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108-602: The Toruń University ranking among the other Polish faculties is the following: The Collegium Medicum is a separate branch of the "Nicolaus Copernicus University" in Toruń located in Bydgoszcz: with three faculties it provides education in eleven departments with several specialties within these departments. Two University Hospitals of Bydgoszcz are associated with the Collegium Medicum: Furthermore,

216-414: A bow window framed by geometric vertical lines. On a side wall, the construction date, Erbau im Jahre 1909–10 , is inscribed inside a stuccoed coat of arms adorned by festoons . 1909–1910, by Erich Lindenburger Landhaus style The first landlord was Richard Von Colbe, a rentier . He lived there till the outbreak of WWII . in 1915, one of the tenants was Major General von Kundel, commander of

324-552: A House of Science ( Polish : Dom Nauki ) was erected, housing dormitory for students and apartments for academic teachers. On September 1, 1975, an additional branch of the Gdańsk Medical University was established, which extended the education also to the fourth year pupils. In 1977, a building for the Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Medicine was commissioned. In 1979, a second faculty of Medicine

432-536: A Regional Center for Telemedicine at the "University Hospital No. 1-Dr. Antoni Jurasz". In October 2013, the former Prussian Eastern Railway Headquarters located at 63 Dworcowa Street was handed over to the CM UMK in order to install a dentistry faculty. The project is still on hold, as the necessary renovations to adapt and equip the building to the needs of the university are too expensive for its budget (about 30 million zł ). In 2019, an architectural competition

540-424: A beautiful urban landscape. The extensive roadworks have also drawn attention to the declining population numbers, casting doubt that the city might over-delivered for the future number of road users, as the demographic trends forecast from Statistics Poland predicts a reduction of population by almost 1/4 by year 2050. The city's public transport system comprises five tram lines and about 40 bus routes, covering

648-576: A department of Laboratory diagnostics was launched. On January 31, 1989, the Medical Academy in Bydgoszcz was named after Ludwik Rydygier . The university also received the responsibility of the "University Hospital No. 1-Dr. Antoni Jurasz", where new clinics and departments were opened. A surgery Department and Clinic was also established in Toruń . In 1990, the Medical Academy purchased

756-459: A few years' time "BiT City" will be integrated with local transportation systems of Toruń and Bydgoszcz, thus creating a uniform metropolitan transportation network – with all necessary funds having been secured in 2008. Since September 2008, the "one-ticket" solution has been introduced also as regards a rail connection with Włocławek , as a "regional ticket". The same is planned for connection with Grudziądz . Two bus depots serve to connect

864-534: A growing Jewish community. In 1809, Toruń was successfully defended by the Poles against the Austrians. After being re-annexed by Prussia in 1815, Toruń was subjected to Germanisation and became a strong center of Polish resistance against such policies. The city's first synagogue was inaugurated in 1847. New Polish institutions were established, such as Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu ( Toruń Scientific Society ),

972-724: A major Polish institution in the Prussian Partition of Poland, founded in 1875. After World War I , Poland declared independence and regained control over the city. In interwar Poland , Toruń was the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship . During World War II , Germany occupied the city from 7 September 1939 to 1 February 1945. Einsatzkommando 16 entered the city to commit various crimes against Poles . Under German occupation, local people were subjected to arrests, expulsions , slave labor , deportations to concentration camps and executions, especially

1080-426: A merchand, has been "under construction" for several years at the turn of the 20th century. In the late 1900s, Albert Jahnke has the edifice erected and put for rental. In the following years, the tenement moved under the property of Ludwig Kolwitz, the entrepreneur of the neighbouring metalwork industry. From 1909 on, the building housed Hermann Boetcher, also owner of a neighbouring metalwork industry. More recently,

1188-595: A new building for Rehabilitation medicine and a modern facility at the Clinical Hospital. In 1999, a doctorate studies cycle opened and a teaching center of the nursing faculty set up in Włocławek . In 2000, the Faculty of Nursing became the "Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences", introducing the study of public health with three specialties: In 2001, the Faculty of Pharmacy introduced specializations of

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1296-417: A newly created special economic zone. As a result of cooperation of the companies mentioned above, a vast high-tech complex is to be constructed in the next few years, providing as many as 10,000 jobs (a prediction for ) at the cost of about 450 million euros. As of 2008 , the creation of another special economic zone is being considered, this time inside city limits. Thanks to its architectural heritage Toruń

1404-580: A number of regular flights to European cities. Although a medium-sized city, Toruń is the site of the headquarters of some of the largest companies in Poland, or at least of their subsidiaries. The official unemployment rate, as of September 2008 , is 5.4%. In 2006, construction of new plants owned by Sharp Corporation and other companies of mainly Japanese origin has started in the neighboring community of Łysomice - about 10 kilometres (6 miles) from city centre. The facilities under construction are located in

1512-559: A site of intense building construction investments, mainly residential and in its transportation network. The latter has been possible partly due to the use of European Union funds assigned for new member states. Toruń city county generates by far the highest number of new dwellings built each year among all Kuyavian-Pomeranian counties, both relative to its population as well as in absolute values. It has led to almost complete rebuilding of some districts. As of 2008 , many major constructions are either under development or are to be launched soon -

