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44-626: It connects Barcelonnette in the Ubaye Valley and Saint-Martin-d'Entraunes . It lies parallel to the Col d'Allos and Col de la Bonette in the Parc National du Mercantour . The Var River has its source near the pass. The road leads to the red-rock Gorges de Daluis . Together with the Col des Champs and the Col d'Allos it forms part of a popular round trip for cyclists. This Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur geography article

88-500: A region of France. By the mid-2nd century BC, Rome was trading heavily with the Greek colony of Massalia (modern Marseille ) on the southern coast of Gaul. Massalia, founded by colonists from Phocaea , was by this point centuries old and quite prosperous. Rome entered into an alliance with Massalia, by which it agreed to protect the town from local Gauls , nearby Aquitani , sea-borne Carthaginians and other rivals, in exchange for

132-672: A Mexican honorary consulate . Gallia Narbonensis Gallia Narbonensis ( Latin for "Gaul of Narbonne ", from its chief settlement) was a Roman province located in what is now Occitania and Provence , in Southern France . It was also known as Provincia Nostra ("Our Province"), because it was the first Roman province north of the Alps , and as Gallia Transalpina ("Transalpine Gaul"), distinguishing it from Cisalpine Gaul in Northern Italy . It became

176-685: A Roman province in the late 2nd century BC. Gallia Narbonensis was bordered by the Pyrenees Mountains on the west, the Cévennes to the north, the Alps on the east, and the Gulf of Lion on the south; the province included the majority of the Rhone catchment. The western region of Gallia Narbonensis was known as Septimania . The province was a valuable part of the Roman Empire , owing to

220-674: A colony under the direction of general councillor Brès, and Mayor Signoret of Saint-Paul-sur-Ubaye . This was stopped, however, on 10 December before it could reach Barcelonnette, as the priest of the subprefecture had intervened. On 11 December, several officials escaped and found refuge in L'Argentière in Piedmont. The arrival of troops on 16 December put a final end to the republican resistance without bloodshed, and 57 insurgents were tried; 38 were condemned to deportation (though several were pardoned in April). Between 1850 and 1950, Barcelonnette

264-640: A result of a crisis in wheat production. In July, the Great Fear of aristocratic reprisal against the ongoing French Revolution struck France, arriving in the Barcelonnette area on 31 July 1789 (when the news of the storming of the Bastille first reached the town) before spreading towards Digne . This agitation continued in the Ubaye Valley; a new revolt broke out on 14 June, and famine

308-555: A result of the First World War and the construction of the Serre-Ponçon Dam between 1955 and 1961. An école normale (an institute for training primary school teachers) was founded in Barcelonnette in 1833, and remained there until 1888 when it was transferred to Digne. The lycée André-Honnorat de Barcelonnette , originally the collège Saint-Maurice and renamed after the politician André Honnorat in 1919,

352-413: A result of the altitude, but there are only light winds as a result of the relief. There are on average almost 300 days of sun and 700 mm of rain per year. None of the 200 communes of the department is entirely free of seismic risk; the canton of Barcelonnette is placed in zone 1b (low risk) by the determinist classification of 1991 based on seismic history, and zone 4 (average risk) according to

396-593: A small strip of land that it wanted in order to build a road to Hispania , to assist in troop transport. The Massalians, for their part, cared more for their economic prosperity than they did for territorial integrity. During this period, the Mediterranean settlements on the coast were threatened by the powerful Gallic tribes to the north, especially the tribes known as the Arverni and the Allobroges . In

440-738: A territorial exchange with the Duchy of Savoy during the Treaties of Utrecht . The town remained the site of a viguerie until the French Revolution . A decree of the council of state on 25 December 1714 reunited Barcelonnete with the general government of Provence. Barcelonnette was one of few settlements in Haute-Provence to acquire a Masonic Lodge before the Revolution, in fact having two: In March 1789, riots took place as

484-480: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Barcelonnette Barcelonnette ( French pronunciation: [baʁsəlɔnɛt] ; Occitan : Barciloneta de Provença , also Barcilona ; obsolete Italian : Barcellonetta ) is a commune of France and a subprefecture in the department of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence , in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. It is located in

