Fatherland – All Russia ( FAR ) was a political bloc that existed in Russia from 1998 to 2002.
54-658: It was formed from the movement Fatherland, chaired by the Mayor of Moscow, Yuri Luzhkov , and the movement All Russia, chaired by regional Presidents of the Republics of Tatarstan , Mintimer Shaimiev , of Bashkortostan , Murtaza Rakhimov , of Ingushetia , Ruslan Aushev , and the Governor of St. Petersburg, Vladimir Yakovlev . In his founding Congress, that took place on 28 August 1999, their first chairman elected were Yevgeny Primakov and Yuri Luzhkov. The party took part in
108-410: A consequence, the city cleared the old river bed, building a canal that separated Sadovniki from the mainland (see Vodootvodny Canal for details and maps of the 1780s canal). Large areas east of Tatarskaya streets were flooded with the intention of building a river harbour and a fortified grain port on the eastern tip of the new island . These plans did not materialize; flooded lands were reclaimed in
162-542: A farmer was the creation of a self-sustainable and business efficient enterprise, developing and promoting to the regional and federal authorities a system of support for private agricultural enterprises. After his death, the farm was inherited by Luzhkov’s younger son Alexander. In 1998, as Boris Yeltsin 's political troubles grew partly because of the August economic crisis , Luzhkov formed his own national political faction, Otechestvo (Fatherland), to serve as his base for
216-422: A good or very good view of Mayor Luzhkov. However, Luzhkov's ratings steadily declined, and according to the latest poll from October 2009, only 36% of Muscovites viewed him positively. Allegations of wrongdoing by Luzhkov had been made before, but he had been notable for never having lost a libel suit in his career, including against Boris Nemtsov , the newspaper Kommersant , and The New York Times . Despite
270-490: A home in the affluent Kensington area of London, purchased in 2013 through an offshore company domiciled in Gibraltar . Luzhkov frequently appeared in public at different festivals and celebrations, and was an enthusiastic promoter of Moscow. His hobbies included tennis and beekeeping . His support for physical fitness was well known, and a statue of the mayor in tennis garb was created by Zurab Tsereteli . Luzhkov
324-525: A joint congress of Fatherland-All Russia and its rival party Unity decided to merge the two parties into a single new political party, United Russia . In its IV Congress, on 9 April 2002, Fatherland – All Russia was disbanded. This article about a Russian political party is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Yuri Luzhkov Yury Mikhailovich Luzhkov (Russian: Юрий Михайлович Лужков , IPA: [ˈjʉrʲɪj mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪtɕ lʊˈʂkof] ; 21 September 1936 – 10 December 2019)
378-513: A quiet, country-like land of single-story houses and conservative businessmen. They gradually improved the area with new churches. For example in 1755, the Church of the Savior on Bolvany was established. Administratively, Zamoskvorechye and Yakimanka were separated in 1782, when Catherine II divided the territory of Moscow into 20 police districts. In 1783, Moscow was hit by a disastrous flood. As
432-536: A rapidly growing population. Some of the most blatant limitations were removed by the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court after a long fight with Luzhkov's lawyers, making the registration process somewhat simpler. In 2003 Privacy International awarded Luzhkov the runner-up position in its Most Egregiously Stupid Award for the propiska rules. In April 2001, 63% of Moscow residents had
486-650: A small village in Tver Oblast in the 1930s. In April 1990, the new chairman of the Moscow City Council, Gavriil Popov, on the recommendation of Boris Yeltsin, nominated Luzhkov for the post of chairman of the Mosgorispolkom. Following the August coup Luzhkov was appointed on 24 August 1991, without leaving the post of vice-mayor of Moscow, one of three deputy heads of the Committee on
540-566: A thin line of stalinist buildings, starting from Komissariatsky Bridge , indicates the path of this failed project. More Stalinist buildings were built on the perimeter of Zamoskvorechye (Garden Ring and embankments). Flood hazard was eradicated with the construction of the Moscow Canal (1932-1938). River banks that used to change every season were firmly set in granite; downtown bridges were rebuilt to capacitate up to 6, 7, or 8 lanes of traffic. In 1941, residents of Zamoskvorechye formed
594-749: Is an ongoing supporter of the educational campaign “All-Russian Economic Dictation” developed by the Free Economic Society of Russia and pays special attention to supporting young economists: the youngest author of the dictation tasks receives a special award from the Yury Luzhkov Foundation. Together with the Moscow Sports Department and the Russian and Moscow Tennis Federations, the Foundation holds
