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87-647: Gleyre was born in Chevilly , near Lausanne. His parents died when he was eight or nine years old, and he was brought up by an uncle in Lyon , France, who sent him to the city's industrial school. He began his formal artistic education in Lyon under Bonnefond , before moving to Paris, where he enrolled at the École des Beaux-Arts under Hersent . He also attended the Académie Suisse and studied watercolour technique in

174-525: A population growth rate of 3.5%. The age distribution, as of 2009 , in Chevilly is; 44 children or 18.2% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 23 teenagers or 9.5% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 29 people or 12.0% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 36 people or 14.9% are between 30 and 39, 43 people or 17.8% are between 40 and 49, and 30 people or 12.4% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution

261-465: A strategic railway line from Berlin to Metz in order to integrate the new Imperial Territory militarily and strategically. The "cannon railway" was completed in the 1870s. The railways of the private French Eastern Railway Company ( Compagnie des Chemins de Fer de l'Est ) – a total of 740 km of lines – were bought by the French state and then sold to Germany for 260 million gold marks. The purchase price

348-642: A French-language motion in the Reichstag requesting that a plebiscite be held on the Imperial Territory's state affiliation: "May it please the Reichstag to decide that the population of Alsace–Lorraine, which has been incorporated into the German Empire by the Treaty of Frankfurt without having been consulted, be called upon to express its opinion on this annexation." The motion was rejected by

435-643: A budget. From 1879 it was allowed to initiate legislation, although the Bundesrat in Berlin had to approve the laws before they were formally enacted by the emperor. Also in 1879, the office of imperial governor in Alsace–Lorraine ( Reichsstatthalter ) was introduced. He represented the Imperial Territory on behalf of the emperor. The state secretary of the Imperial Office for Alsace–Lorraine headed

522-452: A careless hand, and gazing sadly at a bright company of maidens whose song slowly fades from his ear as their boat is borne slowly from his sight. In spite of the success of these first ventures, Gleyre retired from public competition, and spent the rest of his life in quiet devotion to his artistic ideals, neither seeking the easy applause of the crowd, nor turning his art into a means of aggrandizement and wealth. After 1845, when he exhibited

609-505: A child or children. There was 1 household that was made up of unrelated people and 3 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing. In 2000 there were 30 single family homes (or 50.8% of the total) out of a total of 59 inhabited buildings. There were 15 multi-family buildings (25.4%), along with 11 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (18.6%) and 3 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (5.1%). Of

696-512: A climax when, on 3 August 1873, a pastoral letter from the Bishop of Nancy-Toul calling for prayers for the reunification of Alsace–Lorraine with France was read in the Alsace–Lorraine districts of Château-Salins and Saarburg, which still belonged to his diocese. The German authorities reacted with police measures, arrests and disciplinary proceedings as well as a ban on the Catholic press. After

783-410: A defensible border with their long-standing enemy. Any additional hostility earned from territorial concessions was downplayed as marginal and insignificant in the scheme. The annexed area consisted of the northern part of Lorraine and Alsace . This area corresponded to the present French départements of Bas-Rhin (in its entirety), Haut-Rhin (except the area of Belfort and Montbéliard), and

870-508: A land area of 14,496 km (5,597 sq mi). Its capital was Straßburg . It was divided into three districts ( Bezirke in German): The largest urban areas in Alsace–Lorraine at the 1910 census were: The modern history of Alsace–Lorraine was primarily influenced by the rivalry between French and German nationalism . France long sought to attain and then preserve what it considered to be its "natural boundaries" , which

957-655: A large majority in the Reichstag. The population was also not asked for its opinion on state affiliation in 1918 when it returned to France. The Protesters rejected both cooperation with the German authorities and constructive political work in the Reichstag. They did not attend its sessions after their election (some Lorraine deputies were not able to do so because of their lack of command of German). There were also people in political life who, for various motives, pleaded for an "attitude of reason". The so-called Autonomists were more or less either pro-German or pro-French and strove for

