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150-540: HLN is an American basic cable network. Owned by CNN Worldwide , the network primarily carries true-crime programming, recently drifting away from limited live news programming. The channel was originally launched on January 1, 1982, by Turner Broadcasting as CNN2 (later renamed Headline News or CNN Headline News ), a sister network to CNN that broadcast a looping, half-hour cycle of segments covering various news topics. In 2005, HLN began to diverge from this format and air more personality-based programs, including

300-563: A docusoap following YouTuber Jack Vale , Ali Nejad 's The Social Life , and Keywords , a social media-themed game show hosted by Summer Sanders . HLN also adopted an updated logo, and introduced a new set at Studio 7 of the CNN Center, used by Morning Express and The Daily Share . The new studio had a " coffee house "-styled design with no traditional anchor desk, and a "Social Circle" designed to encourage interaction between hosts and guests. T-Mobile US also signed on to serve as

450-571: A primetime block featuring pundits such as Glenn Beck and legal commentator Nancy Grace . In the mid-2010s, HLN repositioned itself as a social media -centric network, highlighting headlines popular on social networks , and introducing social media-themed shows. Under CNN president Jeff Zucker , the channel began to backpedal on this programming in 2016, gradually shifting to a focus on crime, "regional" headlines, and entertainment stories (in contrast to CNN's current focus on politics) during its daytime programming, with true crime programs. With

600-599: A ticker that appeared at the lower one-third of the screen – except during commercial breaks, which initially showed specific financial data with indexes of the major stock exchanges (including the Dow Jones Industrial Average , NASDAQ and the S&;P 500 ) and quotes for major companies during trading hours, which were updated on a 15-minute delay. In 1992, the channel added the "Headline News SportsTicker", which showed sports scores and schedules for

750-425: A 1994 update to the channel's graphics package that also added weather forecasts for select major U.S. cities to the ticker. At the same time, the network's bug was integrated into the ticker, and thus, the logo was no longer used in the copyright at the end of each broadcast. Like CNN, the parent company Turner Broadcasting System was acquired by Time Warner in 1996. On January 8, 1992, Headline News almost became

900-610: A VHS tape (although some on demand services, generally those offered by broadcast networks, restrict the ability to fast forward through a program). Some of the offerings have a cost similar to renting a movie at a video store while others are free. On-demand content has slowly been replacing traditional pay-per-view for pre-recorded content; pay-per-view remains popular for live combat sports events (boxing, mixed martial arts and professional wrestling). Additional subscription fees are also usually required to receive digital cable channels. Many cable systems operate as de facto monopolies in

1050-449: A body of literature for that particular subject. The terms précis or synopsis are used in some publications to refer to the same thing that other publications might call an "abstract". In management reports, an executive summary usually contains more information (and often more sensitive information) than the abstract does. Academic literature uses the abstract to succinctly communicate complex research. An abstract may act as

1200-517: A broadcasters' convention. In the spring of 1948, Parsons learned that radio station KRSC (now KKNW ) in Seattle – 125 miles away – was going to launch a television station that fall. He found that with a large antenna he could receive KRSC's signal on the roof of the Hotel Astoria and from there he ran coaxial cable across the street to his apartment. When the station (now KING-TV ) went on

1350-407: A complement to the network broadcasts; besides this, it also provided them with an overnight news option during the weekend, when no such option was offered (outside of Nightside during its 1991–98 run). The supplemental broadcast distribution ended following the 2005 introduction of the "Headline Prime" block, forcing many affiliates (including NBC stations that lost a network news option following

1500-530: A decade with the network. It was replaced by a new program, Primetime Justice with Ashleigh Banfield . Erica Hill's new program, On the Story , premiered on October 10, 2016. In January 2017, HLN announced the January 27 premiere of How It Really Happened , a new documentary series hosted by Hill Harper reporting on the "most notorious crimes, mysteries, trials, and celebrity tragedies of our time". The series

1650-536: A few years, only to fail due to the inability to compete against established premium services that had broader distribution and higher subscriber totals. Since cable television channels are not broadcast on public spectrum, they are not subject to FCC regulations on indecent material. Premium networks generally offer broader portrayal of profanity, sex and violence; some premium services–such as Cinemax and The Movie Channel (which have carried such programs as part of their late-night schedules) as well as Playboy TV , one of

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1800-479: A focus on more "mature" and creator-driven series to help attract critical acclaim and key demographic viewership. Turner Classic Movies has aired uncut and commercial-free prints of theatrical films that have featured nudity, sexual content, violence and profanity, as had the now-ad-supported SundanceTV and IFC , the former of which began as a premium service, spun off from Showtime. Commercial-free basic channels have tended to rate their film presentations using

1950-617: A former anchor of CNN's New Day , would host the new Los Angeles-based morning show MichaeLA beginning on July 11, 2016. The new program was positioned as a companion to Morning Express , airing from 10:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. ET (7:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. PT), and promoted as an alternative to network morning shows tape-delayed from airings for the East Coast . On June 30, 2016, Nancy Grace announced that she would end her show and leave HLN in October 2016, after nearly

2100-615: A group of fellow television set retailers in Lansford, Pennsylvania , a town in the same region as Mahanoy City, to offer television signals from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania broadcast stations to homes in Lansford for a fee. The system was featured in stories in The New York Times , Newsweek and The Wall Street Journal . The publicity of this successful early system set off a wave of cable system construction throughout

2250-451: A higher quality picture than their analog counterparts. This is often true, with a dramatic improvement in chroma resolution (120 lines for NTSC versus 270 for digital). However, digital compression has a tendency to soften the quality of the television picture, particularly of channels that are more heavily compressed. Pixelation and other artifacts are often visible. Subscribers wishing to have access to digital cable channels must have

2400-562: A less expensive entry point into the cable marketplace. Some cable/satellite providers might wish to sell channels à la carte, but their contracts with programmers often require the more standardized approach. Starting in the late 1990s, advances in digital signal processing (primarily Motorola's DigiCipher 2 video compression technology in North America) gave rise to wider implementation of digital cable services. Digital cable television provides many more television channels over

2550-401: A local station if the duplication is shown either 15 days before or after its local airing. This 1965 report reasoning is as follows: 1) CATV should carry local stations because CATV supplements, not replaces, local stations; and, the non-carriage of local stations gives distant stations an advantage since people will not change from the cable to the antenna to see a local station; 2) non-carriage

2700-514: A million viewers and was the network's most-watched program of the year. That year, HLN also launched a morning show hosted by Robin Meade , Robin & Company —which was later re-branded as Morning Express in 2007. On December 15, 2008, in conjunction with CNN's own graphics changes, Headline News replaced its news ticker with a "flipper", which featured an RSS feed of the current headlines on its parent network's website, CNN.com. The same day,

2850-562: A mix of per-subscriber carriage fees paid by the provider, and revenue from advertising sold on the service, as their sources of revenue. One of the first "basic cable" networks was TBS —which was initially established as a satellite uplink of an independent television station (the present-day WPCH-TV ) in Atlanta, Georgia. TBS would serve as the starting point for other major basic cable ventures by its owner, Ted Turner , including CNN —the first 24-hour news channel . Another early network

