111-571: Carnegie Hill is a neighborhood within the Upper East Side , in the borough of Manhattan in New York City . Its boundaries are 86th Street on the south, Fifth Avenue ( Central Park ) on the west, with a northern boundary at 98th Street that continues just past Park Avenue and turns south to 96th Street and proceeds east up to, but not including, Third Avenue . The neighborhood is part of Manhattan Community District 8 . In
222-469: A Free Breakfast for Children and a Free Health Clinic to help Latino and poor families. The Young Lords came together with the Black Panthers and called for Puerto Rican independence and neighborhood empowerment. By the beginning of the 21st century, East Harlem was a racially diverse neighborhood, with about a third of the population being Puerto Rican. As it has been throughout its history, it
333-795: A growing population of Mexican Americans and Salvadoran Americans and other Central American immigrants. It has one of the highest concentrations of Puerto Ricans in all of New York City. As of 2010, the Puerto Rican population was 27.7% in zip code 10029, and 23.4% in 10035. 10035 also has a large Mexican population, at 10.7%. As noted before, the number of Asians in East Harlem more than doubled between 2000 and 2010, largely due to Chinese people moving to East Harlem. Increasing rents in Lower Manhattan's Chinatown have driven many into public and subsidized housing developments in
444-532: A high crime rate, the highest jobless rate in New York City, teenage pregnancy , AIDS , drug abuse , homelessness , and an asthma rate five times the national average. It has the second-highest concentration of public housing in the United States , behind Brownsville, Brooklyn . East Harlem is undergoing some gentrification , and in 2016 the city considered rezoning the area. East Harlem
555-511: A high school education and 14% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 64% of Manhattan residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher. The percentage of the Upper East Side students excelling in math rose from 61% in 2000 to 80% in 2011, and reading achievement increased from 66% to 68% during the same time period. The Upper East Side's rate of elementary school student absenteeism
666-582: A large and conspicuous community through the 1980s and 1990s, and even later, the Italian-American community in East Harlem remained strong in certain areas, particularly around Pleasant Avenue . Today, the few remaining Italian-American residents in Harlem are predominantly older, clustered around Pleasant Avenue and the Our Lady of Mount Carmel Church , mainly from 114th to 118th Streets and
777-481: A low population of residents who are uninsured . In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 4%, less than the citywide rate of 12%, though this was based on a small sample size. The concentration of fine particulate matter , the deadliest type of air pollutant , in the Upper East Side is 0.0083 milligrams per cubic metre (8.3 × 10 oz/cu ft), more than the city average. Eight percent of Upper East Side residents are smokers , which
888-576: A moderate number of Northern Italians , soon predominated, especially in the area east of Lexington Avenue between 96th and 116th Streets and east of Madison Avenue between 116th and 125th Streets, with each street featuring people from different regions of Italy. The neighborhood became known as "Italian Harlem", the Italian American hub of Manhattan; it was the first part of Manhattan to be referred to as " Little Italy ". The first Italians arrived in East Harlem in 1878, from Polla in
999-746: A plurality (37%) are between the ages of 25–44, while 24% are between 45 and 64, and 20% are 65 or older. The ratio of youth and college-aged residents was lower, at 14% and 5% respectively. As of 2017, the median household income in Community District 8 was $ 123,894, though the median income in the Upper East Side individually was $ 131,492. In 2018, an estimated 7% of Community District 8 residents lived in poverty , compared to 14% in all of Manhattan and 20% in all of New York City. One in twenty-five residents (4%) were unemployed, compared to 7% in Manhattan and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or
1110-456: A private mansion on upper Fifth Avenue was 907 Fifth Avenue (1916), at 72nd Street, the neighborhood's grand carriage entrance to Central Park. Most members of New York's upper-class families have made residences on the Upper East Side, including the oil-rich Rockefellers , political Roosevelts , political dynastic Kennedys , thoroughbred racing moneyed Whitneys , and tobacco and electric power fortuned Dukes . Construction of
1221-506: A web site on the history and culture of Puerto Ricans, founded a media gallery and digital film studio called MediaNoche in 2003. It presents technology-based art on Park Avenue and 102nd Street, providing exhibition space and residencies for artists and filmmakers, and webcasting events. East Harlem is served by two precincts of the NYPD . The area north of 116th Street is served by the 25th Precinct, located at 120 East 119th Street, while
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#17327654545771332-406: Is 3.9 years lower than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most residents are children and middle-aged adults: 21% are between the ages of 0–17, while 33% are between 25 and 44, and 23% are between 45 and 64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 10% and 13% respectively. As of 2017, the median household income in Community District 11
1443-513: Is a neighborhood of Upper Manhattan in New York City , north of the Upper East Side and bounded by 96th Street to the south, Fifth Avenue to the west, and the East and Harlem Rivers to the east and north. Despite its name, it is generally not considered to be a part of Harlem proper , but it is one of the neighborhoods included in Greater Harlem. The neighborhood has one of
1554-713: Is centered around Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel . Italian retail establishments still exist in Italian Harlem, such as Rao's restaurant, which started in 1896, and the original Patsy's Pizzeria , which opened in 1933. Another major Italian retail businesses in the neighborhood, a barbershop opened by Claudio Caponigro on 116th Street in the mid-1950s, was threatened with closure by a rent increase in May 2011 but ultimately closed only in 2019 when Mr. Caponigro retired. Puerto Rican and Latin American migration after
