The Kannō disturbance or Kannō incident ( 観応擾乱 , Kannō Jōran ) , also called Kannō no juran , was a civil war which developed from antagonisms between shōgun Ashikaga Takauji and his brother, Ashikaga Tadayoshi , thus dividing and weakening the early Ashikaga shogunate . These events are labeled Kannō after the Japanese era or nengō which was proclaimed by the Northern Court during the years 1350 through 1351 in the Nanboku-chō period of Japanese history. One of the main effects of the Disturbance was the re-invigoration of the Southern Court 's war effort due to the flow of renegades from Kyoto who followed Tadayoshi to the Southern capital of Yoshino , near Nara .
17-526: Takauji was nominally shōgun but, having proved not to be up to the task of ruling the country, for more than ten years Tadayoshi governed in his stead. The relationship between the two brothers was however destined to be destroyed by an extremely serious episode called the Kannō Incident, an event which takes its name from the Kannō era (1350–1351) during which it took place and which had grave consequences for
34-467: A reward for battlefield heroics, and he divided the shōen estates, giving half of them to his vassals in fief or as stewardships . Tadayoshi strenuously contested these policies through the drafting of the Kemmu Formulary that opposed the appointment of shugo as a reward for battlefield service. He also opposed any sort of outright division of estate lands in his capacity as the leader of
51-531: The Board of Coadjutors. There was therefore a clear division between the policies of Takauji and his brother Tadayoshi. Conflict can thus be said to have emerged as a result of having two heads of state whose policies contradicted each other. The events which followed the incident testify to the extent to which the regime began to lose its support. Deep divisions between members of the Ashikaga family strengthened
68-575: The Kō brothers, Moronao and Moroyasu backed by Takauji. The conflict can be pinpointed to differences in opinion regarding the estate system and, behind these differing opinions, to the different bureaucracies controlled by Takauji and Tadayoshi. On the whole Takauji was the innovator, while Tadayoshi played the conservative, wanting to preserve the policies of the past. In his capacity as a military leader of vassal bands, Takauji did two things that conflicted with Tadayoshi: he appointed vassals to shugo posts as
85-717: The early Muromachi shogunate as a whole. Kann%C5%8D Kannō ( 観応 ) , also sometimes romanized as Kan'ō , was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō , lit. year name) of the Northern Court during the Era of Northern and Southern Courts after Jōwa and before Bunna . This period spanned the years from February 1350 through September 1352. The emperor in Kyoto was Emperor Sukō ( 崇光天皇 , Sukō-tennō ) . Go-Kōgon's Southern Court rival in Yoshino during this time-frame
102-453: The entire country. Trouble between the two started when Takauji made Kō no Moronao his shitsuji , or deputy. Tadayoshi did not like Moronao and his policies so (at least according to the Taiheiki ), after every effort to get rid of him failed, he tried to have him assassinated. Tadayoshi in 1349 was forced by Moronao to leave the government, shave his head and become a Buddhist monk with
119-603: The incident, the bureaucratic organs of the early regime were under the separate jurisdiction of the Ashikaga brothers Takauji and Tadayoshi, creating a bifurcated administration. Takauji was the leader of the house vassals, and thus controlled the Board of Retainers (the Samurai-dokoro ) and the Office of Rewards (the Onshō-kata ), while Tadayoshi was the bureaucratic leader controlling the Board of Inquiry's administration of
136-695: The main effects of the Disturbance was the re-invigoration of the war effort of the Southern Court. To a large extent its renewed offensive was made possible by turncoats from the Muromachi regime. The imperialist offensive of 1352 directed against Takauji in Kamakura was made possible by the vast numbers of former adherents of Tadayoshi who became supporters of the imperialist leader Nitta Yoshimune . The imperialist offensive against Kyoto in 1353
153-726: The militarily superior pretender-Emperors supported by the Ashikaga shogunate had been mistakenly incorporated in Imperial chronologies despite the undisputed fact that the Imperial Regalia were not in their possession. This illegitimate Northern Court ( 北朝 , hokuchō ) had been established in Kyoto by Ashikaga Takauji . In this time frame, Shōhei (1346–1370) was the Southern Court equivalent nengō. Nitta Yoshimune Nitta Yoshimune ( 新田 義宗 , 1335 – 1368)
170-546: The name Keishin under the guidance of Zen master, poet, and old associate Musō Soseki . In 1350 he rebelled and joined his brother's enemies, the supporters of the Southern court , whose Emperor Go-Murakami appointed him general of all his troops. In 1351 he defeated Takauji, occupied Kyoto , and entered Kamakura . During the same year he captured and executed the Kō brothers, Moronao and Moroyasu , at Mikage ( Settsu province ). The following year his fortunes turned and he
187-462: The new regime were recruited from the ranks of those who served the Hōjō regime before its fall. They were valuable because they knew how to read and write, a task beyond the reach of most warriors. In the 1350s, the Kannō Incident and its aftermath divided and nearly destroyed the early regime. On the surface the incident looks like a factional struggle pitting Ashikaga Tadayoshi, Takauji's brother, against
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#1732775393060204-399: The opposition. Both of the pillars of the Muromachi regime, Tadayoshi and Takauji, enacted token submissions to the Southern Court to push their own agendas: Tadayoshi in his desire to destroy the Kō brothers, and Takauji in his desire to defeat Tadayoshi. Ironically, even though the Southern Court was the enemy, it was used as the justification by regime members to attack each other. One of
221-633: The regime's judicial functions. The Board of Retainers was used as a disciplinary organ towards house vassals; brigandage and other crimes were prosecuted. The Office of Rewards was used to hear the claims of and to give fiefs to deserving vassals. The Office of Rewards was used to enroll new warriors who were potential adversaries of the regime. The major judicial organ, the Board of Coadjutors, decided on all land dispute cases and quarrels involving inheritance. All judicial functions are par excellence used to resolve conflicts and disputes legally, within an institutional framework. Bureaucrats ( bugyōnin ) for
238-567: Was Emperor Go-Murakami ( 後村上天皇 , Go-Murakami-tennō ) . During the Meiji period , an Imperial decree dated March 3, 1911 established that the legitimate reigning monarchs of this period were the direct descendants of Emperor Go-Daigo through Emperor Go-Murakami, whose Southern Court ( 南朝 , nanchō ) had been established in exile in Yoshino , near Nara. Until the end of the Edo period ,
255-495: Was defeated by Takauji at Sattayama. A reconciliation between the brothers proved to be brief. Tadayoshi fled to Kamakura, but Takauji pursued him there with an army. In March 1352, shortly after an ostensible second reconciliation, Tadayoshi died suddenly, according to the Taiheiki by poisoning. The extremely divisive Kannō Incident that divided the Muromachi regime put a temporary hold on the new shogunate's integration. Before
272-492: Was made possible through the defection of the shugo lord Yamana Tokiuji . Tadayoshi's adopted son Ashikaga Tadafuyu is an outstanding example of defection: he became the leader of the western armies of the Southern Court during the imperialist offensives against Kyoto in 1353 and 1354. The end of the Disturbance on the other hand eliminated the sharing of power between the two Ashikaga brothers putting it all into Takauji's hands, strengthening his position and ultimately that of
289-542: Was the third son of Nitta Yoshisada , and a commander of loyalist (Imperial) forces during the Nanbokuchō Wars . In April 1352, Yoshimune led a force from Echigo Province to contribute to the loyalist efforts to drive the Shōgun, Ashikaga Takauji , from Kamakura. He defeated Takauji in a number of short engagements, but was eventually driven back to a place called Kotesashi-hara , and then to Echigo. This article about
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