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60-800: The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri met at this building until 2001, and the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit met here until 2000. The building now provides office space and facilities for the Twenty-Second Judicial Circuit Court of Missouri, the City of St. Louis Sheriff's Department , the St. Louis Circuit Attorney, the St. Louis Circuit Clerk,

120-553: A case that started in Missouri's Eastern District went before the United States Supreme Court in 1988, it was held that public school curricular student newspapers are subject to a lower level of First Amendment protection. Another First Amendment case in public schools came up in 1998, when E.D. Mo. heard Beussink v. Woodland R-IV School District . Judge Rodney W. Sippel ruled that the school violated

180-469: A constitutional amendment to define marriage as the union between a man and a woman ; the measure overwhelmingly passed Franklin County with 76.89 percent of the vote. The initiative passed the state with 71 percent of support from voters as Missouri became the first state to ban same-sex marriage . In 2006, Missourians voted on a constitutional amendment to fund and legalize embryonic stem cell research in

240-469: A household in the county was $ 54,392, and the median income for a family was $ 62,969. Males had a median income of $ 35,849 versus $ 23,344 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 24,529. About 4.50% of families and 7.00% of the population were below the poverty line , including 7.90% of those under age 18 and 8.80% of those age 65 or over. The unemployment rate in Franklin County

300-650: A portion of Franklin County near Augusta is north of the river. The Bourbeuse River flows for 107 miles through the county. It cuts a deep, narrow valley and is very crooked. It empties into the Meramec River near Union . This river is mostly undeveloped, with limited access and few bridges over it. During low water, a number of fords allow crossing. The county is located in the Ozarks region, with steep hills and deep valleys, caves , springs , and sinkholes characteristic of karst areas. The underlying rock

360-420: A school desegregation suit in 1972, the court required St. Louis to accept a busing plan in 1980. Judge William L. Hungate declared that a mandatory plan would go into effect unless other arrangements were made to adhere to the terms of the suit. In 1983, an unprecedented voluntary busing plan was put into place, integrating the schools without a mandated plan being required. In Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier ,

420-415: A student's rights by sanctioning him for material he posted on his website. This case has been widely cited in higher courts. In the 2000s, two more notable cases originated in this District and were heard by the United States Supreme Court. Nixon v. Shrink Missouri Government PAC upheld state limits on campaign contributions to state offices, and Sell v. United States imposed stringent limits on

480-763: A term of seven years, or until age 70, whichever occurs first. The age restrictions are waived if no members of the court would otherwise be qualified for the position. When the office was created in 1948, the chief judge was the longest-serving judge who had not elected to retire, on what has since 1958 been known as senior status , or declined to serve as chief judge. After August 6, 1959, judges could not become or remain chief after turning 70 years old. The current rules have been in operation since October 1, 1982. List of U.S. Attorneys since 1857 38°37′44″N 90°11′34″W  /  38.62889°N 90.19278°W  / 38.62889; -90.19278 Franklin County, Missouri Franklin County

540-524: Is 2.9% as of December 2018, below state and national averages. Manufacturing accounts for the most (23.8%) employment in Franklin County, primarily in the cities of Washington and Union, followed by trade, transportation and utilities (18.8%), education and health care (17.7%), and construction (11.3%). The biggest employers in Franklin County are the manufacturing firms of Magnet LLC, Cardinal Brands Hazel Division, GDX Automotive, Sporlan Valve Company, Esselte, Silgan, Buddeez, and Meramec Group Inc. as well as

600-573: Is a part of Missouri's 26th District in the Missouri Senate and is represented by Dave Schatz (R- Sullivan ). All of Franklin is included in the 3rd Congressional District , represented by Blaine Luetkemeyer (R-St. Elizabeth) in the U.S. House of Representatives . At the presidential level, Franklin County is fairly independent-leaning, but, like many exurban and mostly rural counties, its voters often favor Republican and conservative issues. While southerner Bill Clinton narrowly carried

660-658: Is also in the Hermann AVA. Wineries along both sides of the Missouri River are part of the Missouri Rhineland , whose vineyards were started by German immigrants in the mid-19th century. Before Prohibition , Missouri was the second-largest wine-producing state in the nation. Everything was closed down except for limited production of wine allowed for religious purposes. The state's wine industry had to be completely rebuilt, which has been taking place since