1665-540: Is considered to be gentrifying : according to the Community Health Profile, the district was low-income in 1990 and has seen above-median rent growth up to 2010. In the 2020 census report, East Harlem's demographics were separated into north and south parts. North East Harlem had between 30,000 and 39,999 Hispanic residents, 20,000 to 29,999 Black residents, 5,000 to 9,999 White residents, and less than 5000 Asian residents. Meanwhile, South East Harlem
1776-530: Is considered, then the neighborhood has an additional ZIP Code of 10029, along Fifth Avenue between 96th and 105th Streets. The United States Postal Service operates four post offices in the Upper East Side: The Upper East Side generally has a higher rate of college-educated residents than the rest of the city as of 2018 . A majority of residents age 25 and older (83%) have a college education or higher, while 3% have less than
1887-427: Is dominated by public housing complexes of various types, with a high concentration of older tenement buildings between these developments. The neighborhood contains the second-highest concentration of public housing in the United States, behind Brownsville, Brooklyn . The total land area is 1.54 sq mi (4.0 km ). After a wave of arson ravaged the low income communities of New York City throughout
1998-560: Is higher than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 89% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", more than the city's average of 78%. For every supermarket in the Upper East Side, there are 5 bodegas . Lenox Hill Hospital , NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital , and Weill Cornell Medical Center are located on the Upper East Side. In addition, Mount Sinai Hospital and Metropolitan Hospital Center are located nearby in East Harlem . The Upper East Side
2109-532: Is in Carnegie Hill at 12 East 96th Street. Bibliography Notes 40°47′05″N 73°57′22″W / 40.784726°N 73.956070°W / 40.784726; -73.956070 Upper East Side The Upper East Side , sometimes abbreviated UES , is a neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan in New York City , bounded approximately by 96th Street to the north, the East River to
2220-727: Is in the New York State Senate 's 27th , 28th , and 29th districts, the New York State Assembly 's 73rd and 76th districts, and the New York City Council 's 4th and 5th districts. The Upper East Side is one of few areas of Manhattan where Republicans constitute more than 20% of the electorate . In the southwestern part of the neighborhood, Republican voters equal Democratic voters (the only such area in Manhattan), whereas in
2331-410: Is less than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers. In the Upper East Side, 11% of residents are obese , 4% are diabetic , and 15% have high blood pressure —compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively. In addition, 6% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%. Ninety-four percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which
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#17327654545772442-548: Is located in five primary ZIP Codes . From south to north, they are 10065 (south of 69th Street), 10021 (between 69th and 76th Streets), 10075 (between 76th and 80th Streets), 10028 (between 80th and 86th Streets), and 10128 (north of 86th Street). In addition, 500 East 77th Street in Yorkville has its own ZIP Code, 10162. If the AIA Guide's broader definition of the neighborhood (extending up to Fifth Avenue and 106th Streets)
2553-608: Is lower than the rest of New York City. In the Upper East Side, 8% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year , less than the citywide average of 20%. Additionally, 91% of high school students in the Upper East Side graduate on time, more than the citywide average of 75%. The New York City Department of Education operates public schools in the city. Public lower and middle schools Public high schools Other schools Coeducational schools Spanish Harlem East Harlem , also known as Spanish Harlem , Finnish Harlem or El Barrio ,
2664-722: Is named after the mansion that Andrew Carnegie built in 1901 at Fifth Avenue and 91st Street . Today the mansion is the home of the Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum , a branch of the Smithsonian Institution . Facing it across 91st Street is the Italian palazzo-style Otto H. Kahn House , currently the home of the Convent of the Sacred Heart , a Roman Catholic girls' school. Several townhouses in
2775-401: Is one of the neighborhood's largest social service agencies, reaching more than 13,000 people annually at 17 locations throughout East Harlem, through a range of programs, including early childhood education, youth development, senior services, job training, the arts, adult education , nutrition, counseling, a farmers' market, community development, and neighborhood cultural events. East Harlem
2886-534: Is part of Manhattan Community District 11 , and its primary ZIP Codes are 10029 and 10035. It is patrolled by the 23rd and 25th Precincts of the New York City Police Department . The area that became East Harlem was rural for most of the 19th century, but residential settlements northeast of Third Avenue and East 110th Street had developed by the 1860s. The construction of the elevated transit line to Harlem in 1879 and 1880, and
2997-658: Is patrolled by the 19th Precinct of the New York City Police Department . Neighborhood boundaries in New York City are not officially set, but according to the Encyclopedia of New York City , the Upper East Side is bounded by 59th Street in the south, 96th Street on the north, Fifth Avenue to the west, and the East River to the east. The AIA Guide to New York City extends the northern boundary to 106th Street near Fifth Avenue. The area's north-south avenues are Fifth , Madison , Park , Lexington , Third , Second , First , York , and East End Avenues , with
3108-415: Is predominantly a working-class neighborhood. Until 2006, property values in East Harlem climbed along with those in the rest of New York City, leading to gentrification and changes to area demographics . On March 12, 2014, at 9:00 EDT , a large explosion and fire at 1644–1646 Park Avenue killed eight people and injured more than 70. The New York Post listed one part of the neighborhood –
