91-876: The Chicago Bee Building is a historic building on Chicago's South Side . It originally housed the Chicago Bee , a newspaper serving the African Americans of Chicago. The building now houses the Chicago Bee Branch of the Chicago Public Library . The building was named a Chicago Landmark on September 9, 1998. It is located in the Black Metropolis-Bronzeville District in the Douglas community area of Chicago , Illinois . The Chicago Bee
182-922: A CHA policy of construction of family housing only in black residential areas, concentrated on the South and West Sides. Historian Arnold R. Hirsch said the CHA was "a bulwark of segregation that helped sustain Chicago's 'second ghetto'". Gentrification of parts of the Douglas community area has bolstered the Black Metropolis-Bronzeville District . Gentrification in various parts of the South Side has displaced many black citizens. The South Side offers numerous housing cooperatives . Hyde Park has several middle-income co-ops and other South Side regions have limited equity (subsidized, price-controlled) co-ops. These regions experienced condominium construction and conversion in
273-633: A Y-interchange, where I-55 begins/ends. There was once an inverted SPUI north of I-55; however, the overpass became pedestrianized and became part of McCormick Place in the mid-1990s, leading to the closure of this interchange. That same year, northbound traffic on Lake Shore Drive shifted west onto its current configuration west of Soldier Field and Museum Campus . The controlled-access portion ceases between Waldron Drive and Monroe Drive and again at Chicago Avenue. Lake Shore Drive briefly becomes double-decked between Randolph Street and Grand Avenue. The upper deck facilitates expressway-like traffic, while
364-660: A cosmetics firm. Overton Hygienic went out of business in the early 1980s. In the mid-1990s, the building was reused as a branch of the Chicago Public Library. It is one of nine structures in the Black Metropolis-Bronzeville Historic District. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 30, 1986. South Side, Chicago The South Side is one of the three major sections of
455-442: A definite natural or artificial boundary. One source states that the boundary is Western Avenue or the railroad tracks adjacent to Western Avenue. This border extends further south to a former railroad right of way paralleling Beverly Avenue and then Interstate 57 . The Southwest Side of Chicago is a subsection of the South Side comprising mainly white, black, and Hispanic neighborhoods, usually dominated by one of these races. On
546-449: A flyover of Lake Shore Drive. Also, the medical drama ER has shot scenes at or near Lake Shore Drive over the show's 15 season run. The 1971 song " Lake Shore Drive " by Aliotta Haynes Jeremiah is a reference to the road. Styx mentions the road in their 1979 song "Borrowed Time" as well as "Back to Chicago" from 1990. The road is also mentioned in the 2005 Kanye West songs "Drive Slow" and "Grammy Family", as well as in his verse in
637-497: A former company town, Hyde Park Township, various platted communities and subdivisions were the results of such efforts. The Union Stock Yards , which were once located in the New City community area (#61), at one point employed 25,000 people and produced 82 percent of US domestic meat production. They were so synonymous with the city that for over a century they were part of the lyrics of Frank Sinatra 's " My Kind of Town ", in
728-530: A grid demarcating Madison Street as the east–west axis and State Street as the north–south axis. Madison is in the middle of the Loop. As a result, much of the downtown "Loop" district is south of Madison Street, and the river, but the Loop is usually excluded from any of the Sides. One definition has the South Side beginning at Roosevelt Road , at the Loop's southern boundary, with the community area known as
819-656: A large part of the housing supply during and after the Great Depression , especially in the "Black Belt". The South Side had a history of philanthropic subsidized housing dating back to 1919. The United States Congress passed the Housing Act of 1949 to fund and improve public housing. CHA produced a plan of citywide projects, which was rejected by the Chicago City Council 's white aldermen who opposed public housing in their wards. This led to
910-568: A larger city of Chicago. Lake View, Jefferson, Lake, Hyde Park Townships and the Austin portion of Cicero voted to be annexed by the city in the June 29, 1889, elections. After the Civil War freed millions of slaves, during Reconstruction black southerners migrated to Chicago and caused the black population to nearly quadruple from 4,000 to 15,000 between 1870 and 1890. In the 20th century,
1001-448: A pair of 90-degree turns) was known locally as the "S-Curve" or the "S-Turn" and was a bottleneck to drivers for many years until the 1980s reconstruction. Lake Shore Drive was extended from Belmont Avenue (3200n) north to Foster Avenue (5200n) in 1933, where it terminated until the 1950s when it was extended — first briefly to Bryn Mawr (5600n) and then in 1957 to its present terminus at Hollywood Avenue (5700n). The landfill used for
