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34-570: The region was named after Pierre François-Xavier de Charlevoix , a French Jesuit explorer and historian who travelled through the area in the 18th century. The community of La Malbaie was known as the first resort area in Canada. As early as 1760, Scottish noblemen Malcolm Fraser and John Nairne hosted visitors at their manors. For much of its history, Charlevoix was home to a thriving summer colony of wealthy Americans, including President William Howard Taft . From an administrative point of view,

68-421: A station named after him . Louise Phelps Kellogg wrote "Charlevoix was not of the temper of the earlier Jesuits of New France. He was by no means a zealot, and had no vocation to deliver himself to a life of suffering and deprivation for the conversion of Indian souls. Rather, he was a man of scholarly temper, interested as an observer in world affairs. […] His was an eager curiosity concerning life, rather than

102-517: A burning ambition to be himself a moulder of destiny." Charlevoix's works, enumerated in the Bibliographie des Pères de la Compagnie de Jésus (Bibliography of Jesuit Priests) by Carlos Sommervogel, fall into two groups. Several of his works have maps by the French philosophe ( Enlightenment intellectual) and engineer Jacques-Nicolas Bellin , which represent the most accurate material of

136-699: A dirt road (1959). Route 138, from Tadoussac to Havre-Saint-Pierre , opened in the spring of 1976, from there access to the islands of the Mingan Archipelago by sea. In 1984, to commemorate the 450th anniversary of Jacques Cartier's arrival in New France, the Commission de toponymie gave this name to the part of Route 138 located east of the Saguenay River, that is, the part that extends from Tadoussac to Havre-Saint-Pierre. Until

170-601: A survey of the historic boundaries of Acadia , a French colony ceded to the British Empire in the 1713 Peace of Utrecht . He sailed from La Rochelle in June 1720 and reached Quebec by the end of September. His knowledge of North America led to an extension of his assignment, under instructions to find a route to the "Western Sea" (i.e., the Pacific Ocean ) but "still give the impression of being no more than

204-649: A traveler or missionary." Having recently lost control of the Hudson Bay and lacking funds for a major expedition, the French Crown equipped Charlevoix with two canoes, eight experienced companions , and basic trading merchandise. From Quebec, he set out for the colony of Saint-Domingue via the Saint Lawrence River and the Great Lakes to Michilimackinac , where he made an excursion to

238-481: Is a small regional airport serving the region. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0 ( license statement/permission ). Text taken from Charlevoix Biosphere Reserve​ , UNESCO. Pierre Fran%C3%A7ois Xavier de Charlevoix Pierre François Xavier de Charlevoix , S.J. ( Latin : Petrus Franciscus-Xaverius de Charlevoix ; 24 or 29 October 1682 – 1 February 1761)

272-606: Is one of the oldest highways in Canada. It passes through the Montérégie , Montreal , Lanaudière , Mauricie , Capitale-Nationale and Côte-Nord regions of Quebec. In Montreal, Highway 138 runs via Sherbrooke Street , crosses the Pierre Le Gardeur Bridge to Charlemagne and remains a four-lane road until exiting Repentigny . This highway takes a more scenic route than the more direct Autoroute 40 between Montreal and Quebec City . It crosses

306-414: Is the major highway through the region, which closely follows the shoreline of the Saint Lawrence River . Between Baie-Saint-Paul and La Malbaie , the highway turns inland with Quebec Route 362 serving the riverside communities of Les Éboulements and Saint-Irénée . The Train de Charlevoix , a tourist rail service , links the coastal communities of Charlevoix to Quebec City . Charlevoix Airport

340-817: The Journal d'un voyage fait par l'ordre du Roi dans l'Amérique Septentrionale de la Nouvelle France Charlevoix's records of local geography were later used to improve regional maps. Unsuccessful in reaching the Pacific, he reported upon his return to France in 1722 of two possible routes: by the Missouri River , "whose source is certainly not far from the sea", or by the establishment of a mission in Sioux territory, from which contact with tribes further west may have been possible. In 1723, Charlevoix traveled to Italy . For twenty-two years, from 1733 to 1755, Charlevoix

374-638: The Newfoundland and Labrador border (connecting with Newfoundland and Labrador Provincial Route 510 ), near Blanc-Sablon on the eastern end of the Côte-Nord. Blanc-Sablon is located on the north coast of the Gulf of St. Lawrence near the entrance of the Strait of Belle Isle . A gap remains between Kegaska and Old Fort, through isolated communities accessible only by coastal ferry . On August 25, 2006,

