Klamath ( / ˈ k l æ m ə θ / ), also Klamath–Modoc ( / ˈ k l æ m ə θ ˈ m oʊ d ɒ k / ) and historically Lutuamian ( / ˌ l uː t u ˈ æ m i ə n / ), is a Native American language spoken around Klamath Lake in what is now southern Oregon and northern California . It is the traditional language of the Klamath and Modoc peoples, each of whom spoke a dialect of the language. By 1998, only one native speaker remained, and by 2003, this last fluent Klamath speaker who was living in Chiloquin, Oregon , was 92 years old. As of 2006 there were no fluent native speakers of either the Klamath or Modoc dialects; however, as of 2019, revitalization efforts are underway with the goal of creating new speakers.
19-473: Chiloquin ( / ˈ tʃ ɪ l ə k w ɪ n / CHIL -ə-kwin ) ( Klamath : mbosaksawaas , "flint place" ) is a city in Klamath County , Oregon , United States. Chiloquin was the pioneer version of a Klamath family name Chaloquin , which was the name of a Klamath chief who was alive at the time of the treaty of 1864. Southern Pacific records also show that a woman named Bessie Chiloquin deeded
38-556: A given area (city, region, country, etc.) in a specified year. In many countries, per capita income is determined using regular population surveys, such as the American Community Survey . This allows the calculation of per capita income for both the country as a whole and specific regions or demographic groups. However, comparing per capita income across different countries is often difficult, since methodologies, definitions and data quality can vary greatly. Since
57-517: A right-of-way through the area to the railroad on February 14, 1914. The population was 734 at the 2010 census . Chiloquin is at an elevation of 4,180 feet (1,270 m) in Klamath County. The city is slightly east of U.S. Route 97 and slightly north of its intersection with Oregon Route 62 . A short east–west highway, Oregon Route 422 , links Route 97 at Chiloquin to Route 62 slightly south of Klamath Agency . By highway, Chiloquin
76-485: Is a member of the Plateau Penutian language family , which is in turn a branch of the proposed Penutian language family. Like other proposed Penutian languages, Plateau Penutian languages are rich in ablaut , much like Indo-European and Afro-Asiatic languages. Further evidence for this classification includes some consonant correspondences between Klamath and other alleged Penutian languages. For example,
95-539: Is about 26 miles (42 km) north of Klamath Falls and 253 miles (407 km) south of Portland . The Williamson River flows north–south through Chiloquin, where it receives the Sprague River from the east. The city is near the Winema National Forest , which approaches it from the east and west. Agency Lake is nearby, west of the city and slightly west of Route 62. According to
114-414: Is an exception, and there is evidence suggesting this is a consequence of a recent sound change . Albert Samuel Gatschet recorded geminated /sː/ in the late 19th century, but this sound was consistently recorded as degeminated /s/ by M. A. R. Barker in the 1960s. Sometime after Gatschet recorded the language and before Barker did the same, */sː/ may have degeminated into /s/ . Klamath word order
133-424: Is conditioned by pragmatics. There is no clearly defined verb phrase or noun phrase. Alignment is nominative–accusative, with nominal case marking also distinguishing adjectives from nouns. Many verbs obligatorily classify an absolutive case. There are directive and applicative constructions. Per capita income Per capita income ( PCI ) or average income measures the average income earned per person in
152-683: The Guinness Book of World Records , the longest hobby railway system in the world. It includes a railway museum, 25 miles (40 km) of total track, and trains that a person can straddle and ride. Collier Memorial State Park is about 3 miles (5 km) north of Chiloquin along Route 97. Kla-Mo-Ya Casino and Travel Center, owned and operated by the Klamath Tribes, is about 2 miles (3 km) south of Chiloquin along Route 97. [REDACTED] Media related to Chiloquin, Oregon at Wikimedia Commons Klamath language Klamath
171-615: The United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 0.82 square miles (2.12 km), all of it land. This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Chiloquin has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate , abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps. In the spring and summer, this area experiences extremely large swarms of
190-479: The census of 2010, there were 734 people, 281 households, and 179 families living in the city. The population density was 895.1 inhabitants per square mile (345.6/km). There were 356 housing units at an average density of 434.1 per square mile (167.6/km). The racial makeup of the city was 49.2% Native American , 40.7% White , 0.1% African American , 0.4% Asian , 0.5% from other races , and 9.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.5% of
209-783: The poverty line , including 42.3% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over. Chiloquin High School , for students in grades 7 through 12, is in the city, as is Chiloquin Elementary, for students in kindergarten through grade 6. As of 2002, the four largest employers in Chiloquin were Weyerhaeuser (plywood, pressed board), Jeld-Wen (windows, door frames), Klamath Tribes (management, health services), and Klamath County Schools. The Train Mountain Miniature Railroad in Chiloquin is, according to
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#1732764812334228-498: The "Klamath Midge", Chironomus an insect family of nonbiting midges, in the fly Order Diptera. They do not present a health risk but due to their numbers - with swarms of thousands - they can clog car radiators, obscure windshields, and foul electric bug zappers to the point of shorting out. No major efforts to control their numbers have been made in Oregon, according to Oregon Encyclopedia. Klamath midge (oregonencyclopedia.org) As of
247-451: The 1990s, the OECD has conducted regular surveys among its 38 member countries using a standardized methodology and set of questions. Per capita income is often used to measure a sector's average income and compare the wealth of different populations. Per capita income is also often used to measure a country's standard of living . When used to compare income levels of different countries, it
266-591: The Proto- Yokuts retroflexes */ʈ ʈʼ/ correspond to Klamath /tʃ tʃʼ/ , and the Proto-Yokuts dentals */t̪ t̪ʰ t̪ʼ/ correspond to the Klamath alveolars /t tʰ tʼ/ . Plosives in Klamath, aside from /ʔ/, come in triplets of unaspirated , aspirated, and ejective sounds. Sonorant triplets are voiced , voiceless, and glottalized sounds. Most consonants can be geminated . The fricative /s/
285-510: The age of 18 living with them, 39.3% were married couples living together, 21.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 32.3% were non-families, 24.1% were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.34. The age distribution was 34.9% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 23.6% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
304-520: The city. The population density was 890.1 inhabitants per square mile (343.7/km). There were 290 housing units at an average density of 360.5 per square mile (139.2/km). According to responses provided by Chiloquin residents who participated in the census, the demographic makeup of the city was 51.54% Native American, 42.60% White, 5.31% Hispanic or Latino of any race, 0.14% Asian, and 1.26% from other races. About 4.5% were from two or more races. There were 257 households, out of which 40.5% had children under
323-440: The population. There were 281 households, of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.3% were married couples living together, 19.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.3% were non-families. 31.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
342-423: Was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.26. The median age in the city was 41.9 years. 27% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.6% were from 25 to 44; 30.9% were from 45 to 64; and 15% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.6% male and 51.4% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 716 people, 257 households, and 173 families living in
361-408: Was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.6 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 20,688, and the median income for a family was $ 21,250. Males had a median income of $ 29,167 versus $ 18,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 9,604. About 33.5% of families and 31.2% of the population were below
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