Located within Butler Library , the Columbia University Center for Oral History Research is the oldest oral history program. Pulitzer Prize winner Allan Nevins founded the program in 1948. There is an extensive list of projects belonging to the center, both current and completed. Currently the office holds 8,000 taped memoirs and 1,000,000 pages of transcripts.
55-594: Policy was a passion for Allan Nevins, and that inspired him to form the Center for Oral History Research, or more specifically the Columbia University Oral History Research Office . Public policy often has an overload of written information and interview would be helpful in directing research. Nevis requested funding from Columbia University but barely received any—just enough to pay a few employees. The phrase he received from
110-1466: A Valid Test for the Prenatal Androgen Hypothesis of Autism Spectrum Disorders?" . PLOS ONE . 10 (10): e0141338. Bibcode : 2015PLoSO..1041338C . doi : 10.1371/journal.pone.0141338 . PMC 4619748 . PMID 26495967 . 2015 Makovi, Kinga; Winter, Alix; Liu, Ka-Yuet; Bearman, Peter (2015). "The Population Level Impacts of Differential Fertility Behavior of Parents of Children with Autism" . Sociological Science . 2 : 398–419. doi : 10.15195/v2.a19 . 2015 Fountain, Christine; Zhang, Yujia; Kissin, Dmitry M; Schieve, Laura A; Jamieson, Denise J; Rice, Catherine; Bearman, Peter (2015). "Association Between Assisted Reproductive Technology Conception and Autism in California, 1997–2007" . American Journal of Public Health . 105 (5): 963–71. doi : 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302383 . PMC 4386543 . PMID 25790396 . 2015 Hoffman, Mark; Bearman, Peter (2015). "Bringing Anomie Back In: Exceptional Events and Excess Suicide" . Sociological Science . 2 : 186–210. doi : 10.15195/v2.a10 . 2015 Schieve, L. A; Fountain, C; Boulet, S. L; Yeargin-Allsopp, M; Kissin, D. M; Jamieson, D. J; Rice, C; Bearman, P (2015). "Does Autism Diagnosis Age or Symptom Severity Differ Among Children According to Whether Assisted Reproductive Technology
165-550: A few employees. The phrase he received from the University was "You'll never receive any operational funding from Columbia" which proved to be false. The center has had 4 directors including Nevins, including, Ronald J. Grele , and Mary Marshall Clark who is the current director as of June 2001. It wasn't until Clark's time as director that the center gained enough funding to be able to complete extensive projects and partnered with INCITE. Columbia Center for Oral History (CCOH)
220-640: A museum exhibit for the Museum of Chinese in the Americas . Once ChevronTexaco got involved, and the permanent school program was introduced, classes were required to make either a book or a documentary to be shown publicly. This project was a collaborative project between CCOH, the Museum of Chinese in the Americas, The City University of New York , 9/11 Digital Archives, and New York University 's Asian/Pacific/American Studies Program. Rockafeller Foundation funded
275-478: A museum exhibit for the Museum of Chinese in the Americas . Once ChevronTexaco got involved, and the permanent school program was introduced, classes were required to make either a book or a documentary to be shown publicly. This project was a collaborative project between CCOH, the Museum of Chinese in the Americas, The City University of New York , 9/11 Digital Archives, and New York University 's Asian/Pacific/American Studies Program. Rockafeller Foundation funded
330-530: Is made up of two complementary centers, the Columbia Center for Oral History Research (CCOHR) and the Columbia Center for Oral History Archives (CCOHA). The archives are housed within Butler Library while the research center is part of Interdisciplinary Center for Innovative Theory and Empirics (INCITE). The research center seeks funding for projects. The results of these projects are sent to
385-402: Is made up of two complementary centers, the Columbia Center for Oral History Research (CCOHR) and the Columbia Center for Oral History Archives (CCOHA). The archives are housed within Butler Library while the research center is part of Interdisciplinary Center for Innovative Theory and Empirics (INCITE). The research center seeks funding for projects. The results of these projects are sent to
440-525: Is the co-author of Working for Respect: Community and Conflict at Walmart with Adam Reich (Columbia University Press, 2018). He is also co-editor of After the Fall , an oral history documenting New Yorkers' recollections of the September 11 attacks , as well as Robert Rauschenberg: An Oral History , which is to be published in 2019. Reviewed in: European Sociological Review (Symposium), JASS, Philosophy of
