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89-579: Vršac Castle was declared a Monument of Culture of Great Importance in 1991, and is protected by the Republic of Serbia . There are two theories about the origin of this fortress. According to the Turkish traveler, Evliya Çelebi , the fortress was built by the Serbian despot Đurađ Branković . Historians consider that Branković built the fortress after the fall of Smederevo in 1439. In its construction

178-575: A merchant and benefactor). The "Kolarac" was a regular meeting place of young officers and here, headed by Dragutin Dimitrijević Apis , they plotted the 1903 May Coup , which ended with the deaths of king Alexander Obrenović and queen Draga and termination of the Obrenović dynasty . As the building was also location of the Association of Writers of Serbia , the first book fair in the city

267-429: A possibility of yet another architectural design competition . In January 2018 it was again announced by the city that the mall will be demolished to make room for an opera and ballet house. It was disclosed that the demolition will start in the summer of 2018, but there is a possibility of postponing it, as the city will only then organize an architectural design competition so there is no economic point in demolishing

356-507: A rectangular base. It had rooms for housing the sentry units and three entry points: large, central one, for the carts and two smaller ones on the sides for the pedestrians. Above the main entrance there was tughra , a medallion with the signature of the Ottoman sultan. Doors were made of thick oak beams, nailed down with the strong iron plating. In time, the plating became full of obvious bullet holes. The Stambol Gate became notorious as

445-735: A separate building for the Belgrade Philharmonic Orchestra which could also use it. The project, which also included the underground passage which would connect the new building with the building of the National Theatre across the Francuska Street, was supported by the "Opera at the Square" movement, headed by the opera singer Živan Saramandić  [ sr ] . As of 2018 nothing has been either demolished or built. In 2015 city announced that

534-622: A while after the remains of the Roman tombs were discovered. It was later announced that the remains are actually of the Württemberg Gate, not the Stambol Gate. It was decided to scrap the idea of a glass cover which would leave the remains visible, and to continue with the original plan which included reburying of the remains and differently colored slabs which will mark its former position. The deputy mayor Goran Vesić said that

623-638: Is connected to the neighborhood of Zeleni Venac and further to Novi Beograd . It also borders the neighborhoods of Stari Grad and Dorćol , to the north. Today, it makes one of the local communities within Belgrade with a population of 2,360 in 2002. The name of the square has been the subject of much debate in the city. Vuk Drašković of the Serbian Renewal Movement suggested the square be renamed to Freedom Square (Трг Слободе / Trg Slobode ) after pro-democracy demonstrations were held in

712-480: Is known that it was much larger and more monumental than the latter Stambol Gate, but there are no surviving illustrations so the exact appearance of the gate is unknown. Württemberg also ordered construction of the massive building, stretching over several blocks, which occupied the area between the German and Serbian sections of Belgrade. Originally intended to be a military barrack, after Württemberg's direction it

801-456: Is located less than 100 meters away from Terazije , designated center of Belgrade, to which it is connected by the streets of Kolarčeva (traffic) and Knez Mihailova (pedestrian zone). Many people erroneously consider Square of the Republic to be the center of the city. Through Vasina street it is connected to the fortress and park of Kalemegdan to the west and through Sremska street it

890-597: The Austrians conducted massive project of extensive refurbishment of Belgrade from an oriental town into the modern, baroque -style, European one. Major section was the German Town, modern Dorćol, where large-scale settlement of ethnic Germans ensued. In the next two decades the goal was mostly achieved, and the historians today refer to this part of city's history as Baroque Belgrade. Project included construction of several imposing objects, some of which were located in

979-546: The Belgrade Fortress , built in the period of their rule. In June 1740, on a boat in the middle of the Sava river, which now became border between Austria and Ottoman Empire again, an agreement was signed and the fortress, including the gates was demolished. The remains of the gate were found during the 1958 digging of the foundations for the "Press House". The remains of the walls and foundations were re-discovered during

