An office is a space where the employees of an organization perform administrative work in order to support and realize the various goals of the organization. The word "office" may also denote a position within an organization with specific duties attached to it (see officer or official ); the latter is an earlier usage, as "office" originally referred to the location of one's duty. In its adjective form, the term "office" may refer to business -related tasks. In law , a company or organization has offices in any place where it has an official presence, even if that presence consists of a storage silo , for example, instead of a more traditional establishment with a desk and chair . An office is also an architectural and design phenomenon, including small offices, such as a bench in the corner of a small business or a room in someone's home (see small office/home office ), entire floors of buildings, and massive buildings dedicated entirely to one company. In modern terms, an office is usually the location where white-collar workers carry out their functions.
89-540: Manor Apartment Hotel is a heritage-listed former office building and now apartment hotel at 289 Queen Street , Brisbane City , City of Brisbane , Queensland , Australia. It was designed by Hennessey, Hennessey & Co and built from 1930 to 1931 by Concrete Constructions (QLD) Limited . It is also known as Colonial Mutual Life Building and Newspaper House. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992. The building
178-612: A supermarket tabloid , and in 1976 it purchased the New York Post from Dorothy Schiff for $ 31 million. In 1984, News Corp acquired the Chicago Sun-Times from Field Enterprises (later sold in 1986 to the American Publishing Company subsidiary of Canada-based Hollinger ) for $ 90 million and Travel Weekly and other trade magazines from Ziff Davis . In March 1985, News Corp bought
267-1051: A 20% stake in 1994 for $ 200 million), for $ 2.48 billion in stock and was completed on January 22, 1997. On October 7, 1996, the Fox Entertainment Group launched the Fox News Channel , a 24-hour cable news network to compete against Time Warner 's rival channel CNN . In 1999, News Corporation significantly expanded its music holdings in Australia by acquiring the controlling share in a leading Australian-based label, Michael Gudinski 's Mushroom Records , merging it with already held Festival Records to create Festival Mushroom Records (FMR). Both Festival and FMR were managed by Rupert Murdoch's son James Murdoch for several years. Also mid 1999, The Economist reported that News Corp paid comparatively lower taxes, and Newscorp Investments specifically had made £11.4 billion ($ 20.1 billion) in profits over
356-483: A 3,000,000-square-foot (280,000 m ) building in Chicago, at the time the largest building in the world. The time and motion study , pioneered in manufacturing by F. W. Taylor and later applied to the office environment by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth , led to the idea that managers needed to play an active role in directing the work of subordinates to increase the efficiency of the workplace. F.W. Taylor advocated
445-628: A 34% stake in Hughes Electronics (now DirecTV Group ), operator of the largest American satellite TV system, from General Motors for US$ 6 billion. DirecTV was sold to Liberty Media in 2008 in exchange for its stake in News Corporation. In January 2005, shortly after reincorporation in the United States, News Corporation announced that it was buying out Fox Entertainment Group . The manoeuvre delisted Fox from
534-701: A 50% stake in TCF Holdings, the holding company of the movie studio 20th Century Fox from Marc Rich for $ 162 million, and later acquired the remaining stake from Marvin Davis in September for $ 325 million. Two months after the acquisition of the 50% stake in TCF Holdings, on May 6, 1985, News Corp announced it was buying the Metromedia television stations and its syndication arm Metromedia Producers Corporation from John Kluge for $ 3.5 billion, setting
623-575: A 63.6% stake of the Hong Kong-based STAR TV satellite network from Pearson for over $ 500 million, followed by the purchase of the remaining 36.4% in July 1995. Murdoch declared that: (Telecommunications) have proved an unambiguous threat to totalitarian regimes everywhere ... satellite broadcasting makes it possible for information-hungry residents of many closed societies to bypass state-controlled television channels. In 1995,
712-546: A contract with Dow Jones to provide content and services to the network, the Fox Entertainment Group officially launched the Fox Business Network on October 15, 2007. Alexis Glick, the network's original morning show host and vice president of business news, indicated that its lawyers had reviewed the details of Dow Jones' contract with CNBC, but noted that it would still "actively use" other Dow Jones properties. In September 2009, News Corp established NewsCore,
801-641: A controlling interest in The News . News Limited operates today as News Corporation's Australian brand and includes ownership of The Australian , operating out of Surry Hills , in Sydney . News Ltd. made its first acquisition in the United States in 1973, when it purchased the San Antonio Express and News (the two papers merged in 1984). Soon afterwards it founded the National Star ,