495-473: The 9/11 Neediest Fund . After 9/11 there was a lot of fear of anthrax attacks and public health was a top priority, especially in terms of returning to normalcy. This project focused on the people that facilitated that movement, both in government and as part of a not-for-profit organization . 30 hours of interview with 34 people were collected over the course of 11 months from January to November 2002. The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
550-472: The 9/11 Neediest Fund . After 9/11 there was a lot of fear of anthrax attacks and public health was a top priority, especially in terms of returning to normalcy. This project focused on the people that facilitated that movement, both in government and as part of a not-for-profit organization . 30 hours of interview with 34 people were collected over the course of 11 months from January to November 2002. The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
605-704: The American Journal of Sociology selects one article published in the journal for a two-year period. They award the prize to an article that is "empirically rigorous, theoretically grounded, and lucidly written." In 2007, Bearman was awarded the National Institute of Health (NIH) Director's Pioneer Award to investigated the social determinants of the autism epidemic. Bearman is the author of Doormen (University of Chicago Press, 2005), an ethnographic study of doormen in New York City, and
SECTION 10
#1732786912237660-696: The Apollo Theater through the lens of African-American history, the history of music and performance, and the history of New York City. The primary interviewers are Brent Hayes Edwards and Steve Rowland who were assisted by Gustavo Azendha, Karald Kisiedu, and Jennella Young. The funding for this project was provided by the Apollo Theater Foundation who receive their support from Edward and Leslye Phillips Family Foundation, Rockefeller Foundation , and New York Community Trust . Most recently running from October 2011 to September 2013,
715-553: The Apollo Theater through the lens of African-American history, the history of music and performance, and the history of New York City. The primary interviewers are Brent Hayes Edwards and Steve Rowland who were assisted by Gustavo Azendha, Karald Kisiedu, and Jennella Young. The funding for this project was provided by the Apollo Theater Foundation who receive their support from Edward and Leslye Phillips Family Foundation, Rockefeller Foundation , and New York Community Trust . Most recently running from October 2011 to September 2013,
770-840: The Global Health Research Center in Central Asia . He is currently co-editor of the Oral History Series and the Middle Range Series, both published by Columbia University Press . He has also been on the editorial board of several scholarly journals, including the American Journal of Sociology , Social Forces , and Sociological Theory . Bearman, along with J. Richard Udry , designed the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), currently
825-682: The National Institute of Child Health and Development , The Andrew Mellon Foundation , the Russell Sage Foundation , the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation , and the Rockefeller Foundation , totaling over $ 20,000,000. With co-authors Katherine Stovel , and James Moody, Bearman received the A Roger V. Gould Prize in 2004 for his article “Chains of Affection: The Structure of Adolescent Romantic and Sexual Networks.” The editorial board of
880-636: The University of Genoa , Italy, the University of Munich . He has chaired 50 doctoral dissertations. Bearman was the founding director of the Institute for Social and Economic Research and Policy , and is currently the director of INCITE, the Interdisciplinary Center for Innovative Theory and Empirics at Columbia University. He was also co-founding director of Columbia's Oral History Master of Arts program and co-founding director of
935-1929: The Autism Epidemic" . Sociological Methods & Research . 44 (2): 272–305. doi : 10.1177/0049124112460369 . PMC 4495771 . PMID 26166907 . 2012 Mazumdar, Soumya; Winter, Alix; Liu, Ka-Yuet; Bearman, Peter (2013). "Spatial clusters of autism births and diagnoses point to contextual drivers of increased prevalence" . Social Science & Medicine . 95 : 87–96. doi : 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.11.032 . PMC 3612561 . PMID 23267775 . 2012 Mazumdar, Soumya; Liu, Ka-Yuet; Susser, Ezra; Bearman, Peter (2012). "The Disappearing Seasonality of Autism Conceptions in California" . PLOS ONE . 7 (7): e41265. Bibcode : 2012PLoSO...741265M . doi : 10.1371/journal.pone.0041265 . PMC 3408493 . PMID 22859972 . 2012 Fountain, Christine, Alix Winter, and Peter S. Bearman*. “Dynamic Trajectories of Children with Autism.” Pediatrics . 129(5):e111-e112 2012 Bearman, Peter. “On analytical sociology.” Sociologica. 6.1. 2011 Cheslack-Postava, Keely, Kayuet Liu, and Peter S. Bearman*. “Closely Spaced Pregnancies are Associated with Increased Odds of Autism in Sibling Births.” Pediatrics . 127(2): 246-253. 2011 Fountain, Christine and Peter Bearman*. “Risk as Social Context: Immigration Policy and Autism in California.” Sociological Forum . 26(2): 215-240. 2011 Keyes, Kerry, Ezra Susser, Keely Cheslak-Postava, Christine Fountain, Ka-Yuet Liu, Soumya Mazumdar, and Peter Bearman*. “Age, Period, and Cohort Effects in Autism Incidence in California from 1994 to 2005.” International Journal of Epidemiology . 2011; doi : 10.1093/ije/dyr193 2011 King, Marissa D. and Peter S. Bearman*. “Socioeconomic Status and