3219-427: Is served by multiple New York City Fire Department (FDNY) fire stations: As of 2018 , preterm births and births to teenage mothers in the Upper East Side are lower than the city average. In the Upper East Side, there were 73 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 3.4 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide). The Upper East Side has
3330-571: The 92nd Street Y , plans for more high rise apartments and additions to existing brownstones. Hunter College High School , a highly selective nationally ranked high school, is located at the corner of 94th Street and Park Avenue. The New York City Department of Education operates public schools such as Lower Lab, one of three gifted and talented programs in NYC. The main campus of the La Scuola d'Italia Guglielmo Marconi Italian international school
3441-555: The First World War established an enclave at the western portion of East Harlem – around 110th Street and Lexington Avenue – which became known as "Spanish Harlem". The area slowly grew to encompass all of East Harlem, including Italian Harlem, as Italians moved out – to the Bronx , Brooklyn , Long Island , upstate New York and New Jersey – and Nuyoricans moved in during another wave of immigration in
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3552-725: The International Center of Photography moved in but later consolidated its operations in Midtown near Bryant Park . In 2001, it again became a private residence. In 1989, the Jewish Museum demolished its 1963 modernist addition and courtyard, replacing it with a new extension opened in 1993 that mimics the French Gothic details of the Warburg Mansion , the museum's home since 1947. The limestone
3663-552: The Landmarks Preservation Commission on July 23, 1974, and then expanded on December 21, 1993, runs from 86th Street in the south to just north of 98th Street in the north. Its western boundary is Central Park , and its eastern boundary varies from Madison Avenue in some parts to Lexington Avenue farther east in others. There are efforts to expand this district to protect structures not designated as landmarks, including 179 East 93rd Street , where
3774-475: The Marx Brothers were raised. Proponents include the 93rd Street Beautification Association and Carnegie Hill Neighbors, organizations which, seeking to preserve the village-like environment, spurred the creation of the historic district and actively monitor its well being. In its more than thirty years of operation, its well-publicized battles have included advocating against an adult education center near
3885-474: The NYPD , located at 153 East 67th Street. The 19th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 82.2% between 1990 and 2022. The precinct reported 2 murders, 12 rapes, 229 robberies, 173 felony assaults, 278 burglaries, 1,724 grand larcenies, and 192 grand larcenies auto in 2022. As of 2018 , Manhattan Community District 8 has a non-fatal assault hospitalization rate of 15 per 100,000 people, compared to
3996-616: The Third Avenue El , opened from 1878 in sections, followed by the Second Avenue El , opened in 1879, linked the Upper East Side's middle class and skilled artisans closely to the heart of the city, and confirmed the modest nature of the area to their east. The unbuilt "Hamilton Square", which had appeared as one of the few genteel interruptions of the grid plan on city maps since the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 ,
4107-691: The "East Harlem Neighborhood Plan", which was offered to the city in February 2017, but in August 2017 residents and the Manhattan Borough President , Gale Brewer , complained that the city had ignored their plan almost entirely. In 2019, the oldest portion of the neighborhood, the blocks of East 111th through 120th Streets between Park and Pleasant Avenues, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as
4218-582: The 1880s the neighborhood of Yorkville became a suburb of middle class Germans. Gracie Mansion , the last remaining suburban villa overlooking the East River at Carl Schurz Park , became the home of New York's mayor in 1942. The East River Drive , designed by Robert Moses , was extended south from the first section, from 125th Street to 92nd Street, which was completed in 1934 as a boulevard, an arterial highway running at street level; reconstruction designs from 1948 to 1966 converted FDR Drive , as it
4329-460: The 1930s to describe the Latino enclave – along with "Italian Harlem" and "Negro Harlem" – the name began to be used to describe the entire East Harlem neighborhood by the 1950s. Later, the name "El Barrio" ("The Neighborhood") began to be used, especially by residents of the area. In the 1950s and 1960s, large sections of East Harlem were leveled for urban renewal projects, and the neighborhood
4440-582: The 1940s and 1950s. The newly dominant Puerto Rican population, which reached 63,000 in 1950, continued to define the neighborhood according to its needs, establishing bodegas and botánicas as it expanded; by the 1930s there was already an enclosed street market underneath the Park Avenue railroad viaduct between 111th and 116th Streets, called "La Marqueta" ("The Market"). Catholic and evangelistic Protestant churches appeared in storefronts. Although "Spanish Harlem" had been in use since at least
4551-403: The 1970s, many of the residential structures in East Harlem were left seriously damaged or destroyed. By the late 1970s, the city began to rehabilitate many abandoned tenement style buildings and designate them as low income housing. Despite recent gentrification of the neighborhood, large numbers of apartment buildings have been deliberately kept vacant by their owners. Although the businesses on
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4662-432: The 2000s, the perceived northern boundary on Park Avenue has edged over 96th Street into what was traditionally Spanish Harlem , leading to that area sometimes being called Upper Carnegie Hill, especially by real-estate brokers. According to the official Carnegie Hill Neighbors website, the Carnegie Hill neighborhood extends from 86th to 98th Streets, from Fifth Avenue up to, but not including, Third Avenue. The neighborhood