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#17327808753041092-481: A place of political controversy. Although the locations of some of these notable controversies have not become official landmarks, they remain important parts of Chicago history. The Chicago Race Riot of 1919 was the worst of the approximately 25 riots during the Red Summer of 1919 and required 6,000 National Guard troops. As mentioned above, segregation has been a political theme of controversy for some time on
1183-755: A political moniker. Though he often agreed with the reformers, he looked upon them with the same cynical eye as his fictional Chicago everyman, Slats Grobnik . A part of the Chicago Street Course uses Lakeshore Drive as a part of the track. Many films based in Chicago feature scenes on Lake Shore Drive, including Cheaper by the Dozen , Ferris Bueller's Day Off , The Blues Brothers , The Break-Up , Risky Business , Love Jones , My Best Friend's Wedding , Somewhere in Time and National Lampoon's Vacation . In When Harry Met Sally... ,
1274-579: Is a cornerstone of the city's Chinese community. The South Side offers many outdoor amenities, such as miles of public lakefront parks and beaches, as it borders Lake Michigan on its eastern side. Today's South Side is mostly a combination of the former Hyde Park and Lake Townships. Within these townships many had made speculative bets on future prosperity. Much of the South Side evolved from these speculative investments. Stephen A. Douglas , Paul Cornell , George Pullman and various business entities developed South Chicago real estate. The Pullman District ,
1365-598: Is a semi-limited access expressway that runs alongside the shoreline of Lake Michigan and its adjacent parkland and beaches in Chicago , Illinois . Except for the portion north of Foster Avenue (5200 North), the Drive is designated part of U.S. Highway 41 . A portion of the highway on the Outer Drive Bridge and its bridge approaches is multilevel . Between 1927 and 1946, the roadway's southern portion from
1456-1083: Is along Roosevelt Road , is the tallest building on the South Side. One Museum Park West , which is next door to One Museum Park, is another of Chicago's tallest . 1700 East 56th Street in Hyde Park is the tallest building south of 13th Street. This neighborhood hosts several other highrises. Many landmark buildings are found in the Black Metropolis-Bronzeville District, including Powhatan Apartments , Robie House and John J. Glessner House . The South Side has many of Chicago's premier places of worship such as Eighth Church of Christ, Scientist , First Church of Deliverance and K.A.M. Isaiah Israel Temple . The South Side has several landmark districts including two in Barack Obama 's Kenwood community area: Kenwood District , North Kenwood District and (partially) Hyde Park-Kenwood Historic District . The South Side hosts
1547-525: Is in Chicago , Cook County . All exits are unnumbered. Much of Chicago's shoreline is given over to public parks. The Drive, running through or alongside these parks, gives travelers views and access to these parks and their many amenities. In addition, the Chicago Lakefront Trail (abbreviated as LFT) is an 18-mile multi-use path that often runs in the parks near the Drive. It is popular with cyclists and joggers. From north to south,
1638-616: Is larger in area than the North and West Sides combined. Out of 77 community areas in the city, the South Side of Chicago comprises a total of 42 neighborhoods, with some divided into different regions of the area or consolidated into Chicago as part of the annexation of various townships within Cook County . The exact boundaries dividing the Southwest, South, and Southeast Sides vary by source. If primarily racial lines are followed,
1729-499: Is located on the South Side. Among the highways through the South Side are I-94 (which goes by the names Dan Ryan Expressway , Bishop Ford Freeway and Kingery Expressway on the South Side), I-90 (which goes by the names Dan Ryan Expressway and Chicago Skyway on the South Side), I-57 , I-55 , U.S. 12 , U.S. 20 and U.S. 41 . Several Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) bus and train lines and Metra train lines link
1820-864: Is located on the Southwest Side of the city, as are Beverly and Morgan Park , home to a large concentration of Irish Americans . With its factories, steel mills and meat-packing plants, the South Side saw a sustained period of immigration which began around the 1840s and continued through World War II . Irish , Italian , Polish , Lithuanian and Yugoslav immigrants, in particular, settled in neighborhoods adjacent to industrial zones. The Illinois Constitution gave rise to townships that provided municipal services in 1850. Several settlements surrounding Chicago incorporated as townships to better serve their residents. Growth and prosperity overburdened many local government systems. In 1889, most of these townships determined that they would be better off as part of
1911-538: Is used for slower local traffic and is connected to the street grid. The local drive runs from downtown in Streeterville to LaSalle Drive, (becoming Cannon Drive). Then the inner drive reappears just south of Diversey Parkway, continuing north to Irving Park Road. The portion from Belmont to just south of Irving Park was previously named Sheridan Road (which can still be seen carved in stone in at least one vintage high-rise). The Outer Drive Bridge , also known as
