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64-620: Council Grove is a city and county seat in Morris County , Kansas , United States. As of the 2020 census , the population of the city was 2,140. It was named after an agreement between American settlers and the Osage Nation allowing settlers' wagon trains to pass westward through the area on the Santa Fe Trail . Pioneers gathered at a grove of trees so that wagons could band together for their trip west. Council Grove

128-531: A Superior Court and Sheriff (as an officer of the court ), both located in a designated "shire town". Bennington County, Vermont has two shire towns; the court for "North Shire" is in the shire town Manchester , and the Sheriff for the county and court for "South Shire" are in the shire town Bennington. In 2024, Connecticut , which had not defined their counties for anything but statistical, historical and weather warning purposes since 1960, along with ending

192-834: A writ of certiorari . A number of other courts, including the U.S. Supreme Court, have held through the years that the Census and the questions in the Census are authorized by both the Constitution and Congressional statute. In 2002, the General Accounting Office confirmed that the U.S. Census Bureau has authority to conduct the survey and "require responses from the public". All individual American Community Survey responses are kept private and are used (along with other ACS responses) to create estimates of demographic characteristics for various geographies. Because of data swapping techniques to ensure confidentiality, it

256-713: A $ 250,000 fine. Under 13 U.S.C.   § 9 , census responses are "immune from legal process" and may not "be admitted as evidence or used for any purpose in any action, suit, or other judicial or administrative proceeding". The Census Bureau aggregates individual ACS responses, also known as microdata , into estimates at many geographic summary levels . Among these summary levels are legal and administrative entities such as states , counties , cities , and congressional districts , as well as statistical entities such as metropolitan statistical areas , tracts , block groups , and census designated places . Estimates for census blocks are not available from ACS. Puerto Rico

320-446: A bachelor's degree or higher was estimated to be 20.5% of the population. 23.8% of the population was under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 24.6% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 23.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.6 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 112.8 males. The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that

384-410: A county seat may be an independent city surrounded by, but not part of, the county of which it is the administrative center; for example, Fairfax City is both the county seat of Fairfax County, Virginia and completely surrounded by Fairfax County, but the city is politically independent of the county. When the county seat is in the independent city, government offices such as the courthouse may be in

448-553: A larger area. It has also provided unparalleled information to be more accessible for local government planning and financing. Many conclusions for local data are averaged from various information across the area, but it is not always an adequate representation. ACS estimates are available via a number of online data tools. U.S. Census website (AFF) is the primary tool for disseminating ACS data, allowing users to drill down to specific tables and geographies (starting with 2013 estimates, AFF also includes block group data). A selection of

512-624: A means of solving the labor shortage caused by American men serving in the war effort. Large internment camps were established in Kansas: Camp Concordia , Camp Funston (at Fort Riley ), Camp Phillips (at Salina under Fort Riley ). Fort Riley established 12 smaller branch camps, including Council Grove. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 2.01 square miles (5.21 km), of which, 1.99 square miles (5.15 km)

576-617: Is attached to the middle school. The athletic teams are known as the Braves . Council Grove was located on the National Old Trails Road , also known as the Ocean-to-Ocean Highway, that was established in 1912. County seat In Canada , the provinces of Ontario , Quebec , New Brunswick , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia have counties as an administrative division of government below

640-483: Is impossible to figure out how individual people responded based on data from published ACS estimates. Opponents of the American Community Survey disagree with the court's findings about its constitutionality, contending that the survey asks for more information and at a higher frequency than the simple enumeration authorized and required by Article 1, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution . Despite

704-409: Is known as the seat of its county. Generally, the county legislature, county courthouse, sheriff's department headquarters, hall of records, jail and correctional facility are located in the county seat, though some functions (such as highway maintenance, which usually requires a large garage for vehicles, along with asphalt and salt storage facilities) may also be located or conducted in other parts of

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768-627: Is land and 0.02 square miles (0.05 km) is water. The city is fifty-five miles southwest of Topeka . The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Council Grove has a humid subtropical climate , abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. The 2020 United States census counted 2,140 people, 912 households, and 528 families in Council Grove. The population density

832-451: Is served by Morris County USD 417 public school district. Council Grove High School is a high school located at 129 Hockaday St., Council Grove. Students from the surrounding areas travel to Council Grove to attend high school. Council Grove Middle School includes grades 6 through 8 and is located at 706 E Main St. Council Grove Elementary School includes kindergarten through the 5th grade and