1620-872: A third of the overall UMK personnel and a third of the UMK students are working in Bydgoszcz. In addition to a large spectrum of activities (teaching, education, research and development), the medical university conducts highly specialized therapeutic tasks for the entire Voivodeship . Collegium Medicum takes part in many international research and teaching programs, organizing national and international academic conferences . Regular scientific contacts are exchanged with other centers in Germany ( Wuppertal , Berlin , Kiel ), Switzerland ( Aarau ), Netherlands ( Amsterdam ), France ( Paris ), Sweden ( Lund ), Norway ( Sandvik ), Belgium ( Antwerp , Liège ) and United States ( Houston ). The university also conducts operations for

1728-489: A time when religious conflicts occurred in many other European countries and the disastrous Thirty Years' War was fought west of Poland, in Toruń, on the initiative of King Władysław IV Vasa , a three-month congress of European Catholics, Lutherans and Calvinists was held, known as Colloquium Charitativum; an important event in the history of interreligious dialogue. During the Great Northern War (1700–21),

1836-477: A tramway line is created, running from the main train station to Bielawy district. Its path, still active, follows Chodkiewicza street, including the end-of-line loop. Since 2010, several investments have been realized nearby: In 2016, the street underwent a major refurbishment involving the removal of many old chestnut trees . For a long time, the axis consisted of two separate streets, divided by today's Ogiński street, which marked city limits until 1920. Hence

1944-625: Is influenced by the geographical location of the city – the Toruń Basin to the south, and the Vistula Valley to the north. The most recent statistics show a decrease in the population of the city, from 211,169 in 2001 (highest) to 202,562 in 2018. Among the demographic trends influencing this decline, are: suburbanisation, migration to larger urban centres, and wider trends observed in the whole of Poland such as general population decline, slowed down by immigration in 2017. The birth rate in

2052-482: Is known as Kulm law . In 1236, due to frequent flooding, it was relocated to the present site of the Old Town. In 1239 Franciscan friars settled in the city, followed in 1263 by Dominicans . In 1264 the adjacent New Town was founded, predominantly to house Torun's growing population of craftsmen and artisans, who predominantly came from German-speaking lands. In 1280, the city (or as it was then, both cities) joined

2160-561: Is one of the oldest cities in Poland; it was first settled in the 8th century and in 1233 was expanded by the Teutonic Knights . For centuries it was home to people of diverse backgrounds and religions. From 1264 until 1411, Toruń was part of the Hanseatic League and by the 17th century a leading trading point, which greatly affected the city's architecture, ranging from Brick Gothic to Mannerist and Baroque . In

2268-562: Is visited by more than 1.5 million tourists a year (1.6 million in 2007). This makes tourism an important branch of the local economy, although time spent in the city by individual tourists or the number of hotels, which can serve them, are still not considered satisfactory. Major investments in renovation of the city's monuments, building new hotels (including high-standard ones), improvement in promotion, as well as launching new cultural and scientific events and facilities, give very good prospects for Toruń's tourism. In recent years Toruń has been

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2376-636: The 32nd International Film Festival of the Art of Cinematography Camerimage screened Steve McQueen 's historical war drama Blitz , the first half of Jon M. Chu 's two-part musical fantasy film Wicked , and the world premiere of Joel Souza 's western film Rust . Toruń has two drama theatres ( Teatr im. Wilama Horzycy with three stages and Teatr Wiczy ), two children's theatres ( Baj Pomorski and Zaczarowany Świat ), two music theatres ( Mała Rewia , Studencki Teatr Tańca ), and numerous other theatre groups. The city hosts, among others events,

2484-472: The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth army , Field Hetman of Lithuania , Grand Hetman of Lithuania and one of the most prominent noblemen and military commanders of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth of his time. Built in the 1930s by Paweł Wawrzon Modern architecture Adam Wysocki, running a business of chimney sweeping , commissioned the building in the early 1930s. Local architect

2592-603: The Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg , Mauthausen and Dachau concentration camps. Nonetheless, the Polish resistance movement was active in the city, and Toruń was the seat of one of the six main commands of the Union of Armed Struggle in occupied Poland (alongside Warsaw , Kraków , Poznań , Białystok and Lwów ). During the occupation, Germany established and operated Stalag XX-A prisoner-of-war camp in

2700-621: The Vistula . In the 10th century it became part of the emerging Polish state ruled by the Piast dynasty . In spring 1231 the Teutonic Knights crossed the river Vistula near Nieszawa and established a fortress. On 28 December 1233, the Teutonic Knights Hermann von Salza and Hermann Balk , signed the city charters for Toruń ( Thorn ) and Chełmno ( Kulm ). The original document was lost in 1244. The set of rights in general

2808-601: The three stages of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA): In 2020/2021, 4870 students study at the Collegium Medicum, including 551 doctorates and more than 300 foreigners (mainly from Norway , Ireland , The Netherlands ). The same academic year, 857 teachers were employed at the Collegium Medicum, comprising 188 professors or habilitated doctors and 5 assistant professors . The university employees in Bydgoszcz represent nearly

2916-462: The 16th to the 18th centuries. Toruń, unlike many other historic cities in Poland, escaped substantial destruction in World War II. Particularly left intact was the Old Town, all of whose important architectural monuments are originals, not reconstructions. Major renovation projects have been undertaken in recent years to improve the condition and external presentation of the Old Town. Besides