890-605: A global wire service set up to provide news stories to all of News Corp's journalistic outlets. In April 2010, News Corporation sold Bulgarian broadcaster bTV , which it launched on 1 June 2000, as part of a deal to Central European Media Enterprises (CME) for $ 400 million in addition to another $ 13 million for working capital adjustment. The deal included cable channels bTV Comedy and Btv Cinema and News Corporation's 74% stake in Radio Company CJ which included five radio stations. In September 2010, due to
979-515: A lot of concentration, or include many small meetings. Shared office : a compact, semi-private workspace designed for two or three individuals, facilitating both focused work and small group collaboration. Team room : an enclosed workspace for four to ten people; suitable for teamwork that may be confidential and demands frequent internal communication. Study booth : an enclosed workspace for one person; suitable for short-term activities that demand concentration or confidentiality. Work lounge :
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#17327918736561068-1734: A lounge-like workspace for two to six people; suitable for short-term activities that demand collaboration and/or allow impromptu interaction. Touch down : an open workspace for one person; suitable for short-term activities that require little concentration and low interaction. Meeting spaces in an office typically use interactive processes, be they quick conversations or intensive brainstorming. There are six generic types of meeting spaces, each supporting different activities. Small meeting room : an enclosed meeting space for two to four people; suitable for both formal and informal interaction. Medium meeting room : an enclosed meeting space for four to ten people; suitable for both formal and informal interaction. Large meeting room : an enclosed meeting space for ten or more people; suitable for formal interaction. Small meeting space : an open or semi-open meeting space for two to four persons; suitable for short, informal interaction. Medium meeting space : an open or semi-open meeting space for four to ten persons; suitable for short, informal interaction. Large meeting space : an open or semi-open meeting space for ten or more people people; suitable for short, informal interaction. Brainstorm room : an enclosed meeting space for five to twelve people; suitable for brainstorming sessions and workshops. Meeting point : an open meeting point for two to four people; suitable for ad hoc, informal meetings. Support spaces in an office are typically used for secondary activities such as filing documents or taking breaks. There are twelve generic types of support spaces, each supporting different activities. Filing space : an open or enclosed support space for
1157-509: A month earlier. Demolition of the old offices was underway by November 1930, with construction of the current building well underway by February 1931. The Benedict stone used for the facing, a mixture of cement and crushed Brisbane tuff was manufactured by Benedict Stone (Qld) Pty Ltd which was established by Archbishop James Duhig to manufacture the stone required for the Holy Name Cathedral , Fortitude Valley . The product
1246-621: A number of their Australian offices, ensuring some of their mortgage was repaid and employed Hennessey and Concrete Constructions (Qld) Ltd , Brisbane (Duhig's architect and contractor for the Holy Name Cathedral). As Hennessey, Hennessey & Co., was based in Sydney, construction was supervised by Leo Drinan, the firm's Brisbane Manager. Concrete Construction (Qld) Ltd also built the CML offices in Sydney and Melbourne . George Harvey
1335-666: A palace complex or a large temple. In the High Middle Ages (1000–1300), the medieval chancery acted as a sort of office, serving as the space where records and laws were stored and copied. With the growth of large, complex organizations in the 18th century, the first purpose-built office spaces were constructed. As the Industrial Revolution intensified in the 18th and 19th centuries, the industries of banking , rail , insurance , retail , petroleum , and telegraphy grew dramatically, requiring many clerks. As
1424-402: A projecting stylised eagle " gargoyle ". Similar gargoyles appear in the same location a level below and also below each projecting flag post above the third floor. The entire Queen Street facade is repeated at each end of the side elevation, the central bays of which are plainer. Behind the parapet the building has an interesting roofscape of steeply pitched terracotta tiled roofs, one above
1513-400: A result of the country's unique business culture. Japanese offices tend to follow open plan layouts in an 'island-style' arrangement, which promotes teamwork and top-down management. They also use uchi-awase (informal meetings) and ringi-sho (consensus systems) to encourage input on policies from as many groups throughout the office as possible. The main purpose of an office environment
1602-433: A result, more office space was assigned to house their activities. The time-and-motion study , pioneered in manufacturing by F. W. Taylor (1856–1915), led to the "Modern Efficiency Desk" of 1915. Its flat top, with drawers below, was designed to allow managers an easy view of their workers. By the middle of the 20th century, it became apparent that an efficient office required additional control over privacy , and gradually
1691-618: A semi-enclosed workspace for two to eight people; suitable for teamwork which demands frequent internal communication and a medium level of concentration. Cubicle : a semi-enclosed workspace for one person; suitable for activities that demand medium concentration and medium interaction. Office Pod : ideal for fostering privacy in today's bustling open-plan offices. It provides a cost-effective and efficient way to ensure privacy and continuity during conversations, calls, and video conferences. Private office : an enclosed workspace for one person; suitable for activities that are confidential, demand
