Tarcău is a commune in Neamț County , Western Moldavia , Romania . It is composed of six villages: Ardeluța, Brateș, Cazaci, Schitu Tarcău, Straja, and Tarcău.
41-896: The commune is located in the southwestern part of the county, on the border with Bacău County . It is nestled in the foothills of the Tarcău Mountains , a mountain range of the Eastern Carpathians . It lies on the banks of the Bistrița River ; the Tarcău River discharges into the Bistrița in Tarcău village, while the Tărcuța flows into the Tarcău in Ardeluța village and the Bolovăniș flows into
82-750: A bishop of the Saxons and the Hungarians, to rebuild the confiscated churches and to strengthen their souls in their beliefs, and his name is Ian Lusenius, and is Polish." After 1562: Notes of the Humanist Johann Sommer about Saxons in Moldavia, from his work about the Life of Jacob-Despot, the Ruler of Moldavia "Despot was unyielding in punishment, especially against the ones who don't respect
123-523: A certain level. Ion Podea in the "Monograph of Brașov County" of 1938 mentioned that the ethnonym derives from the verb csángodni or ecsángodni and means ' to leave someone or something, to alienate someone or something that has left you ' . This was used by the Szeklers in the case of other Romanized Szeklers from the Ciuc area. In some Hungarian dialects (the one from Transylvanian Plain and
164-535: A noble stratum or intelligentsia (cf. Kósa 1981) that could have fashioned their consciousness as Hungarians (Halász 1992: 11). They were "saved" (Kósa 1998: 339) from "assimilation" with the Romanians by virtue of their Roman Catholic religion, which distinguished them from the majority Greek Orthodox society. Official Romanian censuses in Moldavia indicate the following: In 2001 the Romanian authorities banned
205-827: A rural and agricultural people, raising stock like sheep and cows and farmed crops such as corn, potatoes, and hemp. They were also often called for military service, protecting the Eastern borders of the Kingdom of Hungary in the Middle Ages. Before the Communist era and the collectivization efforts, the Csángós were structured in a traditional society until the introduction of civil code . Village elders were well respected and could be pointed out by their traditionally long hair and beards. Notably, some Csángós also participated in
246-670: A total area of 6,621 km (2,556 sq mi). In the western part of the county there are mountains from the Eastern Carpathian group. Here, along the valleys of the Oituz River and Trotuș River , there are two important links between Moldavia and Transylvania . On the East side, the heights decrease and the lowest point can be found on the Siret River valley which crosses the county from North to South down
287-596: Is concerned, in the census of 2002, 4,317 declared themselves Hungarians and 796 declared themselves Csángó in Bacău County, reaching a total of 5,794 out of the county's total population of 706,623. The report of the Council of Europe estimates a Csángó population ranging from 20,000 to as many as 260,000, based in the total Catholic population in the area, which may be an exaggeration as there also are Catholic ethnic Romanians. One plausible explanation for this discrepancy
328-643: Is located în Schitu Tarcău village. The Brateș fauna reserve [ ro ] is also located on the administrative territory of the commune. This Neamț County location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Bac%C4%83u County Bacău County ( Romanian pronunciation: [baˈkəw] ) is a county ( județ ) of Romania , in Western Moldavia , with its capital city at Bacău . It has one commune, Ghimeș-Făget , in Transylvania . This county has
369-470: Is not conceivable that these " Romanians " could persist in using a "foreign" language after centuries of living in Romania surrounded by Romanians speaking Romanian. Whatever can be argued about the language of the Csángós there is no doubt that this is a form of Hungarian.– Csango minority culture in Romania , Doc. 9078 from 4 May 2001 The Council of Europe has expressed its concerns about the situation of
410-545: Is that many Csángó hide or disguise their true ethnicity. The Council of Europe had in 2001 estimates that put the total number of Csángó-speaking people between 60,000 and 70,000. According to the most recent research executed between 2008 and 2010 by Vilmos Tánczos, famous Hungarian folklorist, there has been a sharp decline in the total number of Csángó-speaking people in Eastern Romania. Tánczos set their number to roughly 43,000 people. Moreover, he found out that