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#17327808753042002-543: The Beverly neighborhood along Western Avenue each year on the Sunday before St. Patrick's Day . The parade, which was founded in 1979, was at one time said to be the largest Irish neighborhood St. Patrick's celebration in the world outside of Dublin , Ireland , and was—until being scaled back in 2012—actually larger than Chicago's other St. Patrick's Day parade in the Loop. The South Side parade became such an event that it
2093-464: The Chicago Imagists . Music in Chicago flourished, with musicians bringing blues and gospel influences up from the South and creating a Chicago sound in blues and jazz that the city is still renowned for. The South Side was known for its R&B acts and the city as a while had successful rock acts. Many major and independent record companies had a presence in Chicago. In 1948, Blues
2184-642: The Chicago Landmark KAM Isaiah Israel . The Southwest Side's ethnic makeup also includes the largest concentration of Gorals ( Carpathian highlanders) outside of Europe; it is the location of the Polish Highlanders Alliance of North America . A large Mexican-American population resides in Little Village (South Lawndale) and areas south of 99th Street. The South Side Irish Parade occurs in
2275-625: The Chicago River to 57th Street was signed as Leif Ericson Drive after the Norse explorer . It was also nicknamed Field Boulevard . The entire route was resigned as Lake Shore Drive in 1946, and its scenic views of the waterfront, beaches, parks, towers and high-rises have become symbolic of Chicago . On June 25, 2021, the Chicago City Council approved a compromise ordinance renaming the outer portion of Lake Shore Drive for
2366-552: The Chicago Transit Authority , it hosts Midway International Airport , and includes several Metra rail commuter lines. There are portions of the U.S. Interstate Highway System and also national highways such as Lake Shore Drive . There is some debate as to the South Side's boundaries. Originally the sides were taken from the banks of the Chicago River. The city's address numbering system uses
2457-579: The Edgewater neighborhood. Outer Drive , signed as DuSable Lake Shore Drive, is a limited-access road that runs north from Marquette Drive in Jackson Park to Hollywood Avenue in the Edgewater neighborhood. The outer drive limits the ability of pedestrians to access the lake directly from the street grid. Trucks are prohibited on Outer Drive except for a section between I-55 and 31st Street. The original Inner Drive , signed as Lake Shore Drive,
2548-537: The Link Bridge , is the official name of the bridge carrying the Lake Shore Drive portion of US 41 over the main branch of the Chicago River . It is designed as a bascule bridge , and is one of only two in the city to have an upper and lower deck, both dedicated to automobile traffic (the other being on Michigan Avenue ). The Wells Street Bridge and Lake Street Bridge also have two levels, but
2639-525: The Museum of Science and Industry , located in the Palace of Fine Arts, one of the few remaining buildings from the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition , which was hosted in South Side. The South Side is the residence of other prominent black leaders such as Jesse Jackson and Louis Farrakhan . It is also where U.S. Congressman Bobby Rush , a former Black Panther leader, serves. The South Side has been
2730-951: The Near South Side immediately adjacent. Another definition, taking into account that much of the Near South Side is in effect part of the commercial district extending in an unbroken line from the South Loop, locates the boundary immediately south of 18th Street or Cermak Road , where Chinatown in the Armour Square community area begins. Lake Michigan and the Indiana state line provide eastern boundaries. The southern border changed over time because of Chicago's evolving city limits. The city limits are now at 138th Street, in Riverdale and Hegewisch . The South Side
2821-547: The 1930s extension was mostly dirt, but the 1950s extension included rubble and debris from the destruction of homes razed for the construction of the Congress Expressway (now the Eisenhower Expressway ). Portions of the drive between Irving Park Road and Foster Avenue still contain the original concrete from the 1930s but have been paved over in 2009. Prior to the extension to Hollywood, traffic
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2912-473: The 1940s. Other four-year educational institutions there are the Illinois Institute of Technology , St. Xavier University , Chicago State University , Illinois College of Optometry and Shimer College . The South Side also hosts community colleges such as Olive-Harvey College , Kennedy-King College and Richard J. Daley College . Chicago Public Schools operates the public schools on
