46-538: Chesham Bois (traditionally / ˌ tʃ ɛ s əm ˈ b ɔɪ z / CHESS -əm BOYZ , but now more commonly / ˌ tʃ ɛ ʃ əm ˈ b ɔɪ z / CHESH -əm BOYZ ) is a village in the Chiltern Hills , in Buckinghamshire , England, adjacent to both Amersham and Chesham . Initially a hamlet in the parish of Chesham , the manor was assessed at 1½ hides in the reign of King Edward
92-435: A ring of eight bells, one dating from 1290. The wood for the rood screen was taken from HMS Thunderer , one of Nelson's fleet at Trafalgar . A church hall was added in 1901. The Anglican Churches of Goring, Streatley and South Stoke form a united benefice . A priory of Augustinian nuns was built late in the 12th century with its own priory church adjoining St Thomas's. This survived until demolished with
138-726: A church hall. It holds two Sunday services. The Catholic Church of Our Lady and St John the Apostle was designed by the architect William Ravenscroft and built in 1898. It now forms a single parish with the Roman Catholic Church of Christ the King in Woodcote . Goring United Football Club plays in the Reading Football League . Goring-on-Thames Cricket Club, founded in 1876, has two teams in
184-716: A later bell tower. Goring faces the smaller Streatley across the Thames; the two are linked by Goring and Streatley Bridge . Goring is on the left bank of the River Thames in the Goring Gap between the Berkshire Downs and Chiltern Hills , about 8 mi (13 km) north-west of Reading and 16 mi (26 km) south of Oxford . Across the river is the Berkshire village of Streatley , often seen as
230-569: A twin village. They are linked by Goring and Streatley Bridge and its adjacent lock and weir . The Thames Path , Icknield Way and the Ridgeway cross the Thames at Goring. The Great Western Main Line serves Goring & Streatley railway station ; Great Western Railway operates trains between London Paddington , Reading , and Didcot . The service runs every 30 minutes on weekdays and Saturdays, and every hour on Sundays. GWR provide
276-532: Is Coombe Hill , 260 m (852 ft.) above sea level. The more gently sloping country – the dip slope – to the southeast of the Chiltern scarp is also generally referred to as part of the Chilterns; it contains much beech woodland and many villages. Enclosed fields account for almost 66% of the " Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty " (AONB) area. The next most important, and archetypal, landscape form
322-497: Is woodland , covering 21% of the Chilterns, which is thus one of the most heavily wooded areas in England. Built-up areas (settlements and industry) make up over 5% of the land area; parks and gardens nearly 4%, open land (commons, heaths and downland) is 2%, and the remaining 2% includes a variety of uses, including communications, military, open land, recreation, utilities and water. The Chilterns are almost entirely located within
368-597: Is a more prominent hill, although its altitude is only 249 m (817 ft.). It is the starting point of the Icknield Way Path and the Ridgeway long-distance path , which follows the line of the Chilterns for many miles to the west, where they merge with the Wiltshire downs and southern Cotswolds . To the east of Ivinghoe Beacon is Dunstable Downs, a steep section of the Chiltern scarp. Near Wendover
414-481: Is a village and civil parish on the River Thames in South Oxfordshire , England. Situated on the county border with Berkshire , it is 6 mi (10 km) south of Wallingford and 8 mi (13 km) north-west of Reading . It had a population of 3,187 in the 2011 census and was estimated to have increased to 3,335 by 2019. Most land is farmland, with woodland on the Goring Gap outcrop of
460-420: Is also located in the village and is an independent preparatory school educating over 400 boys. Also located in the village is Our Lady's Roman Catholic Combined School which is opposite the church of the same name. Elangeni School is situated at the end of Woodside Avenue and is a mixed state school . A 40-acre (160,000 m) sycamore and ash wood and common is the site of a cricket pavilion, as well as being
506-440: Is believed to be Brittonic in origin. According to Eilert Ekwall , Chiltern is possibly related to the broader ethnic name Celt ( Celtæ in early Celtic languages ); the root celto- "high" (and suffix -erno- ) could provide the origin of Chiltern . Before the 18th century, the population lived dispersed across the largely rural landscape of the Chilterns in remote villages, hamlets, farmsteads, and market towns along
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#1732790951256552-502: The Chiltern Hills . Its riverside plain encloses the residential area, including a high street with shops, pubs and restaurants. Goring & Streatley railway station lies on the Great Western Main Line , providing trains between London, Reading , and Didcot . The village church is dedicated to St Thomas Becket with a nave that was built within 50 years of the saint's death, in the early 13th century, along with