451-597: The 1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt and fought on behalf of Romania in both world wars. Perugia, 14 November 1234: Pope Gregory IX to Béla IV , king of Hungary "In the Cuman bishopric – as we were informed – is living a people called Vallah and others, Hungarians and Germans as well, who came here from the Hungarian Kingdom." Roman , 13 April 1562: Report of the Habsburg Agent, John Belsius, to
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#1732802629108492-674: The European Parliament sent a petition to the European Commission regarding the obstruction of Hungarian language education and the alleged intimidation of Csángó-Hungarian pupils in Valea Mare (Nagypatak). The leader of the High Commission on Minority Affairs responded to the petition of László Tőkés MEP in a written notice that they would warn Romania to secure education in the mother tongue for
533-518: The Roman Catholic Church . During the last years, some statements identified all Catholics in Bacău County (119.618 persons according to 2002 census) as Csángó. This identification is rejected by most of them, who did identify themselves as Romanians. The name Csángó appeared relatively recently, being used for the first time, in 1780 by Péter Zöld. The name Csángó is used to describe two different ethnic groups: Their music shows
574-621: The Romanian region of Moldavia , especially in Bacău County . The region where the Csángós live in Moldavia is known as Csángó Land . Their traditional language, Csángó, a Hungarian dialect, is currently used by only a minority of the Csángó population group. Some Csángós also live in Transylvania (around the Ghimeș-Palanca Pass and in the so-called Seven Csángó Villages ) and in
615-433: The collapse of the communist regime , Bacău continued to be the region's most important GDP supplier, but the county became more famous for the controversial figures involved in the local economy than for its performance. The predominant industries in the county are: In Bacău County there are important reserves of oil and salt. Also coal is exploited. The main tourist destinations in the county are: Some estimates put
656-468: The Csángó dialect. At the time of this report's release, the Vatican expressed hope that the Csángós would be able to celebrate Catholic masses in their liturgical language, Csángó. The situation of the Csángó community may be understood by taking into consideration the results of the 2002 census . 1,370 persons declared themselves Csángó. Most of them live in Bacău County , Romania, and belong to
697-504: The Csángó minority culture, and discussed that the Csángós speak an early form of Hungarian and are associated with ancient traditions, and a great diversity of folk art and culture, which is of exceptional value for Europe. The council also mentioned that (although not everybody agrees on this number) it is thought that between 60,000 and 70,000 people speak the Csángó Hungarian dialect. It has also expressed concerns that despite
738-738: The Csángós of Moldavia. According to the final report of the Presidential Commission for the Study of the Communist Dictatorship in Romania in 2006, the policy of assimilation of the communist regime had serious consequences on the situation of the Csángós in Moldavia. The report noted that the first attempts at forced assimilation of the Csángós date back to the interwar period, with the Catholic Church taking on an important role in this process. Facilitating
779-603: The Emperor Ferdinand the First "On the day of the 10th of April, Despot Vodă left Hîrlău (Horlo) to Tîrgul Frumos (Zeplak = Széplak) finally on the 12th to the fortress of Roman (Románváros)" Despot Vodă ordered me to write these: Alexandru Moldoveanul forced all the nations, with no exceptions, to be baptized again and to follow the religion of the Moldavians, taking them away from their own religion, he appointed
820-544: The Hungarian lexicon from Transylvania , Bucharest , 1978; The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language , Hungarian Academy Publishing House, Budapest, 1972; The new dictionary of regionalisms , Hungarian Academy Publishing House, Budapest, 1979, the terms csangó , csángó are translated in ' walker ' , ' a person who changes his place ' . The historian Nicolae Iorga stated that