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1044-642: A local autonomy of the Imperial Territory that was as far-reaching as possible. The Protestant minority population voted predominantly for the Autonomists from the 1877 Reichstag election onwards. Over time, however, the population of Alsace–Lorraine turned more and more to the German parties, such as Catholics to the Centre Party , the Protestant bourgeoisie to the Liberals and Conservatives, and

1131-428: A majority. The introduction of an upper house in parliament was criticized across party lines in Alsace–Lorraine. While upper houses had historical reasons in the other parts of Germany, there was no noble class in Alsace–Lorraine to be integrated in an upper house. It was thus a purely honorary body. The emperor's right to appoint members was particularly criticised. The upper house was composed of representatives of

1218-611: A punitive measure. The transfer was controversial even among the Germans: The German chancellor , Otto von Bismarck , was initially opposed to it, as he thought (correctly) that it would engender permanent French hostility toward Germany. Some German industrialists did not want the competition from Alsatian industries, such as the cloth makers who would be exposed to competition from the sizeable industry in Mulhouse. Karl Marx also warned his fellow Germans: Bismarck and

1305-536: A reaction against the French occupation of large areas of Germany under Napoleon , sought to unify all the German-speaking populations of the former Holy Roman Empire into a single nation-state . As various German dialects were spoken by most of the population of Alsace and Moselle (northern Lorraine), these regions were viewed by German nationalists to be rightfully part of a hoped-for united Germany in

1392-467: A small northeast section of the Vosges département , all of which made up Alsace , and most of the départements of Moselle (four-fifths of Moselle) and the northeast of Meurthe (one-third of Meurthe), which were the eastern part of Lorraine . The remaining two-thirds of the département of Meurthe and the westernmost one-fifth of Moselle , which had escaped German annexation, were joined to form

1479-412: A term of three years by majority vote in the 60 electoral districts. It was called the "People's Parliament" ( Volksparlament ) in distinction to the upper house, which consisted of notables. The minimum age for eligibility was 25. Male citizens aged 25 and over had the right to vote. For the late nineteenth century, the constitution was both conservative in defining the first chamber and progressive in

1566-498: A time, under Louis Philippe , his studio had been the rendezvous of a sort of liberal club. To the last—amid all the disasters that befell his country—he was hopeful of the future, "la raison finira bien par avoir raison". It was while on a visit to the Retrospective Exhibition, opened on behalf of the exiles from Alsace and Lorraine , that he died suddenly on 5 May 1874. He had never married. He left unfinished

1653-414: A total of 82 apartments (90.1% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 2 apartments (2.2%) were seasonally occupied and 7 apartments (7.7%) were empty. As of 2009 , the construction rate of new housing units was 12.4 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010 , was 3.92%. The historical population is given in the following chart: In the 2007 federal election

1740-424: A westward shift in the French border was necessary for strategic military and ethnographic reasons. From a linguistic perspective, the transfer involved people who for the most part spoke Alemannic German dialects. At the time, ethnic identity was often based primarily on language, unlike today's more multifaceted approach focusing on self-identification. From a military perspective, by early 1870s standards, shifting

1827-458: Is 16 people or 6.6% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 10 people or 4.1% are between 70 and 79, there are 9 people or 3.7% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 2 people or 0.8% who are 90 and older. As of 2000 , there were 85 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 106 married individuals, 13 widows or widowers and 7 individuals who are divorced. As of 2000 , there were 83 private households in

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1914-697: Is regarded as the Pyrenees to the southwest, the Alps to the southeast, and the Rhine to the northeast. These strategic claims led to annexing territories west of the Rhine in the Holy Roman Empire . What is now known as Alsace was progressively conquered by France under Louis XIII and Louis XIV in the 17th century, while Lorraine was incorporated from the 16th century under Henry II to