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#1732779691366648-555: The 2010 summer peat fires and accused him and his wife of corruption. Some observers have seen this as being part of a struggle between Medvedev and then-Prime Minister Putin. Luzhkov officially declared that he had left the United Russia party. Luzhkov had sent a letter to the President on 27 September criticizing Medvedev's policy and his administration's actions. According to the President's press-secretary Medvedev read
702-634: The Black Sea Fleet (housed at Sevastopol) and helping spur Ukraine to seek a relationship with NATO . On 12 May 2008 Luzhkov was banned from entering Ukraine by the Security Service (SBU) after his statement concerning the legal status of Sevastopol: In 1954 the city of Sevastopol was not included into the Oblast , the territory, which was transferred to Ukraine by Nikita Khrushchev . We state that this issue remained unresolved. It
756-600: The Kadashi Church in the proximity of the Moscow Kremlin . Many neighbourhoods, like Zamoskvorechye , were dramatically changed. Sculptor Zurab Tsereteli enjoyed Luzhkov's personal support in setting many of his works over the city. In 1999, in order to improve the housing conditions of Moscovites, Yury Luzhkov initiated a major demolition programme to replace Moscow’s old five-story apartment blocks that were unsuitable for renovation because of
810-611: The Tsar 's authorities. Some of them included: The sloboda system eventually fell apart as a result of Petrine reforms. The century was preceded by mass executions of Streltsy (September 30, 1698); all Streltsy troops were disbanded by 1720. Craftsmen lost their businesses when the royal court relocated to Saint Petersburg in 1713; the territories were slowly re-settled by farmers and merchants. The wealthier class concentrated in Pyatnitskaya and Ordynka streets; Zamoskvorechye became
864-692: The water problem of Central Asia and earn money for Russia. Luzkhov died on 10 December 2019 in Munich , Germany at the Klinikum der Universität München where he underwent invasive heart surgery. Luzhkov was administered anesthesia and died from subsequent anaphylactic shock . The Yury Luzhkov Foundation was established in September 2020 with the purpose of preserving his memory, work and accomplishments, as well as popularizing his socio-political, literary and scientific heritage. The memorial work of
918-468: The 15th century, when the expansion of the Moscow Kremlin moved the wooden Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge one block eastward. The fortified line on the site of the present-day Garden Ring was built between 1591 and 1592 during the reign of Feodor I . Within the fortress wall, life was organized in a patchwork sloboda system. Soldiers, craftsmen and foreigners settled in clearly defined communities, with some degree of personal liberty and independence from
972-608: The 1820s, and were used as pastures and gardens. Sadovniki Fort was built on a different site, closer to the city center, as the New Kriegskomissariat (1778–1780), a neoclassical castle housing military offices and depots. Since that time, the military has continuous presence in Sadovniki East. Construction of Babiegorodskaya Dam and the clearing of the Vodootvodny Canal in the 1830s reduced
1026-479: The 1999 State Duma election , being led by Yevgeny Primakov, Yuri Luzhkov and Vladimir Yakovlev. During the pre-election debates, the block suffered from 'black public relations ' campaign in Boris Berezovsky -controlled media and competition with the rival conservative Unity Party of Russia . 'Fatherland' supported the election of Vladimir Putin as President of Russia in 2000. On 1 December 2001,
1080-582: The Foundation are intended for unimpeded and free use by the general public. Zamoskvorechye District 55°44′23″N 37°37′30″E / 55.73972°N 37.62500°E / 55.73972; 37.62500 Zamoskvorechye District ( Russian : райо́н Замоскворе́чье ) is a district of the Central Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow , Russia . It has a population of 55,612 ( 2010 Census ) ; 50,590 ( 2002 Census ) . The district contains
1134-427: The Foundation was endorsed by a special order of President Vladimir Putin. The Foundation strives to support and develop the socio-cultural and philanthropic initiatives that continue the line of Yury Luzhkov’s work to benefit the citizens of Moscow and Russia, with a particular focus on involvement of younger people into developing solutions for contemporary urbanistic problems. An award for prominent theatre management
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#17327796913661188-676: The Historical Mosque (est. 1823, www.tatarmoscow.ru Archived September 28, 2007, at the Wayback Machine ). Housing construction in the 1920s proceeded slowly, with some examples surviving (a big constructivist block by Bolshoy Ustinsky Bridge was razed in the 1990s, citing imminent hazards; as of 2024 the lot is still vacant). The 1935 Master Plan of Moscow called for completing the Boulevard Ring through Zamoskvorechye, which had not yet been finished. However,