896-816: Is the Post Office Oak. Travelers left their mail in this designated tree to be picked up by others going in the right direction. General Custer of the United States Army slept here with his troops during the American Civil War , under a large tree known now as the Custer Elm. The National Old Trails Road , also known as the Ocean-to-Ocean Highway, was established in 1912, and was routed through Herington , Delavan , Council Grove. In 1943, German and Italian prisoners of World War II were brought to Kansas and other Midwest states as

960-682: Is the largest household survey that the Census Bureau administers. The American Community Survey gathers information annually in the 50 U.S. states , the federal national capital city of Washington, D.C. ( District of Columbia ), and (via the Puerto Rico Community Survey ( PRCS ), which is part of the ACS) for the associated Commonwealth of Puerto Rico in the Caribbean Sea . It does not gather information in

1024-611: Is the only US territory that is part of the ACS program. In order to balance geographic resolution, temporal frequency, statistical significance, and respondent privacy, ACS estimates released each year are aggregated from responses received in the previous calendar year or the previous five calendar years. The Census Bureau provides guidance for data users about which data set to use when analyzing different population and geography sizes. From 2007 to 2013, three-year estimates were available for areas with 20,000 people or more. This data product

1088-628: The Government Accountability Office 's conclusion that the U.S. Census Bureau has the authority to conduct the survey under 13 U.S.C.   § 141 and 13 U.S.C.   § 193 , several US representatives have challenged the ACS as unauthorized by the Census Act and a violation of the Right to Financial Privacy Act . U.S. Representative (congressman) Ron Paul of Texas , who opposes ACS, said that

1152-574: The Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS), freely accessible through the Census Bureau website and Integrated Public Use Microdata Series . PUMS data contain responses to every question from a sample of respondents. To protect respondent privacy, PUMS data are anonymized and only available down to areas containing 100,000 people or more known as Public Use Microdata Areas (PUMAs). The analysis of all ACS microdata without

1216-592: The United States Census Bureau . It regularly gathers information previously contained only in the long form of the decennial census , including ancestry, US citizenship status, educational attainment, income, language proficiency, migration, disability , employment, and housing characteristics. These data are used by many public-sector , private-sector , and not-for-profit stakeholders to allocate funding, track shifting demographics, plan for emergencies, and learn about local communities. Sent to approximately 295,000 addresses monthly, or 3.5 million addresses annually, it

1280-578: The founding fathers of the United States "never authorized the federal government to continuously survey the American people". Those who decline to complete the survey may receive visits to their homes from Census Bureau personnel. Because it is a mandatory survey, it is governed by federal laws that could impose a fine of as much as $ 5,000 on those who flagrantly refuse to participate. To date, no person has been prosecuted for refusing to answer

1344-555: The ACS. Kenneth Prewitt , the former director of the U.S. Census Bureau, said in March 2000 that the United States Department of Commerce is "not an enforcement agency" and that the parallel United States Department of Justice in the presidential cabinet would be responsible for prosecuting violations, adding that "we don't recommend that". The Census Bureau prefers to gain cooperation by convincing respondents of

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1408-454: The ACS. Each address has about a 1-in-480 chance of being selected in a given month, and no address should be selected more than once every five years. Data is collected by internet, mail, telephone interviews, and in-person interviews. The questionnaire is available in English and Spanish, with assistance provided in additional languages. Approximately one-third of those who do not respond to

1472-432: The Census Bureau could release "period" estimates to produce estimates for smaller areas. After a decade of testing, it launched as the American Community Survey in 2005, replacing the once-a-decade census long form. The American Community Survey initially sampled approximately 3.5 million housing unit addresses and group quarters in the United States. The Census Bureau selects a random sample of addresses to be included in

1536-761: The Santa Fe Trail and houses the Trail Days Cafe & Museum. A post office was established in Council Grove on February 26, 1855. In 1858, the town was officially incorporated by the legislature. Hays also opened a restaurant in 1857, the Hays House, which is said to be the oldest continuously operating restaurant west of the Mississippi River . The town has 15 sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places . One

1600-884: The United States, followed by Towson , the county seat of Baltimore County, Maryland . Likewise, some county seats may not be incorporated in their own right, but are located within incorporated municipalities. For example, Cape May Court House, New Jersey , though unincorporated, is a section of Middle Township , an incorporated municipality. In some states, often those that were among the original Thirteen Colonies , county seats include or formerly included "Court House" as part of their name, such as Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia . Most counties have only one county seat. However, some counties in Alabama , Arkansas , Georgia , Iowa , Kentucky , Massachusetts , Mississippi , Missouri , New Hampshire , New York , and Vermont have two or more county seats, usually located on opposite sides of