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1068-1630: The Central Register , 582 of which are categorized as being "of great importance" (512 cultural monuments, 25 archaeological sites, 17 historic landmarks and 28 spatial cultural-historical units). address Gospodar Jevremova St. no. 19 Višnjićeva St. no. 1 Republic Square Gospodar Jevremova St. no. 11 Lenjinova St. no. 48 Patrijarha Dimitrija St. no 34 Matije Gupca St. no. 17 Glavna St. no. 6 Lole Ribara St. no. 17 Knez Mihailova St. no. 33 Jelene Ćetković St. no. 5 Kraljevića Marka St. no. 12 Terazije St. no. 34 Džordža Vašingtona St. no. 19 Republic Square no. 1 Uzun Mirkova St. no. 14 Njegoševa St. no. 15 Kalemegdan Gračanička St. no. 10 Terazije St. no. 41 Terazije St. no. 39 7. jula St. no. 12 Kneza Miloša St. no. 103 Bežanijska kosa no. 18 Majevička St. no. 9 17. Oktobra St. no. 9 Karađorđeva St. no. 48 Kralja Milana St. no. 2 Masarikova St. no. 4 Terazije St. no. 28 Kosovska St. no. 47 Bulevar JNA St. Balkanska St. no. 1 Maršala Tita St. no. 184 Gajeva St. no. 15 Boljevački put Kumodraž Begaljica nn. Lipovački put 25 September 1967 (whole church) Crveni Krst Baba Zlatina St. Dušana Paskovića St. no. 28 Orlovića Pavla St. no. 28 Ive Lole Ribara St. no. 2 Braće Hadžića St. no. 1 Republic Square (Belgrade) The Republic Square or

1157-630: The Law on Cultural Heritage of 1994 in order to be categorized as being "of great importance": According to the Law, there are four classes of Immovable Cultural Heritage: Cultural Monuments, Archaeological Sites, Historic Landmarks and Spatial Cultural-Historical Units. Objects in each of those classes can be categorized as being "of great importance" by the National Assembly. There are currently 2657 objects of immovable cultural heritage inscribed in

1246-618: The Sava and Danube slopes, till Kosančićev Venac , extending in a series of necropolises from Republic Square, along the Bulevar kralja Aleksandra all the way to the Mali Mokri Lug . Necropolis at Republic Square contained a well-shaped graves from the 1st century AD. In general, the largest section of the civilian settlement was situated between the modern Simina ( Dorćol ) and Brankova streets ( Zeleni Venac , Kosančićev Venac ), and

1335-649: The Square of the Republic ( Serbian Cyrillic : Трг републике , romanized :  Trg republike ) is one of the central town squares and an urban neighborhood of Belgrade , located in the Stari Grad municipality. It is the site of some of Belgrade's most recognizable public buildings, including the National Museum , the National Theatre and the statue of Prince Michael . The square

1424-558: The Staklenac mall (Serbian for glassy ) will be demolished. The mall, with 4,000 m (43,000 sq ft) of floor area, was built in 1989 on a temporary permit from 1988, which expired after ten years. Hence, the object can't be officially legalized. It was built concurrently with the reconstruction of the National Theatre, in the scopes of the city beautification for the IX Non-Aligned Movement summit which

1513-488: The traffic calming zone will be formed. The works started in August 2018 and the deadline is 14 months. The works will be organized in two phases. Phase I is dealing with the square plateau itself and should be finished on 1 March 2019. In the phase II, the streets will be closed for adaptation and renovation, rerouting the traffic in the sole center of the city. It is planned that the granite slabs in different color will mark

1602-502: The Čukur Fountain incident in 1862. After the armed clash and rioting which followed, the gate lost its importance as the Ottoman garrison withdrew into the Belgrade Fortress itself, abandoning the gate. The gate was demolished in 1866, on the orders of Prince Michael, as the plans for the National Theatre were already in the works. The prince ordered it to be completely demolished to the ground on 20 March 1866. On 1 April,

1691-604: The "Press House" was constructed in 1961 on the remaining part of the former Andrejević family lot, so as the "City Restaurant" and the International Press Center. For the construction of the Press House, a series of old, ground-floor houses was demolished. In the early 1990s, club "Buha" was opened in the building of the Boško Buha Theatre. It was very popular in the 1990–1992 period as one of

1780-442: The "mistaken" registration of Kajmaković's company despite all the cadastre registrations in question happened during the present administration. She then contradicted herself and the cadaster, claiming that actually nothing is true, including Kajmaković's ownership, but that his company, as a co-owner of the building, gave permission to the city to reconstruct the theatre. The square was reopened on 1 September 2019. Public reaction