1780-625: A semi-open or enclosed support space where employees can take a break from their work. Locker area : an open or semi-open support space where employees can store their personal belongings. Smoking room : an enclosed support space where employees can smoke a cigarette. Library : a semi-open or enclosed support space for reading books, journals and magazines. Games room : an enclosed support space where employees can play games, such as pool or darts. Waiting area : an open or semi-open support space where visitors can be received and wait for their appointment. Circulation space : support space which
1869-474: A simple solution and provide all of the former types of space. Workspaces in an office are typically used for conventional office activities such as reading, writing, and computer work. There are nine generic types of workspaces, each supporting different activities. Open office : an open workspace for more than ten people; suitable for activities that demand frequent communication or routine activities that need relatively little concentration. Team space :
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#17327918736561958-423: A wider agenda by distributing the keys to rival set-top box operators and seeking to obtain phone records of suspected rivals. The emails were from the hard drive of NDS European chief Ray Adams. In 2012, it was also revealed that Australian Federal police were working with UK police to investigate hacking by News Corp. On June 28, 2012, Rupert Murdoch announced that, after concerns from shareholders in response to
2047-731: Is irrelevant and in the circumstances I feel it is proper for me to resign from News Corp, and apologize to those hurt by the actions of the News of the World." In 2012, following a BBC Panorama report, allegations were made that News Corp subsidiary NDS Group had used hackers to undermine pay TV rivals around the world. Some of the victims of the alleged hacking, such as Austar , were later taken over by News Corp and others such as Ondigital later went bust. NDS had originally been set up to provide security to News Corp's pay TV interests but emails obtained by Fairfax Media revealed they had also pursued
2136-423: Is required for circulation on office floors, linking all major functions. Lactation rooms are also support spaces that are legally mandatory for companies in the United States, as of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. News Corporation (1980%E2%80%932013) The original incarnation of News Corporation (abbreviated News Corp. and also variously known as News Corporation Limited )
2225-482: Is similar in style to interstate Colonial Mutual Life Assurance Society Ltd buildings. The building has three paired window bays across the Queen Street facade. Three double height arched openings occur at the ground floor level. On the level above are paired window openings with arched heads and a central ornamented column . The two levels below the top floor have paired window bays which are similar but double
2314-513: Is to support its occupants in performing their jobs—preferably at minimum cost and with maximum satisfaction. Different people performing different tasks will require different office spaces, or spaces that can handle a variety of uses. To aid decision-making in workplace and office design, one can distinguish three different types of office spaces: workspaces, meeting spaces, and support spaces. For new or developing businesses, remote satellite offices and project rooms, or serviced offices , can provide
2403-451: The "7/7" bombings on London's transit system, family members of British troops killed overseas, Milly Dowler, a 13-year-old missing British girl who was later found dead, actor Hugh Grant and a lawyer representing the family of Princess Diana's lover at the inquest into her death. On July 13, 2011, News Corp withdrew its bid to purchase the final 61% stake in BSkyB after pressure from both
2492-562: The East End resulted in nightly battles outside the new plant. Delivery vans and depots were frequently and violently attacked. Ultimately the unions capitulated. In 1987, News Corp acquired the book publisher Harper and Row for $ 300 million, and later acquired the British book publisher William Collins, Sons in 1989 for $ 721 million, who later merged with Harper to form HarperCollins that same year. In 1988, News Corp acquired
2581-733: The Fox television network). News Corp was established in 1980 by Rupert Murdoch as a holding company for News Limited . News Limited was founded in 1923 in Adelaide by James Edward Davidson , funded by the Collins House mining empire for the purpose of publishing anti-union propaganda; subsequently the controlling interest was bought by the Herald & Weekly Times . In 1949, Keith Murdoch took control of Adelaide's afternoon tabloid The News . When he died in 1952, his son Rupert inherited
2670-633: The Fox Entertainment Group and 20th Century Fox ) and Murdoch as CEO, was renamed 21st Century Fox . Murdoch remained chairman for both companies. Shareholders approved the split on June 11, 2013. On June 19, 2013, preliminary trading for the new News Corp on the Australian Securities Exchange commenced in preparation for the formal split that was finalized on June 28, 2013. Shareholders received one share of New News Corp for every four shares they owned of