3000-430: A monthly fee depending on the number and perceived quality of the channels offered. Cable television subscribers are offered various packages of channels one can subscribe to. The cost of each package depends on the type of channels offered (basic vs. premium) and the quantity. These fees cover the fees paid to individual cable channels for the right to carry their programming, as well as the cost of operating and maintaining

3150-496: A new square logo with a triangular appendage (making it resemble a speech bubble ) overlaid by an "HLN" acronym was introduced, initially alongside the channel's full name. Two days later, the "Headline News" name was removed from on-air use with the HLN acronym becoming the channel's name full-time, and a new slogan, "News and Views", was introduced. In September 2010, Scott Safon was named as president of HLN, succeeding Ken Jautz (who

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3300-442: A premium service to sample its programming, in an effort for subscribers to the participant provider to consider obtaining a subscription to the offered service to continue viewing it following the preview period. HBO was the first true premium cable (or "pay-cable") network as well as the first television network intended for cable distribution on a regional or national basis; however, there were notable precursors to premium cable in

3450-423: A preview for cable providers that had not yet reached agreements to carry CNN2. Following a preview reel by original CNN anchor Lou Waters and an introduction by founder and then-Turner Broadcasting CEO Ted Turner , Chuck Roberts (who would become the channel's longest-serving news anchor, with a 28-year career with CNN2/Headline News that lasted until his retirement on July 30, 2010) and Denise LeClair anchored

3600-610: A rebranding, adopting a new logo and slogan, "News that hits home". The network began to position its news content towards regional headlines, crime, and entertainment stories — leaving CNN to focus upon "in-depth" political coverage and world affairs. In January 2018, HLN began to reintroduce the Headline News brand during its news programming (although HLN remains the network's primary name), and also introduced Headlines Now —a recap of top stories airing every half-hour during its daytime lineup. In August 2018, S.E. Cupp Unfiltered

3750-400: A scheduled time (this is generally the main place where pornographic content airs on American cable). Some cable systems have begun to offer on-demand programming , where customers can select programs from a list of offerings including recent releases of movies, concerts, sports, first-run television shows and specials and start the program whenever they wish, as if they were watching a DVD or

3900-617: A second signal to two of the towns and add two signals to a previously unserved town. A television station in one town opposed this and protested to the FCC on the grounds of economic damage. A hearing examiner supported Carter Mountain, but the Commission supported the television station. The case was taken to appeal, and the Federal Communications Commission won. "The fact that no broadcaster has actually gone off

4050-541: A secretary of the Federal Communications Commission, sent a letter to Parsons requesting that he "furnish [to] the Commission full information with respect to the nature of the system you may have developed and may be operating." This is the first known involvement of the FCC in CATV. An FCC lawyer, E. Stratford Smith, determined the Commission could exercise common carrier jurisdiction over CATV. The FCC did not act on this opinion, and Smith later changed his mind after working in

4200-431: A significant reduction in subscription fees and advertising revenue, and potentially be driven out of business. Many cable/satellite providers are therefore reluctant to introduce an à la carte business model. They fear it will reduce the overall choice of viewing content, making their service less appealing to customers. Some believe the à la carte option could actually increase overall sales by allowing potential subscribers

4350-553: A simulcast of CNN's early morning programming. The network's schedule outside of that has primarily featured true crime programs as before, in addition to occasional marathons of crime and legal dramas from the Warner Bros. Television library. As of November 2023, HLN is available to approximately 68,000,000 pay television households in the United States-down from its 2011 peak of 100,000,000 households. Since

4500-453: A small number of national cable networks in their basic lineups. Most systems differentiate between basic cable, which has locals, home shopping channels and local-access television channels, and expanded basic (or "standard"), which carries most of the better-known national cable networks. Most basic cable lineups have approximately 20 channels overall, while expanded basic has channel capacity for as many as 70 channels. Under U.S. regulations,

4650-503: A special cable converter box , (or, more recently, a "Digital Cable Ready" television) and a CableCARD to receive them. AllVid is a CableCARD replacement proposed by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC), U.S.A Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), intended to provide bidirectional compatibilities such as interactive programming guides, video-on-demand and pay-per-view, since retail CableCARD-ready devices are unable to access such systems. Cable television systems impose

HLN (TV network) - Misplaced Pages Continue

4800-472: A sponsor for The Daily Share , allowing on-set branding and sponsored segments during the program. In late-May 2015, The Daily Share was cut from five hours to two, with the remainder of its timeslot filled by CNN original series and specials, followed by next-day encores of Nancy Grace and Dr. Drew On Call . On November 24, 2015, CNN Worldwide president Jeff Zucker announced, in a memo to network staff, that Hecht would depart HLN; Ken Jautz, who oversaw

4950-489: A stand-alone entity instead of a full paper. As such, an abstract is used by many organizations as the basis for selecting research that is proposed for presentation in the form of a poster, platform/oral presentation or workshop presentation at an academic conference . Most bibliographic databases only index abstracts rather than providing the entire text of the paper. Full texts of scientific papers must often be purchased because of copyright and/or publisher fees and therefore

5100-522: A stand-in evening network newscast), though a few public television stations (such as PBS member WTTW in Chicago ) carried blocks of its newscasts into the late 1980s. WTBS, initially to encourage its national viewers to ask their local cable provider to carry the network full-time, aired a half-hour simulcast of Headline News each morning at 5:30 a.m. ET from the latter's inception until 1996 (a separate simulcast aired locally at 6:00 a.m. in

5250-465: A third of the total real estate. My 27-inch set shrinks, in effect, to a 14-incher when tuned to Headline News. Never mind the old-school problem of trying to spot the hockey puck; people with smaller sets watching sports highlights here will have trouble finding a basketball." In February 2005, the network launched a new primetime block known as Headline Prime ; the block was designed to feature opinion-driven and personality-based programs (in contrast to

5400-523: Is "inherently contrary to the public interest"; and, 3) CATV duplication of local programming via distant signals is unfair since broadcasters and CATV do not compete for programs on an equal footing; the FCC recommended "a reasonable measure of exclusivity". The 1966 Second Report and Order made some minor changes in the First Report and Order and added a major regulation. This was designed to protect UHF stations in large cities. The new rule disallowed

5550-474: Is a brief summary of a research article, thesis , review, conference proceeding , or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper's purpose. When used, an abstract always appears at the beginning of a manuscript or typescript, acting as the point-of-entry for any given academic paper or patent application . Abstracting and indexing services for various academic disciplines are aimed at compiling

5700-584: Is claimed that the first cable television system in the United States was created in 1948 in Mahanoy City, Pennsylvania by John Walson to provide television signals to people whose reception was poor because of tall mountains and buildings blocking TV signals. Mahanoy City was ideally suited for CATV services, since broadcast television signals could easily be received via mountaintop antennas and retransmitted by "twin-lead" or "ladder-lead" cable to