1869-420: The 2018 reconstruction and showed no evidence of additional works and reconstructions after it was built. The gate was named after Charles Alexander, Duke of Württemberg , who was Austrian governor of occupied Serbia from 1720 to 1733. His court and military barrack were located right behind the gate, at the very entrance into the fort. The National Theatre is today located on that spot. From descriptions, it

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1958-515: The Austrian occupation, generalissimo Laudon ordered a vast effort to fortify the city, which included the defensive trench which encircled a wider Belgrade area. The trench became known as the Laudan's Trench ( Laudanov šanac ) and passed in front of the gate which was accessed over a small bridge over it. Though smaller than the previous Württemberg Gate, it was still the largest of all city gates at

2047-661: The Belgrade Offensive awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union medal. General Vladimir Zhdanov held eulogy at the mass burial, but addressed Kravtsov specifically. In 1954, the crypt and the monument were moved to the newly formed Cemetery of the Liberators of Belgrade at Belgrade New Cemetery . The crypt was known as the "Monument with cross and five-pointed star". Later, the biggest building on this square,

2136-495: The Opera will not be built on the Square. Architect Milan Pališaški proposed in 2003 a project "Opera on the Square". It included construction of the national opera and ballet house (up to 1,200 seats) and a large underground garage (1,400 parking spots). The project would rule out the need for smaller underground garages in the vicinity (like to one planned on Studentski Trg or, as it is the case with La Scala and Covent Garden ,

2225-661: The Partisans and the Red Army expelled occupying Germans from Belgrade, 24 Red Army tank crewmen were killed. On 23 October 1944, three days after the liberation, a funeral procession consisting of 24 tanks moved from the Slavija Square to the Republic Square, where the crewmen were buried. Among the buried soldiers was Lt. Nikolay Kravtsov  [ sr ] (1921–44), who was the only soldier participant in

2314-746: The Regional Institute for Protection of Cultural Heritage Zoran Vapa, and Vršac Mayor assistant Dragiša Vučinić agreed on the reconstruction of Vršac Tower, to return it to its former look. At that meeting the fortress was officially renamed from Vršac Tower to Vršac Castle . 45°7′23″N 21°19′28″E  /  45.12306°N 21.32444°E  / 45.12306; 21.32444 Monuments of Culture of Great Importance (Serbia) Immovable Cultural Heritage of Great Importance ( Serbian : Непокретна културна добра од великог значаја / Nepokretna kulturna dobra od velikog značaja ) are those objects of Immovable cultural heritage that enjoy

2403-468: The Republic Square. During the digging of the foundations for the Monument to Prince Michael in 1882, tombs from different periods of Roman rule were discovered. One tomb was made from bricks, and there were 13 circular and 2 rectangle grave pits. Some of them are "well-tombs", named so because they are more than 10 m (33 ft) deep. The "well-tombs" are rare in these areas and it is believed that

2492-579: The Vršac fortress was used by the Ottomans. In 1590/91 the Ottoman garrison there consisted of one aga, two Ottoman officers and 20 Serb mercenaries. Situated on top of the local hill, the tower has a commanding view of the area. Many holidaymakers visit the area to admire views which extend as far as Romania . At an official meeting held on 4 March 2009, Minister for Culture assistant Dušan Živković, provincial secretary for culture Milorad Djurić , Director of

2581-584: The area of modern square, which was on the outskirts of German Town. After Austria lost the Austro-Turkish War of 1737–1739 , the northern Serbia, including Belgrade, was returned to the Turks. One of the provisions of the 1739 Treaty of Belgrade stated that Austria had to demolish all the fortifications and military and civilian building it has constructed during the occupation. Many baroque buildings were demolished, however, Austrians didn't demolish

2670-688: The armor, have also been discovered. These "well-tombs" are considered to be the oldest part of the vast Singidunum necropolis, originating from c.100 AD, while the brick tomb is dated to c.400 and some of its bricks have a stamp of the Legio IV Flavia Felix . The entire square area belongs to the Archaeological Site of Singidunum, which was declared a protected zone on 30 June 1964. During the 2018–2019 renovation, two additional, though devastated tombs were discovered. During their occupation of northern Serbia from 1717 to 1739 ,

2759-540: The botched reconstruction of the square. City responded that they acted after "serious analyses and talks" and upon wishes of the citizens. Asked to make public those analyses and explain when and how the citizens were interviewed about such "tectonic" changes, administration refused to disclose any documents. Simultaneously, city extended the deadline to 23 January 2020, which would make the reconstruction 519 days long, though without specifications what will be done in this period, except that there will be "no field work". In

