48-546: The Coquille Indian Tribe ( / ˈ k oʊ k w ɛ l / KOH -kwel ) is the federally recognized Native American tribe of the Coquille people who have traditionally lived on the southern Oregon Coast . Beginning in 1847, following the Cayuse Indian slaughter of the white, Presbyterian missionaries at the "Whitman Mission", a serious of retaliatory attacks ensued against the indigenous peoples all throughout
96-544: A telecommunications provider. In September 2012, the tribe announced plans for a casino in Medford , to be built in a bowling alley that was acquired for $ 1.6 million. The tribe is also leasing an adjacent golf course. Federally recognized tribes This is a list of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States . There are also federally recognized Alaska Native tribes . As of January 8, 2024 , 574 Indian tribes were legally recognized by
144-408: A household in the county was $ 31,542, and the median income for a family was $ 38,040. Males had a median income of $ 32,509 versus $ 22,519 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 17,547. About 11.10% of families and 15.00% of the population were below the poverty line , including 19.90% of those under age 18 and 9.40% of those age 65 or over. Historically, Coos County was a bastion for
192-589: A model for how our Nation deals with other claims by native American tribes." The Forest was formally taken into trust for the Tribe by the U.S. government on September 30, 1998. The Coquille Forest comprises fourteen separate parcels of former BLM timberlands in eastern Coos County. Unlike other forests held in trust for and managed by federally recognized tribes, under the National Indian Forest Resources Management Act,
240-465: A result of various factors including de-unionization in the timber industry and opposition to environmental policies often championed by Democrats. The last Democrat to win a majority in Coos County was Michael Dukakis in 1988, although Bill Clinton won pluralities in both his elections. Barack Obama , in both of his presidential campaigns, was the most recent Democrat to even break 40 percent of
288-574: A treaty with the Coquille and surrounding tribes that set aside 125 miles (201 km) of coastline extending from the Siltcoos River to Cape Lookout to form the Coastal (or Siletz) Indian Reservation near present-day Florence . The Coquille people were forcibly marched to the reservation in 1856; however, the treaty was never ratified by Congress. Disease and overcrowding were problems on
336-572: Is a project that was met with resistance since 2010 by farm owners and other land owners, tribal natives, and some commercial entities who did not want their land being used or taken without their permission, with eminent domain . The project was cancelled in late 2021. A current project underway in Coos County, undertaken by Oregon Resources Corporation (ORC), uses modern strip-mining techniques to extract chromite , zircon , and garnet from local sands. The tailings after processing will be returned and re-contoured to replicate pre-mining conditions, and
384-478: Is now part of the city of Coos Bay . Coos County was created by the Territorial Legislature from parts of Umpqua , and Jackson counties on December 22, 1853. Curry County, Oregon , was created from the southern part in 1855. The county seat was originally at Empire City. In 1895 the legislature permitted the citizens of the county to choose a new county seat. The 1896 vote resulted in moving
432-429: Is replacing the former lumber-driven economy. Bandon Dunes Golf Resort , north of Bandon and south of Coos Bay, attracts tourists and golfers from around the world. Boating, dairy farming, myrtlewood manufacturing, shipbuilding and repair and agriculture specialty products, including cranberries , also play an important role. Untapped rich deposits of iron ore and lead await development. The Jordan Cove Energy Project
480-586: Is used by the BIA to publish the list of "Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs". Tribes in the contiguous 48 states and those in Alaska are listed separately. Coos County, Oregon Coos County ( / k uː s / KOOSS ) is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon . As of the 2020 census , the population
528-549: Is water. As of the 2010 census , there were 63,043 people, 27,133 households, and 16,857 families living in the county. The population density was 39.5 inhabitants per square mile (15.3/km ). There were 30,593 housing units at an average density of 19.2 units per square mile (7.4 units/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 89.8% white, 2.5% Native American, 1.0% Asian, 0.4% black or African American, 0.2% Pacific islander, 1.7% from other races, and 4.3% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 5.4% of
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#1732780462198576-504: The 2000 census , there were 62,779 people, 26,213 households, and 17,457 families living in the county. The population density was 39 people per square mile (15 people/km ). There were 29,247 housing units at an average density of 18 units per square mile (6.9/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 91.97% White , 0.31% Black or African American , 2.41% Native American , 0.90% Asian , 0.17% Pacific Islander , 1.06% from other races , and 3.17% from two or more races. 3.40% of