5850-522: Is generally agreed that one must not base reference citations on the abstract alone, but the content of an entire paper. This is because abstracts may not be fully representative of the full report or article. Therefore, basing reference citations solely on the information present in the abstract could be misleading. According to the results of a study published in PLOS Medicine , the "exaggerated and inappropriate coverage of research findings in

6000-679: Is not clear how this might affect subscription costs over all, but it would allow a parent to censor their child's viewing habits by removing any channel they deem objectionable from their subscription. Offering such individualized subscriptions would have been relatively complicated and labor-intensive using analog cable, but the widespread adoption of digital cable & IPTV technologies have now made it more feasible. Analog technology allowed cable providers to offer standardized subscription packages using low-pass filters and notch filters . A low-pass filter lets lower frequency signals pass while removing higher frequency signals. Using such filtering,

6150-406: Is often expected to tell a complete story of the paper, as for most readers, abstract is the only part of the paper that will be read. It should allow the reader to give an elevator pitch of the full paper. An academic abstract typically outlines four elements relevant to the completed work: It may also contain brief references, although some publications' standard style omits references from

HLN (TV network) - Misplaced Pages Continue

6300-405: Is still available as a free podcast on CNN's website and iTunes . On December 16, 2016, the program was renamed CNN 10 . Due to the channel's tradition of airing rolling news coverage, HLN had become popular with people who may not have time to watch lengthy news reports, and as a fast source of news for public locations like airports , bars , and many other places. Supermarkets that carried

6450-550: The Federal Communications Commission , traditional cable television subscriptions in the US peaked around the year 2000, at 68.5 million total subscriptions. Since then, cable subscriptions have been in slow decline, dropping to 54.4 million subscribers by December 2013. Some telephone service providers have started offering television, reaching to 11.3 million video subscribers as of December 2013. It

6600-633: The MDU market, in which relationships are established with landlords, sometimes with contracts and exclusivity agreements for the buildings, sometimes to the anger of tenants. The rise of direct broadcast satellite systems providing the same type of programming using small satellite receivers, and of Verizon FiOS and other recent ventures by incumbent local exchange carriers such as U-verse , have also provided competition to incumbent cable television systems. Many cable channels charge cable providers "subscriber fees," in order to carry their content. The fee that

6750-473: The NewsWatch segments as well as daily Headline News simulcasts were phased out on TBS's local and national feeds in 1996 after the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) relaxed regulatory requirements on public affairs programming. Jon Petrovich was hired in the mid-1980s by Turner to lead Headline News. In 1990, Headline News developed Local Edition , a six-minute-long local newscast, whose content

6900-590: The TV Parental Guidelines , instead of the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) ratings system . Since the early 21st century, some have advocated for laws that would require cable providers to offer their subscribers their own " à la carte " choice of channels. Unlike the standardized subscription packages being offered currently, an à la carte model requires the customer to subscribe to each channel individually. It

7050-725: The Tebtunis papyri found in the Ancient Egyptian town of Tebtunis contain abstracts of legal documents. During the Middle Ages , the pages of scholarly texts contained summaries of their contents as marginalia , as did some manuscripts of the Code of Justinian . The use of abstracts to summarise science originates in the early 1800s, when the secretary of the Royal Society would record brief summaries of talks into

7200-607: The Thanksgiving holiday weekend, marking the first time HLN had aired a scripted television series. The network has also, in recent years, served as an additional outlet for TNT Sports broadcasts, including joining its sister channels in simulcasting Turner's golf event franchise The Match , and serving as an overflow channel in the event of conflicts with TBS, TNT, and TruTV . At 4:00 a.m. ET on weekdays, HLN used to broadcast CNN Student News (formerly known as CNN Newsroom from its 1989 debut, not to be confused with

7350-492: The complete abstract , is a compendious summary of a paper's substance and its background, purpose, methodology, results, and conclusion. Usually between 100 and 200 words, the informative abstract summarizes the paper's structure, its major topics and key points. A format for scientific short reports that is similar to an informative abstract has been proposed in recent years. Informative abstracts may be viewed as standalone documents. The descriptive abstract , also known as

7500-503: The limited abstract or the indicative abstract , provides a description of what the paper covers without delving into its substance. A descriptive abstract is akin to a table of contents in paragraph form. During the late 2000s, due to the influence of computer storage and retrieval systems such as the Internet , some scientific publications, primarily those published by Elsevier , started including graphical abstracts alongside

7650-408: The minutes of each meeting, which were referred to as 'abstracts'. The Royal Society abstracts from 1800 – 1837 were later collated and published in the society's journal Philosophical Transactions , with the first group appearing in 1832. These abstracts were generally one or more pages long. Other learned societies adopted similar practices. The Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) may have been

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7800-528: The " Big Three " networks launched their own overnight news programs— Nightside on NBC, World News Now on ABC, and Up to the Minute on CBS—over the course of the 1991–92 season in the wake of the Gulf War (which they developed coincidentally to compete with CNN, which was lauded for its round-the-clock war coverage in early 1991), Headline News programming continued to air on many of their affiliates as

7950-438: The " hard news " programming of CNN), which network executive Ken Jautz described as a shift to "news to views". Its launch lineup featured Prime News Tonight , the entertainment news program Showbiz Tonight with A. J. Hammer , and an eponymous current affairs program hosted by legal commentator Nancy Grace , which featured news and analysis related to crime and court cases. Noam Cohen of The New York Times described

8100-465: The 2022 merger of CNN parent WarnerMedia and Discovery Inc. to form Warner Bros. Discovery , HLN became a sister to Discovery's true-crime channel Investigation Discovery (ID). In December 2022, then-new CNN president Chris Licht announced that HLN would abandon original live news programming entirely as part of a reorganization, with the network now being overseen by ID's staff. For contractual reasons, HLN continues to air news content daily through

8250-679: The Anthony case from a routine local murder into a national obsession". HLN subsequently devoted a significant amount of coverage to the murder trial against Caylee's mother Casey Anthony—whom Grace referred to as the "tot mom" on-air—including live gavel-to-gavel coverage, followed by continued coverage and commentary during primetime programs such as Nancy Grace . HLN reached an average audience of 982,000 viewers in June 2011, and Nancy Grace experienced an 80% increase in viewership—second only to The O'Reilly Factor on Fox News in its time slot. During

8400-440: The Atlanta market). Abbreviated Headline News broadcasts would also occasionally serve as filler (bookended by the NewsWatch intro and outro) before the start of movie presentations or live sporting events. ( WPCH-TV , which fully separated its Atlanta signal from the national TBS feed in October 2007, aired a simulcast of the first hour of Morning Express daily at 6:00 a.m. until Meredith Corporation —which had been managing

8550-728: The CNN mobile app for subscribers on participating television providers. From its inception, Turner Broadcasting had syndicated portions of CNN2/Headline News's schedule to local television stations throughout the country—typically in half-hour or hour-long blocks—for broadcast in various timeslots of their choice (usually in morning, daytime or late access slots during the network's early years). Most of them were commercial outlets, including both major network affiliates and independent stations (some like WSVN in Miami , following its January 1989 affiliation switch from NBC to Fox , even carried it as