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408-507: The Saguenay River via a ferry which travels between Baie-Sainte-Catherine and Tadoussac ; in the event of a closure of this ferry, drivers must take a significant detour via Quebec Route 172 and Quebec Route 170 to the city of Saguenay in order to cross the river by bridge. From Tadoussac to Blanc-Sablon , at the beginning of the 20th century, the first routes of what would become Route 138 (formerly Route 15) were laid in

442-458: The "Charlevoix region" does not exist in itself, but is rather made up of the regional county municipalities of Charlevoix-Est and Charlevoix . Features of note include: The topography of this region was dramatically altered by a meteorite impact that occurred 350 million years ago creating the Charlevoix impact structure : The impact created the forty-mile-wide crater that is

476-576: The Gulf of St. Laurent, Pontbriand River , the villages of Baie-Johan-Beetz and Natashquan , etc. A second segment of about 17 km extends from Tête-à-la-Baleine's airport, east through Tête-à-la-Baleine , to the ferry terminal southeast of Tête-à-la-Baleine. There is also a 10.7 km roadway, la route Mecatina, from Mutton Bay to a ferry terminal in La Tabatière and continuing beyond. A third segment of Route 138 extends from Old Fort to

510-747: The Quebec government announced a 10-year project to connect the two segments by building 425 km of highway along the Lower North Shore . In 2011, the Quebec government announced an additional $ 122 million investment for the project over five years as part of the Plan Nord . However, by 2013 difficulties ensued between the Quebec Ministry of Transport and the Pakatan Corporation, who was previously responsible for managing

544-1182: The Saint Lawrence River to the south. Extending from 5 to 1,150 metres above sea level, the area comprises agricultural areas, river ecosystems, estuarine tidal marshes and flats, coniferous and mixed forests, stunted vegetation ( krummholz ) and mountain tundra ecosystems. Maple forests including paper birch ( Betula papyriferae ), alder ( Alnus spp. ) and elm ( Ulmus spp. ) and with an understory of sumac ( Rhus typhina ), Acer pensylvanicum and Cornus alternifolia ; mixed fir ( Abies sp. ) forest with Corylus cornuta , Sambucus pubens and Taxus canadensis ; boreal forests up to an altitude of 300 metres with fir and spruce ( Picea spp. ); estuarine tidal marsh and flats dominated by Scirpus americanus meadows including Zizania palustris , Sagittaria cuneata and S. latifolia ; tundra with ericaceous zones consisting of Kalmia spp. , Ledum groenlandicum ; stunted vegetation community (krummholz) with Picea mariana and Abies balsamea ; agro-ecosystems with cereals, fruits and legumes, and river ecosystems. Animal species in

578-740: The Society called the regency to the Jesuit College in Quebec in the French colony of Canada , where he taught grammar . Upon completion of this stage of his training, Charlevoix returned to the College Louis-le-Grand in Paris to study theology , becoming a professor of belles lettres . One of his students was the young Voltaire , who later developed strong views on New France. (See A few acres of snow .) Charlevoix

612-400: The area include beluga whale ( Delphinapterus leucas ), wolf ( Canis lupus ), boreal woodland caribou ( Rangifer tarandus caribou ), North American cougar ( Puma concolor couguar ) and blue whale ( Balaenoptera musculus ). About 30,000 people live in the biosphere reserve (1988), which covers 457,000 hectares. In former times, the population of Charlevoix used to rely on the river and

646-688: The entire north shore of the St. Lawrence River past Montreal to the temporary eastern terminus in Kegashka on the Gulf of St. Lawrence . The western terminus is in Elgin , at the border with New York State south-west of Montreal (connecting with New York State Route 30 at the Trout River Border Crossing ). Part of this highway is known as the Chemin du Roy , or King's Highway, which

680-404: The funding for this project, leading to the termination of agreement between the two. By this time only 12 km of this road had been built, plus some additional engineering work and deforestation . The construction of two segments of the highway (Kegaska–La Romaine and Tête-à-la-Baleine–La Tabatière) was set to begin in 2019. A total of $ 232 million will be contributed to this project. In 2024

714-509: The heart of Quebec's Charlevoix region, ranging from just west of Baie-Saint-Paul to just east of La Malbaie. Today, the area inside the crater is home to 90 percent of Charlevoix residents and is a very pastoral setting by comparison to what it could have been. This area was subsequently reshaped by glaciation during the last ice age . There have been several major earthquakes in the region in recorded history: Situated some 80 km east of Quebec City, Charlevoix Biosphere Reserve borders