990-917: The Continuation of Large-Scale Conflict . Sociological Theory . 36 (2), 210-220 2018 Hoffman, Mark, JP Cointet, Phiipp Brandt, Newton E. Key, and Peter Bearman*. The (Protestant) Bible, the (Printed) Sermon, and the Word(s): The Semantic Structure of the Conformist and Dissenting Bible, 1660-1780 . Poetics. Volume 68, June 2018, Pages 89–103 (American Sociological Association Religion Section Distinguished Article Award, 2018) 2018 Bearman, Peter. Not es for Heuristics of Discovery . Sociologica. 12 (1), 13-19 2017 King, Marissa; Bearman, Peter S (2017). "Gifts and influence: Conflict of interest policies and prescribing of psychotropic medications in
1045-552: The Department of Sociology at Columbia University , the President of The American Assembly at Columbia University, as well as the director of the Interdisciplinary Center for Innovative Theory and Empirics (INCITE). He is also the founding director of the Institute for Social and Economic Research and Policy , and co-founding director of Columbia's Oral History Master of Arts Program , the first oral history masters program in
1100-837: The National Academy of Sciences . 112 (49): 15072–7. Bibcode : 2015PNAS..11215072Z . doi : 10.1073/pnas.1511477112 . PMC 4679039 . PMID 26598684 . 2015 Rule, Alix; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Bearman, Peter S (2015). "Lexical shifts, substantive changes, and continuity in State of the Union discourse, 1790–2014" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 112 (35): 10837–44. Bibcode : 2015PNAS..11210837R . doi : 10.1073/pnas.1512221112 . PMC 4568240 . PMID 26261302 . 2015 Cheslack-Postava, Keely; Susser, Ezra; Liu, Kayuet; Bearman, Peter S (2015). "Can Sibling Sex Ratios Be Used as
1155-564: The Rule of Law Oral History Project has studied how the events of 9/11 changed human and civil rights. In 2010 the project expanded and explored the treatment of prisoners in Guantánamo Bay . The project amalgamated 250+ hours of interviews. Atlantic Philanthropies , who helped fund their own oral history project also gave this project necessary funding. Because of the massive scope, and the proximity Columbia Center for Oral History has to
SECTION 20
#17327869122371210-449: The Rule of Law Oral History Project has studied how the events of 9/11 changed human and civil rights. In 2010 the project expanded and explored the treatment of prisoners in Guantánamo Bay . The project amalgamated 250+ hours of interviews. Atlantic Philanthropies , who helped fund their own oral history project also gave this project necessary funding. Because of the massive scope, and the proximity Columbia Center for Oral History has to
1265-892: The School for International Studies in Brooklyn and the Dr. Sun Yat Sen Middle School 131 participated. The original funding was provided by the New York Times Foundation and the 9/11 Neediest Fund but it wasn't until the ChevronTexaco Foundation began to fund the project did it become a permanent initiative in 2003. Initially the International School compiled a book of their experiences, and the Chinatown located Dr. Sun Yat Sen school created
1320-451: The School for International Studies in Brooklyn and the Dr. Sun Yat Sen Middle School 131 participated. The original funding was provided by the New York Times Foundation and the 9/11 Neediest Fund but it wasn't until the ChevronTexaco Foundation began to fund the project did it become a permanent initiative in 2003. Initially the International School compiled a book of their experiences, and the Chinatown located Dr. Sun Yat Sen school created
1375-630: The Social Sciences, Revista, Sociologica, Acta Sociological, Contemporary Sociology The most recent among his 60+ peer-reviewed articles are: 2018 Zerubavel, Noam, Mark Hoffman, Adam Reich, Kevin Ochsner and Peter Bearman*. Neural Precursors of Future Liking and its Mutual Reciprocation . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1802176115. 29632195 (PubMed) 2018 Balian, Hrag and Peter Bearman*. Pathways to Violence: Dynamics for