8700-590: The FCC to exercise common carrier authority over 288 CATV systems in 36 states. The broadcasters maintained that CATV went against the FCC's Sixth Report and Order, which advocated at least one television station in every community. In 1958, the FCC decided that CATV was not really a common carrier since the subscriber did not determine the programming. Carter Mountain Transmission Corp., a common carrier that already transmitted television signals by microwave to CATV systems in several Wyoming towns, wanted to add

8850-489: The HLN simulcast) were discontinued on April 1, 2012, as part of Westwood One's dissolution into Dial Global . HLN's audio feed was carried on XM Satellite Radio channel 123 and Sirius Satellite Radio channel 116. Since the merger of both entities as Sirius XM , it is now carried on channel 117. As of February 2019, the audio simulcast is also distributed on Entercom 's Radio.com (now Audacy ) website and app. On July 18, 2011, HLN launched TV Everywhere streaming through

9000-481: The September 1998 cancellation of Nightside ) to fill airtime previously reserved for Headline News broadcasts with syndicated and paid programming. Until 1995, much of Headline News' programming was simulcast on sister channel CNN International; the channel's news ticker was not displayed on CNN International during its simulcasts of Headline News programming. Basic cable According to reports released by

9150-466: The Story and other live programming such as True Crime Live had been cancelled, leaving only one news program each day – Morning Express on weekdays, and Weekend Express on Saturday and Sunday mornings – which were followed by true crime documentaries such as Forensic Files for the remainder of the broadcast day. On December 1, 2022, as part of cost-cutting measures imposed by new owner Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD)—formed earlier that year with

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9300-451: The United States in its first 24 years was used almost exclusively to relay terrestrial commercial television stations to remote and inaccessible areas. It also became popular in other areas in which mountainous terrain caused poor reception over the air. Original programming over cable came in 1972 with deregulation of the industry. During the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)'s freeze on television licenses from 1948 to 1952 ,

9450-483: The United States that would have determined the role of the FCC in CATV policy. Chief architect of some of these bills was attorney Yolanda G. Barco . She was one of the first female executives in cable, described as the "principal attorney for cable television interests during the industry's formative years". The 1959 bill, which made it to the floor of the Senate, would have limited FCC jurisdiction to CATV systems within

9600-489: The United States, and Tarlton himself became a highly sought-after consultant. Tarlton used equipment manufactured by a new company, Jerrold Electronics . After seeing the success of the Tarlton system in 1950, Jerrold president (and future Pennsylvania governor) Milton Shapp reorganized his company to build equipment for the now-growing cable industry. In 1952, Tarlton went to work for Jerrold, helping to construct most of

9750-438: The United States. While exclusive franchises are currently prohibited by federal law, and relatively few franchises were ever expressly exclusive, frequently only one cable company offers cable service in a given community. Overbuilders in the U.S., other than telephone companies with existing infrastructure, have traditionally had severe difficulty in financial and market penetration numbers. Overbuilders have had some success in

9900-534: The abstract as an abstract and not about the work it summarizes: for instance, if you are writing about different styles of writing abstracts used in the sciences and humanities." The history of abstracting dates back to the point when it was felt necessary to summarise the content of documents in order to make the information contained in them more accessible. In Mesopotamia during the early second millennium BCE, clay envelopes designed to protect enclosed cuneiform documents from tampering were inscribed either with

10050-423: The abstract is a significant selling point for the reprint or electronic form of the full text. The abstract can convey the main results and conclusions of a scientific article but the full text article must be consulted for details of the methodology, the full experimental results, and a critical discussion of the interpretations and conclusions. Abstracts are occasionally inconsistent with full reports. This has

10200-488: The abstract, reserving them for the article body (which, by definition, treats the same topics but in more depth). Abstract length varies by discipline and publisher requirements. Typical length ranges from 100 to 500 words, but very rarely more than a page and occasionally just a few words. An abstract may or may not have the section title of "abstract" explicitly listed as an antecedent to content. Sometimes, abstracts are sectioned logically as an overview of what appears in

10350-487: The accuracy of information reported in a journal abstract with that reported in the text of the full publication have found claims that are inconsistent with, or missing from, the body of the full article." According to the Modern Language Association , there are almost no circumstances in which it is acceptable to cite an abstract: "It only makes sense to cite an abstract if you are writing about

10500-572: The air due to CATV competition at the time the government moved to expand its authority (nor have any since) did not stay the momentum for the expansion of regulatory authority. That some economic impact was merely plausible sufficed as the basis for government concern and government action". The FCC overruled a hearing examiner in favor of broadcasters again in the "San Diego Case". The CATV systems in San Diego, California wanted to import stations from Los Angeles, some of which could be seen in San Diego;

10650-456: The air in November 1948, Parsons was the only one in town able to see television. According to MSNBC 's Bob Sullivan, Parsons charged a $ 125 one-time set-up fee and a $ 3 a month service fee. In May 1968, Parsons was acknowledged as the father of community antenna television. In 1950, Robert Tarlton developed the first commercial cable television system in the United States. Tarlton organized

10800-400: The air was renamed Headline News , though the network would be referred to on-air as "CNN Headline News" for much of the mid-1980s. (Beginning around 1988, some newspapers began referring to the channel as "HLN Headline News.") By 1992, the channel was often abbreviated as "HN" (the channel would later incorporate a die-cut "HN" block design within the original variant of its third logo when it

10950-438: The authors to easily explain their papers. Many scientific publishers currently encourage authors to supplement their articles with graphical abstracts, in the hope that such a convenient visual summary will facilitate readers with a clearer outline of papers that are of interest and will result in improved overall visibility of the respective publication. However, the validity of this assumption has not been thoroughly studied, and

11100-682: The cable industry for some time. Further, Smith's decision was influenced by his experiences testifying several times in United States Senate committee hearings. Senator, and future FCC commissioner, Kenneth A. Cox attended and participated in these hearings. He prepared a report for the Senate Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce against CATV and supporting the FCC policy of a television station in every community. In 1959 and 1961, bills were introduced in Congress of

11250-440: The cable provider offered "economy basic" subscriptions (local channels only; these appear at the lowest frequency signals, denoted by the lowest channel numbers) and "basic" subscriptions (local channels plus a handful of national channels with frequencies just higher than the local stations). Notch filters were used to filter out a "notch" of channels from an analog cable signal (for example, channels 45-50 could be "notched" out and

11400-465: The cable service provider must pay to a cable television channel can vary depending on whether it is a basic or premium channel and the perceived popularity of that channel. Because cable service providers are not required to carry all cable channels, they may negotiate the fee they will pay for carrying a channel. Typically, more popular cable channels command higher fees. For example, ESPN typically charges $ 10 per month for its suite of networks ($ 7 for

11550-420: The cable television system so that their signals can reach subscribers' homes. Additional cable television franchise fees and taxes are often tacked on by local, state, and federal governments. Most cable systems divide their channel lineups ("tiers") into three or four basic channel packages. A must-carry rule requires all cable television systems to carry all full-power local commercial broadcast stations in