624-649: The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) of the United States. Of these, 228 are located in Alaska and 109 are located in California. 346 of the 574 federally recognized tribes are located in the contiguous United States. Federally recognized tribes are those Native American tribes recognized by the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs as holding a government-to-government relationship with
672-572: The Oregon House of Representatives , it is split between the 9th District , represented by Republican, Boomer Wright , and the 1st District , represented by Republican Court Boice . All legislative seats, as of 2021, are held by Republicans in the Oregon Legislative Assembly . Deposits of gold initially attracted people to the county in the nineteenth century. Between 1890 and 1910, large amounts of coal were mined in
720-559: The Oregon Territory , perpetrated by both miners and settlers. By 1854, several dozen miners who were angry over an altercation with a native man, went into the Coquille Indian village in what is now Bandon, Oregon , and killed all the members of that tribe that they could find there, burning their houses and slaughtering all women and children. In 1855, Joel Palmer , Oregon Superintendent of Indian Affairs, negotiated
768-653: The U.S. Congress the right to interact with tribes. More specifically, the Supreme Court of the United States in United States v. Sandoval warned, "it is not... that Congress may bring a community or body of people within range of this power by arbitrarily calling them an Indian tribe, but only that in respect of distinctly Indian communities the questions whether, to what extent, and for what time they shall be recognized and dealt with as dependent tribes" (at 46). Federal tribal recognition grants to tribes
816-403: The 1950s, the BIA in 1978 published final rules with procedures that groups had to meet to secure federal tribal acknowledgment. There are seven criteria. Four have proven troublesome for most groups to prove: long-standing historical community, outside identification as Indians, political authority, and descent from a historical tribe. Tribes seeking recognition must submit detailed petitions to
864-457: The 574th tribe to gain federal recognition on December 20, 2019. The website USA.gov , the federal government's official web portal, also maintains an updated list of tribal governments . Ancillary information present in former versions of this list but no longer contained in the current listing has been included here in italic print. The Federal Register
912-561: The BIA's Office of Federal Acknowledgment. To be formally recognized as an Indian tribe, the US Congress can legislate recognition or a tribe can meet the seven criteria outlined by the Office of Federal Acknowledgment. These seven criteria are summarized as: The federal acknowledgment process can take years, even decades; delays of 12 to 14 years have occurred. The Shinnecock Indian Nation formally petitioned for recognition in 1978 and
960-625: The Coquille Forest has the additional requirement of meeting the "standards and guidelines" of adjacent federal forests, such as the Northwest Forest Plan . While most federal forests have not met their timber production expectations under the Northwest Forest Plan, the Coquille Forest is widely considered the only entity to meet both the ecological and economic outputs of the Northwest Forest Plan. In 2011,
1008-636: The Coquille Tribe approximately 5,400 acres (2,200 ha) of forest in Coos County, Oregon. The act's author, Oregon Senator Mark Hatfield, said of the Coquille Forest: "I hope this proposal, with its relatively modest acreage and the required adherence to the most environmentally friendly forest management plan ever implemented in the Pacific Northwest—;President Clinton's forest plan—is successful and can become
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#17327804621981056-598: The Coquille Tribe now has reservation area totaling 6,512 acres (26 km). The reservation's lands are located in numerous non-contiguous parcels of land in southern Coos County , mostly in and to the southeast of the Coos Bay - North Bend urban area. Parts of the communities of Bandon , Barview , Coos Bay, and North Bend extend onto reservation lands. The 2000 census listed the reservation's official resident population as 258 people. The "Oregon Resources Conservation Act of 1996" (part of Public Law 104-208 ) restored to
1104-597: The Coquille as part of the Western Oregon Indian Termination Act . In 1989 the tribe regained its federal recognition. With restoration came tribal sovereignty , which gives the tribe authority to form its own government and have jurisdiction over tribal lands, businesses, and community members. The Coquille Tribe opened The Mill Casino on May 19, 1995, at a former waterfront plywood mill between North Bend and Coos Bay. The mill had been built in 1961 by Weyerhauser and closed in 1991; it
1152-597: The Democratic Party. It was one of the few counties in the West to be won by George McGovern in the 1972 presidential election. No Republican presidential candidate obtained a majority in the county between 1956 and 1996, although Ronald Reagan did obtain pluralities in both 1980 and – very narrowly – in 1984. Since the turn of the century it has become a strongly Republican county in Presidential elections as