2001-408: Is used for agricultural purposes, while 0.66 km (0.25 sq mi) or 17.1% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.21 km (0.081 sq mi) or 5.4% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.01 km (2.5 acres) or 0.3% is either rivers or lakes. Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 2.3% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.6%. Out of the forested land, all of

2088-496: The Earthly Paradise , a picture, which Taine described as "a dream of innocence, of happiness and of beauty— Adam and Eve standing in the sublime and joyous landscape of a paradise enclosed in mountains", a worthy counterpart to Evening . His other works include Deluge , which represents two angels speeding above the desolate earth from which the destroying waters have just begun to retire, leaving visible behind them

2175-824: The Moselle department of Lorraine . The Alsatian part lay in the Rhine Valley on the west bank of the Rhine River , east of the Vosges Mountains ; the section initially in Lorraine was in the upper Moselle valley to the north of the Vosges. The territory encompassed almost all of Alsace (93%) and over a quarter of Lorraine (26%), while the rest of these regions remained parts of France. For historical reasons, specific legal dispositions are still applied in

2262-640: The Revue des deux mondes for April 1852. In Clement's catalogue of his works there are 683 entries, including sketches and studies. Chevilly, Switzerland Chevilly ( French pronunciation: [ʃəviji] ) is a municipality in the district of Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland . Chevilly is first mentioned in 1540 as Chivillier . Chevilly has an area, as of 2009 , of 3.87 square kilometers (1.49 sq mi). Of this area, 2.9 km (1.1 sq mi) or 74.9%

2349-677: The Separation of the Apostles , he contributed nothing to the Salon except the La Dance des bacchantes in 1849. Yet he worked steadily and was productive. He had an "infinite capacity of taking pains", and when asked by what method he attained to such marvelous perfection of workmanship, he would reply, "En y pensant toujours". Many years often intervened between the first conception of a piece and its embodiment, and years not infrequently between

2436-487: The Swiss Reformed Church . Of the rest of the population, there were 3 individuals (or about 1.42% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There was 1 person who was Buddhist . 51 (or about 24.17% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist , and 10 individuals (or about 4.74% of the population) did not answer the question. In Chevilly about 77 or (36.5%) of

2523-603: The University of Strassburg was re-founded and in 1877 given the name "Emperor Wilhelm University" (after Emperor Wilhelm I ). Through generous expansion measures, it developed into one of the largest universities in the Empire. Professional training in Alsace developed as a result of stimuli from Germany. The German administration promoted the education of young Alsatian artists at German universities and academies, giving rise to

2610-490: The Venoge and Veyron rivers. It consists of the haufendorf village (an irregular, unplanned and quite closely packed village, built around a central square) of Chevilly. The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Per fess, 1. Argent, seme of billets Sable, semi-lion Sable langued Gules; 2. Or, two Rifles saltirewise Sable, lined Argent. Chevilly has a population (as of December 2020 ) of 317. As of 2008 , 8.8% of

2697-638: The XXI Army Corps . The recruiting districts of the corps were outside Alsace–Lorraine, as was the case with the Upper and Lower Alsatian and Lorraine regiments that were established later within the corps as part of army enlargements. The corps were not always stationed in the Imperial Territory. Alsatians and Lorrainers who were called up for military service were distributed among all Prussian Army units, as were active and passive social democrats , who were also considered to be politically unreliable. It

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2784-456: The secondary sector and there were 2 businesses in this sector. 2 people were employed in the tertiary sector , with 2 businesses in this sector. There were 109 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 46.8% of the workforce. In 2008 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 14. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 10, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in

2871-587: The 18th century under Louis XV (in the case of the Three Bishoprics , as early as 1552). These border changes at the time meant more or less that one ruler (the local princes and city governments, with some remaining power of the Holy Roman Emperor ) was exchanged for another (the King of France). German nationalism, on the other hand, which in its 19th century form originated as