4773-622: The Asian population by 38% (5,145), the increase in the Hispanic/Latino population by 19% (2,537), and the decrease in the White population by 3% (5,644). The small Black population increased by 3% (191), while the even smaller population of all other races increased by 15% (628). Taking into account the three census tabulation areas, the decrease of the White population was concentrated Yorkville and Upper East Side-Carnegie Hill especially, while
4884-695: The Black population's decrease was evenly split. The Hispanic/Latino population also decreased by 4% (2,485), a decrease almost entirely concentrated in East Harlem South, where it fell from being the majority group to the plurality group. The small population of other races experienced a slight increase of 5% (132). The entirety of Manhattan Community District 11 , which consists of East Harlem, Randall's Island , and Ward's Island , had 124,323 inhabitants as of NYC Health 's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 77.3 years. This
4995-485: The East Harlem Historic District. The New York City Department of City Planning classifies East Harlem into two neighborhood tabulation areas: East Harlem North and East Harlem South, divided along 115th Street. The two areas had a combined population of 115,921, an increase of 1,874 (1.4%) from the combined 114,047 in the 2000 Census . Based on data from the 2010 United States Census ,
5106-619: The Genovese family. During the 1970s, Italian East Harlem was also home to the Italian-American drug gang and murder-for-hire crew known as the East Harlem Purple Gang . In the 1920s and early 1930s, Italian Harlem was represented in Congress by future Mayor Fiorello H. La Guardia . After becoming mayor, La Guardia helped plan a large expansion of Thomas Jefferson Park at First Avenue, between 111th and 114th Streets, in
5217-677: The Jewish population standing at 90,000 around 1917. In the 1870s, Italian immigrants joined the mix after a contractor building trolley tracks on First Avenue imported Italian laborers as strikebreakers . The workers' shantytown along the East River at 106th Street was the beginning of an Italian neighborhood, with 4,000 having arrived by the mid-1880s. As more immigrants arrived, it expanded north to East 115th Street and west to Third Avenue . East Harlem consisted of pockets of ethnically sorted settlements – Italian, German, Irish, and Jewish – which were beginning to press up against each other, with
5328-617: The Old Post Road ( Third Avenue ) to the river and the farmland inherited by James Lenox , who divided it into blocks of houselots in the 1870s, built his Lenox Library on a Fifth Avenue lot at the farm's south-west corner, and donated a full square block for the Presbyterian Hospital , between 70th and 71st Streets, and Madison and Park Avenues. At that time, along the Boston Post Road taverns stood at
5439-639: The Sutton Terrace development on Sutton Place . The demolition of the els had an adverse effect on transportation, because the IRT Lexington Avenue Line was now the only subway line in the area. The construction of the Second Avenue Subway was originally proposed in 1919. Finally, on January 1, 2017, the first phase of the line was completed with three new stations opened. This brought in new local business to
5550-535: The Upper East Side are located just south of the neighborhood's northern limit at 96th Street, the Holmes Towers and Isaacs Houses . It borders East Harlem , which has the highest concentration of public housing in the United States. Politically, the Upper East Side is in New York's 12th congressional district , which has a Cook PVI of D+34 and is currently represented by Democrat Jerry Nadler . It
5661-429: The area and had positive impact on real estate prices in the Upper East Side. For census purposes, the New York City government classifies the Upper East Side as part of three neighborhood tabulation areas: Upper East Side- Carnegie Hill , Yorkville , and Lenox Hill - Roosevelt Island , divided by Third Avenue and 77th Street. Based on data from the 2010 United States Census , the combined population of these areas
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#17327654545775772-476: The area as well, is now closed. In addition, FDNY EMS Station 10 is located close to Metropolitan Hospital Center. A lack of access to healthy food causes serious hardships to citizens of East Harlem, a neighborhood which is considered to be a food desert . According to an April 2008 report prepared by the New York City Department of City Planning , East Harlem is an area of the city with
5883-862: The area have been converted to schools, including the William Goadby Loew House on 93rd Street (formerly the Smithers Alcoholism Center), currently occupied by the Spence School , and next door, the Virginia Graham Fair Vanderbilt House , converted to a school by the Lycée Français , but sold in 2005 to a private owner. The architecture of the neighborhood includes apartment buildings along Park Avenue and Fifth Avenue , brownstones (with stoops ) and townhouses on
5994-400: The area south of 116th Street is served by the 23rd Precinct, located at 164 East 102nd Street. The 25th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 62.1% between 1990 and 2021. The precinct reported 16 murders, 12 rapes, 242 robberies, 382 felony assaults, 108 burglaries, 401 grand larcenies, and 66 grand larcenies auto in 2012. Of
6105-515: The area. Although crime rates have dropped from the historically high numbers of the crack epidemic , East Harlem suffers from a high violent crime rate, especially in the 25th Precinct above 115th Street. In 2021, the 25th Precinct had the second-highest rates of felony assault and robbery, the sixteenth-highest rate of rape, and the highest rate of murder out of the New York Police Department 's 77 precincts. East Harlem has
6216-512: The beginning of the 20th century; and apartment buildings erected later on. The city district was slightly expanded in 2010 with 74 additional buildings. The Metropolitan Museum Historic District was designated a city district in 1977. It consists of properties on Fifth Avenue between 79th and 86th Streets, outside the Metropolitan Museum of Art , as well as properties on several side streets. The Park Avenue Historic District