861-504: The Tarcău in Schitu Tarcău village. Tarcău commune is traversed by National Road DN15 [ ro ] , which connects it to the town of Bicaz , 5 km (3.1 mi) to the west, and to the county seat, the city of Piatra Neamț , 24 km (15 mi) to the east. The Tarcău Neamț train station serves CFR Line 509 , which runs from Bacău to Piatra Neamț to Bicaz. The Sihăstria Tarcăului Monastery [ ro ]
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#1732802629108902-527: The Upper Tisza) csángó , cángó means ' wanderer ' . In connection with this etymological interpretation, the linguist Szilágyi N. Sándor [ hu ] made an analogy between the verb "to wander" with the ethnonyms " kabars " and " khazars ", which means the same thing. According to the "Dictionary of the Hungarian Language", 1862; The etymological dictionary of the Hungarian language , Budapest 1967; The historical dictionary of
943-541: The authorities and church, declared at a meeting that they were opposed to the official instruction of Hungarian in Csángó villages. In their opinion the Csángós are of Romanian origin, and sporadic requests for teaching Hungarian at schools reflect not a real parental demand, but Hungarian nationalist ambitions. In the village of Arini (Magyarfalu in Hungarian) the village mayor and the Romanian-only teachers of
984-472: The characteristic features of Hungarian music and the words of their songs are mostly Hungarian, with some dialect differences. The anthem of the Csángós refers to Csángó Hungarians multiple times. The Csángós did not take part in the language reforms of the Age of Enlightenment, or the bourgeois transformation that created the modern consciousness of nationhood (cf. Halász 1992, Kósa 1998). They did not have
1025-456: The county's urban population was 50,342, of which 70.1% were Romanians, 23.9% were Jews, 2.2% were Hungarians, as well as other minorities. From a religious point of view, the urban population consisted of 64.9% Eastern Orthodox, 24.4% Jewish, 9.3% Roman Catholic, as well as other minorities. Cs%C3%A1ng%C3%B3s The Csángós ( Hungarian : Csángók ; Romanian : Ceangăi ) are ethnic Hungarians of Roman Catholic faith living mostly in
1066-526: The loss of the linguistic identity of the Csángós allowed the Catholic Church to stop their assimilation into the Orthodox Church, and as a result of these policies, the Csángós did not benefit from religious services and education in their mother tongue. It is difficult to estimate the exact number of the Csángós because of the elusive nature and multiple factors (ethnicity, religion and language) of Csángó identity. As far as ethnic identification
1107-660: The middle. On the East side there is the Moldavian Plateau crossed by many small rivers. Bears, wolves, foxes, wild boars, and squirrels inhabit Bacău County's mountains, particularly in its rural Slănic-Moldova region; the remnants of the local deer are preserved in Mănăstirea Cașin . The county of Bacău was one of the most industrialized regions in the communist period and it remained Moldavia's most important industrial center ever since. There are two large oil refineries at Onești and Dărmănești . Following
1148-420: The phrase csángatta a harangot ' ring the bell ' . The Finnish researcher Yrjö Wichmann believed that probably the name of ceangău (csángó) did not come from a certain Hungarian tribe, but they were called those Transylvanian Szeklers who moved away from their comrades and settled in areas inhabited by Romanians, where they were, both materially and ideologically influenced by them and even Romanized to
1189-404: The provisions of the Romanian law on education, and repeated requests from parents there is no teaching of the Csángó language in the Csángó villages, and, as a consequence, very few Csángós are able to write in their mother tongue. The document also discussed that the Csángós make no political demands, but merely want to be recognized as a distinct culture and demand education and church services in
1230-698: The sanctity of marriage, -according to the habit of those people-: this habit was copied by the Hungarians and Saxons living here, in this country (Moldavia). He started to build a school in Cotnari, which is mostly inhabited by Hungarians and Saxons ." Iași, 14 January 1587: Bartolomeo Brutti's letter to Annibal de Capua "These Franciscans are very few and they speak neither German, nor Hungarian, so they can't take spiritual care of these catholics, 15000 in number. Roman 1588: The First Jesuit Mission in Moldavia: Written by Stanislaw Warszewicki "In