1242-805: The Operational Management of the Soviet economy , which was created to replace the Cabinet of Ministers , which had supported the coup, and became the last government of the Soviet Union. He was responsible for questions related to the agro-industrial complex, trade, foreign economic relations and the social sphere. Two months later it became known that Luzhkov left the committee due to employment as vice mayor. Many old Soviet landmarks, such as Rossiya Hotel or Voentorg, were reconstructed or demolished, as well as several old buildings around
1296-617: The Twelfth Militia Division of Kirovsky District ( дивизия народного ополчения Кировского района ). Later renamed the 139th Rifle Division, this unit fought at Yelnya Offensive and at the Mozhaisk Defense Line . Few survived. Zamoskvorechye was dramatically altered in the 1960s-1970s by inserting standardized concrete buildings into the middle of the historical century area, especially on Novokuznetskaya Street. One of these plattenbau projects starred as
1350-558: The Yuri Luzhkov Prize to "Young Innovators" is annually granted to the youngest and most talented inventor among those who bring their projects to the festival. Annual scholarship and grant programmes have been established with Moscow universities to honour Luzhkov’s contribution to industry, science and education, including his alma mater Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas. The foundation
1404-579: The agricultural enterprise with the territory of 5,500 hectare in the North-West of Russia. He established and managed a large farmstead that was active in horse and sheep breeding, grain growing and cereal production, cheese making, etc. In 2017, the farm produced a total of 10,000 tons of grain (barley, wheat, buckwheat), and its buckwheat harvest covered 2/3 of the regional need. The farm employed more than 100 locals, offered highly competitive wages and social support. Luzhkov claimed that his main goal as
1458-522: The annual all-Russian youth competition “Tennis Tournament in Memory of Yury Luzhkov." Other sports events supported by the foundation include the annual summer Moscow festival of street sports The BOWL and an amateur tennis tournament “Leather Cap”. The Yuri Luzhkov Foundation consistently works on collecting and systematizing, publishing and popularizing the social, political, literary and scientific heritage of Yu. M. Luzhkov. The archives collected by
1512-583: The canal, terminating in Boloto square, just across from the Kremlin. This plan did not materialize. In 1922, Bolshevik administration closed and looted 22 churches in Zamoskvorechye and Yakimanka; more destruction followed, leaving only one operational church in each district. 17 religious buildings survived to date, including a church of Novozybkov Bespopovtsy (an Old Believers denomination) and
1566-541: The city, including the building of a new financial district. At the same time, he was accused of corruption, bulldozing historic buildings, and poor handling of traffic, as well as the city's smog crisis during the 2010 Russian wildfires . On 28 September 2010, Luzhkov was fired from his post by a decree issued by then- President Dmitry Medvedev . Yury Mikhailovich Luzhkov was born on 21 September 1936 in Moscow. His father, Mikhail Andreyevich Luzhkov, moved to Moscow from
1620-656: The corner of Pyatnitskaya and canal: Smirnoff distillery, established on this site in 1862. Moscow's first electrical powerplant was built in 1886 in Tverskoy District ; the oldest extant powerplant, MOGES-1 (1896) still operates in Sadovniki. Railroads came to Zamoskvorechye in 1900 with the completion of Paveletsky Rail Terminal (then, Ryazan-Ural Railroad Terminal or Saratov terminal), causing rapid industrial construction south of The Garden Ring. The builders planned to extend this mainline railroad north towards
1674-482: The eastern half of the historical Zamoskvorechye area (its western half is administered by Yakimanka District ), and the territories of Zatsepa Street and Paveletsky Rail Terminal south of the Garden Ring . The boundary between Yakimanka and Zamoskvorechye districts follows Balchug Street and Bolshaya Ordynka Street (north of Garden Ring ), Korovy Val and Mytnaya streets (south of Garden Ring). Territories on
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1728-708: The flood hazard, but the land remained cheap. This led to steady industrialization of Zamoskvorechye, starting with small home-based factories continuing the old sloboda traditions. Soon after the Emancipation reform of 1861 , vacant lots in Sadovniki and Tatarskaya Streets became an industrialized, working-class area. These factories, from textile to turbine blades, were recently torn down or rebuilt into office space ( Sparkling Wine Bottlery , on Sadovnicheskaya Street , still operates). Construction of Pererva and Kolomna dams between 1874 and 1877 attempted to improve shipping, but by this point, shipping had already lost out to