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528-583: Is called Barcilouna de Prouvença or Barcilouneto . In Valéian (the dialect of Occitan spoken in the Ubaye Valley), it is called Barcilouna de Prouvença or Barcilounéta . Barcino Nova is the town's Latin name meaning "new Barcelona"; Barcino was the Roman name for Barcelona in Catalonia from its foundation by Emperor Augustus in 10 BC, and the name was changed to Barcelona only during

572-527: Is located in the Quartier Craplet , formerly the garrison of the 11th Battalion of Chasseurs Alpins and then the French Army 's Centre d'instruction et d'entraînement au combat en montagne (CIECM). Barcelonnette – Saint-Pons Airfield ( IATA : BAE, ICAO LFMR) is located at Saint Pons , 3 km (2 miles) west of Barcelonnette. Barcelonnette is twinned with: It is also the site of

616-542: Is located in the town; Pierre-Gilles de Gennes and Carole Merle both studied there. Currently, three schools exist in Barcelonnette: a public nursery school, a public elementary school, and a private school (under a contract by which the teachers are paid by the national education system). In 2010 the lycée André-Honnorat opened a boarding school aimed at gifted students of poorer social backgrounds, in order to give them better conditions in which to study. It

660-521: Is mainly a tourist and resort centre, serving many ski lodges. The Pra-Loup resort is 7 km from Barcelonnette; Le Sauze is 5 km away. It and the Ubaye Valley are served by the Barcelonnette – Saint-Pons Airfield . Notably, Barcelonnette is the only subprefecture of France not served by rail transport; the Ubaye line which would have linked Chorges to Barcelonnette was never completed as

704-449: Is situated 210 km from Turin , 91 km from Nice and 68 km from Gap . As a result of its relief and geographic situation, the Ubaye Valley has an "abundance of plant and animal species". The fauna is largely constituted of golden eagles, marmots, ibex and vultures, and the flora includes a large proportion of larches , génépis and white asphodels . The Ubaye Valley has an alpine climate and winters are harsh as

748-510: The Count of Fürstenberg 's 6000 Landsknechte to ravage the area in a scorched earth policy. Barcelonnette and the Ubaye Valley remained under French sovereignty until the second Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis on 3 April 1559. In 1588 the troops of François, Duke of Lesdiguières entered the town and set fire to the church and convent during their campaign against the Duke of Savoy. In 1600, after

792-666: The Duke of Mantua 's aid. The town was retaken by the Duke of Savoy in 1630; and in 1691 it was captured by the troops of the Marquis de Vins during the War of the League of Augsburg . Between 1614 and 1713, Barcelonnette was the seat of one of the four prefectures under the jurisdiction of the Senate of Nice. At this time, the community of Barcelonnette successfully purchased the seigneurie of

836-457: The Greek colony and later Roman Civitas of Massalia , its location between the Spanish provinces and Rome, and its financial output. The province of Gallia Transalpina ("Transalpine Gaul") was later renamed Gallia Narbonensis , after its newly established capital of Colonia Narbo Martius (colloquially known as Narbo, at the location of the modern Narbonne ), a Roman colony founded on

880-762: The Middle Ages . The inhabitants of the town are called Barcelonnettes , or Vilandroises in Valéian. The Barcelonnette region was populated by Ligures from the 1st millennium BC onwards, and the arrival of the Celts several centuries later led to the formation of a mixed Celto-Ligurian people, the Vesubians . Polybius described the Vesubians as belligerent but nonetheless civilised and mercantile, and Julius Caesar praised their bravery. The work History of

924-427: The Roman Empire and was the capital of a civitas (a provincial subdivision), though no Roman money has yet been found in the canton of Barcelonnette. The town of Barcelonnette was founded in 1231 by Ramon Berenguer IV , Count of Provence . According to Charles Rostaing, this act of formal "foundation", according certain privileges to the town, was a means of regenerating the destroyed town of Barcilona . The town

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968-536: The Treaty of Vervins , conflict returned between Henry IV of France and Savoy, and Lesdiguières retook Barcelonnette until the conclusion of the Treaty of Lyon on 17 January the following year. In 1628, during the War of the Mantuan Succession , Barcelonnette and the other towns of the Ubaye Valley were pillaged and burned by Jacques du Blé d'Uxelles and his troops, as they passed through towards Italy to

