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43-556: The Carib people had migrated from the mainland to the islands about 1200 AD according to carbon dating of artifacts. In 1635 the Carib were overwhelmed by French forces led by the adventurer Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc and his nephew Jacques Dyel du Parquet , who imposed French colonial rule on the indigenous Carib peoples. Cardinal Richelieu of France gave the island to the Saint Christophe Company , in which he

86-410: A folk dance , a social dance , a group dance such as a line , circle , chain or square dance , or a partner dance such as is common in western Western ballroom dancing , is undertaken primarily for a common purpose, such as entertainment, social interaction or exercise , of participants rather than onlookers. The many forms of dance provide recreation for all age groups and cultures. Music

129-485: A hobby / passion and not for monetary profit. The quality of some amateur work may be highly specialized or eclectic in choice of subjects. Amateur photography is often pre-eminent in photographic subjects which have little prospect of commercial use or reward. Amateur photography grew during the late 19th century due to the popularization of the Hand-held camera . Nowadays it has spread widely through social media and

172-421: A greater goal, such as the pursuit of knowledge that can only be obtained by such activities. Adventurous experiences create psychological arousal , which can be interpreted as negative (e.g. fear ) or positive (e.g. flow ). For some people, adventure becomes a major pursuit in and of itself. According to adventurer André Malraux , in his Man's Fate (1933), "If a man is not ready to risk his life, where

215-801: A participant be an athlete . Competition generally is less stressed than in individual or team sports organized into opposing squads in pursuit of a trophy or championship. When the activity involves exceptional excitement, physical challenge, or risk, it is sometimes referred to as "adventure recreation" or "adventure training", rather than an extreme sport . Other traditional examples of outdoor recreational activities include hiking , camping , mountaineering , cycling , canoeing , caving , kayaking , rafting , rock climbing , running , sailing , skiing , sky diving and surfing . As new pursuits, often hybrids of prior ones, emerge, they gain their own identities, such as coasteering , canyoning , fastpacking , and plogging . Participatory dance whether it be

258-483: A recreational activity may become work, and vice versa. Thus, for a musician, playing an instrument may be at one time a profession, and at another a recreation. Similarly, it may be difficult to separate education from recreation as in the case of recreational mathematics . Recreation has many health benefits, and, accordingly, Therapeutic Recreation has been developed to take advantage of this effect. The National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification (NCTRC)

301-583: A regular basis. A hobby is considered to be a regular activity that is done for enjoyment, typically during one's leisure time , not professionally and not for pay. Hobbies include collecting themed items and objects, engaging in creative and artistic pursuits, playing sports, or pursuing other amusements. Participation in hobbies encourages acquiring substantial skills and knowledge in that area. A list of hobbies changes with renewed interests and developing fashions, making it diverse and lengthy. Hobbies tend to follow trends in society, for example stamp collecting

344-496: A wide variety of literary genres. Many adventure games ( text and graphic ) are designed for a single player, since this emphasis on story and character makes multi-player design difficult. From ancient times, travelers and explorers have written about their adventures. Journals which became best-sellers in their day were written, such as Marco Polo 's journal The Travels of Marco Polo or Mark Twain 's Roughing It . Others were personal journals, only later published, such as

387-455: Is a strong focus on using and learning practical skills and applying them to reference designs. There is also growing work on equity and the maker culture . Any structured form of play could become a game. Games are played sometimes purely for recreation, sometimes for achievement or monetary rewards as well. They are played for recreation alone, in teams, or online; by amateurs. Professionals can play as part of their work for entertainment of

430-632: Is an essential part of human life and finds many different forms which are shaped naturally by individual interests but also by the surrounding social construction. Recreational activities can be communal or solitary, active or passive, outdoors or indoors, healthy or harmful, and useful for society or detrimental. Some recreational activities – such as gambling, recreational drug use , or delinquent activities – may violate societal norms and laws. A list of typical activities could be almost endless. A significant section of recreational activities are designated as hobbies which are activities done for pleasure on