2958-546: The Alsatian population in a speech to soldiers and called for rebellious Alsatians to be stabbed. In what came to be known as the Zabern Affair , the military reacted to the protests with arbitrary acts that were not covered by law. The assaults led to a Reichstag debate on the militaristic structures of German society and strained the relations between Alsace–Lorraine and the rest of Germany. Planning began in 1871 for

3045-591: The Catholics frequently identified with the French Catholic state and feared disadvantage in Prussian hands, the local Protestants were in favour of becoming part of Germany. The Evangelical Lutheran Church professed allegiance to Germany, hoping to reduce French-influenced Catholic "paternalism". The rural population in particular supported their efforts, while quite a few critics of unification spoke out in

3132-463: The Cercle de Saint-Léonard, an artists' association that sought to combine German and Alsatian art. Although the proportion of native speakers of German dialects in the new Imperial Territory was around 90%, Catholics in Alsace–Lorraine tended initially to be sceptical about the ethnographic unification with Germany, which had come about under the leadership of predominately Protestant Prussia . While

3219-477: The Empire (Social Democrats, Centre, National Liberals , Left Liberals and Conservatives) found more and more supporters. In the countryside and the predominantly French-speaking electoral districts of Lorraine, the Autonomists remained strong, while in the cities, especially Strassburg, they increasingly played only a subordinate role, with the Social Democrats dominating. The election results, showing

3306-596: The Franco-Prussian War, the French had maintained a long-standing desire to establish their entire eastern frontier on the Rhine. Thus, most 19th-century Germans viewed them as aggressive and acquisitive people. In the years before 1870, the Germans feared the French more than the French feared the Germans. Many Germans at the time thought that the unification of Germany as the new Empire would in itself be enough to earn permanent French enmity and thus desired

3393-467: The German Empire in the Treaty of Frankfurt . French resentment about the loss of the territory was one of the contributing factors to World War I . Alsace–Lorraine was formally ceded back to France in 1920 as part of the Treaty of Versailles following Germany's defeat in the war, but already annexed in practice at the war's end in 1918. Geographically, Alsace–Lorraine encompassed most of Alsace and

3480-473: The German annexation. In the decades after 1871, the fortress of Metz was expanded under German rule to become the largest fortification in the world, with a ring of outworks, some of which were located far in advance of the fortifications themselves. Metz became a majority German-speaking city due to the influx of military personnel and other immigrants from the rest of Germany. When the German Army

3567-472: The Impressionists: Monet , Renoir , Sisley , and Bazille . He did not charge his students a fee, although he expected them to contribute towards the rent and the payment of models. They were also given a say in the running of the school. Though he lived in almost complete retirement from public life, he took a keen interest in politics, and was a voracious reader of political journals. For

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3654-630: The Separation of the Churches and the State ) also led to alienation from France in Catholic circles. Germany had granted the region significantly more freedom, and the region's economic situation had developed positively. Especially the younger inhabitants who no longer had any contact with France saw themselves as Germans as a matter of course. In French foreign policy, the demand for the return of Alsace and Lorraine faded in importance after 1880 with

3741-466: The South German industrialists proposed to have Alsace ceded to Switzerland, while Switzerland would compensate Germany with another territory. The Swiss rejected the proposal, preferring to remain neutral between the French and Germans. The German Emperor , Wilhelm I , eventually sided with army commander Helmuth von Moltke , other Prussian generals and other officials who argued that

3828-480: The Territorial Committee was enlarged to 58 members who were indirectly elected by the district assemblies (Lorraine 11, Upper Alsace 10, Lower Alsace 13), the autonomous cities (1 member each from Strassburg, Mülhausen, Metz and Colmar) and the counties (20 members). Initially the Territorial Committee had only an advisory function. In 1877 it was granted a legislative function and the right to create