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2848-412: The building and leveled it to the ground. Partial remains of the palace were discovered during the 2018-2019 reconstruction. The building is today considered one of the most representative Belgrade edifices in the entire 18th century. Digital archaeological 3D representation of the building was finished in 2020. After entering Belgrade in 1740, the Ottomans found completely destroyed ramparts. They walled

2937-425: The building were located. The upper outline of the building ended with highly elevated roof and plump chimneys, which was typical for the Austrian architecture of the day. Later Serbian folk songs said the palace had "windows as many as there are days in the year". However, after the examinations of the surviving images, that number was established to be around 312 rather than 365. Württemberg also formed something of

3026-424: The building, so the protesters smashed it. Boško Buha Theatre is today located in that section of the building. "Uranija" was later renamed "Jadran", and the cinema was popular for its repertoire, mostly made of dramas and romantic movies. When it was sold to the privately owned company in 2007, they resold it the a company from Cyprus which closed the cinema and opened a café and a pastry shop instead. Most of

3115-501: The buildings outside of the Belgrade Fortress' walls, so the Ottomans destroyed them and almost completely re-orientalized Belgrade. The Württemberg Gate was built in 1725. It predated the construction of the protective trench built on the orders by the Generalissimo Ernst Gideon von Laudon . It was one of the four gates which lead outside of the fortress and was part of the fortification's outer walls. The gate

3204-501: The buildings were destroyed during the German bombing on 6 April 1941. In the summer of 1942 a failed assassination on Dušan Letica by a group of six Yugoslav Partisans happened here. German occupational forces reconstructed the building of the theatre in 1942. After World War II , the tram tracks were removed as, until then, a tram terminus was located in the square. During the Belgrade Offensive in 1944, in which

3293-596: The central city streets for traffic and the reintroduction of the tram line across the square. The bidding for the project was announced and, though the works were not planned in at least a year due to the preparatory works, they should include another removal of the new cubes so that tracks can be placed. Due to the negative reactions, and even though deputy mayor Vesić said in 2018 that the tracks will, at least partially, be laid already in 2019, city's Directorate for Land Development now claimed that works can't start before 2025 or 2027, while president Vučić, who personally pushed

3382-646: The city from the newer neighborhoods. The green belt was also to include avenues , promenades, etc. The plan was only partially conducted at the time, while the only two surviving parts of the plan are two small squares, at Topličin Venac, where the Park Proleće is today, and at the present Republic Square's section in front of the Central Military Club building. After the demolition of the gate and establishment of Serbian rule in all of Belgrade in 1867,

3471-487: The closing of the entire downtown for traffic, including the square, and turning the central city area in the pedestrian zone. The square and the entire section till the Kalemegdan will be paved in granite or concrete slabs, almost without any trees. The idea met with the universal opposition from the professionals (architects, urbanists, traffic experts) but also from the public. Total open pedestrian square area, west of

3560-461: The custom arrived from Gaul . The brick tomb, which contained rushlight , was discovered close to the Čika Ljubina Street, while the other pits were where the monument is today. The materials found in the tombs include pottery fragments and vessels, pieces of terracotta and stone statues, fan-shaped floor tiles, bronze and bone needles, bricks, rushlights, etc. The pits were filled with ashes and contained animal bones. Coins and bronze rings, parts of

3649-479: The end, locations of the Stambol Gate and the Red Army soldiers burial site were marked with different slabs. City announced that the total expenditures per contract (for 420 days) is 768.3 million dinars, or €6.5 million, but that exact number will be known by the end of the year. The warranty period is three years. In the end, city claimed that the total price was 744 million dinars, or €6.4 million. In August 2020, city announced continuation of their idea of closing

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3738-519: The entire Empire State Building , back in 1930–1931. In April 2019, administration of the Stari Grad municipality began intermittent physical blockades of the construction site and removal of the construction fencing, hence "liberating the square". Employees, local residents and sympathizers of the opposition would either physically prevent machines from working and escort workers from the site or would organize sport activities or sitting sessions on