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720-733: Is based in Hannibal, Missouri , but its office is unstaffed unless court is being held there. It covers the counties of Adair , Audrain , Chariton , Clark , Knox , Lewis , Linn , Macon , Marion , Monroe , Montgomery , Pike , Ralls , Randolph , Schuyler , Shelby , and Scotland . The Southeastern division is based at Cape Girardeau . Its courthouse is named for Rush Limbaugh Sr. That division's jurisdiction covers Bollinger , Butler , Cape Girardeau , Carter , Dunklin , Iron , Madison , Mississippi , New Madrid , Pemiscot , Perry , Reynolds , Ripley , Sainte Genevieve , Scott , Shannon , Stoddard , and Wayne counties. Missouri

780-404: Is land and 8.0 square miles (21 km ) (0.9%) is water. It is the fourth-largest county in Missouri by land area and third-largest by total area. The center of the Missouri River forms the nominal northern border of the county, although the river has changed its course since boundaries were first established: a portion of St. Charles County near St. Albans is now south of the river, while

840-556: Is located in the U.S. state of Missouri . At the 2020 census , the population was 104,682. Its county seat is Union . The county was organized in 1818 and is named after Founding Father Benjamin Franklin . Franklin County is part of the St. Louis , MO- IL Metropolitan Statistical Area and contains some of the city's exurbs . It is located along the south side of the Missouri River . The county has wineries that are included in

900-484: Is typically carbonate , including limestone and dolomite . Mining activity in the county included ores of lead , copper , zinc , and deposits of refractory clay . The soils in most of the county tend to be thin, rocky red clay, and are poor for most agriculture, while the soil near the Missouri River is dark, rich, and thick, and used primarily for row crops such as corn , wheat , and soybeans . Much of

960-568: The Hermann AVA ( American Viticultural Area ) and is part of the region known as the Missouri Rhineland , which extends on both sides of the Missouri River. Occupied by succeeding cultures of indigenous peoples , this area was populated by the historic Osage tribe at the time of European encounter. The region was first settled by Europeans during the rule of the Spanish Empire . The Spanish log fort San Juan del Misuri (1796–1803)

1020-492: The Meramec Valley R-III School District in the public education sector and Schatz Underground Cable Inc. in the construction industry. Small farms and wineries also greatly contribute to the economy in Franklin County. The highest educational attainment in Franklin County consists of the following: School districts in the county: Elementary: Rural Franklin County has had problems with

1080-597: The United States Court House and Custom House in St. Louis. In 2001 it moved to the Thomas F. Eagleton United States Courthouse , the largest courthouse in the United States. The 2000 census reported that the district had a population of nearly 2.8 million, ranking 38th in population among the 90 U.S. judicial districts. Jean Constance Hamilton , appointed by George H. W. Bush in 1990,

1140-516: The census of 2000, there were 93,807 people, 34,945 households, and 25,684 families residing in the county. The population density was 102 inhabitants per square mile (39/km ). There were 38,295 housing units at an average density of 42 units per square mile (16/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 97.47% White , 0.94% Black or African American , 0.27% Asian , 0.24% Native American , 0.02% Pacific Islander , 0.20% from other races , and 0.86% from two or more races. Approximately 0.72% of

1200-451: The minimum wage . In 2006, Missourians voted on a proposition (Proposition B) to increase the minimum wage in the state to $ 6.50 an hour; it passed Franklin County with 77.61 percent of the vote. The proposition strongly passed every single county in Missouri with 75.94 percent voting in favor as the minimum wage was increased to $ 6.50 an hour in the state. During the same election, voters in five other states also strongly approved increases in

1260-474: The 1960s. The rural county has had severe problems with local production, distribution and consumption of methamphetamine . The struggles of the county with adverse effects of the drug, was explored in a 2005 A&E documentary entitled Meth: A County in Crisis . According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 931 square miles (2,410 km ), of which 923 square miles (2,390 km )

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1320-646: The Act caused "countless controversies" arising in bankruptcy to be brought before the District Court. Despite the turmoil inflicted by the Civil War, Missouri experienced a population boom, becoming the fifth largest state in the U.S. by 1890, and having a busy court docket which reflected this population growth. In 1887 a Congressional Act divided the Eastern District into the Northern and Eastern Divisions of

1380-577: The District of Missouri was subdivided, Robert William Wells , who was the sole judge serving the District of Missouri at the time of the division, was reassigned to the Western District, allowing President Franklin Pierce to appoint Samuel Treat as the first judge for the Eastern District of Missouri. The court was initially authorized to meet in St. Louis, which had previously been one of