1012-760: The First Transalpine War (125–121 BCE), the Roman general Quintus Fabius Maximus (later additionally named Allobrogicus) campaigned in the area and defeated the Allobroges and the Arverni under king Bituitus in the Battle of the Isère River . This defeat substantially weakened the Arverni and ensured the further security of Gallia Narbonensis. The area became a Roman province in 121 BCE. The province had come into Roman control originally under

1056-586: The Gauls also places the Vesubians in the Ubaye Valley. Following the Roman conquest of Provence , Barcelonnette was included in a small province with modern Embrun as its capital and governed by Albanus Bassalus. This was integrated soon afterwards into Gallia Narbonensis . In 36 AD, Emperor Tiberius transferred Barcelonnette to the province of the Cottian Alps . The town was known as Rigomagensium under

1100-546: The Romans built a crossroads that made Narbonne an optimal trading center, and Narbonne became a major trading competitor to Massalia. From Narbonne, the Romans established the province of Transalpine Gaul, later called Gallia Narbonensis. During the Sertorian War (80–72 BCE) against the breakaway state of former Roman senator and general Sertorius , Gallia Narbonensis was an important base for military activities. This

1144-470: The coast in 118 BC. The name Gallia Narbonensis most likely originates in the Augustan era. Its first recorded use was in a census conducted by Gnaeus Pullius Pollio . The Romans had called it Provincia Nostra ("our province") or simply Provincia ("the province"). The term has survived in the modern name of Provence for the eastern part of the area (French Provence , Occitan Provença ), now

1188-513: The death of Louis II in 1417 it reverted to Savoy, and, although Count René again retook the area for Provence in 1471, it had returned to Savoyard dominance by the start of the 16th century, by which point the County of Provence had become united with the Kingdom of France due to the death of Count Charles V in 1481. During Charles V 's invasion of Provence in 1536, Francis I of France sent

1232-721: The deaths of ten Mexican citizens who returned to Barcelonnette to fight in the First World War . During the Second World War , 26 Jews were arrested in Barcelonnette before being deported. The 89th compagnie de travailleurs étrangers (Company of Foreign Workers), consisting of foreigners judged as undesirable by the Third Republic and the Vichy regime and committed to forced labour, was established in Barcelonnette. The 11th Battalion of Chasseurs alpins

1276-542: The markets of Massalia. It was from the capital of Narbonne that Julius Caesar began his Gallic Wars . Caesar rebuilt Narbo and built the cities of Forum Julium and Arles . Julius Caesar also granted many communities in Gallia Narbonensis citizenship. In 49 BC, the city of Massalia sided with the Pompeians during the civil war . After the war ended, the city of Massalia lost all of its independence and

1320-530: The name Barcilona in Barcelonnette in around 1200, and suggest that it is derived instead from two earlier stems signifying a mountain, * bar and * cin (the latter of which is also seen in the name of Mont Cenis ). In the Vivaro-Alpine dialect of Occitan , the town is known as Barcilona de Provença or more rarely Barciloneta according to the classical norm ; under the Mistralian norm it

1364-706: The name Gallia Transalpina (Transalpine Gaul), which distinguished it from Cisalpine Gaul on the near side of the Alps to Rome. In this strip of land, the Romans founded the town of Narbonne in 118 BC. At the same time, they built the Via Domitia , the first Roman road in Gaul, connecting Gaul to Hispania, and the Via Aquitania , which led toward the Atlantic through Tolosa (Toulouse) and Burdigala (Bordeaux). Thus,

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1408-524: The probabilistic EC8 classification of 2011. The commune is also vulnerable to avalanches, forest fires, floods, and landslides. Barcelonnette is also exposed to the possibility of a technological hazard in that road transport of dangerous materials is allowed to pass through on the RD900. The town has been subject to several orders of natural disaster: floods and mudslides in 1994 and 2008, and landslides in 1996 and 1999. The strongest recorded earthquakes in

1452-595: The provinces Gallia Narbonensis and Gallia Aquitania into a new administrative unit called Dioecesis Viennensis (Diocese of Vienne) with the capital more to the north in Vienne . The new diocese's name was later changed to Dioecesis Septem Provinciarum (Diocese of the Seven Provinces), indicating that Diocletian had demoted the word "province" to mean a smaller subdivision than in traditional usage. Galla Narbonensis and surrounding areas were incorporated into