3827-544: The first zoo in Belgrade. He ordered his military to capture and bring to him "wild beasts from the forests and mountains of Serbia", which he then kept in cages. After the Austrians withdrew in 1739, the local Ottoman administration sent a letter to the Sublime Porte asking for the "large masonry saray for the wālis to be demolished. Even before the reply came from Constantinople , local administration mined

3916-513: The first venues in Belgrade to play electronic music, and was also a pioneer of rave music in Serbia. The area of the present 'Plateau of Dr Zoran Đinđić', right across the National Theatre was seen as the site of the future Belgrade Opera from the 1960s. However, this became highly controversial issue, both academic and public, in the 2003, when city government decided to tear down the Staklenac mall (saying it has done its purpose, even though it

4005-485: The fortress had some architectural elements similar to those in the fortress of Smederevo and the fortress around the Manasija monastery . The other theory claims that Vršac Castle is a remnant of the medieval fortress known as Erdesumulu (Hungarian: Érdsomlyó or Érsomlyó , Serbian: Erd-Šomljo / Ерд-Шомљо or Šomljo / Шомљо). However, sources for this theory do not identify Erdesumulu with Vršac, but claim that

4094-441: The foundation in 1950 and has indefinite lease right, to Belgrade Waterfront. Problem turned out to be the ownership in the cadaster, which was explained to the ensemble being a mistake which will be corrected. Problem turned out to net that the premises of the theatre were purchased by the company owned by Aleksandar Kajmaković in 2017. Nicknamed Aca Bosanac, he already owns numerous hospitality venues throughout Belgrade, including

4183-524: The gate to Terazije in one direction, and along the Tsarigrad Road itself, from the Batal mosque to Tašmajdan, in another. The gate continued to have certain strategic role in the 18th and the 19th century. After 1815, when Serbia was granted autonomy, Ottoman guards were placed at the gate to control the entering into the fortress. Already notorious, it became a symbol of the hated Ottoman rule after

4272-425: The invitation to tender and paid as such by the city, but concrete cubes with a thin silicone -glued rugged layer on top. Architects criticized the process – simple flipping of the cubes, especially glued ones like this – as a threat for traffic safety, especially during rain or winter, with pedestrians already complaining the cubes are slippery. The responsible engineer refused to sign the reconstruction project as

4361-536: The location of this town and fortress was further to the east, on the Karaš River , in present-day Romanian Banat . A Town named Erdesumulu was first mentioned in 1227. A Dominican monastery with the relics of Saint Dominic was founded there between 1230 and 1240, and from 1255 it was the seat of the comes . The fortress of Erdesumulu was built in 1335 as a royal fortress. After the Ottoman conquest in 1552,

4450-615: The locations of some former landmarks, like the Stambol Gate and the temporary graveyard from 1944. During the process, the Prince Michael Monument will be renovated, too. In the end, even this idea was abandoned. In September 2018, during the excavations, original wooden cobble laid in the second half of the 19th century was discovered. Once, the entire square, up to the Terazije, was covered with it. The cobbles were removed for cleaning. One part will be returned and form

4539-526: The military parade of the regular units of Serbian army was organized, from the gate, over Terazije, to the Old Konak, in the Royal Compound . Demolition began on 26 April, and the work was finished on 31 May 1866. That way, the last physical obstacle which divided city parts on the opposite sides of the trench was demolished, thus making neighborhoods outside of the old city walls one urban unit with

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4628-663: The modern Cara Dušana Street (Imperial Gate), Pop-Lukina Street and along the Sava river. The basic layout of the entire fortified system was finished by 1737. That year, another Austro-Turkish war broke out and the works on further fortification were stopped. After being defeated in the Battle of Grocka in July 1739, Austria agreed to sign a truce. As stipulated by the Treaty of Belgrade in 1739, Austrians had to withdraw and they insisted to demolish all objects and fortifications within

4717-543: The older part of the city which prompted accelerated urbanization. The Ottomans fully evacuated from Belgrade in 1867. The stones from the gate were re-used for the construction of the surrounding houses and for the building of the theatre itself. The rubble was partially used for burying the marsh in Bara Venecija , where the Belgrade Main railway station was built. When the square was renovated in 1928–1929,

4806-411: The original project was changed by the city during the reconstruction, unknowingly to the public. Additional rains showed the draining system on the square wasn't functional. President Vučić supported city government again, saying "Vesić has done everything right" and that he doesn't understand the "hysteria surrounding continued works", adding he is proud how things are done in Belgrade. City claims

