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22-571: Castel Bolognese ( Romagnol : Castël Bulgnés ) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ravenna in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna , located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southeast of Bologna and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of Ravenna . As of 2006, it has a population of about 9,000 inhabitants. Castel Bolognese borders the following municipalities: Faenza , Imola , Riolo Terme , Solarolo . The railway station

44-537: A Western Romance language related to French , Romansh and Italian . However, the use of Forlivese is mostly limited to familiar terms and sentences, and is rare amongst Forlì inhabitants. Some pieces of literature and a recent translation of the Gospels are available. In his De vulgari eloquentia , Dante Alighieri also speaks of the Romagna dialect and cites the city of Forlì as meditullium , that is, as

66-541: Is a town and county in the province of Ferrara , Emilia-Romagna . It is located about 30 kilometres (19 miles) southeast of Ferrara , and midway between Ferrara and Ravenna . Argenta is situated in a flat agricultural region near the Valli di Comacchio lagoon wetlands. Much of the latter is today a wildlife sanctuary and Argenta is home to the Marsh Museum which offers many facilities for ornithology. The town

88-795: Is called Castel Bolognese–Riolo Terme. It is on the railway line connecting Bologna to Ancona. Castel Bolognese can be reached through the A14 motorway which is the Italian part of the E45 European Route , by taking the exit Imola (coming from the North) or Faenza (coming from the South). Romagnol language Romagnol belongs to the Gallo-Italic family alongside Piedmontese , Ligurian and Lombard , forming with Emilian and as one of

110-905: Is not stressed are reduced in Romagnol to being only monosyllabic . An atonic syllable is dropped. These three tables list the vowel inventory of the "classical" version of the northern macro-dialect of Romagnol. The following table lists the vowels above alongside their relative orthography: orthography pronunciation around Lugo (RA) The letter z is always pronounced as either [ θ ] or [ ð ] and not [ t͡s ] or [ d͡z ] as in Standard Italian. [ ŋ ] occurs only before velar stops. Romagnol, in addition to its larger inventory of vowels, also has more consonants compared to Standard Italian. Additionally, consonants have these differences from Standard Italian: Argenta, Emilia%E2%80%93Romagna Argenta ( Argentano : Arzènta )

132-401: Is often generically called a " dialect ". This is often incorrectly understood as to mean a dialect of Italian , which actually is not the case. Forlivese and Italian are different languages and are not mutually intelligible. Forlivese is a central Romagna variety and is intelligible to speakers of other neighbouring Romagna varieties. Like all other dialects of Romagna , Forlivese is

154-604: Is spoken to the east of this river and to the south of the Reno river . In the rest of Emilia-Romagna Region , Emilian is spoken in all the rest of the region moving from the Sillaro river to the west, up to Piacenza , and to the north of the Reno, up to the Po . The Reno river is the border between Romagnol and the dialect of Ferrara. Romagnol is spoken also in some villages northwards of

176-555: Is spoken, but its status as sub-variant of Romagnol or as separate language is disputed. Romagnol's first acknowledgement outside regional literature was in Dante Alighieri's treatise De vulgari eloquentia , wherein Dante compares "the language of Romagna" to his native Tuscan dialect . Eventually, in 1629, the author Adriano Banchieri wrote the treatise Discorso della lingua Bolognese , which countered Dante's claim that

198-434: Is written in a mixture of Italian and Romagnol . The first Romagnol poem dates back to the end of the 16th century: E Pvlon matt. Cantlena aroica (Mad Nap), a mock-heroic poem based on Orlando Furioso and written by an anonymous author from San Vittore di Cesena  [ it ] . The original poem comprised twelve cantos, of which only the first four survived (1848 lines). The first Romagnol poet to win fame

220-584: The Santerno river are considered by speakers of Sammarinese as being less, but still, intelligible, while past the Sillaro such intelligibility is lost. Forlivese is the central variety of Romagnol spoken in the city of Forlì and in its province. In Italian-speaking contexts, Forlivese (like most of the other non-Italian language varieties spoken within the borders of the Italian Republic)

242-494: The Reno river, such as Argenta and Filo, where people of Romagnol origin live alongside people of Ferrarese origin. Ferrara goes into Emilian language territory. Outside Emilia-Romagna, Romagnol is spoken in the Republic of San Marino ("Sammarinese"), and in two municipalities located in the province of Florence , Marradi and Palazzuolo sul Senio . In the province of Pesaro and Urbino of Marche region, Gallo-Picene