1430-879: The United States" . Social Science & Medicine . 172 : 153–162. doi : 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.11.010 . PMC 5154797 . PMID 27856120 . 2016 Lee, Byungkyu; Bearman, Peter (2017). "Important Matters in Political Context" . Sociological Science . 4 : 1–30. doi : 10.15195/v4.a1 . 2016 Makovi, Kinga; Winter, Alix; Liu, Ka-Yuet; Bearman, Peter (2015). "The Population Level Impacts of Differential Fertility Behavior of Parents of Children with Autism" . Sociological Science . 2 : 398–419. doi : 10.15195/v2.a19 . 2015 Zerubavel, Noam; Bearman, Peter S; Weber, Jochen; Ochsner, Kevin N (2015). "Neural mechanisms tracking popularity in real-world social networks" . Proceedings of
1485-445: The University was "You'll never receive any operational funding from Columbia" which proved to be false. The center has had 4 directors including Nevins, including, Ronald J. Grele , and Mary Marshall Clark who is the current director as of June 2001. It wasn't until Clark's time as director that the center gained enough funding to be able to complete extensive projects and partnered with INCITE. Columbia Center for Oral History (CCOH)
1540-545: The archives to be stored and used as source material for future research. Creating another source of reliable information like this was a goal of founder Allan Nevins. Projects put together by the CCOHR are stored in their archives and consist of as much information as can be found on the subject. Some notable examples are below. These are the current oral history research projects for Columbia Center for Oral History This project compiled about 70 hours of narrative discussing
1595-491: The archives to be stored and used as source material for future research. Creating another source of reliable information like this was a goal of founder Allan Nevins. Projects put together by the CCOHR are stored in their archives and consist of as much information as can be found on the subject. Some notable examples are below. These are the current oral history research projects for Columbia Center for Oral History This project compiled about 70 hours of narrative discussing
1650-406: The attacks and gain the insight of as many points of view as possible. 440 interviews had been conducted in the first year and in 2002 and 2003, 202 of those interviewees had done follow-up interviews as well. In 2005 there was a second wave of interviews, but by this time, the project had already splintered and the other projects had taken off. This project spanned from 2002 to 2005 and focused on
1705-404: The attacks and gain the insight of as many points of view as possible. 440 interviews had been conducted in the first year and in 2002 and 2003, 202 of those interviewees had done follow-up interviews as well. In 2005 there was a second wave of interviews, but by this time, the project had already splintered and the other projects had taken off. This project spanned from 2002 to 2005 and focused on
Columbia Center for Oral History Research - Misplaced Pages Continue
1760-487: The attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 the oral history project that was inspired has broken into five separate sections. Overall the projects have collected 900 hours of interviews with about 600 individuals. 23 of these hours are on video and 687 are available to the public through the archives. This was the first and largest project on 9/11 started by Mary Marshall Clark days after
1815-418: The attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 the oral history project that was inspired has broken into five separate sections. Overall the projects have collected 900 hours of interviews with about 600 individuals. 23 of these hours are on video and 687 are available to the public through the archives. This was the first and largest project on 9/11 started by Mary Marshall Clark days after
1870-438: The attacks. She worked with Columbia University history professor Ken Jackson by utilizing his undergraduate class as volunteer interviewers. The project focused on documenting people's reactions before mass media shaped them, as well as reaching many different communities and groups to hear their perspectives. Clark eventually partnered with Peter Bearman , a sociology professor at Columbia University. At this point, still within
1925-438: The attacks. She worked with Columbia University history professor Ken Jackson by utilizing his undergraduate class as volunteer interviewers. The project focused on documenting people's reactions before mass media shaped them, as well as reaching many different communities and groups to hear their perspectives. Clark eventually partnered with Peter Bearman , a sociology professor at Columbia University. At this point, still within
1980-516: The center, both current and completed. Currently the office holds 8,000 taped memoirs and 1,000,000 pages of transcripts. Policy was a passion for Allan Nevins, and that inspired him to form the Center for Oral History Research, or more specifically the Columbia University Oral History Research Office . Public policy often has an overload of written information and interview would be helpful in directing research. Nevis requested funding from Columbia University but barely received any—just enough to pay
