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48-647: The college offers Associate in Arts and Associate in Science degrees in 71 fields as well as certificate programs in 59 vocational areas. The main campus in Lancaster hosts the satellite location of California State University, Bakersfield-Antelope Valley (CSUB-AV), where students can obtain bachelor's and master's degrees in select subjects. Average daily attendance (ADA) at the college reached 100 by 1939, but with World War II , attendance plummeted. Attendance reached

96-458: A degree part-time. While the majority of students live off-campus, the campus dorms can accommodate up to 324 students, or under 5% of the 2002 enrollment figure of 7,700. Space in the dorms has historically been plentiful, with single-occupancy rooms often available and one entire dorm devoted to faculty offices through the mid-1990s. However, space is now impacted and usually fills up quickly. New dorms opened in 2015. The six buildings comprising

144-421: A given exploration prospect will allow explorers and commercial analysts to determine whether a prospect is financially viable. Traditionally, porosity and permeability were determined through the study of drilling samples, analysis of cores obtained from the wellbore , examination of contiguous parts of the reservoir that outcrop at the surface (see e.g. Guerriero et al., 2009, 2011 , in references below) and by

192-457: A low of 13 during the war, the same ADA as the year the school was founded. There were pressures to close the junior college, but trustees and staff held out until veterans returned from the war. Enrollment grew steadily during the postwar years, partly because of the GI Bill of Rights and partly because Antelope Valley began developing an aircraft industry. In 1959, groundbreaking was held for

240-587: A member of the Western Athletic Conference until July 1, 2020, at which point it will begin a full membership in the Big West. Institutional Research, Planning and Assessment In fall of 2013, CSUB enrolled its largest freshman class of over 1,300 students. As of fall 2018 CSU Bakersfield has the largest enrollment percentage of unknown Americans and along with CSU Chico the second largest enrollment percentage of Native Americans in

288-440: A more in-depth treatise, see the second half of this article below. Evaluation of the source uses the methods of geochemistry to quantify the nature of organic-rich rocks which contain the precursors to hydrocarbons, such that the type and quality of expelled hydrocarbon can be assessed. The reservoir is a porous and permeable lithological unit or set of units that holds the hydrocarbon reserves. Analysis of reservoirs at

336-487: A new college campus on 110 acres (45 ha) at Avenue K and 30th Street West, designed by the architect Henry L. Gogerty (1894-1990). The college campus has expanded to approximately 135 acres (55 ha) through land purchases. Antelope Valley College has grown to a student population of approximately 16,000. It is accredited by the Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges . Among

384-532: A one-dimensional segment through the Earth, and the skill of inferring three-dimensional characteristics from them is one of the most fundamental in petroleum geology. Recently, the availability of inexpensive, high-quality 3D seismic data (from reflection seismology ) and data from various electromagnetic geophysical techniques (such as magnetotellurics ) has greatly aided the accuracy of such interpretation. The following section discusses these elements in brief. For

432-1120: A permanent campus. Officials in April 2009 expressed their intent to submit an initial project proposal for a campus to the state in June 2010. The college's athletic teams are known as the Marauders. The college currently fields eight men's and eight women's varsity teams. It competes as a member of the California Community College Athletic Association (CCCAA) in the Western State Conference (WSC) for all sports except football, which competes in Southern California Football Association (SCFA). California State University, Bakersfield-Antelope Valley California State University, Bakersfield ( CSUB , Cal State Bakersfield , or CSU Bakersfield )

480-594: A structured contest initiated by the student government, Associated Students Inc. (ASI). The winner of the Fight Song Contest was a current music student, Gwendolyn Wilcox, and the winner of the Alma Mater Contest was a CSUB alumnus and current high school music instructor, Bill Ingram. Petroleum geology Petroleum geology is the study of the origins, occurrence, movement, accumulation, and exploration of hydrocarbon fuels . It refers to

528-527: A student trustee elected annually by members of the student body. The college maintains a temporary leased site in the City of Palmdale , which serves nearly 2,000 students. Plans call for creation of a full campus on 60 acres (24 ha) of land in southern Palmdale on 25th Street East, south of Avenue S. College officials are working toward a sustainable enrollment of 1,000 full-time equivalent students to qualify Palmdale for center status—a key step in developing