473-446: Is an important factor in the economy; it has been estimated that the outdoor recreation sector alone contributes $ 730 billion annually to the U.S. economy and generates 6.5 million jobs. A recreation center is a place for recreational activities usually administered by a municipal government agency. Swimming, basketball, weightlifting, volleyball and kids' play areas are very common. A recreation specialist would be expected to meet

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516-430: Is carried out throughout different platforms and equipment, including the use of cell phone. Clear pictures can now be taken with a cell phone which is a key tool for making photography more accessible to everyone. Many recreational activities are organized, typically by public institutions, voluntary group-work agencies, private groups supported by membership fees, and commercial enterprises. Examples of each of these are

559-551: Is composed and performed for many purposes, ranging from recreation, religious or ceremonial purposes, or for entertainment. When music was only available through sheet music scores, such as during the Classical and Romantic eras in Europe, music lovers would buy the sheet music of their favourite pieces and songs so that they could perform them at home on their instruments. Video games are immersive experiences that leave some of

602-857: Is his dignity?" Similarly, Helen Keller stated that "Life is either a daring adventure or nothing." Outdoor adventurous activities are typically undertaken for the purposes of recreation or excitement : examples are adventure racing and adventure tourism . Adventurous activities can also lead to gains in knowledge, such as those undertaken by explorers and pioneers – the British adventurer Jason Lewis , for example, uses adventures to draw global sustainability lessons from living within finite environmental constraints on expeditions to share with schoolchildren. Adventure education intentionally uses challenging experiences for learning . Author Jon Levy suggests that an experience should meet several criteria to be considered an adventure: Some of

645-400: Is that leisure is just "spare time", time not consumed by the necessities of living, another holds that leisure is a force that allows individuals to consider and reflect on the values and realities that are missed in the activities of daily life, thus being an essential element of personal development and civilization. This direction of thought has even been extended to the view that leisure is

688-492: Is the nationally recognized credentialing organization for the profession of Therapeutic Recreation. Professionals in the field of Therapeutic Recreation who are certified by the NCTRC are called "Certified Therapeutic Recreation Specialists". The job title "Recreation Therapist" is identified in the U.S. Dept of Labor's Occupation Outlook. Such therapy is applied in rehabilitation , psychiatric facilities for youth and adults, and in

731-770: The National Park Service , the YMCA , the Kiwanis , and Walt Disney World . Public space such as parks and beaches are essential venues for many recreational activities and Tourism has recognized that many visitors are specifically attracted by recreational offerings. In particular, beach and waterfront promenades such as the beach area of Venice Beach in California, the Promenade de la Croisette in Cannes,

774-601: The Promenade des Anglais in Nice or the lungomare of Barcola with Miramare Castle in Trieste are important recreational areas for the city population on the one hand and on the other also important tourist destinations with all advantages and disadvantages for the locals. In support of recreational activities government has taken an important role in their creation, maintenance, and organization, and whole industries have developed merchandise or services. Recreation-related business

817-511: The maker culture include engineering-oriented pursuits such as home improvement , electronics , robotics , 3-D printing , and the use of Computer Numeric Control tools, as well as more traditional activities such as metalworking , woodworking , and, mainly, its predecessor, traditional arts and crafts . The subculture stresses a cut-and-paste approach to standardized hobbyist technologies , and encourages cookbook re-use of designs published on websites and maker-oriented publications. There

860-652: The Caribbean, in 1636 King Louis XIII proclaimed La Traite des Noirs . This authorized the capture or purchase of slaves from Africa , who were then transported as labor to Martinique and other parts of the French West Indies. In 1650, the Company liquidated and sold Martinique to Jacques Dyel du Parquet, who became governor until his death in 1658. His widow then took control of the island for France. As more French colonists arrived, they were attracted to

903-596: The Dominicans' ultimately prevailing. When the Carib revolted against French rule in 1660, the Governor Charles Houel sieur de Petit Pré retaliated with war against them. Many were killed; those who survived were taken captive and expelled from the island. On Martinique, the French colonists signed a peace treaty with the few remaining Carib. Some Carib had fled to Dominica or St. Vincent , where