3003-511: The 1970s and 1980s. In the late 20th century, the South Side had some of the poorest housing conditions in the U.S., but the Chicago Housing Authority (CHA) began replacing the old high-rise public housing with mixed-income , lower-density developments, part of the city's Plan for Transformation. Many of the CHA's massive public housing projects, which lined several miles of South State Street, have been demolished. Among
3094-465: The 1970s gangs returned to violence and the drug trade. By 2000, traditionally all-male gangs crossed gender lines to include about 20% females. By the 1930s, the city of Chicago boasted that over 25% of its residential structures were less than 10 years old, many of which were bungalows . These continued to be built in the working-class South Side into the 1960s. Studio apartments , with Murphy beds and kitchenettes or Pullman kitchens , comprised
3185-518: The 1993 proposal was reintroduced by 4th Ward Alderman David Moore and co-sponsored by ten others. Due to renewed national political attention to race relations following the May 2020 murder of George Floyd and subsequent civil unrest , which also impacted Chicago, the plan gained traction. In December 2020, a hearing on the proposal was held, but the vote was delayed to April 2021 due as Mayor Lori Lightfoot sought alternatives to honor du Sable. The plan
3276-539: The 2010s and the 2020s, IDOT, CDOT, and the Chicago Park District worked on a project (dubbed "Redefine the Drive") to reconstruct a portion of Lake Shore Drive north of downtown, citing traffic congestion, deteriorating infrastructure, and safety issues. The project also sought to expand the lakefront as well as adding amenities to the lakefront (including the Lakefront Trail ) and straightening
3367-621: The Boost Mobile promotional single "Whole City Behind Us." The song "Lake Shore Drive" by Art Porter Jr. is also about the famous road. It is also mentioned in Fall Out Boy 's song, "Lake Effect Kid": "joke us, joke us 'till Lake Shore Drive comes back into focus." Lake Shore Drive is also featured in the 1999 Microsoft game Midtown Madness . In the Electronic Arts NASCAR video game series, 2005: Chase for
3458-618: The Bronzeville neighborhood, through the main portion of the South Side. Neighborhood rehabilitation, and in some cases, gentrification, can be seen in parts of Washington Park , Woodlawn (#42) and Bronzeville, as well as in Bridgeport and McKinley Park. Historic Pullman 's redevelopment is another example of a work in progress. Chinatown is located on the South Side and has seen a surge in growth. It has become an increasingly popular destination for both tourists and locals alike and
3549-520: The Chicago Park District spent $ 350,000 on plans for new marinas along Lake Shore Drive, including one at Devon-Granville, and in July 2005, Cong. Jan Schakowsky (IL-9) obtained federal funding reported variously as $ 800,000 and $ 1 million for a study of the possible extension of the Chicago North lakefront path; both of these developments fueled residents' suspicion of a secret city plan to extend
3640-529: The Dan Ryan divided Daley's own neighborhood, the traditionally Irish Bridgeport, from Bronzeville. The economic conditions that led to migration into the South Side were not sustained. Mid-century industrial restructuring in meat packing and the steel industry cost many jobs. Blacks who became educated and achieved middle-class jobs also left after the Civil Rights Movement to other parts of
3731-648: The Drive. The controversy remained an issue through the 2007 aldermanic election in the 49th Ward. In 2008, proposals by Friends of the Parks to extend the lakefront park system north, possibly through offshore manmade islands linked by bike paths, met with similar resident opposition. Despite statements by FOP that no extension of the Drive was contemplated, activists contended that the Park District "has plans already drawn up that clearly show Lake Shore Drive immediately east of" Edgewater and Rogers Park. Throughout
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3822-454: The S-curve near Oak Street Beach. Organizations like Active Transportation Alliance emphasized the need to make the lakefront more welcoming to pedestrians and cyclists, suggesting that Lake Shore Drive be downsized. One proposal put forward in 2017 was to place the straightened S‑curve underground. In the fall of 2020, planners narrowed the lane configuration options down to 5: keep
3913-666: The South Side as exhibited by Hansberry v. Lee , 311 U.S. 32 (1940). President Obama announced in 2015 that the Barack Obama Presidential Center would be built adjacent the University of Chicago campus. Both Washington Park and Jackson Park were considered and it was announced in July 2016 that it would be built in Jackson Park. The South Side is served by mass transit as well as roads and highways. Midway International Airport
4004-463: The South Side can generally be divided into a White and Hispanic Southwest Side, a largely Black South Side and a smaller, more racially diverse Southeast Side centered on the East Side community area and including the adjacent community areas of South Chicago , South Deering and Hegewisch . The differing interpretations of the boundary between the South and Southwest Sides are due to a lack of