3024-505: The 1970s and 1980s, located between the central and easternmost districts; their total population is about 70,000. The Bydgoszcz–Toruń metro area of Toruń and Bydgoszcz , their counties, and a number of smaller towns, may in total have a population of as much as 800,000. Thus the area contains about one third of the population of the Kuyavia-Pomerania region (which has about 2.1 million inhabitants). The transport network in

3132-512: The Brigade in Bromberg . The house, though damaged, exhibits landhaus style, altered by early modern architecture: End of the 19th century Landhaus style One of the earliest building erected in the street, located at the time at 26 Sedan straße . The first owner was August Hempel who lived at 6 Peterson straße (today's Obrońców Bydgoszczy street ). At the time, one of the tenant was

3240-675: The CM in Bydgoszcz are an integral part of the UKM but keep at the same time a granted autonomy, which allows for instance the possibility of an independent conduct of the personnel policy by the Vice-Rector for CM within a separate budget. In 2006, new headquarters of the Pharmacy Faculty were unveiled at Jurasza street and in 2009 an expansion to the "University Hospital No. 1-Dr. Antoni Jurasz" started. Several buildings previously owned by

3348-612: The Early Modern period, Toruń was a royal city of Poland and one of Poland's four largest cities. With the partitions of Poland in the late 18th century, it became part of Prussia , then of the short-lived Duchy of Warsaw , serving as the temporary Polish capital in 1809, then again of Prussia, of the German Empire and, after World War I , of the reborn Polish Republic . During the Second World War , Toruń

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3456-771: The Germans imprisoned Poles in Fort VII of the Toruń Fortress . On 17–19 October 1939 alone, the German police and the Selbstschutz arrested 1,200 Poles in Toruń and Toruń County. In early November 1939, the Germans carried out further mass arrests of Polish teachers, farmers and priests in Toruń and the county, who were then imprisoned in Fort VII. Imprisoned Poles were then either deported to concentration camps or murdered onsite. Large massacres of over 1,100 Poles from

3564-554: The King issued the famous Statutes of Nieszawa , covering a set of privileges for the Polish nobility ; an event that is regarded as the birth of the noble democracy in Poland, which lasted until the country's demise in 1795. In 1473, Nicolaus Copernicus was born, and in 1501 Polish king John I Albert died in Toruń; his heart was buried in St. John's Cathedral . In 1500, the Tuba Dei ,

3672-640: The Knights' policies. From 1452, talks between Polish King Casimir IV Jagiellon and the burghers of the Confederation were held at Dybów Castle. The Confederation rose against the Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights in 1454 and its delegation submitted a petition to Polish King Casimir IV Jagiellon asking him to regain power over the region as its rightful ruler. An act of incorporation

3780-685: The Polish curriculum: hence the institution welcomed in 2020 around 300 students, mainly from Ireland , Great Britain , Denmark , Italy , Sweden , Norway , Spain , Saudi Arabia , United States, Canada , India and Thailand . UMK status of "research university" was awarded as one of 10 Polish universities in the competition of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education "Initiative of Excellence - Research University" performed on October 30, 2019. Each year Collegium Medicum UMK participates in international scientific and didactic programs. As of 2021,

3888-647: The Polish elites as part of the Intelligenzaktion . A group of Polish railwaymen and policemen from Toruń were murdered by the German gendarmerie and Wehrmacht in Gąbin on 19–21 September 1939. Local Poles, including activists, teachers and priests, arrested in Toruń and Toruń County beginning in September 1939, were initially held in the pre-war prison, and after it became overcrowded in October 1939,

3996-615: The Polish king during the incorporation in March 1454 in Kraków, and then in May 1454, an official ceremony was held in Toruń, in which the nobility, knights, landowners, mayors and local officials from Chełmno Land , including Toruń, again solemnly swore allegiance to the Polish king and the Kingdom of Poland. Since 1454, the city has been authorized by King Casimir IV to mint Polish coins. During

4104-546: The Prussian government to build in a 6.5 hectares (16 acres)-area, north of Bleichfelder Strasse (previous name of Chodkiewicza), a real estate project of two-story, single-family brick houses called Villen Kolonie . The ensemble was completed in two years and caused a serious crisis on the real estate market of Bromberg center: as a result, the city refused to connect the Villenkolonie Bleichfelde to

4212-661: The Toruń Chamber Orchestra) is well-rooted in the Toruń cultural landscape. Jana Karola Chodkiewicza Street in Bydgoszcz Chodkiewicza street is one of the most important arteries of Bydgoszcz centre, enabling to cross the city on an east-west axis. Many buildings along this axis undeniably carry historic importance, some are registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage list. Located in

4320-563: The Toruń's first museum ( Musaeum ) was established at the school, beginning the city's museal traditions. A city of great wealth and influence, it enjoyed voting rights during the royal election period. Sejms of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth were held in Toruń in 1576 and 1626. In 1557, during the Protestant Reformation , the city adopted Protestantism . Under Mayor Henryk Stroband (1586–1609),

4428-630: The UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites since 1997, Toruń has many monuments of architecture dating back to the Middle Ages . The city is famous for having preserved almost intact its medieval spatial layout and many Gothic buildings, all built from brick , including monumental churches, the Town Hall and many burgher houses. Toruń has the largest number of preserved Gothic houses in Poland , many with Gothic wall paintings or wood-beam ceilings from