3915-614: The beginning of the 20th century, opposition to German authorities played hardly any role. There were no longer major social groups that advocated a return to France. The Protestants traditionally had a positive image of Germany, while after the Dreyfus affair , the Jewish population regarded France with extreme suspicion. Catholics also turned away from France. The rise of socialism there permanently unsettled Catholic sentiments in Alsace–Lorraine. France's laicist policy from 1905 onwards ( Law on

4002-564: The cities of Strassburg and Mülhausen. After the Kulturkampf – the conflict between the state and the Catholic Church driven by Chancellor Otto von Bismarck – reached Alsace–Lorraine in 1872/73, the Catholic Church became a vehicle of resistance against the German authorities. In all of the Reichstag elections from 1874 to 1912, between three and seven of the 15 Alsace–Lorraine deputies were Catholic priests. The dispute reached

4089-452: The crowned escutcheon of Alsace–Lorraine in the upper left corner. On 25 June 1912, the parliament of the Imperial Territory unanimously approved the proposal for a state flag consisting of the red and white striped flag of Alsace bearing a yellow Lorraine cross in the upper left corner. The decision to adopt the flag was never implemented by government authorities in Berlin. The flag was often raised privately and on semi-official occasions. It

4176-410: The decline of the monarchist element. When World War I broke out in 1914, recovery of the two lost provinces became the top French war goal. The increased militarization of Europe and the lack of negotiations between major powers led to harsh and rash actions taken by both sides in respect to Alsace–Lorraine during World War I . As soon as war was declared, both the French and German authorities used

4263-413: The emerging working class to the Social Democrats. The Protesters no longer played a significant role after the election of 1890. The majority of Alsace–Lorraine's inhabitants were sceptical of the German Empire during the first two decades and voted for regional parties (Alsace–Lorraine Protesters and Autonomists). After Chancellor Bismarck's dismissal in 1890, the party landscape loosened, and parties of

4350-602: The eye, in Cairo, and struck down by fever in Lebanon . On his recovery he proceeded to Paris and, establishing a modest studio in the rue de Université, began carefully to work out the ideas which had been slowly shaping themselves in his mind. Mention is made of two decorative panels Diana leaving the Bath , and a Young Nubian as almost the first fruits of his genius; but these did not attract public attention until much later, and

4437-510: The first and the final stage of the embodiment itself. A landscape was apparently finished; even his fellow artists would consider it done; Gleyre alone was conscious that he had not "found his sky". Gleyre became influential as a teacher, taking over the studio of Paul Delaroche – then the leading private teaching atelier in Paris – in 1843. His students included Jean-Léon Gérôme , Jean-Louis Hamon , Auguste Toulmouche , Whistler and several of

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4524-463: The foreign population remained the same. There were 2 Swiss men who emigrated from Switzerland and 1 Swiss woman who immigrated back to Switzerland. At the same time, there was 1 non-Swiss man and 3 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 4 and the non-Swiss population increased by 4 people. This represents

4611-547: The forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 64.9% is used for growing crops and 9.3% is pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. The municipality was part of the Cossonay District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Chevilly became part of the new district of Morges. The municipality is located at the foot of the Jura Mountains , between

4698-441: The frontier away from the Rhine would give the Germans a strategic buffer against feared future French attacks. Due to the annexation, the Germans gained control of the fortifications of Metz and Strasbourg (Strassburg) on the left bank of the Rhine and most of the iron resources of Lorraine. The possibility of granting Alsace–Lorraine the status of a constituent state of the German Empire with its own sovereign and constitution

4785-534: The future, despite what the French parts of their population wanted. We Germans who know Germany and France know better what suits the Alsatians than the unfortunates themselves. In the perversion of their French life, they have no exact idea of what concerns Germany. In 1871, the newly created German Empire's demand for Alsace from France after its victory in the Franco-Prussian War was not simply