4095-632: The South Side such as Hansberry v. Lee , 311 U.S. 32 (1940), went to the U. S. Supreme Court . The case, which reset the limitations of res judicata , successfully challenged racial restrictions in the Washington Park Subdivision by reopening them for legal argument. Blacks resided in Bronzeville (around 35th and State Streets) in an area called "the Black Belt". After World War II , blacks spread across
4186-653: The South Side to rest of the city. The South Side is served by the Red , Green and Orange lines of the CTA and the Rock Island District , Metra Electric and South Shore Metra lines and a few stops on the SouthWest Service Metra line. Standard local metropolitan bus service and CTA express service bus routes provide service to the Loop. Chicago's African American community, concentrated on
4277-546: The South Side's Bridgeport community area, which also produced two other Chicago Mayors. University of Chicago Lab School , affiliated with the University of Chicago, is a private school located there. The South Side is home to many official landmarks and other notable buildings and structures. It hosts three of the four Chicago Registered Historic Places from the original October 15, 1966 National Register of Historic Places list ( Chicago Pile-1 , Robie House and Lorado Taft Midway Studios ). One Museum Park , which
4368-421: The South Side, descendants of earlier immigrants, such as ethnic Irish, began to move out. Later housing pressures and civic unrest caused more whites to leave the area and the city. Older residents of means moved to newer suburban housing as new migrants entered the city, driving further demographic changes. The South Side was racially segregated for many decades. During the 1920s and 1930s, housing cases on
4459-561: The South Side, experienced an artistic movement from the 1930s until the 1960s. The movement was concentrated in and around the Hyde Park community area. Prominent writers and artists included Gwendolyn Brooks , Margaret Burroughs , Elizabeth Catlett , Eldzier Cortor , Gordon Parks , and Richard Wright . Other Chicago Black Renaissance artists included Willard Motley , William Attaway , Frank Marshall Davis , and Margaret Walker . St. Clair Drake and Horace R. Cayton represented
4550-456: The South Side, including DuSable High School , Simeon Career Academy , John Hope College Prep High School and Phillips Academy High School . The De La Salle Institute , located in the Douglas community area across the street from Chicago Police Department headquarters, has taught five Chicago Mayors : Richard J. Daley , Michael A. Bilandic , Martin H. Kennelly , Frank J. Corr and Richard M. Daley . Three of these mayors hail from
4641-510: The South Side; its center, east, and western portions. The Black Belt arose from discriminatory real estate practices by whites against blacks and other racial groups. In the early 1960s, during the tenure of then Mayor Richard J. Daley , the construction of the Dan Ryan Expressway created controversy. Many perceived the highway's location as an intentional physical barrier between white and black neighborhoods, particularly as
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#17327808753044732-424: The Southwest Side exclusively, the northern portion has a high concentration of Hispanics, the western portion has a high concentration of whites, and the eastern portion has a high concentration of blacks. Architecturally, the Southwest Side is distinguished by the tract of Chicago's Bungalow Belt, which runs through it. Archer Heights , a Polish enclave along Archer Avenue , which leads toward Midway Airport ,
4823-707: The Yards , Bridgeport , and Pullman host more blue collar and middle-class residents, while Hyde Park , the Jackson Park Highlands District , Kenwood , Beverly , Mount Greenwood , and west Morgan Park range from middle class to more affluent residents. The South Side boasts a broad array of cultural and social offerings, such as professional sports teams, landmark buildings, museums, educational institutions, medical institutions, beaches, and major parts of Chicago's parks system. The South Side has numerous bus routes and 'L' train lines via
4914-486: The bridge South of the river. LSD came from the south on its current alignment, but continued straight at the curve north of Monroe Street, rising onto a viaduct. It intersected Randolph Street at grade and then continued north above the Illinois Central Railroad 's yard. At the river, it made a sharp turn to the right, and another sharp turn to the left onto the bridge. This reverse curve (actually
5005-567: The city of Chicago , Illinois, United States. Geographically, it is the largest of the three sections of the city, with the other two being the North and West Sides . It radiates and lies south of the city's downtown area, the Chicago Loop . Much of the South Side came from the city's annexation of townships such as Hyde Park . The city's Sides have historically been divided by the Chicago River and its branches. The South Side of Chicago
5096-590: The city's conference business with various convention centers . The current McCormick Place Convention Center is the largest convention center in the U.S. and the third largest in the world. Previously, the South Side hosted conventions at the Chicago Coliseum and the International Amphitheatre . The Ford City Mall and the surrounding shopping district includes several big-box retailers . The South Side has been home to some of