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4536-425: The academy took over the management of the "Hospital No. 2" (renamed after Dr. Jan Biziel in 1992), transforming it into a teaching hospital . Simultaneously, buildings for theoretical teachings of 1st- and 2nd years were completed and a further expansion of the "University Hospital No. 1-Dr. Antoni Jurasz" was under way. The Faculty of Medicine got the right to confer In 1987, the Faculty of Pharmacy including

4644-555: The avenue bore two distinctive names, until the Second World War when both sections were merged into one street, Albrecht Dürer straße . After 1945, a resolution of the Municipal National Council (Nr.VIII/45) endorsed the path to carry a unique name. However, until 1945, Chodkiewicza street bore the following names: Current naming refers to Jan Karol Chodkiewicz (1561–1621), a military commander of

4752-560: The building at 13 Jagiellońska street from the former Provincial Committee of the PZPR : there were located the offices of the rector and the dean, faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, the university administration, lecture rooms, a canteen and an additional dormitory . In 1992, at the Ciechocinek Health Resort Hospital were opened a chair and a clinic of balneotherapy and Metabolism Diseases . In 1994,

4860-559: The camp, and around 1,000 died there, including about 400 children. From 1941 to 1945, a German forced labour camp was located in the city. In the spring of 1942, the Germans murdered 30 Polish scouts aged 13–16 in Fort VII. While the city's population suffered many atrocities, as described, there were no battles or bombings that damaged its buildings. Thus, the city avoided damage during both World Wars, and retained its historic architecture, ranging from Gothic through Renaissance and Baroque to 19th and 20th century styles. Listed on

4968-467: The city and region, including teachers, school principals, local officials, restaurateurs, shop owners, merchants, farmers, railwaymen, policemen, craftsmen, students, priests, workers, doctors, were carried out in the present-day district of Barbarka . Six mass graves were discovered after the war, in five of which the bodies of the victims were burned, as the Germans had tried to cover up the crime. Local teachers were also among Polish teachers murdered in

5076-471: The city and some of the neighboring communities. Toruń is situated at a major road junction, one of the most important in Poland. The A1 highway reaches Toruń, and a southern beltway surrounds the city. Besides these, the European route E75 and a number of domestic roads (numbered 10, 15, and 80) run through the city. With three main railway stations ( Toruń Główny , Toruń Miasto and Toruń Wschodni),

5184-490: The city became centralized. Administrative power passed into the hands of the city council. In 1595, Jesuits arrived to promote the Counter-Reformation , taking control of St John's Church. Protestant city officials tried to limit the influx of Catholics into the city, as Catholics (Jesuits and Dominican friars) already controlled most of the churches, leaving only St Mary's for Protestant citizens. In 1645, at

5292-703: The city fell back to the Teutonic Order. In 1411, the city left the Hanseatic League. In the 1420s, Polish King Władysław II Jagiełło built the Dybów Castle , located in present-day left-bank Toruń, which he visited numerous times. During the next big Polish–Teutonic War , Dybów Castle was occupied by the Teutonic Knights from 1431 to 1435. In 1440, the gentry of Toruń co-founded the Prussian Confederation to further oppose

5400-421: The city has undergone major development in recent years. The partial completion of ring road (East and South), the completion of the second bridge (2013) and various road, and cycling lane improvements, including construction of Trasa Średnicowa , have decidedly improved the traffic in the city. However, noise barriers that have been erected along the new or refurbished roads have been criticised as not conducive to

5508-511: The city in 2017 was 0.75. Low birthrates have been consistent in the city for the first two decades of 21st Century. The official forecasts from Statistics Poland state that by 2050 the city population will have declined to 157,949. Inside the city itself, most of the population is concentrated on the right (northern) bank of the Vistula river. Two of the most densely populated areas are Rubinkowo and Na Skarpie, housing projects built mostly in

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5616-443: The city is a major rail junction, with two important lines crossing there ( Warsaw – Bydgoszcz and Wrocław – Olsztyn ). Two other lines stem from Toruń, toward Malbork and Sierpc . The rail connection with Bydgoszcz is run under a name "BiT City" as a "metropolitan rail". Its main purpose is to allow traveling between and within these cities using one ticket. A joint venture of Toruń, Bydgoszcz , Solec Kujawski and

5724-639: The city was besieged by Swedish troops. The restoration of Augustus II the Strong as King of Poland was prepared in the city in the Treaty of Thorn (1709) by the Russian tsar Peter the Great . In the second half of the 17th century, tensions between Catholics and Protestants grew. In the early 18th century about 50 percent of the populace, especially the gentry and middle class, were German-speaking Protestants, while

5832-474: The city were transformed, such as in Świętojańska and Sandomierska streets. Between 2007 and 2011, three new departments were opened, dietetics , obstetrics and emergency medicine . The university launched the first bone marrow transplant center in northern Poland at the Department Clinic of Pediatrics , Hematology and Oncology . The Collegium Medicum cooperates to the work aimed at creating