4872-483: The government of the Territory. On 22 June 1877, Eduard von Moeller, the first governor of Alsace–Lorraine, decreed that 90 place names in the district of Lorraine were to be changed from their French to the German forms. When the constitution of the Imperial Territory of Alsace–Lorraine of 31 May 1911 was enacted, a directly elected state parliament ( Landtag ) replaced the Territorial Committee. Alsace–Lorraine

4959-520: The major religious communities (Catholics, Lutherans, Protestant Reformed and Jews), the chambers of agriculture and commerce, the trade unions, the judiciary, the cities of Strassburg, Metz, Mülhausen and Colmar, and the University of Strassburg. There were also 18 members appointed by the emperor at the recommendation of the Bundesrat. The lower house consisted of 60 deputies who were elected for

5046-694: The most popular party was the SP which received 22.19% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP (17.15%), the SVP (14.63%) and the Green Party (14.56%). In the federal election, a total of 75 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 48.4%. As of  2010 , Chevilly had an unemployment rate of 2.7%. As of 2008 , there were 15 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 7 businesses involved in this sector. 2 people were employed in

5133-422: The municipality, and an average of 2.5 persons per household. There were 21 households that consist of only one person and 6 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 86 households that answered this question, 24.4% were households made up of just one person. Of the rest of the households, there are 26 married couples without children, 32 married couples with children There were 3 single parents with

5220-543: The municipality. Alsace-Lorraine Alsace–Lorraine ( German : Elsaß–Lothringen ), officially the Imperial Territory of Alsace–Lorraine (German: Reichsland Elsaß–Lothringen ), was a territory of the German Empire , located in modern-day France. It was established in 1871 by the German Empire after it had occupied the region during the Franco-Prussian War . The region was officially ceded to

5307-509: The new French département of Meurthe-et-Moselle . The new border between France and Germany mainly followed the geo-linguistic divide between French and German dialects, except in a few valleys of the Alsatian side of the Vosges mountains , the city of Metz and its region and in the area of Château-Salins (formerly in the Meurthe département ), which were annexed by Germany although most people there spoke French. In 1900, 11.6% of

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5394-533: The painting by which he practically opened his artistic career was the Apocalyptic Vision of St John , sent to the Salon of 1840. This was followed in 1843 by Evening , which received a medal of the second class, and afterwards became widely popular under the title Lost Illusions . It depicts a poet seated on the bank of a river, with his head drooping and a wearied posture, letting his lyre slip from

5481-467: The percentage of votes and the number of seats won (in parentheses), were as follows: The flag used officially in the Imperial Territory was the black-white-red flag of the German Empire . A modified imperial service flag of the Foreign Office was adopted on 29 December 1892 for use at state institutions in Alsace–Lorraine. It was the imperial tri-colour with the imperial eagle in the centre and

5568-535: The political districts. During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 631 children of which 203 children (32.2%) received subsidized pre-school care. The canton's primary school program requires students to attend for four years. There were 26 students in the municipal primary school program. The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 19 students in those schools. As of 2000 , there were 37 students from Chevilly who attended schools outside

5655-439: The population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of 13.1%. It has changed at a rate of 0.5% due to migration and at a rate of 12.1% due to births and deaths. Most of the population (as of 2000 ) speaks French (193 or 91.5%), with German being second most common (8 or 3.8%) and Danish being third (4 or 1.9%). There are 2 people who speak Italian . Of

5742-513: The population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education , and 41 or (19.4%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule ). Of the 41 who completed tertiary schooling, 48.8% were Swiss men, 39.0% were Swiss women. In the 2009/2010 school year there were a total of 45 students in the Chevilly school district. In the Vaud cantonal school system, two years of non-obligatory pre-school are provided by

5829-472: The population in the municipality 63 or about 29.9% were born in Chevilly and lived there in 2000. There were 89 or 42.2% who were born in the same canton, while 33 or 15.6% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 22 or 10.4% were born outside of Switzerland. In 2008 there was 1 live birth to Swiss citizens. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 1 while