1440-513: The Eastern District of Missouri The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri (in case citations , E.D. Mo. ) is a trial level federal district court based in St. Louis, Missouri , with jurisdiction over fifty counties in the eastern half of Missouri . The court is one of ninety-four district-level courts which make up the first tier of the U.S. federal judicial system. Judges of this court preside over civil and criminal trials on federal matters that originate within

1500-562: The Eastern District of Missouri are heard by the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act , which are appealed to the Federal Circuit ). These cases can then be appealed to the United States Supreme Court. The Court is based in St. Louis but is organized into three divisions: Eastern, Northern, and Southeastern. The court for

1560-622: The Eastern District. The courts of the Eastern Division continued to be held at the U.S. Custom House and Post Office in St. Louis , while the courts of the Northern Division were moved to the U.S. Post Office at Hannibal, Missouri , where they met until 1960. These two courts, along with the four courts of the Western District, made six courts for the state, and at the time no other state had so many separate federal courts. The district has since been further divided into

1620-461: The Eastern division is held in downtown St. Louis, in the Thomas F. Eagleton United States Courthouse , where the St. Louis Clerk's Office is located. It covers the counties of Crawford , Dent , Franklin , Gasconade , Jefferson , Lincoln , Maries , Phelps , Saint Charles , Saint Francois , Saint Louis , Warren , Washington , and the independent City of St. Louis . The Northern division

1680-476: The Eastern, Northern, and Southeast divisions. In 1888, Audrain County, Missouri , was moved from the Eastern to the Western District. In 1897, it was moved back to the Eastern district. In 1891, the United States circuit courts were eliminated in favor of the new United States courts of appeals . When the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit heard its first case, on October 12, 1891,

1740-519: The Federal government, and each one had a separate code of laws of its own ... The court, in this time, also tried numerous criminal cases arising from efforts to evade the tax laws through smuggling and fraud. Following the Civil War, and in response to the economic disruption it had caused, Congress enacted the Bankruptcy Act of 1867. Between its enactment and its subsequent repeal in 1878,

1800-456: The St. Louis Public Defender, and other city departments. The Carnahan Courthouse is featured on many of Saint Louis's Architectural tours, because of its notable columns. 38°37′36″N 90°11′52″W  /  38.62677°N 90.19774°W  / 38.62677; -90.19774 This article related to a building or structure in St. Louis is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . United States District Court for

1860-487: The Supreme Court, where one justice is specifically nominated to be chief, the office of chief judge rotates among the district court judges. To be chief, a judge must have been in active service on the court for at least one year, be under the age of 65, and have not previously served as chief judge. A vacancy is filled by the judge highest in seniority among the group of qualified judges. The chief judge serves for

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1920-743: The borders of its jurisdiction. It is organized into three divisions, with court held in St. Louis , Hannibal , and Cape Girardeau . The court was formed when the District of Missouri was divided into East and West in 1857, and its boundaries have changed little since that division. In its history it has heard a number of important cases that made it to the United States Supreme Court , covering issues related to freedom of speech, abortion, property rights, and campaign finance. There are currently nine active judges, five judges in senior status , and seven magistrate judges attached to

1980-511: The constitutionality of New Deal measures, one of which originated in the Eastern District of Missouri. The case, originally filed as Norman v. B & O Railroad , reached the Supreme Court along with two cases filed in the United States Court of Claims , under the single heading of the Gold Clause Cases . The Supreme Court upheld the determination of the trial court judge, Charles Breckenridge Faris , who found that Congress had

2040-444: The county both times in 1992 and 1996, George W. Bush strongly carried Franklin County in 2000 and 2004. Like many of the rural counties in Missouri, Franklin County favored John McCain over Barack Obama in 2008. Like most predominantly rural areas, voters in Franklin County generally strongly support socially and culturally conservative principles and therefore tend to support Republican candidates. In 2004, Missourians voted on

2100-408: The county is covered with thick forests , reestablished since the 1920s. Urbanization is increasing in the county, especially surrounding Washington and Union , and along Interstate 44 . St. Albans is now a continuation of the suburban region of St. Louis County while the majority of the county retains a rural character and includes extensive wilderness areas, typical of exurban areas. As of

2160-531: The court's establishment, the American Civil War erupted, and Missouri was placed under martial law. Missouri was a border state with sharply divided loyalties among its citizenry, resulting in the imposition of stern controls from the Union government, including the imprisonment of large number of Missouri militiamen. When the District, by the hand of Judge Treat, issued a writ of habeas corpus for