4895-424: The original purpose of the edifice was military one, the facade is ornamented in the style of plainer, classical baroque. The narrower sides were decorated more. The longer sides were divided in three avant-corps , one central and two flanks. The central avant-corps, or risalit , was especially enhanced with decorative elements, on all four facades. Also, all four had balcony porch, under which all four entrances into

4984-547: The place in front of which the Turks executed the rayah , their non-Muslim subjects, by impaling them on stakes. It was also the place where during the attack on Belgrade in 1806 in the First Serbian Uprising , one of the leading Serbian military commanders, Vasa Čarapić , was fatally wounded. In his memory, a street near the square (Vasina Street) and a monument in the vicinity were named after him. When

5073-765: The printing workers, the Dardaneli kafana , the lots of Dimitrije and Lazar Andrejević, the Kolarac House with pharmacy and the First Belgrade Brewery. The second ice rink in Belgrade, after one in Savamala , was built in 1909 near the modern Army House. The place where now the National Museum is, was the location of long single-storied building which housed, among other edifices, the famous "Dardaneli" restaurant, founded in 1855. It

5162-512: The project, now called it unnecessary. Just few days after the announcement, the directorate called the bidding off. University of Manchester professor and meteorologist Vladimir Janković, was guest in the September issue of the TV serial Completely Natural  [ sr ] , hosted by Jovan Memedović  [ sr ] . Janković estimated that, in September, in sunset, temperature of

5251-471: The protected patch so that pedestrians can see what the cobble looked like. Another part will be kept in the National Museum while the third will be used for other pedestrian areas in the city. Also, it was originally thought that remains of the former Stambol Gate were discovered, though it was believed that nothing survived. The remains were to be preserved and shielded by glass so that they will remain visible to passersby. The works were then stopped again for

5340-595: The rebellion collapsed, the Ottomans regained Belgrade in October 1813. Their vanguards burned wooden hovels in Savamala and when the main army landed, a large number of people remained stranded on the bank in Savamala, trying to flee across the river into Austria. Men were massacred, while women and children were sold into slavery. All over the city heads on a spike appeared, while people were impaled on stakes along all city roads. Rows of impaled people were placed from

5429-572: The recently purchased Western City Gate which also caused protests. Kajmaković's connections to major criminal clans in Serbia include being a right-hand man of Peconi. He was also apprehended by the police during investigation of top Serbian gang kingpin Veljko Belivuk  [ sr ] for suspicion of Kajmaković acting as the legal owner of Belivuk's properties safeguarded by the Belivuk's gang members, and for money laundering. A bomb

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5518-413: The remaining earthen defensive mounds with palisades . The Ottomans decided to build only one gate, while on the other access points they set čardaks . They didn't use the foundations of the demolished Württemberg Gate, but built their gate a bit to the right, where the modern Vasina Street is, so the gate occupied the area between the modern National Theatre and the Monument to Prince Michael. During

5607-492: The remains of the Stambol Gate's foundations were discovered beneath the pavement, but it was not recorded whether the remains were dug up again or were removed. Additional remains were found in 1949, during another rearrangement of the square. Belgrade's first chief urbanist, Emilijan Josimović , devised a plan in 1867 for the system of "green groves" along the former route of the Laudon trench, which now divided old part of

5696-781: The second-highest level of state protection in the Republic of Serbia , behind the Immovable Cultural Heritage of Exceptional Importance . Immovable Cultural Heritage is classified as being of Great Importance upon decision by the National Assembly of Serbia . They are inscribed in the Central Register of Immovable cultural property maintained by the Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of Serbia . Objects of Immovable cultural heritage have to fulfill one or more of those criteria defined in

5785-496: The site of the present square was not laid out for a long time. The remains of the Stambol Gate were still visible. They were surrounded by bogs and gullies and a row of black locusts , which was leading to the open farmer's market . The market was known for the lamb and pork meat, while the kiridžije , who transported various goods from Užice on their little horses, were bringing and selling bacon, sirene , kaymak , pršut and kegs of rakia . The National Theatre, built in 1869,

5874-442: The square thus stopping works. Public complains continued, including the lack of greenery and replacement of the street pavement with the stone slabs. The cobblestone was placed as it was originally intended to turn the entire square into the pedestrian zone, but after much protests, the idea was scrapped, at least for now. Instead, city urbanist Marko Stojčić announced the revival of an old idea of building an underground garage on