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946-698: The French agreed to leave them at peace. However, following the British conquest of these islands, the Caribs would eventually be expelled to Central America after losing the Second Carib War . Adventurer An adventure is an exciting experience or undertaking that is typically bold, sometimes risky . Adventures may be activities with danger such as traveling , exploring , skydiving , mountain climbing , scuba diving , river rafting , or other extreme sports . Adventures are often undertaken to create psychological arousal or in order to achieve

989-595: The US, about half of all adults read one or more books for pleasure each year. About 5% read more than 50 books per year. Like drawing, painting has its documented origins in caves and on rock faces. The finest examples, believed by some to be 32,000 years old, are in the Chauvet and Lascaux caves in southern France. In shades of red, brown, yellow and black, the paintings on the walls and ceilings are of bison, cattle, horses and deer. Paintings of human figures can be found in

1032-648: The United States, most states have a professional organization for continuing education and certification in recreation management. The National Recreation and Park Association administers a certification program called the CPRP (Certified Park and Recreation Professional) that is considered a national standard for professional recreation specialist practices. Since the beginning of the 2000s, there are more and more online booking / ticketing platforms for recreational activities that emerged. Many of them leveraged

1075-482: The aesthetics to be defined by the player while reserving the author's authority on the latter. Woodworking, photography, moviemaking , jewelry making , software projects such as Photoshopping and home music or video production , making bracelets , artistic projects such as drawing, painting, Cosplay (design, creation, and wearing of a costume based on an already existing creative property), creating models out of card stock or paper (called papercraft ) fall under

1118-410: The audience. The games could be board games , puzzles , computer or video games . Recreation engaged in out of doors, most commonly in natural settings. The activities themselves — such as fishing , hunting , backpacking , and horseback riding — characteristically dependent on the environment practiced in. While many of these activities can be classified as sports , they do not all demand that

1161-462: The care of the elderly, the disabled, or people with chronic diseases. Recreational physical activity is important to reduce obesity, and the risk of osteoporosis and of cancer, most significantly in men that of colon and prostate, and in women that of the breast; however, not all malignancies are reduced as outdoor recreation has been linked to a higher risk of melanoma . Extreme adventure recreation naturally carries its own hazards. Recreation

1204-516: The category visual arts . Many of these are practised for recreation. Drawing goes back at least 16,000 years to Paleolithic cave representations of animals such as those at Lascaux in France and Altamira in Spain. In ancient Egypt , ink drawings on papyrus , often depicting people, were used as models for painting or sculpture. Drawings on Greek vases , initially geometric, later developed to

1247-472: The fertile area known as Cabesterre (leeward side). The French had pushed the remaining Carib people to this northeastern coast and the Caravalle Peninsula, but the colonists wanted the additional land. The Jesuits and Dominicans agreed that whichever order arrived there first, would get all future parishes in that part of the island. The Jesuits came by sea and the Dominicans by land, with

1290-418: The human form with black-figure pottery during the 7th century BC. With paper becoming common in Europe by the 15th century, drawing was adopted by masters such as Sandro Botticelli , Raphael , Michelangelo , and Leonardo da Vinci who sometimes treated drawing as an art in its own right rather than a preparatory stage for painting or sculpture. Writing may involve letters, journals and web blogs. In

1333-530: The idea of a quest: the hero goes off in pursuit of a reward, whether it be a skill, prize, treasure, or perhaps the safety of a person. On the way, the hero must overcome various obstacles to obtain their reward. In video game culture , an adventure game is a video game in which the player assumes the role of a protagonist in an interactive story driven by exploration and puzzle solving . The genre 's focus on story allows it to draw heavily from other narrative -based media, literature and film , encompassing

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1376-521: The journals of Meriwether Lewis and William Clark or Captain James Cook 's journals. There are also books written by those not directly a part of the adventure in question, such as The Right Stuff by Tom Wolfe or books written by those participating in the adventure but in a format other than that of a journal, such as Conquistadors of the Useless by Lionel Terray . Documentaries often use

1419-806: The late 14th century, first in the sense of "refreshment or curing of a sick person", and derived turn from Latin ( re : "again", creare : "to create, bring forth, beget"). People spend their time on activities of daily living , work , sleep , social duties and leisure, the latter time being free from prior commitments to physiologic or social needs, a prerequisite of recreation. Leisure has increased with increased longevity and, for many, with decreased hours spent for physical and economic survival, yet others argue that time pressure has increased for modern people, as they are committed to too many tasks. Other factors that account for an increased role of recreation are affluence, population trends, and increased commercialization of recreational offerings. While one perception