2759-663: The Hayman Island off the coast of Australia. The events were private and secretive, there are no records available for the agenda or talks given at the conferences, and no uninvited journalists are permitted access. The 2006 event in Pebble Beach , California was led by Rupert Murdoch . According to a copy of the agenda leaked to the Los Angeles Times and other media accounts, issues discussed related from Europe to broadcasting and new media , terrorism to
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2848-557: The National Mutual Life Building in its upper levels. The building has a concrete encased steel frame with concrete floors and is faced in Benedict Stone, the colours of which range from green to pink (a property of Brisbane tuff). The style of the sculptured ornament on the building facades is influenced by American Art Deco buildings of this period, as well as containing some Norman influence. It
2937-681: The New York Stock Exchange ; Fox had traded on the NYSE under the ticker FOX . In 2004, Murdoch set aside $ 2 billion and handpicked a team of young executives to look at possible ways to use the Web as a distribution platform. That team was composed of four rising stars: Ross Levinsohn, Adam Bain, Travis Katz , and Michael Kirby. The four became the backbone of what would become News Corp's digital division, Fox Interactive Media. Shortly after, in July 2005, News Corporation purchased
3026-591: The Royal Family . Other allegations put out by The Guardian newspaper include the exploitation, with intent to gain access to or use private information, of a list of 4,332 names or partial names, 2,987 mobile phone numbers, 30 audio tapes of varying length and 91 PIN codes, of a kind required to access the voicemail of the minority of targets who change the factory settings on their mobile phones. The names are said to include those of British victims of September 11, 2001 terror attacks, family members of victims of
3115-535: The Sky Television satellite network in the UK, which incurred massive losses in its early years of operation, which (like many of its business interests) was heavily subsidised with profits from its other holdings until it was able to force rival satellite operator BSB to accept a merger on its terms in 1990. (The merged company, BSkyB , has dominated the British pay-TV market since.) In 1993, News Corp acquired
3204-463: The State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 7 July 2014, archived on 8 October 2014). The geo-coordinates were computed from the "Queensland heritage register boundaries" published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 5 September 2014, archived on 15 October 2014). Office building In classical antiquity , offices were often part of
3293-608: The United States Chamber of Commerce . The Chamber aggressively supported the Republican effort to retake Congress in 2010. This donation and an earlier $ 1 million contribution that News Corporation made to the Republican Governor's Association led media critics to question whether the company had crossed an ethical line for a media company. News Corporation split up to 21st Century Fox and
3382-502: The cubicle system evolved. The word "office" stems from the Latin " officium " and its equivalents in various Romance languages . An officium was not necessarily a place, but often referred instead to human staff members of an organization, or even the abstract notion of a formal position like a magistrate. The elaborate Roman bureaucracy would not be equaled for centuries in the West after
3471-460: The national policy . The event included speeches from Murdoch, Actor and former governor of California Arnold Schwarzenegger , former British Prime Minister Tony Blair , Bono , Al Gore , Senator John McCain and Bill Clinton while Israel's President, Shimon Peres , appeared on a panel named "Islam and the West". Other notable attendees included Newt Gingrich and Nicole Kidman . The company's Board of Directors consisted of 17 individuals at
3560-741: The 18th century to suit the needs of large and growing organizations such as the Royal Navy and the East India Company . The Old Admiralty ( Ripley Building ) was built in 1726 and was the first purpose-built office building in Great Britain. As well as offices, the building housed a board room and apartments for the Lords of the Admiralty. In the 1770s, many scattered offices for the Royal Navy were gathered into Somerset House ,
3649-543: The Asia-Pacific sports network. On November 20, 2012, News Corporation announced that it would acquire a 49% stake in the regional sports network YES Network , owned by the Major League Baseball team New York Yankees . In January 2013, News Corp. attained 54.5% majority control of Sky Deutschland . On February 4, 2013, News Corporation announced the sale of IGN and its related properties to
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3738-467: The FBI opened a probe into the hacking of 9/11 victims. Les Hinton, chief executive of the media group's Dow Jones, resigned on July 15, saying, "I have seen hundreds of news reports of both actual and alleged misconduct during the time I was executive chairman of News International and responsible for the company. The pain caused to innocent people is unimaginable. That I was ignorant of what apparently happened
3827-461: The Fijian government's requirement that the country's media outlet must be 90% owned by Fiji Nationals, News Corporation sold 90% of their stake in their Fijian newspapers ( Fiji Times , Nai Lalakai , and Shanti Dut ) to Motibhai Group of Companies. In November 2010, News Corp purchased education technology and student progress tracking company Wireless Generation for $ 360 million. The company
