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58-582: Stretching parallel to the Amur–Yakutsk Mainline railway, the highway takes its name from the Lena River , which runs more or less north–south in this part of Siberia . The road's southern terminus is at the village of Never near Skovorodino, where it intersects the R297 highway at a cloverleaf junction . With Yakutsk situated entirely on the west bank of Lena, and the road running on the east bank,

116-675: A 192 km long river flowing to the Sea of Okhotsk , passes the city. The city is located on the isthmus of the Staritsky Peninsula by the Nagaev Bay . Ecologically situated in the Northeast Siberian taiga , the town's arboreal flora is made up of conifer trees, such as firs and larches , and silver birches . The city is surrounded by mountains to the west and northeast. Permafrost and tundra cover most of

174-659: A base for the Soviet Navy during the Cold War. It has a number of cultural institutions, including the Regional Museum of Anthropology, a geological museum, a regional library and a university. Magadanskaya Pravda is the main newspaper. The town figures prominently in the gulag literature of Varlam Shalamov and in the eponymous song by Mikhail Krug . Actor of film and stage Georgiy Zhzhonov worked at Magadan Theatre for two years after being released from

232-519: A bridge across the Kerch Strait . Construction of a road bridge over the River Lena to Yakutsk was approved by president Vladimir Putin on 9 Nov 2019. Cost of the 3.2 kilometres (2.0 mi) bridge and its 10.9 kilometres (6.8 mi) of approaches was estimated at 63.7 billion Rubles (83 billion rubles including VAT [НДС]), of which a grant of 54.2 billion Rubles was to be provided, with

290-489: A bridge. Construction of a tunnel in permafrost also posed engineering challenges. In July 2013, the federal road agency, Rosavtodor requested a tender to build a three-kilometer road-only bridge over the river connecting Yakutsk to the A360 Lena highway , expecting a cost of $ 1.7 bn/56 bn RUB, and a 6-year construction period. This was cancelled due to funding being transferred to the new Crimean Bridge . In 2015, it

348-596: A gulag in May 1945. Magadan was home to Eastern Syndrome  [ ru ] a famous Soviet and Russian rock group founded there in 1986. The town was a focal point of the Long Way Round TV series of a motorcycle journey made by Ewan McGregor , Charley Boorman and their team in 2004. The town features the recent Orthodox Cathedral of the Life-Giving Trinity (completed in 2008), and

406-717: A significant role in transportation with the Port of Magadan and Sokol Airport . The local economy relies on gold mining and fisheries, although gold production has declined. The town has various cultural institutions and religious establishments, such as the Orthodox Holy Trinity Cathedral  [ ru ] and the Roman Catholic Church of the Nativity . The Mask of Sorrow memorial commemorates Stalin's victims. Magadan experiences

464-654: A subarctic climate with prolonged and cold winters, causing the soil to remain permanently frozen. Magadan was founded in 1930 in the Ola (river) valley, near the settlement of Nagayevo . During the Stalin era, Magadan was a major transit centre for political prisoners sent to forced labour camps. From 1932 to 1953, it was the administrative centre of the Dalstroy organisation—a vast forced-labour gold-mining operation and forced-labour camp system. The first director of Dalstroy

522-520: Is at this point more than 2 km wide, has a number of side streams, and can flood the valley to a width of up to 10 km during the snowmelt in spring. There is currently no bridge of any kind across the Lena in the Sakha Republic. Air travel is currently the only mode of transport to Yakutsk available year-round; land transport to the outside world is possible via ferry in summer, or by driving across

580-509: Is located on the isthmus of the Staritsky Peninsula by the Nagaev Bay ; it serves as a gateway to the Kolyma region. Magadan, founded in 1929, was a major transit centre for political prisoners during the Stalin era and the administrative centre of the Dalstroy forced-labor gold-mining operation. The town later served as a port for exporting gold and other metals and was visited by U.S. Vice President Henry Wallace in 1944. Magadan plays

638-532: Is planned in the long term to form the start of a railway towards Magadan and possibly even across the Bering Strait . The line is single-track, excepting the double-track section from Tynda to Bestuzhevo, which is shared with the Baikal–Amur Mainline (BAM). The full length of the line is not electrified. As in most of Siberia, the construction and operation of the railway are complicated by