6327-589: The block of Lexington Avenue between East 123rd and 124th Streets – as one of "the most dangerous blocks in the city" because police crime statistics for 2015 showed that 19 assaults had taken place there, more than for any other city block. The Post also reported that there were, according to the Harlem Neighborhood Block Association, "22 drug-treatment programs, four homeless-services providers and four transitional-living facilities" in East Harlem. East Harlem has begun to feel
6438-463: The boroughwide average of 632 crimes per 100,000 and the citywide average of 572 crimes per 100,000. In 2019, the highest concentration of felony assaults in the Upper East Side was near the intersection of 93rd Street and First Avenue , where there were 10 felony assaults. The highest concentration of robberies, on the other hand, was near the intersection of 86th Street and Lexington Avenue , where there were 19 robberies. The Upper East Side
6549-424: The boroughwide rate of 49 per 100,000 and the citywide rate of 59 per 100,000. Its incarceration rate is 71 per 100,000 people, the lowest in the city, compared to the boroughwide rate of 407 per 100,000 and the citywide rate of 425 per 100,000. Of the five major violent felonies (murder, rape, felony assault, robbery, and burglary), the 19th Precinct had a rate of 264 crimes per 100,000 residents in 2019, compared to
6660-511: The building of the Lexington Avenue subway in 1919, urbanized the area, precipitating the construction of apartment buildings and brownstones . The extension of cable cars up Lexington Avenue into East Harlem was stymied by the incline created by Duffy's Hill at 103rd Street , one of the steepest grades in Manhattan. East Harlem was first populated by poor German, Irish, Scandinavian, and Eastern European Jewish immigrants, with
6771-431: The city average. In East Harlem, there were 108 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 10.8 teenage births per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide), though the teenage birth rate was based on a small sample size. East Harlem has a low population of residents who are uninsured . In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 3%, slightly less than
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#17327654545776882-607: The citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively. In addition, 23% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%. Eighty-four percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is lower than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 76% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", less than the city's average of 78%. For every supermarket in East Harlem, there are 17 bodegas . Metropolitan Hospital Center and Mount Sinai Hospital are both located in southern East Harlem. North General Hospital , which formerly served
6993-503: The citywide rate of 12%, though this was based on a small sample size. The concentration of fine particulate matter , the deadliest type of air pollutant , in East Harlem is 0.0082 mg/m (8.2 × 10 oz/cu ft), more than the city average. Eighteen percent of East Harlem residents are smokers , which is more than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers. In East Harlem, 28% of residents are obese , 17% are diabetic , and 34% have high blood pressure —compared to
7104-490: The citywide rate of 59 per 100,000. Its incarceration rate is 1,291 per 100,000 people, compared to the boroughwide rate of 407 per 100,000 and the citywide rate of 425 per 100,000. In 2019, the highest concentration of felony assaults in East Harlem was around the intersection of 125th Street and Lexington Avenue , where there were 39 felony assaults. This location is well known as an open-air drug market and hotspot of other crimes. The highest concentration of robberies, on
7215-554: The concentration of Italian Americans in the Lower East Side 's Little Italy with 88 percent; Italian Harlem's total population, however, was three times that of Little Italy. The fabric of the Italian-American community was torn when, after the Second World War, the unhealthy tenements started to be demolished and replaced with better housing, forcing families to relocate. Despite this, Italian Harlem endured as
7326-528: The east, 59th Street to the south, and Central Park and Fifth Avenue to the west. The area incorporates several smaller neighborhoods, including Lenox Hill , Carnegie Hill , and Yorkville . Once known as the Silk Stocking District, it has long been the most affluent neighborhood in New York City. The Upper East Side is part of Manhattan Community District 8 , and its primary ZIP Codes are 10021, 10028, 10065, 10075, and 10128. It
7437-543: The effects of gentrification . In February 2016, an article in The New York Times about "New York's Next Hot Neighborhoods" featured East Harlem as one of four such areas. A real-estate broker described it as "one of the few remaining areas in New York City where you can secure a good deal". The article mentioned new luxury developments, access to transportation, the opening of new retail stores, bars and restaurants, and national-brand stores beginning to appear on
7548-441: The five major violent felonies (murder, rape, felony assault, robbery, and burglary), the 23rd Precinct had a rate of 819 crimes per 100,000 residents in 2019, compared to the boroughwide average of 632 crimes per 100,000 and the citywide average of 572 crimes per 100,000. As of 2018 , Community District 11 has a non-fatal assault hospitalization rate of 130 per 100,000 people, compared to the boroughwide rate of 49 per 100,000 and
7659-586: The five major violent felonies (murder, rape, felony assault, robbery, and burglary), the 25th Precinct had a rate of 1,340 crimes per 100,000 residents in 2019, compared to the boroughwide average of 632 crimes per 100,000 and the citywide average of 572 crimes per 100,000. The 23rd Precinct also has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 69.7% between 1990 and 2021. The precinct reported 8 murders, 16 rapes, 189 robberies, 366 felony assaults, 109 burglaries, 383 grand larcenies, and 60 grand larcenies auto in 2021. Of