3916-592: The Fox network became the object of scrutiny from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) when it was alleged that its Australian base made Murdoch's ownership of Fox illegal. The FCC, however, ruled in Murdoch's favor, stating that his ownership of Fox was in the public's best interests. It was also noted that the stations themselves were owned by a separate company whose chief shareholder
4005-562: The Labour and Conservative Parties in Parliament. Allegations about the violation of ethical standards by the News Corporation subsidiary News of the World have been speculatively applied to News Corporation holdings in the United States. Senator John Rockefeller (D-WV) stated on July 12, 2011, that there should be a government investigation into News Corporation "to ensure that Americans have not had their privacy violated." His statement
4094-590: The McGraw-Hill Media Summit that the Fox Entertainment Group would launch a new business news channel later in the year, which would compete directly against rival network CNBC . Murdoch explained that the channel would be more "business-friendly" than CNBC, because he felt that they "leap on every scandal, or what they think is a scandal." In July 2007, News Corp. reached a deal to acquire Dow Jones & Company , owners of The Wall Street Journal , for $ 5 billion. Despite CNBC already having
4183-744: The Philadelphia-based Triangle Publications , publisher of the magazines TV Guide , Seventeen , and the Daily Racing Form for $ 3 billion. To raise money, the trade publications were sold to Reed International . By 1992, News Corp had incurred large debts, which forced it to sell many of the American magazine interests it had acquired in the mid-1980s to K-III Communications , as well spinning off long-held Australian magazines interests as Pacific Magazines . Much of this debt came from its stake in
4272-500: The United Kingdom, whose properties include The Times , The Sun , and the now-defunct News of the World (the subject of a phone hacking scandal that led to its closure in July 2011), Dow Jones & Company (an American publisher of financial news outlets, including The Wall Street Journal ), the book publisher HarperCollins , and the Fox Entertainment Group (then owners of the 20th Century Fox film studio and
4361-405: The arcade leading to Queen Street contained retail premises. The offices and professional suites on the upper floors were available for lease. Queensland Newspapers (a subsidiary of News Corporation and publisher of The Courier-Mail newspaper) purchased the site in September 1983, cleaned and repaired the exterior and re-opened the building as Newspaper House on 11 September 1985. In 1994,
4450-452: The building was converted and fully refurbished to become an apartment hotel , The Manor Apartments, comprising 46 studio, one- and two-bedroom apartments each with its own fully equipped kitchen and laundry and separate and fully furnished bedrooms and living areas. The apartments are air-conditioned, but windows may still be opened. The 1930s origins of the building are still evident in the classically spacious and high-ceiling interiors and in
4539-430: The caretakers quarters and another over the lift room on the eleventh floor. At street level individual awnings have been located between the archways. From the rear laneway the building duplicates much of the front facade but is painted. Internally the original detailing remains in the fire stairs , including the handrail and tiled landings. All the levels have been refurbished with suspended ceilings that sit below
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#17327918736564628-428: The central office each day. As the Industrial Revolution intensified in the 18th and 19th centuries, the industries of banking , rail , insurance , retail , petroleum , and telegraphy dramatically grew in size and complexity. Increasingly large number of clerks were needed to handle order processing, accounting, and document filing, and these clerks needed to be housed in increasingly specialized spaces. Most of
4717-720: The current incarnation of News Corporation on June 28, 2013. All media and broadcasting assets, except media assets owned by News Limited , now belong to The Walt Disney Company and Fox Corporation , the legal successors to News Corporation (and 21st Century Fox). Meanwhile, newspapers and other publishing assets, including media assets under News Limited , were spun off as a new News Corp. News Corp agreed to sell eight of its television stations to Oak Hill Capital Partners for approximately $ 1.1 billion as of December 22, 2007. The stations are US Fox affiliates. These stations, along with those already acquired by Oak Hill that were formerly owned by The New York Times Company , formed
4806-418: The desks of the era were top-heavy and had a cubicle-like appearance, with paper storage bins extending above the desk-work area, offering workers some degree of privacy. The relatively high price of land in the central core of cities led to the first multi-story buildings, which were limited to about 10 stories until the use of iron and steel allowed for higher structures. The first purpose-built office block