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696-464: Is still well below the allocated quotas, apparently as a result of an aging fleet. Other local industries include pasta and sausage plants, and a distillery. Although farming is difficult owing to the harsh climate, there are many public and private farming enterprises. The Central Intelligence Agency wrote a report on Ship Repair Yard No. 2 near Magadan in June 1965. Magadan was repeatedly reported as

754-688: The Aldan River at kilometer 767. Beyond Tommot station, the railway crosses the Aldan on a 350-metre-long (1,150-foot) bridge, the longest on the line (except for the planned bridge over the Lena). From here, the line continues to the settlement of Verkhnyaya Amga (station simply named Amga ), where it crosses the Amga River . Provisional goods services began to Amga in 2006, with construction trains travelling as far as Kharbykan. Construction reached

812-578: The Aldan River in Tommot , at 400 metres (1,300 ft) wide at this point the largest river on the planned route besides the Lena , was completed in the 1990s, although not initially used. A further section of around 60 km was under construction when financial problems halted the project. Construction resumed in 2005, with construction traffic able to operate through to Kharbykan by the start of 2007. Cargo traffic currently operates as far as Amga. In early 2009

870-679: The Baikal–Amur Mainline near Tynda and continuing along the BAM for 27 kilometres (17 miles) before branching northwards at Bestuzhevo. The line in this section crosses the Gilyuy River twice. Shortly after entering the Sakha Republic , the line passes through the 1,300-metre-long (4,300-foot) Nagorny tunnel under the Stanovoy Range . In the highlands of southern Sakha Republic, the line crosses numerous further rivers, including

928-608: The Berkakit–Tommot–Yakutsk Line ), and the majority of the town's workforce is employed either in management or maintenance of the railway. To the north of Neryungri, the railway crosses the Aldan Highlands , before reaching Aldan at kilometre 686, where the main offices of the Yakutia Railways are located. The current terminus of the operating section of the line is Tommot , on the right bank of

986-472: The Federal Road Agency requested a tender to build a three-kilometer road-only bridge over the river, expecting a cost of $ 1.7 bn/56 bn RUB, and a 6-year construction period. The winner was planned to be announced in spring 2014. According to the plans of construction of the bridge across the Lena, it was to begin in 2014 and end in 2020, but it was postponed due to the perceived need of building

1044-555: The Kolyma region , Magadan and even Chukotka , and a Bering Strait crossing , which would link Russia with the United States . The Russian government in 2011 approved the construction of a US$ 65 billion Siberia-Alaska rail link and a tunnel across the Bering Strait . Plans were announced in May 2012 by the governor of Magadan Oblast to extend the railway 1800 km eastwards of Yakutsk to Moma and onwards to Magadan with construction scheduled to begin in 2016, according to

1102-472: The Pacific Ocean to the east. Although it is a federal highway, it was just a dirt road until 2014. When frozen in the winter, this made for an excellent surface, and the posted speed limit was 70 kilometres per hour (43 mph). However, in the summer, with any kind of significant rain, the road transformed to impassable mud that often swallowed whole smaller vehicles. The last problematic part of

1160-632: The Roman Catholic Church of the Nativity (completed in 2002 ), among others. The Mask of Sorrow memorial, a large sculpture in memory of Stalin's victims, was designed by Ernst Neizvestny . The Church of the Nativity Archived February 23, 2014, at the Wayback Machine ministers to survivors of the labor camps. It is staffed by several priests and nuns. The Magadanka River  [ ru ] ,

1218-416: The Sakha Republic . Passenger services on the line go from Tynda to the town of Nizhny Bestyakh , opposite the river from Yakutsk . In November 2011, construction of the railway reached Nizhny Bestyakh . The final step required to bring the railway into the city itself is a combined road and rail bridge, to be constructed upstream of Yakutsk where the river is narrower. The railway via Nizhny Bestyakh

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1276-427: The framework of administrative divisions , it is, together with the urban-type settlements of Sokol and Uptar , incorporated as the " town of oblast significance of Magadan"—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , the town of oblast significance of Magadan is incorporated as Magadan Urban Okrug . The Port of Magadan is the second largest seaport in

1334-531: The soil remains permanently frozen; although they are still much milder than those of interior eastern Siberia. Average temperatures on the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk range from −22 °C (−8 °F) in January to +12 °C (54 °F) in July. Average temperatures in the interior range from −38 °C (−36 °F) in January to +16 °C (61 °F) in July. Due to the wet nature of October and November,