7770-574: The ground floor are retained, landlords do not want to have the trouble involved in residential tenants. In some cases, landlords are waiting for a revived economy, warehousing the apartments so that they can rent them later at a higher rent. In 2007, a survey of Manhattan's buildings found that 1,723 were significantly vacant, three-quarters of them north of 96th Street . A 1998 survey found that one-quarter of low-rise residential buildings on avenues or major cross streets in East Harlem had sealed-up residential floors, despite having commercial businesses on
7881-468: The ground floor, as if watching calmly for life and fashion to flow northward to her solitary door... She was sure that presently the quarries, the wooden greenhouses in ragged gardens, the rocks from which goats surveyed the scene, would vanish before the advance of residences as stately as her own. Before the Park Avenue Tunnel was covered (finished in 1910), fashionable New Yorkers shunned
7992-584: The ground floor. There are 24 New York City Housing Authority developments located in East Harlem. As of 2013, 93.6% of all housing units were renter-occupied, and over 25% of the population resided in public housing units managed by the NYCHA. Other subsidized housing includes: The neighborhood is home to one of the few major television studios north of midtown, Metropolis at 106th Street and Park Avenue , where shows such as BET 's 106 & Park and Chappelle's Show have been produced. PRdream.com,
8103-450: The highest concentration of shelters and facilities in Manhattan, with eight homeless shelters, 36 drug and alcohol treatment facilities and 37 mental health treatment facilities. It also has the highest jobless rate in the entire city, as well as the city's second highest cumulative AIDS rate. The asthma rate is also five times higher than national levels. The neighborhood also suffers from a high poverty rate. Union Settlement Association
8214-442: The increases of the other racial groups were evenly split across the three areas. The entirety of Manhattan Community District 8 , which comprises the Upper East Side and Roosevelt Island, had 225,914 inhabitants as of NYC Health 's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 85.9 years. This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most inhabitants are adults:
8325-470: The largest Hispanic communities in New York City, mostly Puerto Ricans , as well as Dominicans , Cubans , and Mexicans. The community is notable for its contributions to Latin freestyle and salsa music . East Harlem also includes the remnants of a once predominant Italian community , or Italian Harlem . The Chinese population has increased dramatically in East Harlem since 2000. East Harlem has historically suffered from many social issues, such as
8436-417: The latter running only from East 79th Street to East 90th Street . The major east-west streets are 59th Street, 72nd Street , 79th Street, 86th Street , and 96th Street. Some real-estate agents use the term "Upper East Side", instead of " East Harlem ", to describe areas that are slightly north of 96th Street and near Fifth Avenue, in order to avoid associating these areas with the negative connotations of
8547-519: The latter, a neighborhood which is generally perceived as less prestigious. The Upper East Side Historic District was designated as a city district in 1981 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. The city district runs from 59th to 78th Streets along Fifth Avenue, and up to Third Avenue at some points. It is composed of residential structures built after the American Civil War ; mansions and townhouses built at
8658-453: The mid-1930s. The neighborhood was represented, in the 1940s, by Italian-American civil rights lawyer, activist, and socialist Vito Marcantonio . The Italian neighborhood approached its peak in the 1930s, with over 110,000 Italian-Americans living in its crowded, run-down apartment buildings. The 1930 census showed that 81 percent of the population of Italian Harlem consisted of first- or second-generation Italian Americans, somewhat less than
8769-463: The mile-markers, Five-Mile House at 72nd Street and Six-Mile House at 97th, a New Yorker recalled in 1893. The fashionable future of the narrow strip between Central Park and the railroad cut was established at the outset by the nature of its entrance, in the southwest corner, north of the Vanderbilt family 's favored stretch of Fifth Avenue from 50th to 59th Streets. A row of handsome townhouses
8880-425: The nation for political contributions are in Manhattan. The top ZIP Code, 10021, is on the Upper East Side and generated the most money for the 2004 presidential campaigns of both George W. Bush and John Kerry . The area is host to some of the most famous museums in the world. The string of museums along Fifth Avenue fronting Central Park has been dubbed " Museum Mile ", running between 82nd and 105th Streets. It
8991-594: The neighborhood contains the greatest concentration of individual wealth in Manhattan. As of 2011, the median household income for the Upper East Side was $ 131,492. The Upper East Side maintains the highest pricing per square foot in the United States. A 2002 report cited the average cost per square meter as $ 8,856; however, that price has noticed a substantial jump, increasing to almost as much as $ 11,200 per square meter as of 2006. There are some buildings which cost about $ 125 per square foot (~$ 1345/ m ). The only public housing projects for those of low to moderate incomes on
9102-434: The neighborhood, at 86th Street, which became the heart of German Yorkville . The area was defined by the attractions of the bluff overlooking the East River , which ran without interruption from James William Beekman 's "Mount Pleasant", north of the marshy squalor of Turtle Bay , to Gracie Mansion , north of which the land sloped steeply to the wetlands that separated this area from the suburban village of Harlem . Among
9213-696: The neighborhood. Advocates have been calling for Chinese language services to be available in the community centers to accommodate the growing number of Chinese residents in the area. In 2000, the Chinese population in the northern portion was less than one percent, but by 2010, it has gone up to three percent. In the southern part, it rose from 4.6% to 8.4%. Social problems, including concentrated poverty, homelessness, overcrowding, substandard housing, language barriers, food insecurity, teen pregnancy, obesity, crime, drug addiction, dropping out of school, and low rates of advanced educational attainment, have long plagued