1782-463: The land the houses were built on and many of these titles were bought or inherited from the original owners; Luzhkov was accused of lobbying the interests of building companies. However, the City Hall claimed that no permissions for private house building on that land were given since the 1950s and that the residents could never claim amnesty because of that. Nevertheless, Luzhkov stated that the city
1836-470: The lawsuit history between the two, after Luzhkov’s dismissal Boris Nemtsov said: ‘I can’t help feeling that the current investigation is more of a revenge against Luzhkov and Baturina, and not an attempt to restore a lawful situation. I am absolutely convinced that the main task here is raiding with the help of the State. The goal is to take Baturina's business from her for a pittance. And criminal cases are just
1890-560: The letter after the decision had been made but it would not have affected that decision in any case. On 1 October 2010 Luzhkov was appointed Dean of the Faculty of Management of major cities of the International University in Moscow. The order for appointment was signed by the president of the university, former mayor (and Luzhkov's predecessor as mayor) of Moscow Gavriil Popov. The faculty of management of large cities
1944-404: The outdated technology used during their construction. 1,722 of them were to be razed by 2010. The authorities stipulated that the apartment blocks could only be torn down and replaced after its residents had been moved into new housing. Luzhkov's rationale for permanent living place (propiska) registration was that Moscow's city infrastructure could not handle
1998-459: The parliamentary and presidential elections due to be held in late 1999 and mid-2000, respectively. However, Yeltsin appointed Vladimir Putin as Prime Minister in August 1999. While virtually unknown when first appointed, Putin rapidly gained popular support due to a hard-line law and order image and the backing of powerful state-owned and state-allied media and economic interests. Supporters of
2052-458: The prime minister, Luzhkov and his party integrated with the pro-Putin Unity party into the single United Russia following the autumn 1999 Duma campaign, and endorsed Putin in the 2000 presidential elections , which he won easily. Luzhkov remained a co-chairman of United Russia. Luzhkov was accused of brutal suppression of opposition protests, and he was widely condemned for leaving Moscow during
2106-495: The railroads. In 1857, English brothers Theodore and Edward Bromley set up a mechanical plant south from the Garden Ring, producing small hand tools. The Bromley brothers' business rapidly expanded, and by 1917 it controlled numerous metallurgical and mechanical plants around Paveletsky railroad, essentially creating a monopoly of plumbing supplies and railroad tooling. Another well-known business still has its headquarters on
2160-440: The right (southern) bank of Moskva River , now known as Zamoskvorechye, were first colonized in the 14th century. Two river crossings, west and east of the Moscow Kremlin 's walls, provide access to roads which originally continued south to Kaluga and Serpukhov and served as main axes of settlement. Bolshaya Ordynka Street (Serpukhov road), currently the western boundary of the district, is named after Orda , Golden Horde , and
2214-574: The signatures of 114,000 Moscow residents against the statue's return. In 1996 Luzhkov, hoping to advance his political stature on a national level, became the main advocate for a claim to the city of Sevastopol in Ukraine. In December, the Russian Federation Council passed a resolution officially claiming the city, affecting negotiations between President Boris Yeltsin and Ukraine's President Leonid Kuchma over possession of
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2268-457: The site of the 1973 film Ivan Vasilievich: Back to the Future . Destruction continues throughout the 1990s and 2000s, with façadist the insertion of highrise office blocks behind "restored" two-story façades. The population growth plateaus as the city begins to condemn historical buildings, opting instead for office redevelopment, resulting in many residents being forced to relocate. One example
2322-482: The smog crisis resulting from the 2010 Russian wildfires . He is also blamed for traffic congestion in the city. In 2002, Luzhkov proposed returning to Lubyanka Square the fifteen-ton iron statue of Felix Dzerzhinsky , founder of the Soviet Cheka . The statue was removed after the failure of the attempted coup against the Soviet government of Mikhail Gorbachev in 1991. Opponents of the proposal collected