1392-630: The Amur-Yakutsk highway road is complete, they were used all the way from Dzalinda on the Amur to the Aldan. Well aware of the great importance of Yakutia for the economy, the Soviet government in May 1925, taking urgent measures to build a road from the Amur River, across the river Aldan, to Yakutsk, began in the same year and went full swing. In parallel with the researches were carried out work on

1450-481: The Iyengra and Chulman, before reaching the coal-mining area around Neryungri at around 400 kilometres (250 miles). The settlement of Berkakit , situated 9 kilometres (5.6 miles) south of Neryungri, was founded in 1977 as the base for the railway's operations in the south of the Sakha Republic. Berkakit is the official starting point for the current project to construct the railway to Yakutsk (officially referred to as

1508-413: The Lena river, instead of a bridge. Construction of a tunnel would be quicker and cost less than that of a bridge, as it would not be dependent on seasonal construction hampered by the river freezing over in autumn and breaking up in spring. The flooding situation of the river also makes the tunnel more attractive. However, the annual maintenance costs for a tunnel were estimated to be more than twice that of

1566-700: The North-East of Russia after Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky located on Nagaev Bay and Sea of Okhotsk . It operates all year round with the help of icebreakers. There is currently no operating railway in Magadan. However, the Magadan-Palatka line was operational between 1941 and 1956. Russian Railways are considering the possibility of building a railway from the Nizhny Bestyakh of the Amur-Yakutsk railway to Magadan by 2035, which will contribute to

1624-491: The People's Republic of China to the sea port in the city of Magadan. Today, the reconstruction is being carried out on 228 kilometers of the road. From 2010 to 2014 inclusive, was put into operation more than 170 km of road, including being rebuilt with new traffic loads. The highway has 206 meters of bridges. Today introduced road sections meet modern requirements both in bandwidth and in terms of road safety. Since 2010

1682-527: The President of Yakutia. In 2016 the railway project was included in the Federal railway development strategy plan until 2030. 62°02′42″N 129°43′48″E  /  62.045°N 129.730°E  / 62.045; 129.730 Magadan Magadan (Russian: Магадан , IPA: [məɡɐˈdan] ) is a port town and the administrative centre of Magadan Oblast , Russia . The city

1740-414: The amount and quality of work of the repair and maintenance of roads Never-Yakutsk was increased. The road mainly used to go through the territory of permafrost. Until 2014, only small areas near Tynda, Neryungri and Aldan were paved. There were areas where the pavement was completely absent, and the road during snowmelt (May - beginning of June) could become impassable. In 2006 Lena Highway was named one of

1798-420: The area. Town status was granted to it on July 14, 1939. Magadan was visited by U.S. Vice President Henry Wallace in May 1944. He took an instant liking to his NKVD host, admired handiwork done by the enslaved political prisoners, and later glowingly called the town a combination of Tennessee Valley Authority and Hudson's Bay Company . Magadan is the administrative centre of the oblast . Within

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1856-518: The beginning of any further extensions towards Magadan . As of early 2014, there were twice weekly trains from Moscow and from Khabarovsk, ending at Neryungri. The travel time from Shturm (1st station of AYaM) to Neryungri (390 km) was 11 hours. From 2019, there are passenger trains to Nizhny Bestyakh. Construction of the AYaM began in the 1930s, with the construction of the spur line from Bamovskaya to Tynda (then known as Tyndinsky) as part of

1914-461: The construction of artificial structures and subgrade over 120 kilometers between the backbone and the river Chulman, and in the autumn of 1925 cuttings from the village unnoticed to Aldan River was completed. The construction seasons of 1926–1927 years in the area from Yablonovy pass - p. Chulman - Obscure etc. -.. N Tommot work continued on the construction of bridges and roadbed device, constructed industrial buildings for road units and houses. By

1972-492: The construction reached the dual settlements of Pokrovsk /Kyordyom, on the left and right banks of Lena respectively, some 78 km south of Yakutsk . The first train was welcomed into Kyordyom on September 25, 2010. The line to Nizhny Bestyakh was officially completed on November 15, 2011, with officials stating that a bridge across the river to Yakutsk would be constructed in the near future. On July 27, 2019, passenger trains started to go to Nizhny Bestyakh. Planning for

2030-470: The development of an area with huge mineral deposits. Magadan is the final destination of the federal highway R504 Kolyma Highway , which connects the region with Yakutia and other parts of Russia. Anadyr Highway , currently under construction, will provide access to Chukotka Autonomous Okrug . Sokol Airport and Magadan-13 airport provide access to air transport for numerous destinations in Russia with