1462-544: The oldest and most widespread stories in the world are stories of adventure, such as Homer 's Odyssey . The knight errant was the form the "adventure seeker" character took in the Late Middle Ages . Adventure fiction exhibits these "protagonist on adventurous journey" characteristics, as do many popular feature films , such as Star Wars and Raiders of the Lost Ark . Adventure books may have

1505-502: The participant. A traditional view holds that work is supported by recreation, recreation being useful to "recharge the battery" so that work performance is improved. Work, an activity generally performed out of economic necessity and useful for society and organized within the economic framework, however can also be pleasurable and may be self-imposed thus blurring the distinction to recreation. Many activities in entertainment are work for one person and recreation for another. Over time,

1548-763: The purpose of work, and a reward in itself, and "leisure life" reflects the values and character of a nation. Leisure is human right under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights . Recreation is difficult to separate from the general concept of play , which is usually the term for children's recreational activity. Children may playfully imitate activities that reflect the realities of adult life. It has been proposed that play or recreational activities are outlets of or expression of excess energy, channeling it into socially acceptable activities that fulfill individual as well as societal needs, without need for compulsion, and providing satisfaction and pleasure for

1591-400: The recreational needs of a community or assigned interest group. Educational institutions offer courses that lead to a degree as a Bachelor of Arts in recreation management. People with such degrees often work in parks and recreation centers in towns, on community projects and activities. Networking with instructors, budgeting , and evaluation of continuing programs are common job duties. In

1634-789: The terms describing the building, modifying , or repairing things without the direct aid of experts or professionals. Academic research has described DIY as behaviors where "individuals engage raw and semi-raw materials and parts to produce, transform, or reconstruct material possessions, including those drawn from the natural environment (e.g., landscaping)". DIY behavior can be triggered by various motivations previously categorized as marketplace motivations (economic benefits, lack of product availability, lack of product quality, need for customization), and identity enhancement ( craftsmanship , empowerment, community seeking, uniqueness). They could involve crafts that requires particular skills and knowledge of skilled work . Typical interests enjoyed by

1677-661: The theme of adventure as well. There are many sports classified as adventure sports, due to their inherent danger and excitement. Some of these include mountain climbing , skydiving , or other extreme sports . Recreation Recreation is an activity of leisure , leisure being discretionary time. The "need to do something for recreation" is an essential element of human biology and psychology . Recreational activities are often done for enjoyment , amusement , or pleasure and are considered to be " fun ". The term recreation appears to have been used in English first in

1720-468: The theme of the hero or main character going to face the wilderness or Mother Nature . Examples include books such as Hatchet or My Side of the Mountain . These books are less about "questing", such as in mythology or other adventure novels, but more about surviving on their own, living off the land, gaining new experiences, and becoming closer to the natural world. Many adventures are based on

1763-588: The tombs of ancient Egypt. In the great temple of Ramses II , Nefertari , his queen, is depicted being led by Isis . Greek and Roman art like the Hellenistic Fayum mummy portraits and Battle of Issus at Pompeii contributed to Byzantine art in the 4th century BC, which initiated a tradition in icon painting. Models of aeroplanes, boats, cars, tanks, artillery, and even figures of soldiers and superheroes are popular subjects to build, paint and display. An amateur photographer practices photography as

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1806-596: Was a shareholder. Later the company was reorganized as the Company of the American Islands . The French colonists imposed French Law on the conquered inhabitants, and Jesuit missionaries arrived to convert them to the Roman Catholic Church . Because the Carib people resisted working as laborers to build and maintain the sugar and cocoa plantations which the French began to develop in

1849-456: Was popular during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries as postal systems were the main means of communication, while video games are more popular nowadays following technological advances. The advancing production and technology of the nineteenth century provided workers with more availability in leisure time to engage in hobbies. Because of this, the efforts of people investing in hobbies has increased with time. Bricolage and DIY are some of

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