11700-405: The change, two new slogans were introduced: Get To The Point News and 24 Hour Nonstop Headlines (the latter frequently used in ident bumpers). On August 6, 2001, CNN Headline News unveiled a revamp of the network's on-air format, promoted with a new slogan, Real news, real fast . The centerpiece of the new format was the replacement of the network's ticker with a large pane across the bottom of

11850-496: The channel began simulcasting CNN This Morning daily during part of the previous Morning Express and Weekend Express timeslots, transitioning to the morning edition of CNN News Central as of February 26, 2024; one observer has indicated that HLN is still required to carry some news programming in order to fulfill contracts with cable providers. True crime documentary programs—primarily Forensic Files , though initially including original episodes of series commissioned prior to

12000-411: The channel is a simulcast of the morning edition of CNN News Central , intended primarily to satisfy carriage agreements requiring a quota of live news programming on the channel. HLN's remaining dayparts primarily feature a focus on true crime programming. The network has extensively aired reruns of the former Court TV series Forensic Files ; as of April 2016, the program took up about 58% of

12150-441: The channel's first newscast. Originally, the channel's programming was formatted around the idea that a viewer could tune in at any time of day or night (instead of having to wait for the once- or twice-daily national news segments in local newscasts, or morning or evening network news programs), and receive up-to-date information on the top national and international stories in just 30 minutes. This "Headline News Wheel" format—which

12300-704: The channel's overnight programming, in lieu of scheduling syndicated entertainment programs, movies or infomercials to fill their previous nightly sign-off periods. Headline News had gained competition in that market during that approximate timeframe through the November 1989 launch of All News Channel , a hybrid syndicated news service and satellite television network (operated by the Hubbard Broadcasting – Viacom joint venture CONUS Communications) that also began syndicating its programming feed to stations seeking to fill local airtime in overnight time periods as well as other dayparts. In later years, even after

12450-456: The channel's weekly schedule. In March 2017, HLN executive Ken Jautz stated that the network was making an effort to produce more original series; some of the new series that were slated to premiere in 2017, including Beyond Reasonable Doubt , Something's Killing Me , Inside with Chris Cuomo (which premiered October 20), and the second season of How It Really Happened (whose first season premiered January 27, 2017), were designed to complement

12600-516: The common practice of regularly paying to see films. The possibility of turning free television viewers into paid television viewers was discussed early on. For example, after 25 million American televisions tuned to a musical version of Cinderella in 1957, executives calculated that had the network received 25¢ for each television tuned to the show, it would have earned more than $ 6 million without distribution costs. However, due to many legal, regulatory and technological obstacles, cable television in

12750-488: The company to take over and relaunch HLN. Time Warner abandoned the deal in August, and Vice subsequently partnered with A&E Networks to launch Viceland in 2016. These plans culminated on January 13, 2015, when HLN underwent a major revamp in its programming and on-air presentation; the network introduced several new social media-themed programs, including the new afternoon block The Daily Share , Jack Vale: Offline –

12900-632: The contours (or the broadcast range) of a single station; however, the bill was defeated. The 1961 bill proposed by the FCC would have given the Commission authority over CATV as CATV, and not as a common carrier or broadcaster. The Commission could then adopt rules and regulations "in the public interest" to govern CATV in any area covered both by CATV and broadcast television. No action was ever taken on this bill. More important than Congressional action in determining Federal Communications Commission CATV policy were court cases and FCC hearings. In Frontier Broadcasting Co. v. Collier , broadcasters tried to compel

13050-459: The counties of Schuylkill and Carbon in the anthracite coal region, had several of the earliest CATV systems, there were other CATV entrepreneurs scattered throughout the United States. One was James Y. Davidson of Tuckerman, Arkansas . Davidson was the local movie theater manager and ran a radio repair business on the side. In 1949, he set up a cable system to bring the signal of a newly launched Memphis, Tennessee station to his community, which

13200-517: The current CNN program of the same name), a 10-minute news program designed for broadcast in schools that is produced as part of the Cable in the Classroom initiative; the program is anchored by Carl Azuz, with reports on the day's news presented in a simplified format (and with stories featuring graphic imagery or adult themes usually left out from the program). It no longer airs on HLN as of 2014, but

13350-685: The customer their choice of channels à la carte has become more cost-effective with the advent of digital cable, because a digital set-top converter box can be programmed remotely. IPTV (i.e., delivering TV channels over an internet or IP-based network) is even less labor-intensive, delivering channels to the consumer automatically. Currently, digital cable and satellite delivery systems with standardized subscriptions are providing an opportunity for networks that service niche and minority audiences to reach millions of households, and potentially, millions of viewers. Since à la carte could force each channel to be sold individually, such networks worry they could face

13500-544: The date was later suspended. In 1972, Dean Burch steered the FCC into a new area of regulation. It lifted its restrictions on CATV in large cities, but now put the burden of more local programming on CATV operators. In 1976, the FCC used its rule-making power to require that new systems now had to have 20 channels, and that cable providers with systems of 3,500 subscribers or more had to provide Public, educational, and government access (PEG) services with facilities and equipment necessary to use this channel capacity . During

13650-414: The day's upcoming games, creating the first continuous news ticker on television. The redesign resulted in video of the rolling newscasts becoming pillarboxed with blue bars on the left and right wings of the screen (matching the ticker's original coloring), before it returned to a full-screen format, with the ticker becoming a translucent black background overlaid on the lower third of the video, as part of

13800-402: The demand for television increased. Since new television station licenses were not being issued, the only way the demand was met, even in communities with one or more operating broadcast stations, was by Community Antenna Television (CATV) , as early cable was known (so named because of the literal sharing of a very large receiving antenna by an entire community). On August 1, 1949, T.J. Slowie,

13950-412: The designated television market on their lineups, unless those stations opt to invoke retransmission consent and demand compensation, in which case the cable provider can decline to carry the channel (especially if the provider feels that the rate of carrying an existing service would result in an increase of the average price of a tier to levels to which it could result in a subscriber possibly dropping

14100-461: The discontinued CNN Checkout Channel service were offered a feed of Headline News to broadcast on its televisions. The channel's program audio was also simulcast on AM radio stations across the country via Westwood One , including a station in Atlanta which was not owned by Turner, WCNN (today a sports talk station with the same call letters), which broadcast from CNN Center with local contributions; all of CNN's U.S. radio operations (including

14250-553: The early 1980s, various live local programs with local interests were rapidly being created all over the United States in most major television markets . Before there was public access TV , one of Time Inc.'s pioneering stations was in Columbus, Ohio , where Richard Sillman became the nation's youngest cable television director at age 16. Cable television programming is often divided between basic and premium television. Basic cable networks are generally those with wide carriage on

14400-463: The film Glory under the banner News and a Movie , which was accompanied by panel discussions on the film's cultural relevance in the present day. Alongside TruTV , HLN also aired encores of special episodes of TBS's late night talk show Conan set in Cuba and Armenia . In November 2022, HLN aired a marathon of the first four seasons of Warner Bros.-produced political drama The West Wing over