9324-598: The northern boundary, which traditionally was 96th Street, has on Park Avenue edged into what was traditionally Spanish Harlem . The northern section neighborhood was once seen as a less fashionable end of the East Side, but is now prized for its aesthetic sensibility, museums, schools, restaurants and neighborhood feel. Besides, Andrew Carnegie, Marjorie Merriweather Post , Margaret Rockefeller Strong and John Hay Whitney all made their homes north of 90th Street. The Carnegie Hill Historic District , designated as such by
9435-537: The other hand, was around the intersection of 116th Street and Third Avenue , where there were 21 robberies. The Willis Avenue Bridge which connects East Harlem to the Mott Haven section of the Bronx has long been a hotspot for robbery. East Harlem is served by four New York City Fire Department (FDNY) fire stations: As of 2018 , preterm births and births to teenage mothers in East Harlem are higher than
9546-415: The outskirts of the neighborhood. Primarily, though, it was the cost of housing in comparison to the rest of Manhattan, which the article noted as the major factor. Beginning in 2016, the New York City government was seeking to rezone East Harlem "to facilitate new residential, commercial, community facility, and manufacturing development". The residents of the neighborhood generated a suggested zoning plan,
9657-407: The percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 41% in Community District 8, compared to the boroughwide and citywide rates of 45% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018 , Community District 8 is not considered to be gentrifying : according to the Community Health Profile, the district was not low-income in 1990. As of the 2000 census, twenty-one percent of
9768-555: The population of East Harlem North was 58,019, an increase of 871 (1.5%) from the 57,148 counted in 2000. Covering an area of 573.94 acres (232.27 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 101.1/acre (64,700/sq mi; 25,000/km ). The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 6.8% (3,936) White , 35.5% (20,625) African American , 0.2% (128) Native American , 3.0% (1,766) Asian , 0.0% (9) Pacific Islander , 0.3% (185) from other races , and 1.3% (769) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 52.7% (30,601) of
9879-541: The population was foreign born; of this, 45.6% came from Europe, 29.5% from Asia, 16.2% from Latin America and 8.7% from other areas. The female-male ratio was very high with 125 females for 100 males. The Upper East Side contains a large and affluent Jewish population estimated at 56,000. Traditionally, the Upper East Side has been dominated by wealthy White Anglo-Saxon Protestant families. Given its very high population density and per capita income ($ 85,081 in 2000),
9990-598: The population. Based on data from the 2010 Census, the population of East Harlem South was 57,902, an increase of 1,003 (1.8%) from the 56,899 counted in 2000. Covering an area of 389.41 acres (157.59 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 148.7/acre (95,200/sq mi; 36,700/km ). The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 17.4% (10,072) White, 24.6% (14,227) African American, 0.2% (96) Native American, 8.3% (4,802) Asian, 0.1% (55) Pacific Islander, 0.4% (218) from other races, and 1.6% (933) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 47.5% (27,499) of
10101-478: The population. The most significant changes in the racial composition of East Harlem between 2000 and 2010 were the Asian population's increase by 109% (3,427), the White population's increase by 68% (5,689), and the Black population's decrease by 12% (4,625). Although more of the influx of Asian and White residents was in East Harlem South, the greatest percentage growth was in East Harlem North, while
10212-621: The province of Salerno , and settled in the vicinity of 115th Street. There were many crime syndicates in Italian Harlem, from the early Black Hand to the bigger and more organized Italian gangs that formed the Italian-American Mafia . It was the founding location of the Genovese crime family , one of the Five Families that dominated organized crime in New York City. This includes the current 116th Street Crew of
10323-404: The rest of the neighborhood Republicans make up between 20 and 40% of registered voters. Nonetheless, it is still heavily Democratic; in the 2020 presidential election , every single precinct voted for Joe Biden and all but one gave him over 70% of the vote. The Upper East Side is notable as a significant location of political fundraising in the United States. Four of the top five ZIP Codes in
10434-467: The series of villas a Schermerhorn country house overlooked the river at the foot of present-day 73rd Street and another, Peter Schermerhorn's at 66th Street , and the Riker homestead was similarly sited at the foot of 75th Street. By the mid-19th century the farmland had largely been subdivided, with the exception of the 150 acres (61 ha) of Jones's Wood , stretching from 66th to 76th Streets and from
10545-706: The side streets, condos , co-ops and a handful of mansions, of which some are now used by the Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum , The Jewish Museum , the National Academy of Design , the Dalton School and other organizations. From the 1950s to 1971, the National Audubon Society was housed in the Willard Straight House, a red brick Colonial Revival townhouse at 1130 Fifth Avenue. When it moved to NoHo ,
10656-557: The sites of fishing camps used by the Lenape , whose controlled burns once a generation or so kept the dense canopy of oak–hickory forest open at ground level. In the 19th century the farmland and market garden district of what was to be the Upper East Side was still traversed by the Boston Post Road and, from 1837, the New York and Harlem Railroad , which brought straggling commercial development around its one station in
10767-428: The smoky railroad trench up Fourth Avenue (now Park Avenue), to build stylish mansions and townhouses on the large lots along Fifth Avenue , facing Central Park, and on the adjacent side streets. The latest arrivals were the rich Pittsburghers Andrew Carnegie and Henry Clay Frick . The classic phase of Gilded Age Fifth Avenue as a stretch of private mansions was not long-lasting: the first apartment house to replace
