, Turkish, Greek, Hungarian, Russian, English and other loanwords (cf. chapter word origin ). Article 1 of
8058-607: The other lake Gazivode . Since 1999, the institutions of the Serb-majority North Kosovo have been de facto governed by Serbia. It used Serbian national symbols and participated in Serbian national elections, which are boycotted in the rest of Kosovo; and in turn, it boycotted Kosovo's elections. The municipalities of Leposavić , Zvečan and Zubin Potok are run by local Serbs, while the Mitrovica municipality had rival Serb and Albanian governments until
8160-452: The other two divisions, and they additionally engage in close-protection to VIPs and diplomats, protection of objects with special importance, anti-terrorism operations, and riot control. The Division of Public Safety is part of the Department of Operations and consists of eight regional directorates of the Police and 40 police stations. The regional directorates are headed by a director, who
8262-400: The other. In general, the alphabets are used interchangeably; except in the legal sphere, where Cyrillic is required, there is no context where one alphabet or another predominates. Although Serbian language authorities have recognized the official status of both scripts in contemporary Standard Serbian for more than half of a century now, due to historical reasons, the Cyrillic script was made
8364-407: The parallel structures were all abolished by the Brussels Agreement, signed between the governments of Kosovo and Serbia . Both governments agreed upon creating a Community of Serb Municipalities . The association was expected to be officially formed in 2016. According to the agreement, its assembly will have no legislative authority and the judicial authorities will be integrated and operate within
8466-595: The partition of Kosovo, with Serbia getting North Kosovo, is the best solution. President of Serbia Aleksandar Vučić said on August 9 that he is for the division of Kosovo. The same could be heard from Minister of Foreign Affairs Ivica Dačić and Defense Minister Aleksandar Vulin . Some Albanian politicians stated that the exchange of territories may be the solution of the Serbia-Kosovo dispute (with Serbia annexing North Kosovo and Kosovo annexing Preševo Valley ), although many others rejected this proposal. In 2021,
8568-402: The porous frontier between Central Serbia and North Kosovo. The Serb-majority population refuse to recognize Kosovo as an independent state and have consequently not paid for electricity for more than two decades, since the Kosovo War . As a result, the energy-intensive industry of cryptomining , especially of Bitcoin , is especially profitable, even though it is banned. The electricity used
8670-468: The region will always remain a part of the Republic of Kosovo . Law enforcement and green border checkpoints are carried out by KFOR, EULEX and Kosovo Police. According to an International Crisis Group report, covert agents of Serbian police also operate in the area. North Mitrovica in particular remains a hot spot for organized crime. Due to Serbian refusal of Kosovo institutions, Serbs in this part of Kosovo acted independently in sport. For example,
8772-439: The remainder either civilian staff or police cadets. The police aims to represent the ethnic representation of the population it serves, with ethnic minorities ( Serbs , Bosniaks , Roma , Turks , and Gorani ) making up about 10% of its membership, with the remaining 90% being ethnic Albanians . In November 2022, during the 2022–2023 North Kosovo crisis , around 300 Serb policemen in the north of Kosovo resigned en masse as
8874-413: The second conditional (without use in the spoken language—it should be used for impossible conditional clauses). Serbian has active and passive voice . As for the non-finite verb forms, Serbian has one infinitive , two adjectival participles (the active and the passive), and two adverbial participles (the present and the past). Most Serbian words are of native Slavic lexical stock, tracing back to
8976-433: The second future tense or the future exact, which is considered a tense of the conditional mood by some contemporary linguists), and one present tense . These are the tenses of the indicative mood. Apart from the indicative mood, there is also the imperative mood . The conditional mood has two more tenses: the first conditional (commonly used in conditional clauses, both for possible and impossible conditional clauses) and
9078-453: The separation of North Kosovo. However, many Serbs in the region were adamantly opposed to living under the rule of an Albanian-majority provincial government and rejected an independent Kosovo. Ivanović has spoken out against partition , pointing out that more than 60,000 (50%) of the Serb population of Kosovo lives south of the Ibar , and that all of the important cultural and economic assets of
9180-592: The signatory of the Brussels Agreement in April 2013, Serbia officially dropped its support for the assembly and the parallel structures in Northern Kosovo. Both governments, of Kosovo and Serbia agreed upon creating the Community of Serb Municipalities . According to the agreement: As the final stage of dialogue between Serbia and Kosovo was near, various officials from Serbia have stated that