5940-401: The city with other towns and cities in Poland. As of 2008 , a small sport airfield exists in Toruń; however, a modernization of the airport is seriously considered with a number of investors interested in it. Independently of this, Bydgoszcz Ignacy Jan Paderewski Airport , located about 50 kilometres (31 miles) from Toruń city centre, serves the whole Bydgoszcz-Toruń metropolitan area, with

6048-399: The city, with multiple forced labour subcamps in the region, in which Polish, British, French , Australian and Soviet POWs were held. From 1940 to 1943, in the northern part of the city the German transit camp Umsiedlungslager Thorn  [ pl ] for Poles expelled from Toruń and the surrounding area, became infamous for inhuman sanitary conditions. Over 12,000 Poles passed through

6156-544: The death of her husband, famous explorer and writer, Toruń native, Tony Halik . It is managed by the District Museum in Toruń . The Centre of Contemporary Art ( Centrum Sztuki Współczesnej - CSW ) opened in June 2008 and is one of the most important cultural facilities of this kind in Poland. The modern building is located in the very centre of the city, adjacent to the Old Town. The Toruń Symphonic Orchestra (formerly

6264-413: The director of the abutting municipal brick factory (dismantled after the second world war). The villa, renovated in 2019, displays nice characteristics of late Art Nouveau -early modern architecture . One can appreciate inside painted wallpapers characteristic for Bydgoszcz and a staircase adorned with mosaic . Outside, one can highlight the original metal and woodworking on the facade, as well as

6372-527: The early 20th century, the avenue was the main street of the village, concentrating the majority of the existing buildings. On June 13, 1890, German railway officials found Beamten – Wohnungsverein GmbH ( Official Housing Association ), a global housing cooperative. In 1902, the Bromberg seat, ancestor of today's Bydgoszcz Housing Cooperative ( Polish : Bydgoska Spółdzielnia Mieszkaniowa ) used loans from

6480-403: The east delineated by present day Gdańska, Krasińskiego , Ogiński and Chodkiewicza streets was then purchased by municipal authorities. This domain, so-called Hempelscher Felde from the name of a previous landlord, was divided at the end of the 19th century and mapped out to draft streets. The first houses on Chodkiewicza street date back to the beginning of the 20th century, mostly located on

6588-422: The field of broadly understood medical sciences. The structure of the Collegium Medicum is organized by faculty and departments, as well as theoretical departments. The Faculty of Medicine was founded in 1984. It is located at 13 Jagiellońska street . The current dean is prof. dr hab. Zbigniew Włodarczyk (May 2021). The faculty is constructed around the following departments or chairs : The Faculty of Pharmacy

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6696-600: The field of medicine and medical biology. In 2004, the Medical University in Bydgoszcz had 115 scientific and didactic organizational units, including 44 at the Faculty of Medicine, 23 at the Faculty of Pharmacy, 42 at the Faculty of Health Sciences and 6 inter-department bodies. The teaching personnel comprised 551 academic teachers among which 113 independent research and teaching staff, 91 professors and 21 doctors. Since 1998, seven people have been made Honorary degree doctors. In 2004, 3720 pupils were studying at

6804-483: The growing Medical University numbered 445 academic teachers including 48 professors, associate professors and habilitated doctors. Students were educated within two faculties comprising two departments. In 1996, the Psychiatry and Clinic division moved to a facility at Kurpiński street and an Intercollegiate Center of Medical Physics was established. Two years later, a "Nursing Department" was established as well as

6912-461: The history of Toruń and the region. Among others, the "House of Kopernik" and the accompanying museum commemorate Nicolaus Copernicus and his revolutionary work, the university museum reveals the history of the city's academic past. The Tony Halik Travelers' Museum ( Muzeum Podróżników im. Tony Halika ) was established in 2003 after Elżbieta Dzikowska donated to citizens of Toruń a collection of objects from various countries and cultures following

7020-452: The horizontal arrangement, white top, blue bottom, equal in size. The flag of the city of Toruń is a bipartite sheet. The upper field is white, the lower field is blue. If the flag is hung vertically, the upper edge of the flag must be on the left. The flag with the coat of arms is also in use. The ratio of the height of the coat of arms to the width of the flag is 1:2. The climate can be described as humid continental ( Köppen : Dfb ) if

7128-407: The house was occupied by the Gestapo. In 1945, it was taken over by the NKVD and then by the Ministry of Public Security , better known as UB . This office arranged there a Police departement for children in the end of the 1970s, which closed in 2010. In January 2017, the city authorities decided to sell the facility: however, the case is still to be decided by the court since the owners opposed

7236-417: The institution operates other centers in the city: and also facilities in Toruń : Additionally, the university conducts teaching activities at the 10th Military Hospital in Bydgoszcz. The Collegium Medicum manages two university dormitories : one downtown, at 13 Jagiellońska street and one in the eastern district of Fordon at Bartłomieja z Bydgoszczy street. The instruction is organized according to

7344-443: The international theatre festival, "Kontakt", annually in May. A building called Baj Pomorski has recently been completely reconstructed. It is now one of the most modern cultural facilities in the city, with its front elevation in the shape of a gigantic chest of drawers. It is located at the south-east edge of the Old Town. Toruń has two cinemas including a Cinema City , which has over 2,000 seats. Over ten major museums document