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264-553: The Tuscan dialect was better, arguing his belief that Bolognese (an Emilian dialect influenced by Romagnol that saw wide use in writing) was superior in "naturalness, softness, musicality, and usefulness." Romagnol received more recognition after Romagna gained independence from the Papal States . The first appearance of a distinct Romagnol literary work is "Sonetto romagnolo" by Bernardino Catti , from Ravenna , printed 1502. It

286-704: The area was part of the German Gothic Line . In April 1945, in the Allied advance of Operation Roast , it was the location of the Battle of the Argenta Gap . As of December 31, 2023, the foreign population is 2,609, or 12.36% of the population. Argenta is twinned with: Argenta is located on the SS16 Adriatica state highway, which connects it to Ferrara and Ravenna. It has a rail-station on

308-447: The best known Romagnol authors are: Romagnol lacks a standardized orthography, leading to a huge varieties among authors. The orthography adopted here is from Vitali, D. (2008). "L'ortografia Romagnola" Unlike Standard Italian, not all nouns end in a theme vowel. Masculine nouns lack theme vowels, and feminine nouns typically (but not always) terminate in a . Masculine nouns and adjectives undergo lexically-specified umlaut to form

330-543: The central place of Romagna, where the Romagna dialect evidently finds its most characteristic and peculiar form. Therefore the Forlì dialect is not a "variant" of the Romagna dialect, but its own and main version. In the West, The Sillaro river marks the cultural and linguistic border between Emilian language speakers and Romagnol speakers; it runs 25 km east from Bologna to the west of Castel San Pietro Terme . Romagnol

352-474: The first, -êr ; the second, -ér ; the third, -ar ; and the fourth, -ìr . Marked differences in Romagnol from Standard Italian are that personal pronouns are required, and some verbs in Romagnol use a reflexive construction even if the speaker is not the second argument of the verb although Italian uses an intransitive construction . Impersonal verbs , which lack a canonical subject, in Romagnol use "avèr" but in Standard Italian use "essere." Even though

374-472: The hills. It has an inventory of up to 20 vowels that contrast in the stressed position, compared to seven in Italian. They are marked in the orthography by using diacritics on a , e , i , o and u . The absence of an official institution regulating its orthography often leads to ambiguities in the transcription of vowel sounds. Some words that in Latin are trisyllabic or tetrasyllabic in which u

396-540: The plural, and feminine nouns and adjectives form the plural by a becoming i or being deleted after a consonant cluster or a double consonant. Both languages derive their lexicon from Vulgar Latin , but some words differ in gender. Italian and Romagnol share many of the same features when it comes to verbs. Both languages use subject–verb–object in simple sentences for their word order . Verbs are conjugated according to tense, mood, and person . Romagnol also has four conjugations, compared to Standard Italian's three:

418-523: The subject is null, an expletive pronoun is inserted in the specifier position, much like "it" in English. Also, whereas Standard Italian and other northern dialects omit the definite article before "singular names and names of relatives", Romagnol keeps it. Romagnol has lexical and syntactic uniformity throughout its area. However, its pronunciation changes as one goes from the Po Valley to

440-480: The two branches of the Emilian-Romagnol linguistic continuum. Further groupings of variants of Romagnol have not been set yet and both speakers and authors tend to refer to their own town or the nearest major province cities. The variants of Romagnol form a dialect continuum with their neighbouring varieties, while the more distant dialects might be less mutually intelligible. Variants spoken north of

462-573: Was founded by the Romans . In 1295 it was the seat of a convention of the main Ghibelline leaders of Romagna to decide the course of the war against the Papal forces . In 1923 a Fascist squad murdered a Catholic priest, don Giovanni Minzoni , an anti-fascist and the voice of the poor farmers in Romagna, as well as a friend of several socialist politicians like Natale Galba . During World War II

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484-469: Was the cleric Pietro Santoni, ( Fusignano , 1736–1823). He was the teacher of Vincenzo Monti , one of the most famous Italian poets of his time. In 1840, the first Romagnol-Italian Dictionary was published by Antonio Morri  [ it ] ; it was printed in Faenza . The 20th century saw a flourishing of Romagnol literature. Theatrical plays, poems and books of a high quality were produced. Some of

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