4895-401: The existence of such "offices". These rooms are sometimes called "libraries" by some archaeologists because of scrolls' association with literature. They were, however, closer to modern offices because the scrolls were meant for record-keeping and other management functions, not for poetry or works of fiction. The High Middle Ages (1000–1300) saw the rise of the medieval chancery , which was
4984-479: The fall of Rome , with areas partially reverting to illiteracy. Further east, the Byzantine Empire and varying Islamic caliphates preserved a more sophisticated administrative culture. Offices in classical antiquity were often part of a palace complex or a large temple. There was often a room where scrolls were kept and scribes did their work. Ancient texts mentioning the work of scribes allude to
5073-542: The first block purpose-built for office work. The East India House was built in 1729 on Leadenhall Street as the headquarters from which the East India Company administered its Indian colonial possessions . The Company developed a very complex bureaucracy for the task, necessitating thousands of office employees to process the required paperwork. The Company recognized the benefits of centralized administration and required that all workers sign in and out at
5162-580: The growth of the competing social network Facebook . The deadline for bids, May 31, 2011, passed without any above the reserve price of $ 100 million being submitted. The rapid deterioration in Myspace's business during the most recent quarter had deterred many potent suitors. Later in June, Specific Media and pop singer Justin Timberlake bought the site for $ 35 million, which CNN reported noted
5251-437: The height. At the base of these is an imitation balcony with balusters supported on brackets . In this way the building has both a distinctive top and base. A similar projecting balcony occurs in front of the central window bay on the level below. Above the double height bays at the base of the top level sculptured lions stand on projecting brackets. The one facing the corner is winged. The parapet has raised portions each with
5340-564: The invention of the printing press and its wider distribution, there was often no clear cultural distinction between a private office and a private library ; books were both read and written at the same desk or table , as were personal and professional accounts and letters. During the 13th century, the English word "office" first began to appear when referring to a position involving specific professional duties (for example, "the office of the....") Geoffrey Chaucer appears to have first used
5429-655: The midpoint of the 20th century, it became apparent that an efficient office required more privacy in order to combat tedium, increase productivity, and encourage creativity. In 1964, the Herman Miller (office equipment) company contracted Robert Propst , a prolific industrial designer. Propst came up with the concept of the Action Office , which later evolved into the cubicle office furniture system. Offices in Japan have developed unique characteristics partly as
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#17327918736565518-900: The old News Corp. The two new companies began trading on the Nasdaq on July 1, 2013. 21st Century Fox and most of its businesses were later acquired by the Walt Disney Company in March 2019; its U.S. broadcasting, sports, and news assets were spun-off to Fox Corporation , which would be retained under Murdoch ownership. The key trends for News Corporation are (as of the financial year ending June 30): News Corporation organized an annual management conference, discussing media issues related to geopolitics . Attendees included News Corporation executives, senior journalists, politicians and celebrities. Previous events were in Cancún , Mexico, and
5607-457: The other towards publishing. The formal split was completed on June 28, 2013; the original News Corp. was renamed 21st Century Fox and consisted primarily of media outlets, while a new News Corporation was formed to take on the publishing and Australian broadcasting assets. Its major holdings at the time of the split were News Limited (a group of newspaper publishers in Murdoch's native Australia), News International (a newspaper publisher in
5696-665: The place where most government letters were written and laws were copied within a kingdom. The rooms of the chancery often had walls full of pigeonholes, constructed to hold rolled-up pieces of parchment for safekeeping or ready reference. This kind of structure was a precursor to the modern bookshelf. The introduction of the printing press during the Renaissance did not impact the setup and function of these government offices significantly. Medieval paintings and tapestries often show people in their private offices handling record-keeping books or writing on scrolls of parchment . Before
5785-445: The previous 11 years but had not paid net corporation tax. It also reported that after an examination of the available accounts, Newscorp could normally have been expected to pay corporate tax of approximately $ 350 million. The article explained that in practice, the corporation's complex structure, international scope, and use of offshore tax havens allowed News Corporation to pay minimal taxes. In late 2003, News Corp acquired
5874-540: The production process of its British newspapers, over which the printing unions had long dominated. A number of senior Australian media moguls were brought into Murdoch's powerhouse, including John Dux, who was managing director of the South China Morning Post . This led to a confrontation with the printing unions National Graphical Association and Society of Graphical and Allied Trades . The move of News International's London operation to Wapping in