5916-426: The population of Alsace–Lorraine spoke French as their first language (11.0% in 1905, 10.9% in 1910). That small francophone areas were affected was used in France to denounce the new border, since Germany had justified the annexation on linguistic grounds. The German administration was tolerant of the use of the French language (in sharp contrast to the use of the Polish language in the Province of Posen ), and French

6003-428: The population of Alsace–Lorraine. The approximately 110,000 optants who had not emigrated by 1 October 1872 lost their option of French citizenship, although they were not expelled by the German authorities but retained German citizenship. Some estimates of the total number of optants, however, are as high as 280,000, with the number who left for France set at about 130,000. After the Franco-Prussian War, Alsace–Lorraine

6090-420: The repentance than of the return; Ruth and Boaz ; Ulysses and Nausicaa ; Hercules at the Feet of Omphale ; the Young Athenian, or, as it is popularly called, Sappho ; Minerva and the Nymphs ; Venus and Adonis ; Daphnis and Chloë ; and Love and the Parcae . He also left a considerable number of drawings and watercolours, and a number of portraits, among which is the sad face of Heinrich Heine , engraved in

6177-423: The ruin they have wrought; the Battle of the Lemanus , a piece of elaborate design, crowded but not encumbered with figures, and giving fine expression to the movements of the various bands of combatants and fugitives; the Prodigal Son , in which the artist has ventured to add to the parable the new element of mother's love, greeting the repentant youth with a welcome that shows that the mother's heart thinks less of

6264-471: The secondary sector was 2, all of which were in manufacturing. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 2. In the tertiary sector; 2 or 100.0% were technical professionals or scientists, . In 2000 , there were 83 workers who commuted away from the municipality. Of the working population, 5.5% used public transportation to get to work, and 71.6% used a private car. From the 2000 census , 23 or 10.9% were Roman Catholic , while 123 or 58.3% belonged to

6351-492: The single family homes 16 were built before 1919, while 2 were built between 1990 and 2000. The most multi-family homes (7) were built before 1919 and the next most (2) were built between 1919 and 1945. There was 1 multi-family house built between 1996 and 2000. In 2000 there were 91 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 3 rooms of which there were 26. There were single room apartments and 28 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments,

6438-769: The studio of Richard Parkes Bonington . He then went to Italy, where he became acquainted with Horace Vernet and Louis Léopold Robert . It was through Vernet's recommendation that he was chosen by the American traveller John Lowell Jr. to accompany him on his journeys round the eastern Mediterranean, recording the scenes and ethnographic subjects they met with. They left Italy in spring 1834 and visited Greece, Turkey and Egypt, where they remained together until November 1835, when Lowell left for India. Gleyre continued his travels around Egypt and Syria, not returning to France until 1838. He returned to Lyons in shattered health, having been attacked with ophthalmia , or inflammation of

6525-465: The territory in the form of a " local law in Alsace–Moselle ". Due to its special legal status since reversion to France, the territory has been referred to administratively as Alsace–Moselle . ( Alsatian : 's Elsàss–Mosel ; German : Elsaß–Mosel or Elsass–Mosel ). Since 2016, the historical territory has been part of the French administrative region of Grand Est . Alsace–Lorraine had

6612-613: The total population, took the option. The proportion was particularly high in Upper Alsace, where 93,109 people (20.3%) declared that they wished to retain French citizenship, and much lower in Lower Alsace (6.5%) and Lorraine (5.8%). Originally it was envisaged that those who chose French citizenship would have to leave Alsace–Lorraine. They were allowed to either take their property with them or sell it. Ultimately only about 50,000 people left for France, corresponding to 3.2% of

6699-561: The universal and equal manhood suffrage for electing the second chamber. The representation of trade unions in the first chamber was also remarkable since they were not yet legally recognized as workers' representatives. The first and only elections to the parliament of the Imperial Territory took place on 22 and 29 October 1911. The strongest parties were the Alsatian Centre and the Social Democrats with 31.0% and 23.8% of