7452-409: The isotherm of 0 °C (32 °F) is used or an oceanic climate ( Cfb ) if the −3 °C (27 °F) isotherm is adopted. Back in 1930s, the city passed close to the original boundary and dividing line of climates C and D groups in the north–south direction proposed by climatologist Wladimir Köppen . Toruń is in the transition between the milder climates of the west and north of the Poland and

7560-416: The largest church bell in Poland at the time, was installed at Toruń Cathedral, and a bridge across the Vistula was built, the country's longest wooden bridge at the time. In 1506, Toruń became a royal city of Poland. In 1528, the royal mint started operating in Toruń. In 1568, a gymnasium was founded, which after 1594 became one of the leading schools of northern Poland for centuries to come. Also in 1594,

7668-459: The local community, such as the medical science festival "Medicalia" organized periodically at the end of the year in Bydgoszcz. In 1991, the UMK-Collegium Medicum was registered into the World Health Organization database. The origin of Bydgoszcz Medical Academy, present day UMK-Collegium Medicum, dates back to 1951, when was set up in the city the first "Department of Physicians' Development" ( Polish : Zakład Szkolenia Lekarzy ) in Poland: it

7776-463: The local seat of the Alliance française moved in the tenement. One can underlight in this large edifice the hip roofing , a corner bay window garnished with a stylized mascaron together with a vegetal stuccoed motif on top of one of the facades. 1911, by Alfred Schleusener Late Art Nouveau -early modern architecture The commissioner of the villa was Rudolf Kaufmann, a merchand. In

7884-443: The main downtown thoroughfare. Renovated in the late 2010s, part of the original decor (door carpentry, metal balcony balustrades, ceramic tiles) is still preserved. 1909–1910 presumably by Rudolf Kern Landhaus style Built well before the building at today's corner with Gdańska street, the house bore for a long time the address 120 Dantziger straße . The villa, renovated in 2019, boasts early modern architecture style, with

7992-406: The medical analytics curriculum: biotechnology (the second opening in this area in the country) and biomedicine IT . The Polish Ministry of Health awarded the Medical University of Bydgoszcz with the highest evaluation of all medical academies in Poland. In 2002, the Clinical Hospital capacity was significantly expanded by the commissioning of a 10-level building. In 2004, the university completed

8100-400: The medieval part of the city was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site . In 2007 the Old Town of Toruń was added to the list of Seven Wonders of Poland . The first settlement in the vicinity of Toruń is dated by archaeologists to 1100 BC ( Lusatian culture ). During early medieval times, in the 7th through 13th centuries, it was the location of an old Slavonic settlement, at a ford of

8208-609: The mercantile Hanseatic League , and thus became an important medieval trade centre. In the 14th century, papal verdicts ordered the restoration of the area to Poland, however, the Teutonic Knights did not comply and continued to occupy the region. The city was recaptured by Poland in 1410 during the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War however, after the First Peace of Thorn was signed in the city in February 1411,

8316-563: The middle of the 1930s, one of the tenant was Jan Montowski, a gynecology surgeon at the Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Bydgoszcz (then called Szpital Św. Floriana Zgromadzenia Sióstr Miłosierdzia św. Wincentego a Paulo ) on Świętego Floriana street . Jan Montowski soon became the director of the hospital before the war. Arrested by the Gestapo , he died in an unknown place and was pronounced dead on September 30, 1939. During WWII ,

8424-409: The more extreme ones like the south (warmer summer) and the east (colder winter). It is not much different from the climates of more southerly Kraków and easterly Warsaw , though it has slightly milder winters and more moderate summers. Being close to definitely continental climates , it has a high variability caused by the contact of eastern continental air masses and western oceanic ones. This

8532-556: The municipal decision. The site has been entered in the city register of monuments. The villa is in a bad state, waiting to be taken over by official proprietors. Alfred Schleusener designed a house with Art Nouveau hints (round corners roof, light stucco on facade pillars), but his mind was well oriented towards the then nascent trend of modern architecture. Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list , Nr.A/1384 (September 16, 2008) 1907, by Rudolf Kern Art Nouveau The first landlord and building commissioner

8640-458: The municipal water supply and energy infrastructure until 1920. Several factories set up along the northern side of then Bleichfelder Weg during the end of the Prussian period (1900–1920): Most of these facilities were linked to the city railway network, using a branch (now gone) extending to southern urban facilities, such as the city gasworks and the city slaughterhouse . After 1945,

8748-482: The northern part of Bydgoszcz, the avenue runs through Bocianowo and Bielawy districts, together with the tram line Nr.4 following its path. Chodkiewicza street starts on its western side at the crossing with Gdańska Street and ends in the east when intercepting the urban portion of the S5 expressway . In the 1870s, the northern extension of Gdańska Street reached today's intersection with Chodkiewicza street. The area in

8856-516: The nucleus of the medical university teaching team. In 1971, a faculty of medicine from the Medical University of Gdańsk was established in Bydgoszcz, as a Clinical Teaching Team , for 5th-year students. At the same time, in 1972 a "Pharmaceutical Study" was set up by the "Warsaw Medical Center of Postgraduate Education", aiming at training pharmacists from all over the country. In 1974, full-time studies for 5th-year were introduced and