5963-602: The publishing company Ziff Davis . News Corp. had planned to spin off IGN as an independent company, but failed to do so. In July 2011, News Corp closed down the News of the World newspaper in the United Kingdom due to allegations of phone hackings. The allegations include trying to access former Prime Minister Gordon Brown 's voice mail, and obtain information from his bank accounts, family's medical records, and private legal files. Allegations of hacking have also been brought up in relation to former Prime Minister Tony Blair , and
6052-459: The recent scandals and to "unlock even greater long-term shareholder value", News Corporation's assets would be split into two publicly traded companies, one oriented towards media, and the other towards publishing. News Corp's publishing operations were spun out into a second News Corporation with Robert James Thomson , editor of The Wall Street Journal , as CEO. The original News Corporation, which retained most of its media properties (such as
6141-431: The reporting by News Corporation companies. DGA head Nathan Daschle wrote to the chairman of News Corporation company Fox News , Roger Ailes : "In the interest of some fairness and balance , I request that you add a formal disclaimer to your coverage any time any of your programs covers governors or gubernatorial races between now and election day." Around the same time, News Corporation also donated $ 1 million to
6230-493: The social networking website Myspace for $ 580 million. News Corporation had beat out Viacom by offering a higher price for the website, and the purchase was seen as a good investment at the time. Of the $ 580 million purchase price, approximately $ 327 million has been attributed to the value of Myspace according to the financial adviser fairness opinion . Within a year, Myspace had tripled in value from its purchase price. In February 2007, Murdoch announced at
6319-458: The special stonework and sculptures. The building was used as a stand in for a New York City skyscraper in the 1996 film The Phantom. This inter-war commercial building is ten storeys high with a narrow frontage to Queen Street and a long side elevation. It has been designed in sympathy with adjoining buildings, matching the arcade of the GPO at its base and responding to the parapet line of
6408-791: The stage for the launch of a fourth U.S. commercial broadcasting television network. On September 4, 1985, Murdoch became a naturalized citizen to satisfy the legal requirement that only United States citizens could own American television stations. In 1986, the Metromedia deal was completed, and the Fox Broadcasting Company , simply known as Fox, launched on October 9, with Joan Rivers ' The Late Show as its late-night program, it would later air prime-time programming starting in April 1987. In 1986 and 1987, News Corp (through subsidiary News International ) moved to adjust
6497-523: The storage of frequently used files and documents. Storage space : an open or enclosed support space for the storage of commonly used office supplies. Print and copy area : an open or enclosed support space with facilities for printing, scanning and copying. Mail area : an open or semi-open support space where employees can pick up or deliver their mail. Pantry area : an open or enclosed support space where employees can get refreshments and where supplies for visitor hospitality are kept. Break area :
6586-519: The time of its break up: In anticipation of US midterm elections , News Corporation donated $ 1 million to the Republican Governors Association in June 2010. The move was criticized by Democrats, who said this was evidence of News Corporation's news outlets conservative leanings (see Fox News Channel controversies ). The Democratic Governors Association also criticized the donation and demanded more transparency in
6675-600: The use of large, open floor plans and desks that faced supervisors. As a result, in 1915, the Equitable Life Insurance Company in New York City introduced the "Modern Efficiency Desk" with a flat top and drawers below, designed to allow managers an easy view of the workers. This led to a demand for large square footage per floor in buildings, and a return to the open spaces that were seen in pre–industrial revolution buildings. However, by
6764-543: The window heads. The building was listed on the Register of the National Estate in 1987. However, that register no longer has any statutory significance. The Manor Apartment Hotel was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having met its criteria, for the following reasons: [REDACTED] This Misplaced Pages article incorporates text from "The Queensland heritage register" published by
6853-709: The word in 1395 to mean a place where business is transacted in The Canterbury Tales . As mercantilism became the dominant economic theory of the Renaissance , merchants tended to conduct their business in buildings that also sometimes housed people doing retail sales, warehousing, and clerical work. During the 15th century, the population density in many cities reached a point where merchants began to use stand-alone buildings to conduct their business. A distinction began to develop between religious, administrative/military, and commercial uses for buildings. The first purpose-built office spaces were constructed in