2220-684: The court. As of December 31, 2020 , the acting United States attorney for the Eastern District of Missouri is Sayler A. Fleming. As a United States district court , the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri conducts civil trials and issues orders. The cases it hears concern either federal question jurisdiction , where a federal law or treaty is applicable, or diversity jurisdiction , where parties are domiciled in different states. The court also holds criminal trials of persons charged with violations of federal law. Appeals from cases brought in

2280-418: The land. In 1833 substantial numbers of German immigrant families began settling in the area, and soon they outnumbered the slave owners in the county. The German newcomers were opposed to slavery, and their sons would become Union supporters during the U.S. Civil War . Former governor and then Confederate General Sterling Price led his cavalry through the county during his Missouri raid of 1864. Before

2340-526: The local production and consumption of methamphetamine and was featured in an A&E documentary entitled Meth: A County in Crisis (2005). As of July 2022, according to the new congressional map based on the 2020 U.S. Census passed by the Missouri General Assembly and signed into law by Governor Mike Parson , all of Franklin County will be moved from Missouri's 3rd Congressional District to Missouri's 2nd Congressional District, with

2400-468: The minimum wage. 2020 Missouri Presidential primary Republican President Donald Trump won Franklin County with 97.35 percent of the vote; all other Republican candidates received less than 1 percent of the vote. Democratic Forty-seventh Vice President Joe Biden won Franklin County with 59 percent of the vote; U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders (I-Vermont) came in second with 35.03 percent. Donald Trump won Franklin County with 44.49 percent of

2460-581: The new district boundaries taking effect on January 3, 2023, from the results of the November 2022 general elections. The Republican Party predominantly controls politics at the local level in Franklin County. Republicans currently hold all but one of the elected positions in the county. Franklin County is divided into four legislative districts in the Missouri House of Representatives , all of which are held by Republicans. All of Franklin County

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2520-469: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 44.9% were of German , 13.0% American , 10.7% Irish and 7.7% English ancestry. There were 34,945 households, out of which 36.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.40% were married couples living together, 9.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.50% were non-families. 22.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.90% had someone living alone who

2580-505: The power to prohibit parties from contracting for payment in gold. In 1976, the court heard the original proceedings in Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth , a case that challenged several Missouri state regulations regarding abortion . The case was eventually appealed to the United States Supreme Court , which reaffirmed the right to abortion and struck down certain restrictions as unconstitutional . Due to

2640-718: The presiding judge Henry Clay Caldwell was joined by two district court judges from within the jurisdiction of the Circuit. One of those was Amos Madden Thayer of the Eastern District of Missouri. Thayer would later be appointed to the Eight Circuit in his own right. The court was authorized to meet in Cape Girardeau beginning in 1905, and from 1910 to 1920 was additionally authorized to meet in Rolla, Missouri . On September 14, 1922, an additional temporary judgeship

2700-513: The region), and United Shoe Machinery Corp. v. United States (prohibiting certain long-term leases of manufacturing equipment). Another important case brought in the district, Ruckelshaus v. Monsanto Co. , involved the right of companies to maintain trade secrets under Missouri law in the face of federal regulations requiring disclosure of pesticide components. As of July 31, 2024 : Chief judges have administrative responsibilities with respect to their district court. Unlike

2760-765: The release of one of them, Captain Emmett MacDonald , Union commanding general William S. Harney refused, asserting that he had to answer to a "higher law". A substantial portion of the court's docket in this period came from tax cases: when the Civil War came it brought in its train a new class of cases, arising from the violation of treasury regulations, and proceedings to enforce the internal revenue law in all its complex and multiplied divisions and subdivisions. When whisky and tobacco, and net income, and gross receipts, and manufactories, and occupations, and legacies, and bonds, and notes, and conveyances, and drugs and medicines, and other innumerable things, were taxed by

2820-445: The right of a lower court to order the forcible administration of antipsychotic medication to a criminal defendant who had been determined to be incompetent to stand trial for the sole purpose of making him competent and able to be tried. Several notable antitrust cases originated in this district including Brown Shoe Co. v. United States (preventing a merger between two shoe wholesalers which would have reduced competition in

2880-428: The state ; it failed in Franklin County with 56.13 percent voting against the measure. The initiative narrowly passed the state with 51 percent of support from voters as Missouri became one of the first states in the nation to approve embryonic stem cell research . Despite Franklin County's longstanding tradition of supporting socially conservative platforms, voters have advanced some populist causes such as increasing