8964-639: The other 50 percent were Polish-speaking Roman Catholics. Protestant influence was subsequently pushed back after the Tumult of Thorn of 1724. After the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, the city was annexed by Prussia . It was briefly regained by Poles as part of the Duchy of Warsaw in 1807–1815, even serving as the temporary capital in April and May 1809. During these years the city began to attract

9072-477: The possibility of a new bridge over the Vistula, and more. Construction of the A1 motorway and th e BiT City fast metropolitan railway also directly affects the city. About 25,000 local firms are registered in Toruń. The internationally renowned film festival Camerimage was founded in Toruń in 1993, and has been held annually in the city since 2019. In 2024, with Australian actress Cate Blanchett as jury president,

9180-458: The preserved bartizan . 1909–1910, by Erich Lindenburger Landhaus style Karl Magdaliński, a land owner, was the first proprietor of the house. Erich Lindenburger designed the villa as a different version of the one at Nr.4: a larger gambrel roof, a small bow window on the ground floor and still some late- Art Nouveau /early modern architecture features. Beginning of the 20th century Art Nouveau The plot owned by Albert Jahnke,

9288-515: The provincial hospitals of Bydgoszcz. During 4 years (1953–1957), the local branch of the Institute was chaired by prof. Jan Szymański, his successor was prof. Jan Małecki. In 1959, the Institute was transformed into a "Medical Training Center" and incorporated in the Medical University of Warsaw . At that time, the 2nd clinic of otorhinolaryngology was established in Bydgoszcz and the postgraduate training of doctors in other medical disciplines

9396-490: The renovation of the edifice at 20 Świętojańska street, donated by the city authorities to research and teaching units. In the 2000s, scientific research conducted by the institution focused on various domains: neoplasm , injury and their consequences for the body, cardiovascular diseases , allergic diseases , alcohol, nicotine and drug addictions , family health protection, molecular biology and genetics . In addition, many unique research works have been carried out in

9504-459: The renovation of various buildings, projects such as the reconstruction of the pavement of the streets and squares (reversing them to their historical appearance), and the introduction of new plants, trees and objects of 'small architecture', are underway. Numerous buildings and other constructions, including the city walls along the boulevard, are illuminated at night, creating an impressive effect - probably unique among Polish cities with respect to

9612-769: The same assembly allocated to the nascent university buildings at 30 Chodkiewicza street (which are today the seat of the UKW ) as well as other buildings that were under then the property of the University of Technology and Life Sciences and the Institutes of Agriculture . In the 1960s, however, the university could not yet be established as it had too few independent research workers. At last by 1970, five doctors and one pharmacist obtained their postdoctoral habilitation and over twenty scholars got their Doctorate of medicine . These nominations helped to create what would become

9720-811: The size of Toruń's Old Town and the scale of the illumination project itself. Toruń is also home to the Zoo and Botanical Garden opened in 1965 and 1797 respectively and is one of the city's popular tourist attractions. Toruń is divided into 24 administrative districts (dzielnica) or boroughs, each with a degree of autonomy within its own municipal government. The Districts include: Barbarka , Bielany, Bielawy, Bydgoskie Przedmieście, Chełmińskie Przedmieście, Czerniewice, Glinki, Grębocin nad Strugą, Jakubskie Przedmieście, Kaszczorek, Katarzynka, Koniuchy, Mokre, Na Skarpie, Piaski , Podgórz , Rubinkowo, Rudak, Rybaki, Stare Miasto ( Old Town ), Starotoruńskie Przedmieście, Stawki, Winnica, Wrzosy. The colors of Toruń are white and blue in

9828-489: The title of "doctor" honoris causa to the following people: Since 2004, the title of "doctor" honoris causa of the UMK has been granted to the following notables: 53°07′26″N 18°00′28″E  /  53.12389°N 18.00778°E  / 53.12389; 18.00778 Toru%C5%84 Toruń is a city on the Vistula River in north-central Poland and a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Its population

9936-501: The university has joined the following platforms: Doctoral students syllabus, established on May 28, 2019, is also very dynamic. The Doctoral School educates doctoral students in 3 scientific disciplines: pharmaceutical sciences, medical sciences and health sciences. Doctoral students are as well the organizers of the "iMEDIC" (International Medical Interdisciplinary Congress), a professional forum of researchers, where they can share their works and achievements, and expand their knowledge in

10044-621: The university, more than at the Medical University of Łódź or the Medical Academies of Szczecin , Białystok and Gdańsk . On October 14, 2003, the council of the Medical Academy in Bydgoszcz agreed upon the merge with the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (UMK) , which was ratified by the UMK leading body on October 28. A prerequisite condition was for the medical university to keep its own naming/patron and its own seat in Bydgoszcz. The unification

10152-408: The value of some of them exceeding 100 million euros. They include a new speedway stadium, major shopping and entertainment centres, a commercial complex popularly called a "New Centre of Toruń", a music theater, a centre of contemporary art, hotels, office buildings, facilities for the Nicolaus Copernicus University , roads and tram routes, sewage and fresh water delivery systems, residential projects,

10260-414: The voivodeship, it is considered as important in integrating Bydgoszcz-Toruń metropolitan area. A major modernization of BiT City railroute, as well as a purchase of completely new vehicles to serve the line, is planned for 2008 and 2009. Technically, it will allow to travel between Toruń-East and Bydgoszcz-Airport stations at a speed of 120 km/h (75 mph) in a time of approximately half an hour. In