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748-496: The installation of lookouts . Visual openness, proximity to an exceptional landscape, educational potential, as well as a tourist vocation play a determining role in the choice of sites. The arrangement of lookouts invites travelers to stop in safe observation places, close to the road, preferably elevated and exposed to the winds to avoid the presence of insects. Over the 150.5 km that separate Havre-Saint-Pierre and Pashashibou River , Route 138 offers visual openings towards

782-540: The mid-1990s, the highway's eastern terminus was Havre-Saint-Pierre , but in 1996 the extension to Natashquan was completed. A 40 km gravel section between Natashquan and Kegaska opened on September 26, 2013, with the inauguration of a bridge across the Natashquan River . When planning Route 138, from Havre-Saint-Pierre to the Pashashibou River , the Quebec Ministry of Transport planned

816-430: The most comprehensive book on the history and geography of the French colony. His death, at La Flèche on 1 February 1761, prevented him from developing his history of New France beyond 1736. Many places are named after him, listed here . The region of Charlevoix north of Quebec City is one, as are Charlevoix County and its county seat Charlevoix, Michigan in the state of Michigan . The Montreal Metro has

850-503: The post of deputy attorney general . His ancestors had served in positions in "great trust and high responsibility" such as legal officers, aldermen, and mayors. On 15 September 1698, at age 16, he entered the Jesuit novitiate in Paris . He studied philosophy at the College Louis-le-Grand from 1700 to 1704. Between 1705 and 1709, Charlevoix was sent for his period of training in

884-418: The sea, for example on coastal navigation, marine constructions and fisheries (e.g. beluga, eel). Today, the economic landscape has diversified and major factors in the local economy are now forestry, silica mining, agriculture and tourism. The forest education centre ‘Les Palissades’ or the ecological centre ‘Port-au-Saumon’ are important institutions for environmental education in the area. Quebec Route 138

918-826: The southern edge of Green Bay . He traveled along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan , trying to reach the Illinois River from the Chicago , but the shallowness of the water forced him up the St. Joseph to the headwaters of the Theakiki , whose waters fall into the Illinois River. He traveled along the Illinois until he reached the Mississippi River in 1721, which he considered "the finest confluence in

952-520: The time. His History and General Description of New France was of capital importance for Canadian history. His History and General Description of Japan was an expansion on the prior work of Engelbert Kaempfer . See also Charlevoix's work in Lénardon's index to the Journal du Trévoir . Quebec Route 138 Route 138 is a major highway in the Canadian province of Quebec , following

986-592: The vicinity of Sept-Îles . In 1961, a section was added from the Franquelin region to the tip of the Moisie River , some 20 kilometres east of Sept-Îles. On the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence , until 1976, there was no continuous route to go further east than the Moisie River. Only bits of paths here and there connect a few coastal villages to each other, Natashquan connects to Aguanish by

1020-834: The world". | Visiting the Illinois Country along the way, Charlevoix traveled down the Mississippi to its mouth at the Gulf Coast. He embarked on a ship at New Orleans for the sail to the island of Saint-Domingue in the Caribbean, but it was wrecked at the entrance of the Bahama Channel . He was aided by nuns of the order of the Ursulines of Quebec , whose founder St   Marie of the Incarnation later

1054-580: Was ordained as a priest in 1713. In 1715, he published his first complete work, on the establishment and progress of the Catholic Church in Japan , adding extensive notes on the manners, customs, and costumes of the inhabitants of the Empire and its general political situation, and on the topography and natural history of the region. Charlevoix's work was halted by a royal commission that requested

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1088-422: Was a French Jesuit priest , traveller, and historian, often considered the first historian of New France . Charlevoix's name also appears as Pierre-François-Xavier de Charlevoix , Pierre De Charlevoix , and François-Xavier de Charlevoix . Charlevoix was born at Saint-Quentin in the province of Picardy on 24 or 29 October 1682. A descendant from a line of lesser nobility , his father held

1122-589: Was one of the directors of the Mémoires or Journal de Trévoux , a monthly journal of literature, history, and science. On the pages of that journal, he lay down in 1735 the plan for a corpus of histories that should have given an all-inclusive account of the extra-European world. The plan was announced when his history of Japan—the first installment of the proposed series—was about to be published. In 1744 he published his History of New France , drawing on various authors as well as his own observations, thus providing

1156-494: Was the subject of one of his books. Charlevoix and his companions returned to the Mississippi River via following the coast of Florida . Charlevoix's second trip to Saint-Domingue was more fortunate. He arrived in the colony at the beginning of September 1722. He departed for France at the end of that month, landing at Le Havre on 24 December. Charlevoix kept a record of his entire expedition, which he published as

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