14550-661: The first adult-oriented premium cable services–have even offered softcore pornography as part of their programming inventory. While there are no FCC rules that apply to content on basic cable networks, many self-regulate their program content due to demographic targeting, or because of viewer and advertiser expectations, particularly with regard to profane language and nudity. In recent years, however, some networks have become more lenient towards content aired during late-primetime and late-night hours. In addition, some channels, such as FX , have positioned themselves with an original programming direction more akin to premium services, with

14700-640: The first cable network to be delivered nationwide by satellite transmission. Although such conversions are rare, some present-day basic cable channels have originated as premium services, including the Disney Channel (from 1983 to 1997), AMC (from 1984 to 1988), and Bravo (from 1982 to 1994); some of these services eventually switched to an advertiser-supported model after transitioning to an unencrypted structure. Other fledgling premium services (such as early HBO spin-off efforts Take 2 and Festival , Home Theater Network and Spotlight ) have lasted for

14850-577: The first to publish its abstracts: the Monthly Notices of the RAS launched in 1827, containing (among other things) abstracts of talks given at their monthly meetings; the full papers were published months or years later in the Memoirs of the RAS . The RAS abstracts were between one and three paragraphs long. In both cases, these early abstracts were written by the learned society, not the author of

15000-516: The full text of the document or a summary. In the Greco-Roman world , many texts were abstracted: summaries of non-fiction works were known as epitomes , and in many cases the only information about works which have not survived to modernity comes from their epitomes which have survived. Similarly, the text of many ancient Greek and Roman plays commenced with a hypothesis which summed up the play's plot. Non-literary documents were also abstracted:

15150-628: The graphics and segment introductions): First Watch (from 6:00 a.m.-12 midday Eastern Time, colored yellow), Second Watch (12 midday - 6:00 p.m. ET, colored red), Third Watch (6:00 p.m.-12 midnight ET, colored green), and Late Watch (12 midnight - 6:00 a.m. ET, colored blue). Additional segments were also added prior to commercial breaks: Best Bets On... , which provided top picks in categories such as films (with information supplied by publications owned by then-sister company Time Inc. ), and Week-At-A-Glance , which provided summaries of important events occurring that week. To promote

15300-479: The importation of distant signals into the top 100 markets, thus making CATV at that time profitable only in cities with poor reception. In 1968, the Supreme Court upheld the FCC's right to make rules and regulations concerning CATV. In its decision on United States v. Southwestern Cable , the "San Diego Case", it said "the Commission's authority over 'all interstate ... communications by wire or radio' permits

15450-487: The information into a centralized computer used by both CNN and Headline News, and it nearly got out on the air before it could be verified. Smith was subsequently questioned by the Secret Service and hospitalized at a private medical facility for evaluation. In 1992, Headline News pioneered the use of a digital video " jukebox " to recycle segments of one newscast seamlessly into another. The new technology reduced

15600-404: The lowest service tiers of multichannel television providers. In the era of analog cable television, these channels were typically transmitted without any encryption or other scrambling methods. These networks can vary in format, ranging from those targeting mainstream audiences, to specialty networks that are focused on specific genres , demographics , or niches. Basic cable networks depend on

15750-400: The main channel alone), by far the highest of any non-premium American cable channel, comparable to the premium channels, and rising rapidly. Other widely viewed cable channels have been able to command fees of over 50 cents per subscriber per month; channels can vary widely in fees depending on if they are included in package deals with other channels. Abstract (summary) An abstract

15900-582: The major systems built by that company in the 1950s. Tarlton was also responsible for training many of the major operators of cable systems in the 1950s. In 2003, Tarlton was inducted in the Cable Television Hall of Fame for his work building the first widely publicized cable television company in America. The rise of free broadcast television during the 1950s greatly threatened the established entertainment industry by offering an alternative to

16050-491: The merger of previous owner WarnerMedia with Discovery, Inc. —new CNN president Chris Licht announced that HLN would no longer produce original live news programming effective December 6, and that HLN would merge its operations with sister channel Investigation Discovery under Warner Bros. Discovery U.S. Networks head Kathleen Finch. Licht stated that the company was aiming to direct its resources towards CNN's "core news programming and products" going forward. On December 6,

16200-540: The mid-2000s, HLN has been available internationally on pay television providers in parts of Asia, the Caribbean, Latin America, the Middle East, North Africa, and Canada. The channel was launched at midnight Eastern Time on January 1, 1982, as CNN2 . The channel's launch was simulcast nationwide on sister networks CNN and Superstation WTBS (now simply TBS ), starting at 11:45 p.m. on December 31, 1981, as

16350-434: The month of October 2011. Albie Hecht joined HLN as Executive Vice President and GM in September 2013. In November 2013, consumer advocate Clark Howard ended his five-year relationship with HLN, including his appearances on Morning Express with Robin Meade and Evening Express as well as his own eponymous weekend afternoon program. The move came in response to planned changes occurring at HLN, which sought to re-position

16500-490: The morning and early-afternoon hours. The final original news programs that aired under this format were Morning Express , a morning news program hosted by Robin Meade with co-anchors Bob Van Dillen , Jennifer Westhoven and Hines Ward , and Saturday and Sunday equivalent Weekend Express , hosted by Susan Hendricks , both of which were canceled in December 2022. As of this time, the only remaining live news program on

16650-456: The network as its president prior to Hecht's appointment in 2013, would head the network in the interim. The memo outlined plans to restructure its daytime and overnight programming to more closely resemble CNN, including a focus on documentary films. In June 2016, HLN announced that Erica Hill would re-join the network to host a new, afternoon program from New York later in the year. Later that month, HLN also announced that Michaela Pereira ,

16800-487: The network as the "first TV home for the social media generation." Throughout 2014, HLN's news content began to skew towards millennials , with an increasing focus on content popular on social networks alongside major headlines. For a period, HLN also aired RightThisMinute , a syndicated program focusing on viral videos . In June 2014, Time Warner made a bid to acquire a stake in Vice Media , with an intent for

16950-506: The network underwent a complete visual revamp, including an updated ticker (now dubbed the "Superticker"), a brand-new newsroom and studio, and a sectioning of the channel's schedule into four distinct dayparts, to convey the idea that, unlike CNN, which aired long-form programming such as discussion shows and documentaries, Headline News never stopped offering straight news coverage. The daypart blocks each ran for six hours and utilized their own special branding and color-coding (which extended to

17100-530: The new format received mixed reviews, with critics arguing that the new screen format conveyed too much information at once , distracting viewers from its main video programming. Critics also drew comparisons to financial news channels, as well as a similar increase in on-screen information announced by sports news service ESPNews . Steve Johnson of the Chicago Tribune explained that "the video portion of Headline News' subdivided screen occupies only about

17250-442: The new lineup as being reminiscent of Fox News Channel . In May 2006, Headline Prime added an eponymous program hosted by conservative talk radio host Glenn Beck . Both Nancy Grace and Glenn Beck brought major ratings gains to Headline News, especially within the key demographics , although its daytime programming only saw modest increases. Exposed: The Extremist Agenda , a Glenn Beck special aired in November 2006, broke