1664-465: The administrators and statisticians / mathematicians of the United States Census Bureau ( Bureau of the Census ), first established in 1902 within the United States Department of Commerce , to begin asking a sample of the American population a sub-set of additional detailed questions without unduly increasing cost or respondent burden. In the decades that followed, new questions were added to those that had previously been asked of all respondents, and all

1728-543: The age of 18 and 5.5% of those ages 65 or over. As of the census of 2010, there were 2,182 people, 991 households, and 565 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,096.5 inhabitants per square mile (423.4/km). There were 1,107 housing units at an average density of 556.3 per square mile (214.8/km). The racial makeup of the city was 95.8% White , 0.4% African American , 0.2% Native American , 0.2% Asian , 1.9% from other races , and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.0% of

1792-403: The average family size was 2.90. In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.7% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 23.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.8 males. The median income for a household in the city

1856-399: The city. The population density was 1,293.2 inhabitants per square mile (499.3/km). There were 1,099 housing units at an average density of 612.3 per square mile (236.4/km). The racial makeup of the city was 98.23% White , 0.26% African American , 0.22% Native American , 0.22% Asian , 0.47% from other races , and 0.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.11% of

1920-541: The count. At the Congress's request, the U.S. Census Bureau in the United States Department of Commerce , developed and tested a new design to obtain long-form data. noted U.S. statistician / mathematician Leslie Kish (1910-2000), had introduced the concept of a rolling sample (or continuous measurement) design in 1981. This design featured ongoing, monthly data collection aggregated on a yearly basis, enabling annual data releases. By combining multiple years of this data,

1984-526: The counties after his unification, there were about 1,000. Under the Eastern Han dynasty , the number of counties increased to above 1,000. About 1400 existed when the Sui dynasty abolished the commandery level (郡 jùn), which was the level just above counties, and demoted some commanderies to counties. In Imperial China, the county was a significant administrative unit because it marked the lowest level of

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2048-418: The county, especially if it is geographically large. A county seat is usually an incorporated municipality . The exceptions include the county seats of counties that have no incorporated municipalities within their borders, such as Arlington County, Virginia , where the county seat is the entire county. Ellicott City , the county seat of Howard County, Maryland , is the largest unincorporated county seat in

2112-420: The county. Examples include Harrison County, Mississippi , which has both Biloxi and Gulfport as county seats, and Hinds County, Mississippi , which has both Raymond and the state capital of Jackson . The practice of multiple county seat towns dates from the days when travel was difficult. There have been few efforts to eliminate the two-seat arrangement, since a county seat is a source of civic pride for

2176-478: The creation of a mid-decade census, holding hearings and even authorizing a special mid-decade census in the American Bicentennial year of 1976, but not funding it. Efforts to obtain data on a more frequent basis began again after the 1990 U.S. Decennial Census , when it became clear that the more burdensome long form was depressing overall census response rates and jeopardizing the accuracy of

2240-704: The distribution of $ 416 billion, 29 percent of all federal assistance. The American Community Survey is authorized by 13 U.S.C. § 141 and 13 U.S.C. § 193. Federal courts have held that the long form is constitutional. In 2000, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas ruled that the 2000 U.S. Decennial Census and its questions did not violate the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution or any other constitutional provisions that were alleged in

2304-581: The federal lawsuit initiated by the plaintiffs. The federal district court said responses to census questions are not a violation of an American citizen's right to privacy or free speech. The U.S. District Court's decision in Texas was later affirmed by the higher United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit on appeal, and the Supreme Court of the United States denied the petition for

2368-444: The first United States Decennial Census three years later in 1790 , congressional legislators understood that it should also collect basic demographic information beyond just the number of people in the household. James Madison (1751-1836), an American Founding Father and the fourth President of the United States (served 1809-1817), first proposed including additional questions in the U.S. Decennial Census to "enable them to adapt

2432-424: The imperial bureaucratic structure; in other words, it was the lowest level that the government reached. Government below the county level was often undertaken through informal non-bureaucratic means, varying between dynasties. The head of a county was the magistrate , who oversaw both the day-to-day operations of the county as well as civil and criminal cases. The current number of counties mostly resembled that of

2496-512: The importance of participation while acknowledging that the mandate improves response rates (and thus accuracy) and lowers the annual cost of survey administration by more than $ 90 million. In 2014, the Census Project , a collaboration of pro-Census business and industry associations, gathered signatures from 96 national and local organizations urging the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Oversight and Government Reform to reject