6942-635: Was "far less than the $ 580 million News Corp. paid for Myspace in 2005." Murdoch went on to call the Myspace purchase a "huge mistake". On July 13, 2011, Rupert Murdoch announced that the company would withdraw its takeover bid for BSkyB due to concerns relating to the News of the World scandal. News Corporation already owned, and continues to own, 39.1% of BSkyB. On June 6, 2012, News Corporation announced that it would buy out ESPN Inc. 's stake in ESPN Star Sports to gain full control over
7031-829: Was a publicly traded company listed on the Nasdaq . Formerly incorporated in Adelaide , South Australia , the company was re-incorporated under Delaware General Corporation Law after a majority of shareholders approved the move on November 12, 2004. News Corporation was headquartered at 1211 Avenue of the Americas , New York, in the newer 1960s–1970s corridor of the Rockefeller Center complex. On June 28, 2012, after concerns from shareholders in response to its recent scandals and to "unlock even greater long-term shareholder value", founder Rupert Murdoch announced that News Corporation's assets would be split into two publicly traded companies, one oriented towards media, and
7120-658: Was a U.S. citizen, Murdoch, although nearly all of the stations' equity was controlled by News Corp. In the same year, News Corporation announced a deal with MCI Communications to develop a major news website as well as funding a conservative news magazine, The Weekly Standard . In the same year, News Corp launched the Foxtel pay television network in Australia in a partnership with Telstra and Publishing & Broadcasting Limited . On July 17, 1996, News Corporation announced that it would acquire television production and broadcasting company New World Communications (who acquired
7209-465: Was an American multinational mass media corporation controlled by media mogul Rupert Murdoch and headquartered at 1211 Avenue of the Americas in New York City. Prior to its split in 2013, it was the world's largest media company in terms of total assets and the world's fourth largest media group in terms of revenue. It had become a media powerhouse since its inception, dominating the news, television, film, and print industries. News Corporation
7298-593: Was constructed between 1930 and 1931 for Colonial Mutual Life Assurance Society (CML). The Queensland branch of CML was formed in June 1874. In 1883 the society built offices at 62 Queen Street ( Colonial Mutual Chambers ). In August 1906 CML purchased this site at 289 Queen Street, adjacent to the General Post Office in the heart of the Brisbane Central Business District , and constructed new premises. The first building
7387-597: Was demolished in 1930 to enable the construction of a new commodious building on the site for the expanding society. Between 1925 and 1934 much of the south side of Queen Street was redeveloped, including National Mutual Life Association Building (1926), the Commonwealth Bank (1929) and the Australian Mutual Provident Society building (1931-1934). To compensate for the site's narrow frontage of 33 feet (10 m), an agreement
7476-431: Was developed at the turn of the twentieth century by American manufacturer, Benedict. Duhig obtained a licence from America and opened the Benedict Stone works at Bowen Hills on 9 August 1929. In February 1930 CML advanced Duhig a £ 70,000 mortgage on his properties which included the stone works. A mutually dependent relationship developed between CML, Duhig and Jack Hennessey , architect. CML used Benedict stone to build
7565-462: Was echoed on Wednesday by Sen. Robert Menendez (D-NJ), who specifically requested an investigation into 9/11 victims, as well as Sen. Frank Lautenberg (D-NJ) who encouraged an investigation by the Securities and Exchange Commission. On July 13, 2011, Representative Peter King (R-NY) wrote a letter to the FBI requesting an investigation into News Corporation's ethical practices, and on July 14,
7654-470: Was made between the Commonwealth authorities, who administer the adjoining General Post Office, and CML to allow a "right-of-way to extend the full depth of the building". In October 1930, the yet-to-demolished buildings sustained some damage following a fire; however, the fire was not the reason for the construction of the current building (as some sources suggest) as the plans had already been announced
7743-542: Was responsible for the masonry work on the building and may have created the gargoyles on the façade. The stone was delivered and positioned within seven months, setting an Australian record for stonework. Built during an economic depression, its construction provided employment for many Queensland workers. On 12 November 1931 the CML building was officially opened by the Governor, Lieutenant-General Sir John Goodwin . The ground floor provided offices for Colonial Mutual and
7832-539: Was the Brunswick Building, built in Liverpool in 1841. The invention of the safety elevator in 1852 by Elisha Otis enabled the rapid upward escalation of buildings. By the end of the 19th century, larger office buildings frequently contained large glass atriums to allow light into the complex and improve air circulation. By 1906, Sears , Roebuck, and Co. had opened their headquarters operation in
7921-520: Was the NY City Education Department's partner for its School of One pilot program (now Teach to One ). In late February 2011, News Corp officially put the now-struggling Myspace up for sale, which was estimated to be worth $ 50–200 million. Losses from the last quarter of 2010 were $ 156 million, over double of the previous year, which dragged down the otherwise strong results of parent News Corp. Its struggles were attributed to
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