6786-607: The vote respectively, followed by the Lorraine Autonomists with 16.3%. In 1874, Alsace–Lorraine was granted 15 seats in the German Reichstag . Between 6 and 10 of the 15 Alsatian–Lorraine deputies elected in each of the Reichstag elections from 1874 through 1887 were counted as "Protest Deputies" because of their opposition to the annexation. Shortly after the 1874 election , the Protesters introduced

6873-514: Was directly annexed to the German Empire as an imperial territory and was not a state in its own right. It was not until the decree of Emperor Wilhelm I on 29 October 1874 that a popular representation was established, the Territorial Committee ( Landesausschuss ). The members of the Territorial Committee were not elected by the people but appointed by the district assemblies ( Bezirkstagen ). The three district assemblies for Lorraine, Upper Alsace and Lower Alsace each appointed ten members. In 1879

6960-633: Was formed after the foundation of the Empire, the XV Prussian Army Corps was created from existing troops. The corps' district was the new "Border Region" Alsace–Lorraine, as was that of the XVI Army Corps , which was formed in 1890. The southern regions of the Imperial Territory belonged to the districts of the XIV Army Corps , which was made up in 1871 of troops from Baden . From 1912, the northeastern regions belonged to

7047-424: Was granted its own constitution, a freely elected parliament and three representatives in the Bundesrat, the German federal council. Since the Bundesrat represented the interests of the states in Berlin, the members from each state were required to vote as a bloc. In Alsace–Lorraine, the governor determined how its three representatives voted. The votes were not counted if they gave an otherwise defeated Prussian motion

7134-425: Was not considered, in part because Prussia was convinced that the population of the territory would first have to be Germanized, i.e., accustomed to the new German-Prussian form of government. The Imperial Territory ( Reichsland ) created on 28 June 1871 was therefore treated initially as an occupied territory and administered directly by an imperial governor ( Oberpräsident ) appointed by Wilhelm I. Although it

7221-585: Was not technically part of the Kingdom of Prussia , in practical terms, it amounted to the same thing since the emperor was also king of Prussia and the chancellor its minister-president . Memory of the Napoleonic Wars was still fresh in the 1870s. Wilhelm I himself had had to flee with the Prussian royal family to East Prussia as a nine-year-old in 1806 and had served in the Battle of Waterloo . Until

7308-530: Was not until 1903 that a quarter of Alsatian recruits were assigned on a trial basis to troops stationed in their native region. In 1910, 4.3% of the local population – about 80,000 men – were military personnel, which made Alsace–Lorraine the region in Germany with the highest concentration of troops. At the end of 1913, protests broke out in the Alsatian town of Zabern , where two battalions of Prussian infantry were stationed. A young German lieutenant insulted

7395-418: Was not welcomed by German authorities and the military but was tolerated in part even in wartime. It was also used as the flag of the independent Republic of Alsace–Lorraine of 12 November 1918 to 21 November 1918. Unofficially, the traditional red and white territorial flag was popular in Alsace and was often used decoratively and as a postcard motif. It was also sometimes taken as a sign of protest against

7482-538: Was offset against the war compensation to be paid by France. The Imperial Railways in Alsace–Lorraine was the first railway owned by the German Reich. Until the First World War, the Imperial Territory experienced a great economic boom, and many new socio-political benefits such as social security and health insurance were introduced in line with developments in the rest of the German Empire. In 1872,

7569-514: Was permitted as an official language and school language in those areas where it was spoken by a majority. This changed in 1914 with the First World War . Under the provisions of the Treaty of Frankfurt , the inhabitants of the annexed areas received Alsace–Lorraine citizenship unless they had migrated directly from France. Until 1 October 1872, they had the option of retaining French citizenship. A total of 160,878 people, or about 10.4% of

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