598-936: The Chiltern Hundreds . By established custom, Members of Parliament (MPs) in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom , who are prohibited from resigning their seats directly, may apply for the Stewardship of the Chiltern Hundreds as a device to enable their departure from the House. Hills in The Chilterns more than 200 metres in elevation and with more than 30 metres of topographic prominence are listed from southwest to northeast. Goring-on-Thames Goring-on-Thames (or Goring )
644-984: The Isle of Wight and the South Downs in the south. In the north, the chalk formations continue northeastwards across Hertfordshire , Norfolk and the Lincolnshire Wolds , finally ending as the Yorkshire Wolds in a prominent escarpment, south of the Vale of Pickering . The beds of the Chalk Group were deposited over the buried northwestern margin of the Anglo-Brabant Massif during the Late Cretaceous . During this time, sources for siliciclastic sediment had been eliminated due to
690-732: The London to Aylesbury Line via Amersham , the West Coast Main Line via Berkhamsted , and the Midland Main Line all run through the Chiltern Hills. The Great Western Main Line and its branches such as the Henley and Marlow branch lines link the southern side of the Chilterns with London Paddington . The Chinnor and Princes Risborough Railway is a preserved line. High Speed 2 (HS2) will pass underneath
736-652: The Metropolitan Railway ’s Amersham station was named “Amersham and Chesham Bois”. Famous people born in Chesham Bois include the crime writer and composer Edmund Crispin ; Lieutenant Commander Peter Scawen Watkinson Roberts , who was awarded the Victoria Cross for gallantry in the face of the enemy during World War II ; and Mervyn King , former governor of the Bank of England . Chesham Bois
782-927: The River Thames drainage basin , and also drain towards several major Thames tributaries, most notably the Lea , which rises in the eastern Chilterns, the Colne to the south, and the Thame to the north and west. Other rivers arising near the Chilterns include the Mimram , the Ver , the Gade , the Bulbourne , the Chess , the Misbourne and the Wye . These are classified as chalk streams , although
828-523: The River Thames , there are no navigable rivers. The Grand Union Canal passes through the Chilterns between Berkhamsted and Marsworth following the course of the Gade and Bulbourne . Also, after crossing a watershed, the Ouzel is partly in the Chilterns. During the Iron Age , the Chiltern ridge provided a relatively safe and easily navigable route across southern Britain. The toponym , Chiltern ,
874-518: The Weald Basin of southern England, underwent structural inversion . This phase of deformation tilted the chalk strata to the southeast in the area of the Chiltern Hills. The gently dipping beds of rock were eroded , forming an escarpment. The chalk strata are frequently interspersed with layers of flint nodules which apparently replaced chalk and infilled pore spaces early in the diagenetic history. Flint has been mined for millennia from
920-563: The AONB. Third, to publish and promote the implementation of a management plan for the AONB. In contrast to National Parks , The Chilterns – as other AONBs – do not possess their own planning authority . The Board has an advisory role on planning and development matters and seeks to influence the actions of local government by commenting upon planning applications . The local authorities (two County Councils, three Unitary Authorities and four District and Borough Councils) are expected to respect
966-572: The Berkshire Cricket League. Goring has a lawn tennis club with teams that play in two local leagues. Goring and Streatley Golf Club is located in adjoining Streatley. Goring-on-Thames' Decorative and Fine Arts Society , founded in 1987, belongs to the National Association of Decorative and Fine Arts Societies . Goring has a Women's Institute . On 10 July 2009, Goring was named Oxfordshire 's Village of
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#17327909512561012-531: The Chiltern AONB area. The Board's purposes are set out in Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 : In summary these are:- First, to conserve and enhance the natural beauty of the AONB, and increase the understanding and enjoyment by the public of the special qualities of the AONB. Second, while taking account of the first purpose, to foster the economic and social wellbeing of local communities within
1058-513: The Chiltern Hills overlooks the Vale of Aylesbury and roughly coincides with the southernmost extent of the ice sheet during the Anglian glacial maximum . The Chilterns are part of a system of chalk downlands throughout eastern and southern England, formed between 65 and 95 million years ago, comprising rocks of the Chalk Group ; this also includes Salisbury Plain , Cranborne Chase ,
1104-549: The Chiltern Hills. They were first extracted for fabrication into flint axes in the Neolithic period, then for knapping into flintlocks . Nodules are to be seen everywhere in the older houses as a construction material for walls. The highest point is at 267 m (876 ft.) above sea level at Haddington Hill near Wendover in Buckinghamshire; a stone monument marks the summit . The nearby Ivinghoe Beacon