1271-496: The self-identity of the Csángós was based on the Roman Catholic religion and the Hungarian language spoken in the family. It is generally accepted by serious scholars (Hungarian but also Romanian) that the Csángós have a Hungarian origin, and that they arrived in Moldavia from the west. Some Romanian authors claim that the Csángós are in fact "Magyarised" Romanians from Transylvania . This theory has also to be dismissed; it
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1312-451: The south with Putna County . The county was originally divided into five districts ( plăși ): Subsequently, two more districts were established: According to the 1930 census data, the county population was 260,781, comprising 88.6% Romanians, 5.3% Jews, 3.3% Hungarians, as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, 75.8% were Eastern Orthodox, 18.1% Roman Catholics, 5.5% Jewish, as well as other minorities. In 1930,
1353-435: The state school, filed a complaint with the local police about the "unlawful teaching activities" of Gergely Csoma. Csoma teaches Hungarian as an extracurricular activity to the children of Arini. Following the complaint, the local police started what Csángó activists have described as an intimidation campaign among the mothers of those children who are studying their maternal language with the said teacher. In 2008 members of
1394-463: The teaching of the Hungarian language in private houses in the village of Cleja , despite the recommendation of the Council of Europe. From 1990, parents in Cleja , Pustiana and Lespezi requested several times that their children have the opportunity of learning the Hungarian language at school, either as an optional language, or as their native language, in 1-4 lessons a week. At best their petition
1435-468: The term comes from șalgăi ( șálgó , with the variants derived from the Hungarian sóvágó meaning ' salt cutter ' ), name given to the Szekler workers at Târgu Ocna mine . A theory of the historian Antal Horger relates that the ceangău comes from czammog , which refers to a shepherd who walks with the bludgeon after the herds. Another hypothesis of Bernát Munkácsi explains that
1476-573: The term comes from the verb csángani which in Ciuc County means ' to mix ' . The Hungarian and the international literature in this subject unanimously agree that the Csángós are of Hungarian origin, with varying assimilated elements of Romanian, German, Polish, Italian and Gypsy origin. Hungarian origins include a mixture of Turkic ( Cumans , Pannonian Avars , Khazars , Pechenegs , Székelys ), original Hungarian, German and Alan populations. The Csángós had historically been
1517-541: The total number of Csángós at around 70,000 in 1987. The Bacău County Council, renewed at the 2020 local elections , consists of 36 councillors, with the following party composition: Bacău County has 3 municipalities, 5 towns, and 85 communes Bacău became famous after electing Ilie Ilașcu of the Greater Romania Party as their Senator, while he was held in prison in Transnistria . Between
1558-479: The village of Oituz in Northern Dobruja . It has been suggested that the name Csángó is the present participle of a Hungarian verb csángál meaning ' wander, as if going away ' ; purportedly a reference to sibilation , in the pronunciation of some Hungarian consonants by Csángó people. Alternative explanations include the Hungarian word elcsángált , meaning ' wandered away ' , or
1599-648: The whole region in 15 towns and in all the neighborhood villages there are Hungarians and Saxons , but most of them don't know how to read, don't even recognize the letters." Munich Codex : Hussite translation of the New Testament to Hungarian dated in the text in 1466 in Moldavia Hungarian edition (text original Old Hungarian with modernized script, foreword, introduction in modern Hungarian, dictionary in German and Hungarian). For centuries,
1640-414: The world wars, Bacău County had a different territorial extent. The county was located in the east central part of Greater Romania , in the center of Moldavia . Its territory included the central part of the current Bacău County. It bordered on the west with the counties of Trei Scaune and Ciuc , in the north with Neamț and Roman counties, in the east with the counties of Tutova and Tecuci , and in
1681-400: Was registered, but in most cases it was ignored. Seeing the possibility of organizing Hungarian courses outside school, they gave up the humiliating process of writing requests without results. The MCSMSZ maintains its standpoint according to which the community should claim their legal rights, but the population is not so determined. Leaders of the school inspectorate in Bacău County, as well as