1200-541: The Northwest Forest Plan and comply with all BLM requirements. Management of the Coquille Forest has earned recognition for being environmentally sound and sustainable. The Forest Stewardship Council certified the Coquille Forest in September 2011. The tribal government is based in North Bend . In 2008 the tribe legalized same-sex marriage , becoming the first tribal nation in the United States to do so. Although
1248-872: The Oregon voters approved an amendment to the Oregon Constitution in 2004 to prohibit such marriages , the Coquille are not bound by the Oregon Constitution, because they are a federally recognized sovereign nation . The Coquille Indian Tribe Library contains information on the Coquille Indian Tribe and other Tribes of southwest Oregon including the Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw Indians. The Coquille Tribe owns several businesses, including The Mill Casino in Coos Bay , and ORCA Communications,
1296-568: The U.S. Secretary of Interior endorsed the first component of the landscape management proposal in which the Coquille Indian Tribe and the BLM would work together to develop a demonstration timber sale pilot in coordination with professors Norm Johnson and Jerry Franklin. This pilot will demonstrate the professors' ecological principles of variable retention regeneration harvest in the Oregon Coast Range. The timber sale will be designed under
1344-703: The US federal government . For Alaska Native tribes, see list of Alaska Native tribal entities . In the United States , the Native American tribe is a fundamental unit of sovereign tribal government. As the Department of the Interior explains, "federally recognized tribes are recognized as possessing certain inherent rights of self-government (i.e., tribal sovereignty)...." The constitution grants to
1392-638: The addition of six tribes in Virginia under the Thomasina E. Jordan Indian Tribes of Virginia Federal Recognition Act of 2017, signed in January 2018 after the annual list had been published. In July 2018 the United States' Federal Register issued an official list of 573 tribes that are Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs . The Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Montana became
1440-462: The affected area will be reforested. Job numbers are not listed on the company website but an annual payroll of $ 3.5 million is listed in the economic impact portion of the FAQ. The Oregon League of Women Voters cited similar numbers from ORC, wholly owned by Industrial Mineral Corporation of Australia; the operation was projected to create 70 to 80 jobs with a salary of $ 46,000 per year. Efforts to block
1488-528: The cities of Roseburg and Coos Bay, which would attract new industry to the Coos Bay area, was begun in 1999 when voters approved a local bond measure to raise as much as $ 27 million, with the state of Oregon providing $ 24 million. The pipeline construction began in June 2003 and was finished in 2004. Currently, forest products, tourism, fishing and agriculture dominate the Coos County economy. The service industry
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1536-484: The county and shipped to California ; production decreased after oil was discovered in that state, and no coal mines in the county have been in production since 1950. These coal fields have been explored for natural gas since 1938, although CDX Gas , a company based in Texas announced in 2003 that they would be drilling two test wells later that year. A project to build a 60-mile (97 km) natural gas pipeline between
1584-591: The name "Coos" is probably influenced both by the Lewis and Clark reference and the name for the region in the Hanis and Miluk languages, kuukwis. Early maps and documents spelled it Kowes, Cowes, Coose, Koos, among others. Although exploration and trapping in the area occurred as early as 1828, the first European-American settlement was established at Empire City in 1853 by members of the Coos Bay Company; this
1632-543: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 18.5% were of German , 12.4% English , 11.3% Irish and 10.7% U.S. or American ancestry. 96.0% spoke English and 2.5% Spanish as their first language. There were 26,213 households, out of which 26.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.90% were married couples living together, 9.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.40% were non-families. 27.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.30% had someone living alone who
1680-434: The population. In terms of ancestry, 22.9% were German, 15.0% were English, 12.7% were Irish, 7.4% were American, and 5.2% were Scottish. Of the 27,133 households, 24.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.2% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 37.9% were non-families, and 29.8% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size
1728-516: The project because of health and environmental concerns did not succeed. There are several port districts in the county: Port of Coos Bay founded in 1909, Port of Coquille River founded in 1912, and Port of Bandon founded in 1913. Coos Bay is considered the best natural harbor between San Francisco Bay and the Puget Sound , and the Port of Coos Bay was the largest forest products shipper in