2376-410: The upcoming presidential election. Otechestvo had the support of many powerful regional politicians, and it gained further support when it merged with another party, Vsya Rossiya (All Russia) to form Otechestvo-Vsya Rossiya . Many observers of Russian politics believed that Luzhkov and his new ally, former prime minister Yevgeniy Primakov , would be likely to displace both Yeltsin and his inner circle in
2430-657: The way to do it. It's disgusting to take part in marauding, and I will never do it. Thus, the story of my conflict with Baturina is from now on completely over." Luzhkov was dismissed by President Medvedev on 28 September 2010, after returning from a holiday in Austria , citing "loss of trust". Pundits had been predicting Luzhkov's imminent ousting for years. The September 2010 dismissal followed weeks of speculation regarding Luzhkov's position, caused by his questioning of Medvedev's leadership. Government-controlled television channels had run programs criticizing Luzhkov's handling of
2484-549: Was Luzhkov who controversially ordered the destruction of houses built in the Rechnik neighbourhood of Moscow. According to an interview published in the Moskovsky Komsomolets , Luzkhov said that the residents were squatting on land in a "protected environmental zone." Residents claimed that Soviet-era permits to the land, which was set aside as a gardening collective in the 1950s, gave them de facto title over
2538-408: Was a Russian politician who served as mayor of Moscow from 1992 to 2010. Before the election of Gavriil Popov as the first mayor of Moscow, he also headed the capital in 1990-1991 as chairman of the Mosgorispolkom. He was the vice-chairman and one of the founders of the ruling United Russia party. During Luzhkov's time, Moscow's economy expanded and he presided over large construction projects in
2592-572: Was allegedly a devoted Orthodox Christian believer, often appearing at Christmas and Easter liturgies . A BBC documentary made during the late 1990s questioned this, asserting he was not an Orthodox Christian. When asked why he supported the Church, he replied that he supported its moral teachings. He was friendly with Patriarch Alexy II . In 2005 he was given an award from the International Fund of Unity of Orthodox Christians. Luzhkov
2646-405: Was being rehabilitated as memories of his "reign of terror" faded. Luzhkov married his first wife, Marina Bashilova, in 1958, and had two sons with her, Mikhail and Alexander. Bashilova died from liver cancer in 1989. He met his second wife, businesswoman Yelena Baturina , 27 years his junior, in 1987. They married in 1991 and had two daughters, Elena (born 1992) and Olga (born 1994), and owned
2700-706: Was critical of homosexuality and issued several bans on the Moscow Pride parade , organised by Nikolay Alexeyev . Gay activists accused him of homophobia , and sent their appeals to the European Court of Human Rights complaining the breach of Freedom of Assembly , which is granted in the European Convention on Human Rights . Luzhkov was known as an enthusiastic advocate of the Northern river reversal project, which he believed would solve
2754-572: Was established in 2002 on the initiative of Luzhkov, in the same year Luzhkov became the scientific leader of this faculty and an honorary professor at the university. On the same day, ex-mayor Luzhkov left his former workplace. On 21 September 2016, Luzhkov's 80th birthday, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a decree awarding him the Order of Merit of the Fatherland, 4th degree "for active public work". In 2010, Luzhkov became head of Veedern,
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#17327796913662808-657: Was established in the name of Yuri Luzhkov by the National Theatre Award “Crystal Turandot” and first awarded in June 2021. At the festival the Foundation has established a special prize to the “Young Innovator” and awarded it annually. Long-term cooperation has been established with the International Festival of Scientific and Technological Development for Children and Youth. At the Festival,
2862-565: Was initially home to the Tatar community. Regular floods and the north-south migration of Moskva river bed limited construction to a narrow, 500-700 meter wide strip of land between the Ordynka and Tatarskaya streets. The development of Zamoskvorechye followed the eastward expansion of the city on the northern bank; thus, eastern Zamoskvorechye is younger than the western Yakimanka District. For example, present-day Pyatnitskaya Street emerged early in
2916-504: Was ready to provide full compensation by offering other land plots in the vicinity of Moscow for veterans of World War II who lived in Rechnik since Soviet times. In 2010, Luzhkov made public his plans to honour Soviet leader Joseph Stalin with ten posters of him in the city of Moscow, for the first time in around fifty years after Nikita Khrushchev 's criticism of Stalin-period policies . Liberal critics expressed concern that Stalin
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