5187-440: The city's first non-indigenous settler, Jean Baptiste Pointe du Sable . The Lakefront Trail , an 18-mile (29 km) multi-use trail, parallels Lake Shore Drive on the east side for most of its length. Pedestrians can access the lake at numerous points all along Lake Shore Drive through underpasses and overpasses that connect the lake with the city's lakefront neighborhoods. The southern portion of Lake Shore Drive begins at
5278-494: The city. Street gangs have been prominent in some South Side neighborhoods for over a century, beginning with those of Irish immigrants, who established the first territories in a struggle against other European and black migrants. Some other neighborhoods stayed relatively safe for a big city. By the 1960s, gangs such as the Vice Lords began to improve their public image, shifting from criminal ventures to operating social programs funded by government and private grants. However, in
5369-459: The clock to remove the vehicles and clear the roadway, and Lake Shore Drive was reopened just before dawn on February 3, 2011. A thirty-year development plan estimated to cost $ 4 billion was approved by Chicago in September 2010, for the former site of the US Steel plant in South Chicago , which operated along the neighborhood's shoreline from 1880 to 1992, and which has undergone extensive demolition and environmental remediation since; included in
5460-539: The existing lanes except for the addition of queue jump lane , add a bus lane (the "Addition"), turn the left lane into a bus lane (the "Exchange"), turn the left lane into toll lane (the "Flex"), and turn two left lanes into toll lanes (the "Double Flex"). The Drive connects the following Chicago community areas from South to North: South Shore ; Woodlawn ; Hyde Park ; Kenwood ; Oakland ; Douglas ; Near South Side ; The Loop ; Near North Side ; Lincoln Park ; Lake View ; Uptown ; and Edgewater . The entire route
5551-404: The first black Mayor of Chicago , as well as groundbreaking Congressman William L. Dawson , achieved political success from the South Side. The University of Chicago is one of the world's leading universities, counting 97 affiliated Nobel laureates . At Chicago Pile-1 at the university, the first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction was achieved under the direction of Enrico Fermi in
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#17327808753045642-443: The intersection of Ewing Avenue (US 41), Harbor Avenue, and Mackinaw Avenue. Lake Shore Drive runs through the former South Works steel plant as a four-lane divided highway, effectively bypassing the built-up area in South Chicago . Lake Shore Drive ends at the intersection of 79th Street and South Shore Drive; US 41 continues north through South Shore via South Shore Drive. The main section of Lake Shore Drive begins at
5733-419: The intersection of Jeffery Drive and Marquette Drive. After 57th Street, Lake Shore Drive becomes an expressway. Exits to Hyde Park Boulevard and 53rd Street are only accessible for southbound traffic. The interchange design at 47th Street is unusual as traffic would exit or enter on the left side of northbound Lake Shore Drive instead of on the right side. South of McCormick Place , Lake Shore Drive meets I-55 at
5824-458: The largest were the Robert Taylor Homes . Some census tracts (4904 in Roseland , 7106 in Auburn Gresham ) are 99% black. The South Side covers over 50% of the city's land area alone. It has a higher ratio of single-family homes and larger sections zoned for industry than the North or West Sides. Hyde Park is home to the University of Chicago , as well as the South Side's largest Jewish population, centered on Chicago's oldest synagogue ,
5915-481: The lower deck facilitates local traffic. After intersecting with Chicago Avenue, Lake Shore Drive travels in a sharp reverse curve at Oak Street Beach before returning to controlled-access once again. In Uptown , three diamond interchanges are spaced 1 ⁄ 4 mile (0.40 km) apart. US 41 leaves Lake Shore Drive at an interchange with Foster Avenue. The expressway continues north, serving Bryn Mawr Avenue, before ending at Hollywood Avenue/Sheridan Road in
6006-414: The most significant figures in the history of American politics. These include Richard J. Daley and his son, Richard M. Daley ; the first black U.S. President , Barack Obama and former first lady Michelle Obama ; the first black female U.S. Senator , Carol Moseley Braun ; and the first black presidential candidate to win a primary, Jesse Jackson . Before them, Harold Washington , a Congressman and
6097-400: The name change, with a majority of white residents critical of the plan and a majority of non-white residents in support. This divide was reflected in the Council vote: the ordinance received predominantly non-white aldermanic support, while two-thirds of the aldermen in opposition were white. By contrast to the 2010s southern extension, the extension of Lake Shore Drive to the north has been