1150-571: The Chilterns in the Chiltern tunnel . This tunnel, the longest under construction on the HS2 route, will be 16 km (9.9 miles) in length. The Conservation Board has made clear it was opposed to the routing of HS2 through the Chilterns AONB. Bus services are provided by Arriva Shires & Essex and Carousel Buses . Air corridors from Luton Airport pass over the Chilterns. Apart from
1196-783: The Chilterns, including long-distance trackways such as the Icknield Way and The Ridgeway . The M40 motorway passes through the Chilterns in Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire sections with a deep cutting through the Stokenchurch Gap . The M1 motorway crosses the Bedfordshire section near Luton . Other major roads include the A41 and the A413 . The Chiltern Main Line Railway via High Wycombe and Princes Risborough ,
1242-642: The Confessor . The estate belonged to a brother of King Harold , who was killed with him at the Battle of Hastings , and William the Conqueror probably gave this "royal" land to his own half-brother, Odo, Bishop of Bayeux . The village gets its name from the de Bosco family (the French version of which was "de Bois") and by 1213 in the reign of King John a William du Bois was holding the manor. By about 1430, in
1288-771: The Lea is degraded by water from road drains and sewage treatment works. The Thames flows through a gap between the Berkshire Downs and the Chilterns. Portions around Leighton Buzzard and Hitchin are drained by the Ouzel , the Flit and the Hiz , all of which ultimately flow into the River Great Ouse (the last two via the Ivel ). Several transport routes pass through the Chilterns in natural or human-made corridors. There are also over 2,000 km (1,200 mi) of public footpaths in
1334-732: The Overall Regional Winner of the 2011 Calor Village of the Year regional heat for South England. Goring was a finalist in the small towns category of the Britain in Bloom contest in 2019. In the summer of 1893, Oscar Wilde stayed at Ferry House in Goring with Lord Alfred Douglas . While there, Wilde began writing his play An Ideal Husband , which includes a main character named Lord Goring. An enlarged Ferry Cottage became
1380-530: The Year, ahead of 11 other villages and succeeding Woodcote . The £1000 prize was put towards the village's hydro-electric project to generate electricity from the River Thames . The competition considered the depth of infrastructure and activity in the village and at Goring's £1 million hydro-electric plans. Goring-on-Thames was the winner in the Sustainability and Communications category and
1426-476: The area's status as a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Examples of historical architecture in the Chiltern region are preserved at the Chiltern Open Air Museum near Chalfont St Giles . This open-air folk museum contains reconstructed buildings which might otherwise have been destroyed or demolished as a result of redevelopment or road construction. The Chilterns include
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1472-486: The chalk aquifer is exploited via a network of pumping stations to provide a public supply for domestic consumption, agriculture and business uses, both within and well-beyond the Chilterns area. Over-exploitation has possibly led to the disappearance of some streams over long periods. In a region without building stone, local clay provided the raw materials for brick manufacture. Timber and flint were also used for construction. Mediaeval strip parishes reflected
1518-552: The diversity of land from clay farmland , through wooded slopes to downland. Their boundaries were often drawn to include a section of each type of land, resulting in an irregular county boundary. These have tended to be smoothed out by successive reorganisations. As people have come to appreciate the open country, the area has become a visitor destination and the National Trust has acquired land to preserve its character, for example at Ashridge , near Tring . In places, with
1564-545: The early 16th-century Dissolution of the Monasteries . The foundations of the priory church, cloister , dormitory, vestry , chapter house and parlour were excavated in 1892. Goring Free Church belongs to the Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion . The congregation was founded in 1788 and its first chapel built in 1793. At its centenary in 1893, a new church building was added and the original chapel converted into
1610-677: The exceptionally high sea level. The formation is thinner through the Chiltern Hills than the chalk strata to the north and south and deposition was tectonically controlled, with the Lilley Bottom structure playing a significant role at times. The Chalk Group, like the underlying Gault Clay and Upper Greensand , is diachronous . During the late stages of the Alpine Orogeny , as the African Plate collided with Eurasian Plate , Mesozoic extensional structures, such as
1656-444: The government confirmed that the landscape qualities of AONBs are equivalent to those of National Parks, and that the protection given to both types of area by the land use planning system should also be equivalent. The Chilterns Conservation Board was established by Parliamentary Order in July 2004. It is an independent body comprising 27 members drawn from the relevant local authorities and from those living in local communities within