1776-539: The pronunciation of the town and river shifted to koh- KEEL , but the tribe's name retained the older pronunciation. The Confederated Tribes of Siletz , based in Siletz, Oregon , recognize the Coquille people as one of the tribes that make up their confederation. The Confederated Tribes of Siletz continue to live on the Siletz Indian Reservation . In addition, by an Act of Congress in 1996,
1824-521: The reservation, which was eventually reduced to a fraction of its former size. The remnants of the original Coastal Indian Reservation are contained in the Siletz Reservation and associated tribally owned lands. Over the years many Coquilles returned to their traditional homeland and fought for acknowledgement of the Treaty of 1855 . The U.S. federal government terminated its recognition of
1872-458: The right to certain benefits, and is largely administered by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). While trying to determine which groups were eligible for federal recognition in the 1970s, government officials became aware of the need for consistent procedures. To illustrate, several federally unrecognized tribes encountered obstacles in bringing land claims ; United States v. Washington (1974)
1920-486: The seat to Coquille . The Territorial Legislature granted permission for the development of wagon roads from Coos Bay to Jacksonville, Oregon , in 1854, and to Roseburg, Oregon , in 1857. According to the United States Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 1,806 square miles (4,680 km ), of which 1,596 square miles (4,130 km ) is land and 210 square miles (540 km ) (12%)
1968-656: The vote in Coos County. In the United States House of Representatives, Coos County in located in Oregon's 4th congressional district , which also includes the more left-leaning Eugene metropolitan area and has been represented by Democrat Val Hoyle since 2023. In the Oregon State Senate , the county is split between the 5th District , represented by Republican Dick Anderson , and the 1st District , represented by Republican David Brock Smith . In
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2016-465: Was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.78. The median age was 47.3 years. The median income for a household in the county was $ 37,491 and the median income for a family was $ 46,569. Males had a median income of $ 39,744 versus $ 28,328 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 21,981. About 11.5% of families and 16.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.4% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over. As of
2064-468: Was 64,929. The county seat is Coquille . The county was formed from the western parts of Umpqua and Jackson counties. It is named after a tribe of Native Americans who live in the region. Coos County comprises the Coos Bay, OR Micropolitan Statistical Area . Coos Bay is the homeland of two bands of Native people, Miluk and Hanis. Both today are often referred to as "Coos". Lewis and Clark noted Cook-koo-oose for Coos Bay people. The origin of
2112-448: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.80. In the county, the population dispersal was 21.90% under the age of 18, 7.10% from 18 to 24, 24.00% from 25 to 44, 27.80% from 45 to 64, and 19.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 96.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.90 males. The median income for
2160-585: Was a court case that affirmed the fishing treaty rights of Washington tribes; and other tribes demanded that the U.S. government recognize aboriginal titles . All the above culminated in the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975 , which legitimized tribal entities by partially restoring Native American self-determination . Following the decisions made by the Indian Claims Commission in
2208-534: Was later found to have used federal funds earmarked for tribal housing to pay for personal expenses and his own home. He was indicted by a federal grand jury in 1999 of illegal dumping of asbestos from the casino's construction. According to the Tribe's website, the name comes from a native word for lamprey , a staple food for the tribe. European settlers approximated the word as KOH -kwel but it came to be spelled Coquille (the French word for shell). Eventually
2256-673: Was recognized 32 years later in 2010. At a Senate Committee on Indian Affairs hearing, witnesses testified that the process was "broken, long, expensive, burdensome, intrusive, unfair, arbitrary and capricious, less than transparent, unpredictable, and subject to undue political influence and manipulation." The number of tribes increased to 567 in May 2016 with the inclusion of the Pamunkey tribe in Virginia who received their federal recognition in July 2015. The number of tribes increased to 573 with
2304-616: Was sold to the tribe for $ 7 million. The site was criticized by the Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians , who claimed that the Coquille's ancestral lands did not include Coos Bay and its siting would unfairly compete with their smaller casino. The casino project was developed by the Coquille Economic Development Corporation (Cedco), led by businessman and former NFL football player Bruce Anderson . Anderson
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