6188-407: The new wave of intellectual expression in literature by depicting the culture of the urban ghetto rather than the culture of blacks in the South in the monograph Black Metropolis . In 1961, Burroughs founded the DuSable Museum of African American History . By the late 1960s the South Side had a robost art movement led by Jim Nutt , Gladys Nilsson , Karl Wirsum and others, who became known as
6279-399: The newspaper went out of business. The cosmetics firm continued to occupy the building until the early 1980s. The City of Chicago purchased the building and it is now a Chicago Public Library. It originally had upper-floor apartments. It also housed the offices of the Douglass National Bank and the Overton Hygienic Company , during the 1930s. The Overton Hygienic Company was nationally known as
6370-441: The northbound lane ran on the east side of Soldier Field while the southbound lane ran on the west side. On March 20, 2003, some 15,000 anti-war protesters marched along Lake Shore Drive the day after the United States invasion of Iraq , stopping all traffic for several hours. The spontaneous direct action occurred after the original protest route through downtown Chicago, as planned by the Chicago Coalition Against War & Racism,
6461-485: The numbers expanded with the Great Migration , as blacks left the agrarian South seeking a better future in the industrial North, including the South Side. By 1910, the black population in Chicago reached 40,000, with 78% residing in the Black Belt. Extending 30 blocks, mostly between 31st and 55th Streets, along State Street , but only a few blocks wide, it developed into a vibrant community dominated by black businesses, music, food and culture. As more blacks moved into
6552-421: The parks are Lincoln Park , Grant Park , Burnham Park and Jackson Park . In the 20th century, the tiny neighborhoods near Lake Shore Drive came to be occupied by exclusive high-rise apartments, condominiums and co-op buildings. To the political columnist Mike Royko , Lake Shore Drive was goo-goo territory, a land occupied by Chicago's wealthy "good-government" types. Royko sometimes used Lake Shore Drive as
6643-441: The phrase: "The Union Stock Yard, Chicago is ..." The Union Stock Yard Gate marking the old entrance to stockyards was designated a Chicago Landmark on February 24, 1972, and a National Historic Landmark on May 29, 1981. Other South Side regions have been known for great wealth, such as Prairie Avenue . 21st century redevelopment includes One Museum Park and One Museum Park West . The South Side accommodates much of
6734-407: The plan was an extension of Lake Shore Drive through the property. This extension opened at 9 am October 27, 2013. As early as 1993, a proposal to rename Lake Shore Drive in honor of du Sable was backed by former Aldermen Toni Preckwinkle (4th Ward) and Madeline Haithcock (2nd Ward). However, this plan was rejected by former Mayor Richard M. Daley , who cited its high cost. In October 2019,
6825-613: The present-day feeder ramp, connecting to present-day Bishop Ford Freeway. An I-494 proposal was also considered around the same time for the Crosstown Expressway . In 1966, the I-494 designation was relocated to the Crosstown Expressway. At the same time, further extensions and upgrades on the freeway were canceled. When Wacker Drive was extended east to LSD in the 1970s, its upper level ended at LSD at
6916-556: The southbound side opened in November 1986. A new lower level was built, using the lower level of the bridge, and providing access to the new Wacker Drive and the roads on the north side of the river. The old road south of Randolph became the Richard and Annette Bloch Cancer Survivors Garden : the east–west part was reconstructed as part of Wacker Drive (which was being rebuilt at the time). The rest, between Randolph and Wacker,
7007-472: The subject of controversy in recent years. In 2004, a private foundation solicited plans, and the Chicago Park District considered a feasibility study, to extend Lake Shore Drive farther north through Rogers Park and into Evanston . Residents protested against cutting neighborhoods off from the lake, and Rogers Park and Edgewater voters rejected the extension in a referendum placed on the ballot by citizen initiative in November 2004. However, in spring 2005,
7098-569: The title characters are seen taking Lake Shore Drive in the opposite compass direction to that which their origin point and destination would require. In television, Lake Shore Drive is seen in AT&;T's / "The New Cingular's" "Weight" ad with the ad's protagonist driving south along Lake Shore Drive towards the John Hancock Building . The opening credits of the late 1980s and early 1990s sitcom Married... with Children features
7189-505: The upper level is for elevated train traffic into the Loop . The Link Bridge was constructed in 1937. At the time of its construction, it was considered to be both the widest and longest bascule bridge in the world. Lake Shore Drive's origins date back to Potter Palmer , who coerced the city to build the street adjacent to his lakefront property to enhance its value. Palmer built his " castle " at 1350 N. Lake Shore Drive in 1882. The drive