1702-409: The main turnpike routes which coursed through the navigable valleys. The development of canals in the 18th century and railways in the 19th century encouraged settlement and the growth of High Wycombe , Tring , and Luton . Significant housing and industrial development took place in the first half of the 20th century and continued throughout the 20th century. In 1965 almost half of the Chiltern Hills
1748-721: The reduction of sheep grazing , action has been taken to maintain open downland by suppressing the natural growth of scrub and birch woodland. In the 1920s and 1930s, the Youth Hostels Association established several youth hostels for people visiting the hills. The hills have been used as a location for telecommunication relay stations such as Stokenchurch BT Tower and that at Zouches Farm . The Chilterns are an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) and so enjoys special protection from major developments, which should not take place in such areas except in exceptional circumstances. This protection applies to major development proposals that raise issues of national significance. In 2000
1794-406: The reign of Henry VI , the manor had been acquired by the Cheynes of Chenies who remained for over 300 years, before conveying the manor to the Duke of Bedford in 1735. Chesham Bois House, the site of the manor, was the subject of an archaeological excavation by television programme Time Team , which was broadcast in the United Kingdom on Channel 4 in March 2007. During the 1920s and 30s,
1840-482: The service with British Rail Class 387 electric trains, and because work on electrification from Didcot to Oxford has been suspended since 2019, the trains no longer run beyond Didcot Parkway. A separate diesel service runs between Didcot and Oxford. The local bus service between Goring and Wallingford is run by a Goring-based community interest company , Going Forward Buses , which was established in December 2016. The bus service to Wallingford runs hourly during
1886-546: The site for the biennial village fete. Although "two hundred years ago it was in the depths of the country, a small village with no more than twenty-four houses", today some of Chesham Bois merges into Amersham-on-the-Hill . Chiltern Hills The Chiltern Hills or the Chilterns are a chalk escarpment in southern England, northwest of London, covering 660 square miles (1,700 km ) across Oxfordshire , Buckinghamshire , Hertfordshire , and Bedfordshire , stretching 45 miles (72 km) from Goring-on-Thames in
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1932-504: The southwest to Hitchin in the northeast. The hills are 12 miles (19 km) at their widest. In 1965, almost half of the Chilterns was designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). The northwest boundary is clearly defined by the escarpment . The dip slope is by definition more gradual, and merges with the landscape to the southeast. The southwest endpoint is the River Thames . The hills decline slowly in prominence in northeast Bedfordshire. The chalk escarpment of
1978-423: The working day from Monday to Friday. The name Goring first appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Garinges , then as Garingies in a charter once held in the British Museum . It translates as "Gara's people". The Church of England parish church of St Thomas of Canterbury displays Norman architecture of the early 12th century, with the bell-stage of a bell tower added in the 15th century. This has
2024-522: Was designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). The western edge of the Chilterns is notable for ancient strip parishes , elongated parishes with villages in the flatter land below the escarpment, and woodland and summer pastures in the higher land. The hills have been used for their natural resources for millennia . The chalk has been quarried for the manufacture of cement, and flint for local building material. Beechwoods supplied furniture makers with quality hardwood . The area
2070-458: Was for a time, home to artist William Monk . The village contains two churches: the Anglican church of St. Leonard's (started in the 12th century) and the Roman Catholic Church of Our Lady of Perpetual Succour (built in 1915 and extended in 1953), which also houses the traditionalist Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter . Chesham Bois C of E School (1893) is located down Bois Lane, a mixed primary school with over 200 pupils. The Beacon School
2116-455: Was once (and still is to a lesser degree) renowned for its chair-making industry, centred on the towns of Chesham and High Wycombe (the nickname of Wycombe Wanderers Football Club is the Chairboys). Water was and remains a scarce resource in the Chilterns. Historically it was drawn from the aquifer via ponds , deep wells , occasional springs or bournes and chalk streams and rivers. The River Chess directly supplies watercress beds. Today
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