17400-502: The news media" is ultimately related to inaccurately reporting or over-interpreting research results in many abstract conclusions. A study published in JAMA concluded that "inconsistencies in data between abstract and body and reporting of data and other information solely in the abstract are relatively common and that a simple educational intervention directed to the author is ineffective in reducing that frequency." Other "studies comparing

17550-500: The number of staffers needed by enabling news segments to be re-used throughout an entire day (previously, anchors read the same stories repeatedly, hour after hour, with the second 15 minutes of each half-hour in the "wheel" being broadcast on videotape every third and fourth hour). This resulted in the layoffs of part of its staff, including such stalwart anchors as Lyn Vaughn , David Goodnow and Bob Losure , all of whom had been with Headline News for over 10 years. On June 15, 1999,

17700-462: The option of pre-empting it with a local headline "capsule" from an associated regional cable news channel or a local television station . Another regular feature, the " Hollywood Minute", was often fitted-in after the "Headline Sports" segment. In the channel's early years, a two-minute recap of the hour's top stories, the "CNN Headlines," would run after the sports segment. On August 9, 1982, what had been called "CNN2" for its first eight months on

17850-467: The paper, with any of the following subheadings: Background, Introduction , Objectives , Methods , Results, Discussion, Conclusions. Abstracts in which these subheadings are explicitly given are often called structured abstracts . Abstracts that comprise one paragraph (no explicit subheadings) are often called unstructured abstracts . Abstracts are important enough that IMRAD is even sometimes recast as AIMRAD . The informative abstract , also known as

18000-686: The paper. Perhaps the earliest example of an abstract published alongside the paper it summarises was the 1919 paper On the Irregularities of Motion of the Foucault Pendulum published in the Physical Review of the American Physical Society , which often published abstracts thereafter. Abstracts are protected under copyright law just as any other form of written speech is protected. Abstract

18150-798: The pay-television industry that operated during the 1950s and 1960s (with a few systems lingering until 1980), as well as some attempts by free-to-air broadcasters during the 1970s and 1980s that ultimately folded as their subscriber bases declined amid viewer shifts to receiving premium television content delivered by cable providers that had begun operating in metropolitan areas throughout that period. In its infancy, following its launch over Service Electric Cable 's Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania , system on November 8, 1972, HBO had been quietly providing pay programming to CATV systems in Pennsylvania and New York , using microwave technology to transmit its programming to cable and MMDS providers. In 1975, HBO became

18300-490: The popularity of Forensic Files and other true crime programs, as well as HLN's renewed focus on crime coverage as part of its news programming. After airing new episodes in simulcast with CNN in 2016, The Hunt with John Walsh moved to HLN for its fourth season. In February 2020, HLN premiered Forensic Files II , a revival of Forensic Files . HLN has occasionally experimented with entertainment programming carrying news and political themes; on February 12, 2015, HLN aired

18450-411: The potential to mislead clinicians who rely solely on the information present in the abstract without consulting the full report. An abstract allows one to sift through copious numbers of papers for ones in which the researcher can have more confidence that they will be relevant to their research. Once papers are chosen based on the abstract, they must be read carefully to be evaluated for relevance. It

18600-461: The power to regulate CATV. This Report and Order was designed to protect television stations in small towns. It did this by imposing two rules, which slightly altered form: one requires that a CATV system carry all local stations in which the CATV system is in the A- (best reception) contour of the station. The second prohibits the importation of programs from a non-local station that duplicates programming on

18750-591: The price of basic cable can be regulated by local authorities as part of their franchise agreements . Standard, or expanded basic, cable is not subject to price controls. In addition to the basic cable packages, all systems offer premium channel add-on packages offering either just one premium network (for example, HBO) or several premium networks for one price (for example, HBO and Showtime together). Finally, most cable systems offer pay-per-view channels where users can watch individual movies, live events, sports and other programs for an additional fee for single viewing at

18900-432: The reading of the verdict on July 5, 2011, HLN achieved a record-high peak audience of 5.2 million viewers, while Nancy Grace achieved a record-high 2.9 million viewers, beating other basic cable news channels (including Fox News) in the 8 p.m. hour. HLN executive vice president Scot Safon called the trial "a gigantic deal" for the network. Later that year, HLN provided similar coverage for the trial of Conrad Murray , who

19050-543: The regulation of CATV systems." Carriage refers to the agreement under which a cable provider rebroadcasts a television channel on its network. The Federal Communications Commission puts various requirements on these agreements, which may include channels cable providers are required to carry, and moderates disputes over the fees and conditions of any particular agreement. In 1969, the FCC issued rules requiring all CATV systems with over 3,500 subscribers to have facilities for local origination of programming by April 1, 1971;

19200-539: The restructuring such as Real Life Nightmare —air throughout the rest of the day, along with marathons of Warner Bros. Television drama series on weekends to promote their availability on the Max streaming service . Some analysts have suggested that this may be just a transitional move towards WBD using the channel space for a different format entirely. Prior to its reformulation as a true crime channel, HLN's weekday lineup consisted primarily of rolling news programming during

19350-407: The same available bandwidth , by converting cable channels to a digital signal and then compressing the signal. Currently, most systems offer a hybrid analog/digital cable system. This means they offer a certain number of analog channels via their basic cable service with additional channels being made available via their digital cable service. Digital cable channels are touted as being able to offer

19500-587: The screen, which displayed headlines and other information (such as weather updates and sports news). The network also introduced another new studio and multi-anchor format, and announced plans to add more live rolling news coverage. CNN described the new design as being inspired by the internet , in an attempt to appeal to younger viewers; the Chicago Tribune noted that the channel's viewership had been dropping, and skewing towards viewers over 50, which are not desirable to most advertisers. Upon its launch,

19650-762: The service). Cable television systems are also required to offer a subscription package that provides these broadcast channels at a lower rate than the standard subscription rate. The basic programming package offered by cable television systems is usually known as "basic cable" and provides access to a large number of cable television channels, as well as broadcast television networks (e.g., ABC , CBS , NBC , Fox , The CW , MyNetworkTV , Telemundo , Univision , UniMás , PBS ), public, educational, and government access channels, free or low-cost public service channels such as C-SPAN and NASA TV , and several channels devoted to infomercials , brokered televangelism and home shopping to defray costs. Some providers may provide

19800-454: The station alongside CBS-affiliated sister WGCL-TV (now WANF ) since 2011—completed its purchase of WPCH from Turner/Time Warner in 2017, replacing it with a simulcast of WGCL's local morning newscast.) The early 1990s saw the culmination of Headline News' supplemental syndication model as many commercial stations (particularly affiliates of ABC, NBC and CBS ) that were transitioning over to instituting 24-hour broadcasts began taking feeds of

19950-647: The subscriber still receives channels below 45 and above 50). This allowed cable providers to open standardized ranges of premium channels to the subscriber, but notch filtering was not a feasible way to offer each subscriber their own individual choice of channels. To offer "à la carte" service using an analog signal, a cable provider would most likely have to scramble every channel and send a technician to each subscriber's home to unscramble their choice of channels on their set-top box. Each change an analog cable customer made in their subscription would then require an additional home visit to reprogram their set-top box. Offering