2035-575: The country. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2008, a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2014, a Guggenheim Fellow in 2016, and a member of the National Academy of Medicine in 2019. Bearman received his B.A. in sociology from Brown University in 1978, magna cum laude, and his M.A. (1982) and Ph.D. (1985) in sociology from Harvard University . After receiving his PhD, he
2090-751: The demographic and population research community. He also introduced social network approaches to social sequence analysis through the concept of narrative networks. Bearman currently directs the Robert Wood Johnson Program in population health at Columbia University. He has received major grants and contracts from the National Science Foundation , the American Legacy Foundation , the Office of Population Affairs National Institutes of Health ,
2145-409: The first eight weeks following the attacks, 200 interviews were conducted, and 300 more over the next eight months were completed. 150 of the interviews were from people within 5 blocks of the towers, while 50-60 came from those who were in the towers at the time and survived. After the initial reactions, Clark and her research team focused on reaching as many different groups of people as possible. There
2200-409: The first eight weeks following the attacks, 200 interviews were conducted, and 300 more over the next eight months were completed. 150 of the interviews were from people within 5 blocks of the towers, while 50-60 came from those who were in the towers at the time and survived. After the initial reactions, Clark and her research team focused on reaching as many different groups of people as possible. There
2255-416: The only nationally-representative study of adolescent sexuality in the United States, which has yielded over a thousand published research articles and received the 2016 Golden Goose Award . From these data, Bearman has published seminal articles on the sexual network , virginity pledges, same sex attraction, and adolescent suicidality. He is widely credited with bringing social network analysis methods to
Columbia Center for Oral History Research - Misplaced Pages Continue
2310-627: The oral history project focusing on the Carnegie Corporation has been a lasting effort. The first of three projects began in 1966 and ran until 1974 compiling 479 hours of interviews which translates into 9948 pages of transcript. The second phase beginning in 1996 gathered 216 hours, 52 of which are video. Most recently, the project has been studying how the organization was run under President Vartan Gregorian , however, this global philanthropy organization will have most of its 100-year history documented by this project. Beginning in 2008
2365-555: The oral history project focusing on the Carnegie Corporation has been a lasting effort. The first of three projects began in 1966 and ran until 1974 compiling 479 hours of interviews which translates into 9948 pages of transcript. The second phase beginning in 1996 gathered 216 hours, 52 of which are video. Most recently, the project has been studying how the organization was run under President Vartan Gregorian , however, this global philanthropy organization will have most of its 100-year history documented by this project. Beginning in 2008
2420-426: The people in power who had to organize response teams and get the city back on track. 112 hours of interview were conducted with 68 people running government agencies who responded to the attacks, and 12 interviews were conducted with heavily traumatized people who were directly affected by the response and outreach programs the project focused on. The funding for this project came from The New York Times Foundation and
2475-426: The people in power who had to organize response teams and get the city back on track. 112 hours of interview were conducted with 68 people running government agencies who responded to the attacks, and 12 interviews were conducted with heavily traumatized people who were directly affected by the response and outreach programs the project focused on. The funding for this project came from The New York Times Foundation and
2530-554: The program and the goal was to simply document using oral history the effects of 9/11 on Chinatown. Columbia University Oral History Research Office Located within Butler Library , the Columbia University Center for Oral History Research is the oldest oral history program. Pulitzer Prize winner Allan Nevins founded the program in 1948. There is an extensive list of projects belonging to