10368-680: The war, Casimir IV often stayed at the Dybów Castle and Toruń financially supported the Polish Army. The New Town and Old Town amalgamated in 1454. The Thirteen Years' War ended in 1466, with the Second Peace of Thorn , in which the Teutonic Order renounced any claims to the city and recognised it as part of Poland. The Polish king granted the town great privileges, similar to those of Gdańsk . Also in 1454 at Dybów Castle ,

10476-415: The western part of the street, close to the main axis of the city that was (and still is) Gdańska street. This section comprised low tenement houses with front gardens: one can still appreciate instances of these buildings at Nos. 2,5,4-6 or 8. Before 1920, the eastern section of Chodkiewicza street was situated beyond Bydgoszcz city limits, in the rural commune of Bleichfelde (English: Bleachfield ). In

10584-608: Was 196,935 as of December 2021. Previously, it was the capital of the Toruń Voivodeship (1975–1998) and the Pomeranian Voivodeship (1921–1945). Since 1999, Toruń has been a seat of the local government of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and is one of its two capitals, together with Bydgoszcz . The cities and neighboring counties form the Bydgoszcz–Toruń twin city metropolitan area. Toruń

10692-415: Was Paweł Wawrzon, from Bydgoszcz, living at 6 Kościuszki street. Geometric features of the facades recall contemporary realizations in the city, especially those designed by Jan Kossowski or Bolesław Polakiewicz . Built 1932–1933 by Józef Grodzki Modern architecture This functionalist tenement, together with the opposite one at 100 Gdańska street, strongly contrasts with the ancient buildings of

10800-481: Was announced to develop an architectural concept for the expansion of the research and teaching facility in the area delineated by Jurasza, Marii Skłodowskiej Curie streets and Cardinal Wyszyńskiego, Powstańców Wielkopolskich avenues. In 2020, the CM employed over 1,400 personnel (including more than 850 academic teachers) and taught nearly 5,000 students in three faculties: Medicine, Pharmacy and Health Sciences. Collegium Medicum UMK also offers English studies based on

10908-507: Was created in Bydgoszcz by the Medical University of Gdańsk. The Ministry of Health allowed the tentative build-up of an integrated medicine course (from the first year on) in Bydgoszcz, under the patronage and via the financial aid of the WHO . To this goal, the provincial authorities handed over in 1980, a building to house six theoretical facilities. However, the political situation at the time thwarted these efforts. Nevertheless, this very year

11016-468: Was entrusted to the heads of hospital departments. A year later, the Provincial Council in Bydgoszcz adopted a resolution to establish a Medical University in Bydgoszcz, using the basis of the "Physician Improvement Study Department". This decision was reached with the consent of the representatives of the "Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń" and the minister of higher education. In 1962,

11124-484: Was founded in 1989. It is located at 15 Jagiellońska street . The current dean is prof. dr hab. Stefan Kruszewski (May 2021). The faculty is constructed around the following departments or chairs : The Faculty of Health Sciences was founded in 1997. It is located at 15 Jagiellońska street . The current dean is prof. dr hab. Alina Borkowska (May 2021). The faculty is constructed around the following departments or chairs : The former "Medical Academy in Bydgoszcz" granted

11232-536: Was housed by the University Hospital No. 1-"Antoni Jurasz". In 1953, the "Institute of Improvement and Specialization of Medical Personnel" ( Polish : Instytut Doskonalenia i Specjalizacji Kadr Lekarskich ), today's Medical Center of Postgraduate Education ( Polish : Centrum Medyczne Kształcenia Podyplomowego ), was established in Warsaw: nine of its clinical and diagnostic units were located in

11340-630: Was officially endorsed on November 24, 2004, by a bill from the Sejm , the Senate and the signature of the President of Poland : the Medical University in Bydgoszcz was incorporated into the UKM as the "Collegium Medikum-Ludwik Rydygier" in Bydgoszcz. The previous rector of the university became the vice-rector of the Toruń University in charge of the Collegium Medicum (CM). Three faculties belonging to

11448-782: Was signed in Kraków 6 March 1454, recognizing the region (including Toruń), as part of the Polish Kingdom . These events led to the Thirteen Years' War . The citizens of the city, enraged by the Order's ruthless exploitation, conquered the Teutonic castle, and dismantled the fortifications brick by brick, except for the Gdanisko tower which was used until the 18th century to store gunpowder. The local mayor pledged allegiance to

11556-638: Was signed the commission for the building of the future "University Hospital nr.2". In 1984, a Medical University was opened in Bydgoszcz, on the model of the Faculty of Medicine in Gdańsk. Its teaching team was led by: The same year, by the decision of the Minister of Health, a Department of Pharmacy was also established in the city. At that time, the Faculty of Medicine had been operating 15 clinics and 13 dispensaries . The staff consisted of 189 academic teachers including 6 professors and 12 docents . In 1985,

11664-523: Was spared bombing and destruction; its Old Town and iconic central marketplace have been entirely preserved. Toruń is renowned for its gingerbread – the gingerbread-baking tradition dates back nearly a millennium – as well as for its large Cathedral . It hosts the Camerimage International Film Festival of the Art of Cinematography . Toruń is noted for its very high standard of living and quality of life. In 1997

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