10878-517: The spaces still between them occupied by "gasworks, stockyards and tar and garbage dumps". In 1895, the Union Settlement Association , one of the oldest settlement houses in New York City, began providing services in the area, offering the immigrant and low-income residents a range of community-based programs, including boys and girls clubs, a sewing school and adult education classes. Southern Italians and Sicilians , with
10989-529: The surrounding area. According to the 2000 Census , there were only 1,130 Italian-Americans still living in this area. However, vestiges of the old Italian neighborhood remain. The annual Feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmel and the "Dancing of the Giglio", the first Italian feast in New York City, is still celebrated there every year on the second weekend of August by the Giglio Society of East Harlem and
11100-424: The town houses on East End Avenue between 86th and 87th Streets, built by John C. Henderson in 1981. The Treadwell Farm Historic District, designated in 1967, includes low-rise apartments on East 61st and 62nd Streets between Second and Third Avenues, on the former farm of Adam Treadwell. Before the arrival of Europeans, the mouths of streams that eroded gullies in the East River bluffs are conjectured to have been
11211-515: Was $ 36,770. In 2018, an estimated 23% of Community District 11 residents lived in poverty , compared to 14% in all of Manhattan and 20% in all of New York City. One in nine residents (11%) were unemployed, compared to 7% in Manhattan and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 48% in Community District 11, compared to the boroughwide and citywide rates of 45% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018 , Community District 11
11322-526: Was 219,920, an increase of 2,857 (1.3%) from the 217,063 counted in 2000 . Covering an area of 1,291.51 acres (522.66 ha), the neighborhoods had a population density of 170.3 inhabitants per acre (109,000/sq mi; 42,100/km ). The racial makeup of the neighborhoods was 79% (173,711) White , 3.2% (7,098) African American , 0.1% (126) Native American , 8.6% (18,847) Asian , 0% (98) Pacific Islander , 0.3% (609) from other races , and 1.8% (3,868) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race
11433-487: Was 7.1% (15,563) of the population. While the White population is a dominating majority in all three census tabulation areas, it is more so in Upper East Side-Carnegie Hill compared to Yorkville and Lenox Hill-Roosevelt Island, being close to 90% of the population. The racial composition of the Upper East Side changed moderately from 2000 to 2010. The most significant changes were the increase in
11544-422: Was built on speculation by Mary Mason Jones, who owned the entire block bounded by 57th and 58th Streets and Fifth and Madison. In 1870 she occupied the prominent corner house at 57th and Fifth, though not in the isolation described by her niece, Edith Wharton , whose picture has been uncritically accepted as history, as Christopher Gray has pointed out: It was her habit to sit in a window of her sitting room on
11655-581: Was crafted in Morningside Heights at the Cathedral Stoneworks. Frank Lloyd Wright's originally maligned and now celebrated Guggenheim Museum opened on Fifth Avenue in 1959. The New York Road Runners occupies a townhouse around the corner at 9 East 89th Street, a block informally known as Fred Lebow Place. Similar to the official lines of the historic district, the borders of the neighborhood form an irregular rectangle and
11766-505: Was designated a city district in 2014. It encompasses 64 properties on Park Avenue between 79th and 91st Streets. The Carnegie Hill Historic District was designated a city district in 1974 and expanded in 1993. It covers 400 buildings, primarily along Fifth Avenue from 86th to 98th Street, as well as on side streets extending east to Madison, Park, and Lexington Avenues. There are also two smaller city historic districts. The Henderson Place Historic District, designated in 1969, comprises
11877-571: Was intended to straddle what had now become the Harlem Railroad right-of-way between 66th and 69th Streets; it never materialized, though during the Panic of 1857 its unleveled ground was the scene of an open-air mass meeting called in July to agitate for the secession of the city and its neighboring counties from New York State, and the city divided its acreage into house lots and sold them. From
11988-427: Was more racially diverse with 20,000 to 29,999 Hispanic residents, 10,000 to 19,999 Black residents, 10,000 to 19,999 white residents, and 5,000 to 9,999 Asian residents. Community District 11 is a mostly low to middle income area. It is made up of first and second generation Puerto Ricans , Dominican Americans , Cuban Americans , African-Americans , Italian-Americans , Asian-Americans , Caribbean Americans and
12099-616: Was once named "Millionaire's Row". The following are among the cultural institutions on the Upper East Side: Many diplomatic missions are located in former mansions on the Upper East Side: Other missions to the United Nations in the Upper East Side include: There are several historic districts in the Upper East Side, the districts are: The Upper East Side is patrolled by the 19th Precinct of
12210-547: Was one of the hardest hit areas in the 1960s and 1970s as New York City struggled with deficits, race riots , urban flight , gang warfare, drug abuse, crime and poverty. Tenements were crowded, poorly maintained, and frequent targets for arson. In 1969 and 1970, a regional chapter of the Young Lords which were reorganized from a neighborhood street gang in Chicago by Jose (Cha-Cha) Jimenez , ran several programs including
12321-518: Was renamed after Franklin Delano Roosevelt, into the full limited-access parkway that is in use today. Demolishing the elevated railways on Third and Second Avenues opened these tenement -lined streets to the construction of high-rise apartment blocks starting in the 1950s. Among these were Manhattan House at 200 East 66th Street, one of the first apartment buildings in New York City to use white glazed brick on its facade, as well as
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