2560-585: The increase of Han Chinese population in Taiwan, the number of counties also grew by time. By the end of Qing era, there were 11 counties in Taiwan. Protestant missionaries in China first romanized the term as hien . When Taiwan became a Japanese colony in 1895, the hierarchy of divisions also incorporated into the Japanese system in the period when Taiwan was under Japanese rule. By September 1945, Taiwan

2624-625: The independent city under an agreement, such as in Albemarle , or may in be enclaves of the county surrounded by the independent city, such as in Fairfax . Others, such as Prince William , have the courthouse in an enclave surrounded by the independent city and have the county government, the Board of Supervisors, in a different part of the county, far from the county seat. The following counties have their county seat in an independent city: Bedford

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2688-758: The later years of the Qing dynasty . Changes of location and names of counties in Chinese history have been a major field of research in Chinese historical geography, especially from the 1960s to the 1980s. There are 1,355 counties in Mainland China out of a total of 2,851 county-level divisions. In Taiwan , the first counties were first established in 1661 by the Kingdom of Tungning . The later ruler Qing empire inherited this type of administrative divisions. With

2752-419: The median household income was $ 49,519 (with a margin of error of +/- $ 7,824) and the median family income was $ 64,722 (+/- $ 5,171). Males had a median income of $ 30,238 (+/- $ 8,095) versus $ 27,649 (+/- $ 1,905) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $ 27,799 (+/- $ 2,339). Approximately, 5.0% of families and 10.2% of the population were below the poverty line , including 10.9% of those under

2816-567: The most popular tables is shown in QuickFacts . Other tools include OnTheMap for Emergency Management , Census Business Builder and My Congressional District . My Tribal Area featuring 5-year estimates for federally recognized tribes, launched in 2017. The Summary File is the most detailed data source and is available as a series of downloadable text files or through an application programming interface (API) for software developers. Custom cross-tabulations of ACS questions can be made using

2880-552: The other four major U.S. territories / commonwealths and associated states of American Samoa , Guam , Northern Mariana Islands in the western Pacific Ocean , and the U.S. Virgin Islands in the Caribbean Sea . The Article I, Section II of the Constitution of the United States of 1787, adopted 1788, requires an enumeration of the population every ten years "in such Manner as they (Congress) shall by Law direct". From

2944-408: The population. There were 1,002 households, out of which 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.3% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.7% were non-families. 34.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and

3008-437: The population. There were 991 households, of which 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.5% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.0% were non-families. 39.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

3072-775: The provincial level, and thus county seats. In the provinces of Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia the term "shire town" is used in place of county seat. County seats in China are the administrative centers of the counties in the People's Republic of China . Xian have existed since the Warring States period and were set up nationwide by the Qin dynasty . The number of counties in China proper gradually increased from dynasty to dynasty. As Qin Shi Huang reorganized

3136-547: The public and motorized boats, most of the land around the City Lake is leased to the owners of over three hundred lake houses. Building is restricted on the larger Council Grove Reservoir but there are many well-positioned camp sites. Excellent fishing is found on these lakes as well. Walleye, crappie, white bass, and many more fish are in both the Council Grove Reservoir and the City Lake. The community

3200-471: The public measures to the particular circumstances of the community". Such knowledge collected with each census, President Madison argued, "would give them an opportunity of marking the progress of the society". The questions included in censuses since 1790 have reflected American understandings of and concerns about societal trends and the growing nation's expanded data needs. By 130 years later in 1940, advancements in statistical methods and knowledge enabled

3264-502: The questions were moved to the sample questionnaire form. As the sample form grew longer than the census form itself, it became known as the Census "long form". Following the 1960 U.S. Decennial Census , federal, state, and local governmental officials, and some in the private sector began demanding more timely long-form-type data. Lawmakers representing rural districts claimed they were at a data disadvantage, unable to self-fund additional surveys of their populations. Congress explored

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3328-985: The sampling and anonymization in PUMS is restricted to qualified researchers at secure Federal Statistical Research Data Centers (FSRDCs). The Census Bureau conducts research and evaluation projects, including survey methodology research, important for the improvement of the ACS. The ACS data is used by researchers to examine societal changes, study data quality, and conduct methodological research. American Community Survey data provides important information that cannot be found elsewhere. The federal government, as well as various businesses, researchers, and local governments use ACS data for planning and decision-making purposes. ACS data are used by public and business decision-makers to more clearly identify issues and opportunities and more effectively allocate scarce resources to address them. In Fiscal Year 2008, 184 federal domestic assistance programs used ACS-related datasets to help guide

