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18-759: Camerino is home to the University of Camerino , founded in the Middle Ages . Camerino occupies the site of the ancient Camerinum , the inhabitants of which ( Camertes Umbri or Umbrii-Camertii) became allies of the Romans in 310 BC or 309 BC (at the time of the attack on the Etruscans in the Ciminian Forest ). On the other hand, the Katspriot referred to in the history of the year 295 BC are probably

36-495: A dispute rewarding an alleged civil wrong and seeking redress or payment of damages . It includes the process of one party notifying the other that they have a cause for action. It is often suggested that civil litigation proceedings are undertaken for the purpose of obtaining compensation for injury, and may thus be distinguished from criminal proceedings, whose purpose is to inflict punishment. However, exemplary damages or punitive damages may be awarded in civil proceedings. It

54-454: A kitchen and a bath room. A shuttle bus (regular bus line) takes the students with a valid Unicam bus ticket into the city center for free. [REDACTED] 43°08′09″N 13°04′07″E  /  43.13583°N 13.06861°E  / 43.13583; 13.06861 This Italian university, college or other education institution article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Civil law (common law) Civil law

72-587: A limited period. After Camerino lost its importance as a political centre, the university declined and had vanished by 1600. In 1723, Benedict XIII founded the Universitas Studii Generalis with the faculties of theology, jurisprudence , medicine, and mathematics. On 13 April 1756 the validity of the degrees from Camerino was extended to the whole territory of the Holy Roman Empire and the title of palatine count bestowed on

90-538: A number of exceptions such as committal proceedings for civil contempt —proof on a balance of probabilities . In civil cases in the law of the Maldives , the burden of proof requires the plaintiff to convince the court of the plaintiff's entitlement to the relief sought. This means that the plaintiff must prove each element of the claim, or cause of action in order to recover. The cost of pursuing civil litigation has sometimes been highlighted as excessive relative to

108-673: Is a major "branch of the law", for example in common law legal systems such as those in England and Wales and in the United States , where it stands in contrast to criminal law . The law relating to civil wrongs and quasi-contracts is part of the civil law, as is law of property (other than property-related crimes, such as theft or vandalism ). Civil law may, like criminal law , be divided into substantive law and procedural law . The rights and duties of persons ( natural persons and legal persons ) amongst themselves

126-634: Is the best university of Italy among those with fewer than 10,000 students, according to the Guida Censis Repubblica 2011 and 2012 ranking. It claims to have been founded in 1337 and was officially recognized by the Pope in 1723. It is organized into five faculties. Writer and jurist Cino from Pistoia, living in Marche in the years 1319–22, and in Camerino in the spring of 1331, described

144-573: Is the primary concern of civil law. The common law is today as fertile a source for theoretical inquiry as it has ever been. Around the English-speaking world, many scholars of law, philosophy, politics, and history study the theoretical foundations and applications of the common law. The common law system, which originated in medieval England , is often contrasted with the civil law legal system originating in France and Italy. Whereas

162-425: The city, while a sumptuous Ducal Palace was built by Giulio Cesare in 1460. Giulio Cesare's daughter, Camilla Battista da Varano , was canonized a saint by Pope Benedict XVI in 2010. In 1336 the University was founded. The Da Varano were nearly extinguished by Cesare Borgia in 1502, and in 1545 the city fell under direct Papal administration. In 1861, after Camerino become part of the unified Kingdom of Italy,

180-500: The civil law takes the form of legal codes such as the Napoleonic code , the common law comes from uncodified case law that arises as a result of judicial decisions, recognising prior court decisions as legally binding precedent . When used in the context of a common law legal system, the term civil law means that branch of the law not including criminal law. Civil litigation refers to legal proceedings undertaken to resolve

198-519: The inhabitants of Clusium . Later it appears as a dependent autonomous community with the foedus aequum , an "equal" treaty with Rome (Mommsen, Römisches Staatsrecht , iii. 664). Two cohorts of Camertes fought with distinction under Gaius Marius against the Cimbri . It was much affected by the conspiracy of Catiline , and is frequently mentioned in the Civil Wars; under the empire it

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216-415: The pope; Manfred of Sicily 's troops, led by Percivalle Doria, besieged and destroyed it (1256): much of the population was killed, but Camerino recovered under Gentile Da Varano , who was amongst the refugees that returned in 1262. Gentile formed a lasting fiefdom for his family which lasted three centuries. In 1382, his descendant Giovanni Da Varano built a 12-kilometre (7.5 mi) long wall to defend

234-487: The territory as teeming with law schools. Camerino became a center of learning by year 1205, offering degrees in civil law , canonical law, medicine , and literary studies. Upon the request of Gentile III da Varano, Gregory XI issued the papal edict of 29 January 1367, addressed to the municipality and to the people, authorizing Camerino to confer (after appropriate examination) bachelor and doctoral degrees with apostolic authority, although only in legal studies and only for

252-543: The university was recognised by the new state. In 1958, the school became known as the University of Camerino , a public institution. No ancient building is visible today, the Roman remains lying as much as one metre below ground level. Principal sights include: University of Camerino The University of Camerino ( Italian : Università degli Studi di Camerino ) is a university located in Camerino , Italy. It

270-582: The vice-chancellor. In 1871, after annexation by the Kingdom of Italy, the university was proclaimed "free" and it remained so up to 1959, when it became a State University. These are the five faculties in which the university is divided into: Students enrolled at the University of Camerino may live on campus. Its location is in the north of Camerino at the city's border. On the campus there are apartments for two or more people, each with separate bedrooms,

288-569: Was a municipium . It belonged to ancient Umbria , but was on the borders of Picenum . Camerino was part of the Exarchate of Ravenna until 592, when it was captured by the Lombards . The city under the latter was the seat of a marquisate and then of a duchy which was sometimes under the suzerainty of Spoleto , and which was later conquered by the Franks . In the 10th to 11th centuries the city

306-510: Was also formerly possible for common informers to sue for a penalty in civil proceedings. Because some courts have both a civil and criminal jurisdiction, civil proceedings cannot be defined as those taken in civil courts. In the United States, the expression "civil courts" is used as a shorthand for "trial courts in civil cases". In England and other common-law countries, the burden of proof in civil proceedings is, in general—with

324-517: Was under the Mainardi family. Boniface III of Tuscany occupied the duchy around 1050, and then ceded it to his daughter Matilda , who in turn donated it to the Papal States . After the year 1000, however, Camerino turned itself into an independent commune. Initially Ghibelline , it later became a Guelph stronghold and suffered much under Emperor Frederick II on account of its loyalty to

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