5963-430: The square to oust Slobodan Milosević on 9 March 1991, during the 1991 protests in Belgrade . Most recently, a group of theater academics suggested the square's original name Theater Square (Позоришни Трг / Pozorišni trg ) be returned. The Celtic and Roman predecessor of Belgrade was Singidunum . Castrum occupied part of today's Belgrade Fortress but the civilian zone spread from the Kralja Petra Street, over both

6052-410: The square. During one of his inspections, president Vučić said that the massive building of the Press House should be demolished because it is "so ugly". Despite the legion of problems caused by the reconstruction, a patio of the local café, belonging to the controversial businessman with criminal past Predrag Ranković Peconi  [ sr ] , was opened and operational all the time, even though it

6141-456: The surface layer of the carriageways, prompting question whether it was granite at all. Amidst continued negative reactions, Stojčić said granite cubes will be turned upside down, with lower, flat part of the cubes on top. Vesić, claiming he was in a "surprise control visit", had an outburst, scolding the contractor "Strabag" (which billed additional €287,000 for "unexpected works"), calling them to repair it with their own money and without closing

6230-405: The surviving lines and massive public discontent. Authorities said that everything is covered with changing buses on other lines, but it turned out that for some, previously direct routes, it takes an extra hour for the commuters. But it was also reported that the reduction is part of the plan to transform the main traffic route into the pedestrian zone and because of the weight restrictions due to

6319-421: The thoroughfare, is 0.375 hectares (0.93 acres) – of which 0.225 hectares (0.56 acres) is the plateau with the prince's monument, and 0.15 hectares (0.37 acres) is the section with fountains which connects the square with the Knez Mihailova Street. In 2017 city announced plans for the details of the major reconstruction of the square. The flower beds will be removed, the square will be paved with granite slabs and

6408-488: The time, but was also considered the most beautiful. The Stambol Gate got its name as it was the starting point of the Tsarigrad Road , which linked Belgrade with Constantinople . Hence the name of both the road ( Carigrad was Serbian name for Constantinople) and the gate (after shortened Serbian version of the Ottoman name for Constantinople, " Istanbul Gate"). The gate was made of dressed stone and bricks, on

6497-677: The total price of the reconstruction is €8 million, which is deemed way to high and criticized even by the state Radio Television Serbia. Architect Dragoljub Bakić  [ sr ] estimated real cost to no more than €4.4 million, though he deemed the reconstruction as unnecessary anyway. In protest, students painted cubes in "gold", to show how things function in Belgrade: façades are painted, but everything decays inside. They were invoking government's claim that Serbia currently lives its "golden age". City filed charges against students claiming they are hooligans who destroy "granite" cubes. It

6586-412: The traffic. Asked how the cubes, by city's orders with rugged side up, were praised for 12 days, Vesić replied that "Strabag had to point out this is not a functional solution", calling the situation "unacceptable". 15 days after the re-opening, "reconstruction of the reconstruction" began. Despite promises, the traffic was stopped again. Repairs showed cubes are not made of granite as stipulated by

6675-489: The well established mall so early. In August 2018 it was announced by the city officials that the Staklenac will be demolished and the building of the Opera and ballet house will be built, "in the next several years". Some architects consider opera house on the square as a bad solution. City then announced in March 2022 that the "House of Dance" will be built instead on the location. After 2013, new city government announced

6764-412: The works will be done "24 hours a day" and that cameras will be installed so that everyone can watch the progress. Asked why it takes 420 days for such a reconstruction, under such a rigorous working hours, Vesić replied that it was a question for the authors of the project. Soon, reporters and public figures noted that the working site is still without workers from time to time or that it took less to build

6853-427: The works. President of the Republic, Aleksandar Vučić, said the square looks "wonderful and that the cobblestone is from high quality material which is "for ever". Vesić said they originally wanted plain concrete cubes, but president Vučić said "no, you are doing the central city square, place everything best for Belgrade...and he was right, so we placed the best granite". Less than two weeks later, heavy rains damaged

6942-431: Was a typical baroque gate of its day. It was designed by Nicolas Doxat , who renovated the entire fortress during the Austrian period. His task was to project the new walls and ramparts system around the city, to develop a completely new grid of streets and the transform Belgrade into the typical baroque town. The final completed section of the inner fortified system was the Württemberg Gate. Other three gates were located in