20100-417: The television stations in San Diego did not want the signals to be imported. The television stations won, not allowing the signals on future cable lines in San Diego and its environs. The FCC's reasoning was to protect existing and future UHF stations in San Diego. (One of the pioneers of cable TV was KSA-TV ) In the First Report and Order by the Federal Communications Commission on CATV, the FCC gave itself

20250-467: The text abstracts. The graphic is intended to summarize or be an exemplar for the main thrust of the article. It is not intended to be as exhaustive a summary as the text abstract, rather it is supposed to indicate the type, scope, and technical coverage of the article at a glance. The use of graphical abstracts has been generally well received by the scientific community . Moreover, some journals also include video abstracts and animated abstracts made by

20400-408: The use of a converter box ). Because their programming is commercial-free (except for promotions in-between shows for the networks' own content), these networks command much higher fees from cable systems. Premium services have the discretion to offer the service unencrypted to a certain number of participating cable providers during a short-term free preview period to allow those who do not receive

20550-672: The valley community below (where broadcast reception was very poor). Walson's "first" claim has long been questioned and his claimed starting date can not be verified. The United States Congress and the National Cable Television Association have recognized Walson as having invented cable television in the spring of 1948. A CATV system was developed in the late 1940s by James F. Reynolds in his town of Maple Dale, Pennsylvania, which grew to include Sandy Lake , Stoneboro , Polk , Cochranton , and Meadville . Even though Eastern Pennsylvania, particularly

20700-522: The victim of a hoax. When President George H. W. Bush fainted at a state dinner in Tokyo , Japan, a person claiming to be the president's physician called into the channel's Atlanta headquarters and claimed that Bush had died. At 9:45 a.m., anchor Don Harrison prepared to break the story, stating "This just in to CNN Headline News, and we say right off the bat, we have not confirmed this through any other sources..." Executive producer Roger Bahre, who

20850-558: Was accused of prescribing the drugs that caused the death of Michael Jackson . Although the Conrad Murray trial did not initially have as strong of an impact on ratings as the Casey Anthony trial, viewership began to increase during the testimony phase, and HLN reported that 2.1 million viewers were watching the network during the reading of the guilty verdict. The network reported a 98% year-over-year gain in viewership for

21000-448: Was aired on pay television, instead of terrestrial television . With 912,000 viewers (not counting four repeat broadcasts, which brought the total to two million), the broadcast was "the most watched regularly scheduled, non-news telecast" ever on HLN. Nancy Grace would achieve notoriety for its extensive coverage of the disappearance and death of two year-old Caylee Anthony; HLN was credited with having "almost single-handedly inflated

21150-439: Was derived from the "wheel" segment schedules used by all-news radio stations and repeated each half-hour—featured national and world news at the top of the hour (:00/:30), business and personal finance reports ("Dollars and Sense") at :15/:45 after the hour; sports scores and headlines ("Headline Sports") at :20/50 after; and lifestyle reports at :25/:55 after. The :25/:55 lifestyle segment was designed to allow local cable systems

21300-765: Was introduced in 1989, before it was fully supplanted by the wordmark that accompanied it in 1992, which was later italicized). During its first year, Headline News had a competitor in the form of ABC / Group W 's Satellite News Channel , which operated from June 21, 1982, to October 27, 1983. After its shutdown, SNC's satellite slot was then purchased by Ted Turner to expand Headline News' reach further into additional homes. Shortly after, sister station WTBS handed over production duties for their NewsWatch news capsules to Headline News (resulting in these interstitials switching from an in-studio anchor format to being presented in voiceover only), and at various times, other specialized news capsules produced by Headline News aired as well;

21450-521: Was located too far away to receive the signal with set-top antennas alone. Leroy E. "Ed" Parsons built the first cable television system in the United States that used coaxial cable , amplifiers, and a community antenna to deliver television signals to an area that otherwise would not have been able to receive broadcast television signals. In 1948, Parsons owned a radio station in Astoria, Oregon . A year earlier he and his wife had first seen television at

21600-439: Was off-camera, immediately yelled "No! Stop!" After glancing away momentarily, Harrison continued, "We are now getting a correction. We will not give you that story. It was regarding some rather tragic news involving President Bush, but updating that story, President Bush is reported to be resting comfortably." It turned out that an Idaho man, James Edward Smith, called CNN posing as the president's physician. A CNN employee entered

21750-426: Was produced by a local broadcast station in the participating market, airing at the end of each half-hour of Headline News' rolling news block. The channel included the "CNN" branding in its name intermittently for most of its history, before being incorporated on a regular basis from 1997 to 2007 (though an alternate logo without the CNN logo was used for news broadcasts through 2001). In 1989, Headline News introduced

21900-479: Was promoted to president of the main CNN channel). On November 4, 2011, HLN launched its own website at HLNtv.com, which featured content related to HLN television programs, and other "must see and must share" stories. In May 2012, HLN acquired the rights to broadcast the Daytime Emmy Awards , beginning with the 39th annual event on June 23, 2012; this marked the first time that the awards ceremony

22050-458: Was quietly moved to CNN as a weekly program on Saturday evenings. On October 16, 2018, HLN cancelled Across America with Carol Costello , MichaeLA , and Crime & Justice with Ashleigh Banfield . With the cancellation of the three shows, Morning Express with Robin Meade brought back its original five-hour timeslot from 6:00 a.m. to noon, and On the Story was expanded to three hours and will air from noon until 3:00 p.m. By 2022, On

22200-829: Was subsequently renamed Fox Family in 1998 after it was acquired by a partnership between Fox Entertainment Group and Saban Entertainment , then ABC Family after its 2001 sale to ABC parent The Walt Disney Company , and finally to its current name, Freeform in 2016. The origins of premium cable lie in two areas: early pay television systems of the 1950s and 1960s and early cable (CATV) operators' small efforts to add extra channels to their systems that were not derived from free-to-air signals. In more recent years, premium cable refers to networks–such as Home Box Office (HBO) , Cinemax , Showtime , The Movie Channel , Flix , Starz , MoviePlex , and Epix –that scramble or encrypt their signals so that only those paying additional monthly fees to their cable system can legally view them (via

22350-797: Was the CBN Satellite Service, a Christian television service launched by televangelist Pat Robertson in April 1977 as the television ministry of his Christian Broadcasting Network , that was delivered by satellite as a more efficient way to distribute the programming. For years, the CBN Satellite Service (later renamed CBN Cable Network in 1984) mixed religious programming with reruns of classic television series to fill out its 24-hour schedule. The network changed its name to The CBN Family Channel in 1988 (revised to The Family Channel in 1990 once CBN spun it out to an indirectly owned for-profit company, International Family Entertainment ). It

22500-413: Was the first production of CNN's Original Series Development staff that was developed specifically for HLN. On January 30, 2017, it was announced that CNN anchor Carol Costello would return to HLN to host a new program from Los Angeles. In March 2017, HLN announced that S.E. Cupp would host a new early-evening program on HLN, S. E. Cupp Unfiltered , beginning in June 2017. On May 8, 2017, HLN underwent

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