7280-538: The west curve (the lower level dead-ended underneath). A new development at the northeast corner of the Randolph Street intersection resulted in an extension of Randolph across LSD. Construction began in 1982 on a realignment of LSD south of the river (along with a reconstruction north of the river). A whole new alignment was built, greatly smoothing the S-curve. The northbound side opened in October 1985, and
7371-560: Was also amended to reduce the price tag, only renaming the Outer Drive from Hollywood Avenue to 67th Street. In late April 2021, this amended plan was reported favorably out of committee. A full Council vote was expected to take place in late May, but this was delayed further to late June due to Lightfoot's opposition. In late June, the proposal was passed by the City Council, 33-15. Polls indicated racial polarization around
7462-677: Was blocked by law enforcement. Approximately 900 marchers were arrested and a City Council investigation was held before all charges were dropped. During the Groundhog Day Blizzard , Lake Shore Drive had to be closed because of the large amount of snow present on the roadway. The city estimated 900 vehicles became stuck on Lake Shore Drive, with the Associated Press reporting approximately 1,500 vehicles stuck. Hundreds of motorists had become stranded on Lake Shore Drive, some for as long as 12 hours. Crews worked around
7553-534: Was broadcast on Chicago's CBS affiliate . Following the 2009 parade, organizers stated the group was "not planning to stage a parade in its present form". The parade was cancelled in 2010 and 2011 before being revived with more strict security and law enforcement. The Bud Billiken Parade and Picnic , the second largest parade in the U.S. and the nation's largest black parade, runs annually on Martin Luther King Drive between 31st and 51st Streets in
7644-599: Was founded by the African American entrepreneur Anthony Overton in 1926. This building was Overton's affirmation of his confidence in the viability of the State Street Commercial district. This three-story building was one of the most picturesque in the district, and the one designed in the Art Deco style of the 1920s. All of Overton's enterprises shared this building until the early 1940s when
7735-477: Was funneled onto Foster, then north onto Sheridan Road, which still remains a wide 4-lane street to this day, though most traffic doesn't rejoin Sheridan until LSD ends at Hollywood Avenue now. Sheridan Road south of Foster narrows to 2 lanes of traffic with street parking on each side as well. In the 1950s and 1960s, Illinois and Cook County presented plans for an Interstate 494 to run along part of LSD. I-494
7826-640: Was initially planned to run from the Chicago Skyway at Stony Island Avenue to the Kennedy Expressway at the Ohio Street feeder ramp. The freeway would travel along Stony Island Avenue, Lake Shore Drive, and Ohio Street, bisecting Jackson Park in the process. Later, it was planned to connect south towards the currently-named Bishop Ford Freeway. The extension of a proposed freeway would have continued south along Stony Island Avenue, including
7917-408: Was introduced by Aristocrat Records (later Chess Records ). Muddy Waters and Chess Records quickly followed with Chuck Berry , Bo Diddley , Little Walter , Jimmy Rogers , and Howlin' Wolf . Lake Shore Drive Lake Shore Drive (officially Jean Baptiste Pointe du Sable Lake Shore Drive ; also known as DuSable Lake Shore Drive , the Outer Drive , the Drive , LSD or DLSD )
8008-530: Was kept for several years as Field Boulevard but was demolished in 1994. Only some old street lighting, sidewalks & fire hydrants remain, marking the former route. Current plans are for new upper-level streets in the area as part of the Lakeshore East development. On November 10, 1996, new northbound lanes opened next to the original southbound lanes at Soldier Field , eliminating the original wide median from 1943. Prior to this 1996 reconstruction,
8099-597: Was never used until LSD was rebuilt in 1986. At the time the bridge was built, it was the longest and widest bascule bridge in the world. The Lake Shore Drive (Outer Drive) and Link Bridge Photograph Album, c1937, documents the bridge's construction. The album is held by the Ryerson & Burnham Libraries at the Art Institute of Chicago . North of the river, LSD intersected Ohio Street at grade, and then passed over Grand Avenue and Illinois Street on its way to
8190-494: Was originally defined as all of the city south of the main branch of the Chicago River, but it now excludes the Loop. The South Side has a varied ethnic composition and a great variety of income levels and other demographic measures. It has a reputation for crime, although most crime is contained within certain neighborhoods, not throughout the South Side itself, and residents range from affluent to middle class to poor. South Side neighborhoods such as Armour Square , Back of
8281-490: Was originally intended for leisurely strolls for the wealthy in their carriages, but as the auto age dawned it took on a different role completely. In 1937, the double-decker Link Bridge (officially the Outer Drive Bridge) over the Chicago River opened, along with viaducts over rail yards and other industrial areas connecting to both ends of it. The lower level was intended for a railroad connection, but it
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