2940-408: The two authorized meeting places of the District Court for the District of Missouri. It met for a time at the landmark courthouse shared with Missouri state courts, which was the tallest building in the state during that period. For the first thirty years of its existence, the court was primarily concerned with admiralty and maritime cases, including maritime insurance claims. Within a few years of

3000-412: The vote. Former Governor Mitt Romney (R- Massachusetts ) came in a close second place with 30.51 percent while former Governor Mike Huckabee (R- Arkansas ) finished third with 27.70 percent. Libertarian -leaning U.S. Representative Ron Paul (R- Texas ) finished a distant fourth with 4.07 percent. Then- U.S. Senator Hillary Clinton (D- New York ) carried Franklin County with 55.83 percent of

3060-516: The vote. Former Governor Mitt Romney (R-Massachusetts) came in a distant second place with 21.1 percent, and former U.S. Representative Ron Paul (R-Texas) came in third with 12.36 percent. With no serious contest for incumbent President Barack Obama , only 1,080 Franklin County voters chose to participate in the Democratic primary, and Obama won 81.11 percent. U.S. Senator John McCain (R- Arizona ) won Franklin County with 35.68 percent of

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3120-466: The vote. Then- U.S. Senator Barack Obama (D- Illinois ) received 40.28 percent of the vote from Franklin County Democrats, one of his more impressive showings in a predominantly rural albeit exurban county. Although he withdrew from the race, former U.S. Senator John Edwards (D- North Carolina ) still received 2.96 percent of the vote in Franklin County. COVID-19 controversy During

3180-507: The vote; U.S. Senator Ted Cruz (R-Texas) came in second with 39.77 percent, Governor John Kasich (R-Ohio) came in distant third with 7.65 percent, and U.S. Senator Marco Rubio (R-Florida) came in fourth with 5.63 percent. U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders (I-Vermont) won Franklin County with 55.41 percent of the vote while former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton came in second with 42.89 percent. Former U.S. Senator Rick Santorum (R-Pennsylvania) won Franklin County with 60.12 percent of

3240-555: The war Franklin County had been served by steamboats that moved freight and passenger traffic on the Missouri River. Afterwards, it became a railroad transportation center. Manufacturing industries were established at the end of the Civil War and successive ones have continued. Bias Vineyard, near the small city of Berger , is located within the Hermann American Viticultural Area (AVA), designated in 1983. Röbller Vineyard and Winery near New Haven

3300-457: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.11. In the county, the population was spread out, with 27.40% under the age of 18, 8.20% from 18 to 24, 30.00% from 25 to 44, 22.40% from 45 to 64, and 12.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 98.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.80 males. The median income for

3360-572: Was admitted as a state on August 10, 1821, and the United States Congress established the United States District Court for the District of Missouri on March 16, 1822. The District was assigned to the Eighth Circuit on March 3, 1837. Congress subdivided it into Eastern and Western Districts on March 3, 1857. and has since made only small adjustments to the boundaries of that subdivision. The division

3420-409: Was authorized for each district of Missouri, and on August 19, 1935, these temporary judgeships were made permanent. Additional judgeships were added to the Eastern District in 1936, 1942, 1970, 1978, and 1984, and two were added in 1990, bringing the Eastern District to its current total of nine judges. The court continued to meet at the U.S. Custom House and Post Office until 1935, and then moved to

3480-543: Was built in present-day Washington . After the American Revolutionary War , migrants from the new United States started moving West. Among them were the family and followers of Daniel Boone , an explorer from Kentucky who settled the area starting in 1799. For the next two decades, most settlers came from the Upper South , especially Kentucky and Virginia, bringing their slaves with them to work

3540-691: Was prompted by a substantial increase in the number of admiralty cases arising from traffic on the Mississippi River , which had followed an act of Congress passed in 1845 and upheld by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1851, extending federal admiralty jurisdiction to inland waterways. These disputes involved "contracts of affreightment, collisions, mariners' wages, and other causes of admiralty jurisdiction", and litigants of matters arising in St. Louis found it inconvenient to travel to Jefferson City for their cases to be tried. When

3600-556: Was the first female judge appointed to the District. The first African American to serve was Clyde S. Cahill Jr. , who was appointed by Jimmy Carter in 1980. Over the history of the District, five of its judges have been elevated to the Eighth Circuit – Elmer Bragg Adams , John Caskie Collet , Charles Breckenridge Faris , Amos Madden Thayer and William H. Webster . During the Great Depression , three important United States Supreme Court cases were decided which determined

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