7031-399: Was adapted into the pastry shop later ( Kod kneževog spomenika ) and is café-pastry shop even today. Part of the building was rented to German Transportation Bureau ( Deutsches Verkehrs Buro ). It was a public secret that it is actually a hotspot for German spies, but the state didn't react. Few days before the 27 March 1941 anti-German protests, including the coup d'état , Germans hastily left

7120-463: Was built in 1989) and to construct City Gallery, while the Opera is supposed to be built in the swampy and uninhabited area of Ušće in Novi Beograd. Despite opposition from the citizens, ensemble of the opera and prominent architects and artists, the city government, most prominently the official city architect Đorđe Bobić, insisted that regardless of everything, they already made a decision that

7209-736: Was held here. The square was damaged during World War I, in the bombardment by the Austro-Hungarian and German armies. Especially damaged was the building of the National Theatre. It was fully reconstructed by 1922. The "Riunione" Palace, in which "Jadran" cinema used to be located, was built from 1929 to 1931, on one section of the Andrejević family parcel. It was built by the Adriatic Insurance Company "Riunione" from Trieste , Italy . The palace had apartments, offices, cinema "Uranija" and "Milanović" bistro. It

7298-458: Was held in Belgrade. New project is a cultural venue, covering 15,000 m (160,000 sq ft) and comprising galleries, bookstores, conference halls and an underground garage for 500 vehicles. In August 2017, city architect Milutin Folić said that the plan will include opera, ballet and a gallery, or a combination of those, though that was not in the project accepted in 2015 and even announced

7387-428: Was overwhelmingly negative: carriageway cobblestones were 41,000 cubes of rugged stone which made driving unpleasant and motorcycle, bicycle, pedestrian traffic almost impossible. City claimed such cubes were placed deliberately, to slow down the vehicles. At the widest section, the carriageways were narrowed. In protest, residents placed a fake monument to Goran Vesić on the square. City and state official praised

7476-496: Was placed under Kajmaković's car in 2002 in Budva , Montenegro . A state cadaster service reacted claiming everything is clear and legal, and that there is no mistake. A major public backlash, and support for the theatre from citizens and colleagues, ensued. Prime minister Ana Brnabić personally intervened, claiming the theatre stays at the square, and accusing previous administration for "vague documentation" which allowed for

7565-545: Was right next to the reconstruction site. In June 2022 city announced that the Boško Buha Theatre will get additional, evening scene in the building of the Post Office No. 6 which was to be renovated within the project Belgrade Waterfront . However, in March 2023 the theatre ensemble went to protest as they were informed the entire theatre will be relocated from the Riunione Palace, where it has been since

7654-534: Was soon obvious that new cubes, instead of the old, turned upside down ones, are being placed. Mayor Zoran Radojičić, when asked who is paying for this, said: "Well, you know what, I can't really know about every single cube, you have to admit that". The square was re-re-opened for traffic on 1 November 2019, however, despite claims that all lines of public transportation will be restored, two trolleybus lines remained shortened to Slavija Square, while two were completely abolished. This right away resulted in crowds in

7743-593: Was the most popular kafana in Belgrade at that time, especially after the 1896 reconstruction, when it became the meeting-place of actors and writers, and the central point of city's urban spirit and bohemianism . The building was pulled down to make way in 1903 for the Treasury (now the building of the National Museum). In a small park next to the National Theatre, there were the well-known "Kolarac" kafana and cinema (owned by Ilija Milosavljević-Kolarac ,

7832-466: Was the only large building for the more than 30 years as the square didn't develop as an urban area until the monument to Prince Mihailo was erected on 19 December 1882 when the square gradually started to acquire more buildings. The square was named Pozorišni Trg ("Theatre square"), keeping the name until the Communist rule after 1945. The square was formed between the theatre building, Cooperation of

7921-463: Was vastly expanded into his palace, or court. The palace occupied the area between the modern Ruski car Tavern , Zmaj Jovina Street and Republic Square. On one of its narrower side, where the "Jadran" cinema was located for decades, it faced the Württemberg Gate. On the other side it also faced a square, which was designated for the musters . The palace had rectangular base and was vertically divided into ground floor, two storeys and Mansard roof . As

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