2088-627: The end of 1927 were carried out engineering survey route of the future highway from n. Tommot toward Yakutsk. A new stage in the history of the road came with the adoption of the Russian Federation Government of the Federal Target Program (FTP) "Development of Transport System of Russia (2010-2015)". As part of the execution of the subroutine "Highways" set the task of bringing 85% of the road length Never-Yakutsk in 2018 up to standard, and by 2022 to complete

2146-534: The first time began to use camels. The initiator of the introduction of this type of transport was one of the agents of the Upper Amur Company, which bought 100 animals in the Trans-Baikal region. Camels are well adapted to local conditions, they were unpretentious, less sensitive to lack of feed and can carry several times more cargo than reindeer and horses. In the future, until the construction of

2204-701: The former being for big aircraft and the latter is mainly for small aircraft. Magadan is also the home of the Magadan/Sokol Flight Information Region (FIR) and Magadan Oceanic FIR, which controls the Northeastern part of the Russia and its Arctic airspace. Most of the westbound transpacific flights from North America to Asia will use those FIRs. The principal sources of income for the local economy are gold mining and fisheries. Recently, gold production has declined. Fishing production, although improving from year to year,

2262-463: The frozen river in winter. During spring and autumn, the moving ice on the river makes crossings impossible. The dual road-rail bridge would allow year-round land access to the city for the first time. The site being considered is across a narrow section of the river near Tabaga, 40 km upstream from Yakutsk. On July 14, 2010, in Moscow, a meeting was held to discuss the construction of a tunnel under

2320-459: The highway terminates in Nizhny Bestyakh , a settlement of 4,000 people opposite Yakutsk. When river conditions permit, one may drive right over the frozen river to Yakutsk or take the ferry, but much of the year the river is impassable due to flooding, ice floes or semi-thawed ice not supporting the weight of vehicles. At Nizhny Bestyakh, Lena Highway connects to Kolyma Highway (The Road of Bones), designated R504, linking Yakutsk with Magadan on

2378-418: The highway was paved in 2014 and now it is accessible all throughout the year as far as Tyungyulyu . However, the bridge over the Lena river is still not constructed. The only transport working across the river when it is congested with floating ice are helicopters and hydrofoils . The history of the federal highway "Lena" is inextricably linked with the start of exploration and development of gold deposits in

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2436-537: The large temperature variations, ranging from under −50 °C (−58 °F) in winter to over 30 °C (86 °F) in summer, as well as the challenges of building on permafrost in difficult terrain. The line currently has an official length of 1,213 kilometres (754 miles), branching from the Trans–Siberian railway at Bamovskaya station, near Skovorodino in Amur Oblast . The line continues north, joining

2494-402: The line almost as far as Yakutsk is complete, although there has been debate as to whether the line should end at the settlement of Nizhny Bestyakh , on the opposite bank of the Lena River from Yakutsk, or whether a bridge (or possibly tunnel) should be built. The decision for or against a river crossing depends on a number of questions regarding both costs and engineering challenges. The Lena

2552-488: The mine Dzhalindinsky on Amur to Nikolayevsk mines in the north of the Amur region. When the Trans-Siberian railway was completed, food supply and labor was carried out entirely from the Amur region. From the station Bolshoy Never was built the so-called (at the time) cart-road for cartage. It stretched up to the village of Nagorny. This path is 380–400 km long and is called the "camel trail" or "Tumen path." It

2610-554: The most dangerous roads in the world. The main disadvantage is the absence of a bridge over the Lena River . In summer passenger ferry operates, in the winter (December - April) traffic is possible via ice road, while during short spring and autumn, river crossing is possible only by air or hovercraft. There is no bridge over the Lena anywhere in Yakutia. One is meant to be built 40 kilometres (25 mi) south of Yakutsk center, of some 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) in length. In July 2013

2668-614: The planned construction of the Baikal–Amur Mainline . This section began operation in 1935, but was then dismantled in 1940-41 as the Second World War saw the BAM project cancelled and the rails were reused for other projects closer to the front. Reconstruction of the Bamovskaya-Tynda section (known as the "Little BAM") began on 5 April 1972, almost two years before the government of the Soviet Union announced