3392-777: The state's area, has no borough government or borough seat. One borough, the Lake and Peninsula Borough , has its borough seat located in another borough, namely King Salmon in Bristol Bay Borough . In Louisiana , which is divided into parishes rather than counties, county seats are referred to as "parish seats". In New England , counties have served mainly as dividing lines for the states' judicial systems. Rhode Island has no county level of government and thus no county seats, and Massachusetts has dissolved many but not all of its county governments. In Vermont , Massachusetts , and Maine county government consists only of

3456-468: The survey by mail or telephone are randomly selected for in-person interviews. About 95 percent of households across all response modes ultimately participate in the survey. Like the decennial census, ACS responses are confidential . Every employee at the Census Bureau takes an oath of nondisclosure and is sworn for life to not disclose identifying information. Violations of the nondisclosure oath are punishable by prison sentences of up to five years and/or

3520-416: The towns involved, along with providing employment opportunities. There are 33 counties with multiple county seats in 11 states: Alaska is divided into boroughs rather than counties; the county seat in these case is referred to as the "borough seat"; this includes six consolidated city-borough governments (one of which is styled as a "municipality"). The Unorganized Borough, Alaska , which covers 49% of

3584-544: The use of county seats in particular, will fully transition with the permission of the United States Census Bureau to a system of councils of government for the purposes of boundary definition and as county equivalents. Two counties in South Dakota , Oglala Lakota and Todd , have their county seat and government services centered in a neighboring county. Their county-level services are provided by Fall River County and Tripp County , respectively. In Virginia ,

3648-540: Was $ 28,949, and the median income for a family was $ 37,061. Males had a median income of $ 29,500 versus $ 20,625 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 20,189. About 7.4% of families and 8.5% of the population were below the poverty line , including 8.7% of those under age 18 and 15.6% of those age 65 or over. Presently, both the Council Grove Reservoir and the City Lake are popular for recreational activities. While both lakes are open to

3712-495: Was 1,002.3 per square mile (387.0/km). There were 1,050 housing units at an average density of 491.8 per square mile (189.9/km). The racial makeup was 90.89% (1,945) white or European American (88.18% non-Hispanic white ), 0.23% (5) black or African-American , 0.33% (7) Native American or Alaska Native , 0.23% (5) Asian , 0.05% (1) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian , 2.15% (46) from other races , and 6.12% (131) from two or more races . Hispanic or Latino of any race

3776-433: Was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.85. The median age in the city was 45.9 years. 21.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.8% were from 25 to 44; 27.1% were from 45 to 64; and 24.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.8% male and 53.2% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 2,321 people, 1,002 households, and 634 families residing in

3840-420: Was 7.1% (152) of the population. Of the 912 households, 29.6% had children under the age of 18; 43.3% were married couples living together; 31.2% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 36.6% of households consisted of individuals and 18.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.4 and the average family size was 3.1. The percent of those with

3904-500: Was a stop on the Santa Fe Trail . The first European-American settler was Seth M. Hays , who came to the area in 1847 to trade with the Kaw tribe , which had a reservation established in the area in 1846. Hays was a great-grandson of Daniel Boone . The Main street in Council Grove is the old Santa Fe Trail. The Rawlinson-Terwilliger Home, 803 West Main Street, is the oldest stone home on

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3968-450: Was an independent city from 1968 to 2013, while also being the county seat of Bedford County . Bedford reverted to an incorporated town, and remains the county seat, though is now part of the county. The state with the most counties is Texas, with 254, and the state with the fewest counties is Delaware, with 3. American Community Survey The American Community Survey ( ACS ) is an annual demographics survey program conducted by

4032-428: Was discontinued in 2015 due to budget cuts. The last 3-year release was the 2011–2013 ACS 3-year estimates. Current data releases include: Over the past decade, the American Community Survey has collected and supplied all data at local levels. This was a large breakthrough in the survey because it allows American citizens more individualized data on a community level as opposed to extrapolating from data collected over

4096-635: Was divided into 8 prefectures ( 州 and 廳 ), which remained after the Republic of China took over. There are 13 county seats in Taiwan, which function as county-administered cities , urban townships , or rural townships . In most of the United States , a county is an administrative or political subdivision of a state that consists of a geographic area with specific boundaries and usually some level of governmental authority. The city, town, or populated place that houses county government

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