2585-473: The program and the goal was to simply document using oral history the effects of 9/11 on Chinatown. Peter Bearman Peter Shawn Bearman (born 1956) is an American sociologist , notable for his contributions to the fields of adolescent health , research design , structural analysis , textual analysis , oral history and social networks . He is the Jonathan R. Cole Professor of Social Science in
2640-428: The same year as the attacks, Columbia became willing to fund operational costs for the center and with the help of Bearman, Clark could apply for grants. Eventually, the project received funding from Rockfeller Foundation, National Science Foundation , New York Times Foundation, and Columbia University. Because of Bearman's involvement, CCOH partnered with ISERP (Institute for Social and Economic Research and Policy). Over
2695-428: The same year as the attacks, Columbia became willing to fund operational costs for the center and with the help of Bearman, Clark could apply for grants. Eventually, the project received funding from Rockfeller Foundation, National Science Foundation , New York Times Foundation, and Columbia University. Because of Bearman's involvement, CCOH partnered with ISERP (Institute for Social and Economic Research and Policy). Over
2750-1514: Was Used to Achieve Pregnancy?" . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders . 45 (9): 2991–3003. doi : 10.1007/s10803-015-2462-1 . PMC 4553150 . PMID 25997596 . 2014 Kissin, DM*, Yujia Zhang, Christine Fountain, Peter Bearman and LA. Schieve. Association of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Treatment and Parental Infertility Diagnosis With Autism in ART-Conceived Children”. Human Reproduction . 30(2):454-65 2013 Hagen, Ryan, Kinga Makovi, and Peter Bearman* “The Influence of Political Dynamics on Southern Lynch Mob Formation and Lethality. Social forces 92 (2), 757-787. 2013 King, Marissa, Connor Essick, Peter Bearman*, and Joseph S. Ross. "Medical school gift restriction policies and physician prescribing of newly marketed psychotropic medications: difference-in-differences analysis." BMJ: British Medical Journal 346 (2013). 2013 Bearman. Peter*. “Genes Can Point to Environments That Matter to Advance Public Health. American Journal of Public Health : October 2013, Vol. 103, No. S1, pp. S11-S13. 2013 Hansen, Helena*, Zoe Donaldson, Bruce Link, Peter Bearman et al. “Independent Review Of Social And Population Variation In Mental Health Could Improve Diagnosis In DSM Revisions”.” Health Affairs . 32, NO. 5 2012 Liu, Kayuet; Bearman, Peter S (2012). "Focal Points, Endogenous Processes, and Exogenous Shocks in
2805-608: Was a focus on civil liberty violations by the FBI on immigrants from the Middle East and Muslims. When conducting interviews with Spanish speakers, there was a trend to identify and be traumatized by the sheer number of people who jumped from the towers, which was reported by the Spanish-media but not the mainstream media until much later. This project was identified as "longitudinal" because it strove to cover everyone affected by
SECTION 50
#17327869122372860-436: Was a focus on civil liberty violations by the FBI on immigrants from the Middle East and Muslims. When conducting interviews with Spanish speakers, there was a trend to identify and be traumatized by the sheer number of people who jumped from the towers, which was reported by the Spanish-media but not the mainstream media until much later. This project was identified as "longitudinal" because it strove to cover everyone affected by
2915-418: Was a lecturer at Harvard, before joining the sociology department at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . There he moved from assistant professor to full professor by 1996, before moving to Columbia University in 1997. At Columbia, Bearman was chair of the department of sociology from 2001-2005 and chair of the department of statistics from 2007-2008. Between 2002 and 2003, he was a visiting professor at
2970-547: Was heavily involved as were Dr. David Rosner and Dr. Nancy Van Devanter of Columbia University Public Health. This was the first public oral history program because it was run in public schools as an after school program and worked with the Local 40 Ironworkers. The ironworkers were interviewed to talk about the incident, but this project focused on children both as a means to gain their perspective but also to help these children make sense of what happened as it pertains to them. Both
3025-494: Was heavily involved as were Dr. David Rosner and Dr. Nancy Van Devanter of Columbia University Public Health. This was the first public oral history program because it was run in public schools as an after school program and worked with the Local 40 Ironworkers. The ironworkers were interviewed to talk about the incident, but this project focused on children both as a means to gain their perspective but also to help these children make sense of what happened as it pertains to them. Both
#236763