2726-436: The previous terminus of Neryungri-Gruzovaya (cargo terminal). Traffic was gradually extended to Chulman , Aldan and finally to Tommot , firstly construction and cargo traffic, followed by passenger services. The complete section to Tommot was declared open on 24 August 2004. Since this date a daily passenger service has run between Neryungri and Tommot, covering the 368 Kilometer section in around 8 hours. The bridge crossing

2784-530: The reconstruction of the entire road to Magadan . Thus, by 2022 over its entire length of the highway should have a major type of asphalt concrete coatings. Currently it has successfully implemented sections of the federal target program for the reconstruction of the road, which is part of the international transport corridor linking the Auto-advance on the border of the Russian Federation and

2842-532: The region. The growing season is only one hundred days long. The city of Magadan is on the same longitude as the suburbs of Greater Western Sydney , Australia , which lie on the eastern end of the 150th meridian east line, bordering the 151st meridian and is on the same latitude as Southern Scandinavia , and the far north of Scotland . The climate of Magadan is subarctic ( Köppen climate classification Dfc ). Winters are prolonged and very cold, with up to six months of sub-zero high temperatures , so that

2900-494: The remainder to be sourced from investors. The bridge was to be toll-free for cars, with a toll for trucks. Amur%E2%80%93Yakutsk Mainline The Amur–Yakutsk Mainline ( Russian : Амуро-Якутская магистраль , Amuro-Yakutskaya Magistral ), abbreviated to AYaM ( Russian АЯM ), is a partially complete railway in eastern Russia , linking the Trans–Siberian Railway and Baikal–Amur Mainline with

2958-579: The revival of the BAM project in 1974. The start of provisional services on the Little BAM began in November 1976, with full services in October 1977. At the same time, the line was extended northwards, the section Tynda–Berkakit opened in October 1979, extending as far as Neryungri . From 1989, construction recommenced from Neryungri towards Chulman . This extension branches a few kilometers before

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3016-474: The river port. With the expected difficulties in building a bridge across the more than 2 km-wide Lena, prone to massive flooding in spring and with moving ice during autumn, there has been much discussion of the rail head remaining on the east bank of the river, terminating in Nizhny Bestyakh , across the river from Yakutsk. This section has been built, the connection over the river to Yakutsk city being postponed. The route via Nizhny Bestyakh will now form

3074-447: The same time, from Yakutia to Chulman was passed firebreak width 10 fathoms (21.3metra) and a length of 128 km, which was used as a winter road. At the same time functioned cartage winter road along the river. Timpton of mine Swan (in the basin. Timpton) Chulmakan to the mouth and then in the basin. The constructed Bolshoy Nimnyr road was used not only for movement on carts and gigs, but in winter, it moved on sledges and sleds, when for

3132-461: The settlement of Kerdyom , by the mouth of the Lyutenge on the Lena River , opposite the town of Pokrovsk , by 2008. From here, it was planned to start construction of a 3-kilometre-long (1.9-mile) combined road and rail bridge across the Lena in 2009, in the area of the settlement Tabaga. The line was to continue to the city of Yakutsk , with a passenger terminal to be built, and an extension to

3190-478: The upper reaches of the Amur and South Yakutia basins of the Timpton and Aldan rivers. By the beginning of the 20th century, there were about 150 mines in the Amur region. The need for construction of the "wheel" of the road appeared in the 1870s. The implementation of this task force was launched Upper Amur gold mining joint-stock company, which is using its own funds to build the first 105 miles, which connected

3248-471: Was Eduard Berzin , who between 1932 and 1937 established the infrastructure of the forced labour camps in Magadan. Berzin was executed in 1938 by Stalin, towards the end of the Great Purge . The town later served as a port for exporting gold and other metals mined in the Kolyma region . Its size and population grew quickly as facilities were rapidly developed for the expanding mining activities in

3306-499: Was reported that Chinese interests, including the China Railway Construction Corporation, China Development Bank and four other Chinese construction companies, had expressed interest in financing the construction of the bridge. The head of Yakutia said in 2018 that construction could begin in 2020. Future plans have been proposed for the extension of the railway line further to the east, towards

3364-571: Was used mainly in winter on ice and compacted snow. Delivery of goods was very expensive, so the Upper Amur company started to build a dirt road. In 1910, the first studies were conducted, and the wheel path from the village Rukhlovo (now Skovorodino) to the Yakut mine to the "top" was made into a ridge of 293 km length with the approach to the Swan mine of 47.5 km length completed in 1916. At

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