1496-671: The region occurred on 5 April 1959, with its epicentre at Saint-Paul-sur-Ubaye and a recorded intensity of 6.5 at Barcelonnette, and on 17 February 1947, with its epicentre at Prazzo over the Italian border. The subprefecture has been situated since 1978 in a maison mexicaine , the Villa l'Ubayette, constructed between 1901 and 1903. In 1471, the community of Barcelonnette (including several surrounding parishes) comprised 421 fires (households). In 1765, it had 6,674 inhabitants, but emigration, particularly to Mexico, slowed

1540-568: The southern French Alps , at the crossroads between Provence , Piedmont and the Dauphiné , and is the largest town in the Ubaye Valley . The town's inhabitants are known as Barcelonnettes . Barcelonnette was founded and named in 1231, by Ramon Berenguer IV , Count of Provence . While the town's name is generally seen as a diminutive form of Barcelona in Catalonia , Albert Dauzat and Charles Rostaing point out an earlier attestation of

1584-501: The town as it was put to auction by the Duke of Savoy; it thereby gained its own justicial powers. In 1646, a college was founded in Barcelonnette. A "significant" part of the town's inhabitants had, by the 16th century, converted to Protestantism , and were repressed during the French Wars of Religion . The viguerie of Barcelonnette (also comprising Saint-Martin and Entraunes ) was reattached to France in 1713 as part of

1628-426: The town was home to a movement of republican resistance towards Napoleon III 's coup . Though only a minority of the population, the movement rebelled on Sunday 7 December, the day after the news of the coup arrived. Town officials and gendarmes were disarmed and placed in the maison d'arrêt . A committee of public health was created on 8 December; on 9 December the inhabitants of Jausiers and its surroundings formed

1672-407: The town's growth in the period before the Second World War . According to the census of 2017, Barcelonnette has a population of 2,598 (municipal population) across a total area of 16.42 km . The town is characterised by low population density. Between 1990 and 1999 the town's annual mean population growth was -0.6%, though between 1999 and 2007 this increased to an average of -0.2%. The city

1716-526: Was afforded a consulat (giving it the power to administer and defend itself) in 1240. Control of the area in the Middle Ages swung between the Counts of Savoy and of Provence . In 1388, after Count Louis II of Provence had left to conquer Naples , the Count of Savoy Amadeus VIII took control of Barcelonnette; however, it returned to Provençal control in 1390, with the d'Audiffret family as its lords. On

1760-606: Was an important event in the Romanization of Narbonese Gaul, as it resulted in the Romans organizing the province. Control of the province, which bordered directly on Italia , gave the Roman state several advantages: control of the land route between Italy and the Iberian Peninsula ; a territorial buffer against Gallic attacks on Italy; and control of the lucrative trade routes of the Rhône valley between Gaul and

1804-654: Was declared in April 1792. The patriotic society of the commune was one of the first 21 created in Alpes-de-Haute-Provence , in spring 1792, by the envoys of the departmental administration. Around a third of the male population attended at the club. Another episode of political violence occurred in August 1792. Barcelonnette was the seat of the District of Barcelonnette from 1790 to 1800. In December 1851,

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1848-552: Was fully subject to Roman rule. In 40 BC, during the Second Triumvirate , Lepidus was given responsibility for Narbonese Gaul (along with Hispania and Africa), while Mark Antony was given the balance of Gaul. After becoming Emperor , Augustus made Gallia Narbonensis a senatorial province governed by a proconsul . Emperor Diocletian 's administrative reorganization of the Empire in c.  AD 314 merged

1892-512: Was garrisoned at Barcelonnette between 1948 and 1990. Barcelonnette is situated in the wide and fertile Ubaye Valley , of which it is the largest town. It lies at an elevation of 1132 m (3717 ft) on the right bank of the Ubaye River, and is surrounded by mountains which reach peaks of over 3000 m; the tallest of these is the Needle of Chambeyron at 3412 m. Barcelonnette

1936-514: Was the source of a wave of emigration to Mexico . Among these emigrants was Jean Baptiste Ebrard, founder of the Liverpool department store chain in Mexico. On the edges of Barcelonnette and Jausiers there are several houses and villas of colonial style (known as maisons mexicaines ), constructed by emigrants to Mexico who returned to France between 1870 and 1930. A plaque in the town commemorates

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