9282-466: The spoken language. In the second half of the 18th century, the new language appeared, called Slavonic-Serbian . This artificial idiom superseded the works of poets and historians like Gavrilo Stefanović Venclović , who wrote in essentially modern Serbian in the 1720s. These vernacular compositions have remained cloistered from the general public and received due attention only with the advent of modern literary historians and writers like Milorad Pavić . In
9384-486: The uncertainty caused by the political dispute over the region's future. The region has used the Serbian dinar rather than the euro . However, in February 2024, the Kosovar government banned the use of the dinar for payment, requiring all regions to use the euro. Kosovo PM Kurti later clarified that the currency was not banned but that the Euro would be the only legal currency for commercial transactions and that there would be
9486-576: The village of Banjska before barricading themselves inside the Banjska monastery . Kosovo forces later recaptured the village and monastery, seizing multiple arsenals of weapons along with drones, APC's and ATV's. The incident resulted in the death of a Kosovo police officer and three of the militants. An agreement was reached with Serbia and Kosovo, stating that Serbia would implement the 2011 agreement on license plates which would recognize Kosovo license plates starting on 1 January 2024. In February 2024,
9588-558: Was declined. In April 2023, Serbs boycotted the local elections , which led to ethnic Albanian mayors elected in all four North Kosovo municipalities. In May, Kosovo police took control of the North Kosovo municipal buildings by force to install the elected mayors, resulting in protests and clashes. Kosovo later banned all Serbian vehicle license plates from entering its territory and imports from Serbia after 3 police officers were arrested. On 24 September 2023, approximately 30 Serb militants led by Milan Radoičić , attacked Kosovo police in
9690-571: Was designed by the Croatian linguist Ljudevit Gaj in the 1830s based on the Czech system with a one-to-one grapheme-phoneme correlation between the Cyrillic and Latin orthographies, resulting in a parallel system. Serbian is a standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian , a Slavic language ( Indo-European ), of the South Slavic subgroup. Other standardized forms of Serbo-Croatian are Bosnian , Croatian , and Montenegrin . "An examination of all
9792-539: Was established and the Close Protection Unit became a part of it. Today, the Directorate for Securing of Objects with Special Importance and Personalities consists of the Security Unit of Presidency-Assembly-Government, the Close Protection Unit, the Unit for Securing of Ministerial and Presidential Objects, the Unit for Securing of Police Objects, the Unit for Securing of Diplomatic Objects, and
9894-464: Was generally recognised as the legal authority over Kosovo as a whole until the 1998–1999 Kosovo War. However, despite the region being contiguous with Central Serbia, its location within Kosovo and the subsequent conditions of the Kumanovo Treaty in 1999 mean that UNMIK officials have freedom of movement in North Kosovo whereby they assume supervisory status whilst no institution (e.g. police)
9996-480: Was led by Oliver Ivanović , an engineer from Mitrovica. North Kosovo is by far the largest of the Serb-dominated areas within Kosovo , and unlike the others, directly borders Central Serbia . This had facilitated its ability to govern itself almost completely independently of the Kosovo institutions in a de facto state of partition ; the authorities in turn chose to observe Belgrade 's direct rule, which
10098-699: Was placed in each of the then-seven regional directorates of Kosovo. The idea was to operate each unit as a separate "troop" with a commander reporting to the mission commander similar to how the State Police operate in the United States. After Kosovo's declaration of independence, the ROSU units were centralized and the Special Operations Unit was established. The Special Intervention Unit (SIU; Albanian : Njësia Speciale Intervenuese )
10200-446: Was put on heightened alert . On 30 September, an agreement was reached to end the license plate ban, taking effect on 4 October, which led to Kosovar license plates in Serbia and Serbian license plates in Kosovo now have their national symbols and country codes covered with a temporary sticker . The expiration of the eleven-year validity period of documents for cars on 1 August 2022 reignited tensions between Government of Kosovo and
10302-711: Was reformed in September 2006 and by April 2007 it was renamed to the First Intervention Team (FIT). After Kosovo's declaration of independence, the unit was renamed the Special Intervention Unit (SIU). SIU was involved in the Banjska attack on 24 September 2023, in which its troops neutralized an armed group that had earlier murdered a sergeant of the Public Safety Division during a patrol. The K-9 (canine) unit
10404-573: Was then replaced by Peter Willig from Germany. RSCU was commanded by the Pristina Regional Commander from UNMIK, Superintendent Paul Hamlin (Northern Ireland). Later, due to the successes of that unit and the expansion of responsibilities to include the provision of close protection to important people, the name was changed to the Regional Operational Support Units (ROSU), and a separate ROSU unit
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