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576-735: Is a public university in Bakersfield, California . It was established in 1965 as Kern State College and officially in 1968 as California State College Bakersfield on a 375-acre (152 ha) campus, becoming the 20th school in the California State University system. The university offers 39 different bachelor's degree programs, 17 master's degree programs, and a doctoral program in Educational Leadership (Ed.D.). As of fall 2021, there were more than 11,000 undergraduate and graduate students at either

624-425: Is a commercial find, the production stage is initiated. This stage focuses on extracting the hydrocarbons in a controlled way (without damaging the formation, within commercial favorable volumes, etc.). Production wells are drilled and completed in strategic positions. 3D seismic is usually available by this stage to target wells precisely for optimal recovery. Sometimes enhanced recovery ( steam injection , pumps, etc.)

672-652: Is currently an NCAA Division I school. The Roadrunners began the transition process in 2006 and became a full Division I member in July 2010. Following a period as one of a small number of Division I independents, CSU Bakersfield joined the Western Athletic Conference in July 2013 for most sports. For wrestling , CSUB competes in the Pac-12 conference . CSUB wrestling is the institution's original Division-I sport and has placed 3rd (1996) and 8th (1999) in

720-422: Is identified, the key physical characteristics of a reservoir that are of interest to a hydrocarbon explorationist are its bulk rock volume, net-to-gross ratio, porosity and permeability. Bulk rock volume, or the gross rock volume of rock above any hydrocarbon-water contact, is determined by mapping and correlating sedimentary packages. The net-to-gross ratio, typically estimated from analogues and wireline logs,

768-697: Is the only one offered by a public university west of the Rockies . The university is a Hispanic-serving institution . Alumni include local, state, and federal politicians, including one former Speaker of the United States House of Representatives . CSUB owes its founding to the Donahoe Higher Education Act of 1960 , which formalized the creation of the CSU system, initially as the "California State Colleges" system. The areas in

816-450: Is used to calculate the proportion of the sedimentary packages that contains reservoir rocks. The bulk rock volume multiplied by the net-to-gross ratio gives the net rock volume of the reservoir. The net rock volume multiplied by porosity gives the total hydrocarbon pore volume, i.e. the volume within the sedimentary package that fluids (importantly, hydrocarbons and water) can occupy. The summation of these volumes (see STOIIP and GIIP ) for

864-411: Is used to extract more hydrocarbons or to redevelop abandoned fields. The existence of a reservoir rock (typically, sandstones and fractured limestones ) is determined through a combination of regional studies (i.e. analysis of other wells in the area), stratigraphy and sedimentology (to quantify the pattern and extent of sedimentation) and seismic interpretation. Once a possible hydrocarbon reservoir

912-456: Is usually done by drilling more appraisal wells around the initial exploration well. Production tests may also give insight in reservoir pressures and connectivity. Geochemical and petrophysical analysis gives information on the type ( viscosity , chemistry, API, carbon content, etc.) of the hydrocarbon and the nature of the reservoir (porosity, permeability, etc.). After a hydrocarbon occurrence has been discovered and appraisal has indicated it

960-652: The California State Legislature and signed into law by Governor Pat Brown . Under these rules, the school was authorized as Kern State College, in 1965, and founded as California State College, Bakersfield in 1968. First classes were held on October 1, 1970. In 1982, the California State College system became the California State University system. The school changed to its present name in 1988, when it

1008-786: The 49th annual undergraduate commencement ceremony, CSU Bakersfield awarded 2,312 bachelor's degrees, a 28% year-over-year increase and a record for the university. On May 22, 2019, 462 graduate degrees, including the university's first 12 doctoral degrees, were awarded at the annual hooding ceremony. The Office of Grants, Research, and Sponsored Programs (GRASP) provides administrative support for student and faculty research. External grant funding grew from 2014/15 to 2016/17, with active awards increasing from 54 to 70 and total funding increasing from $ 10M to $ 14.7M. Institutions that have been established as part of university research include: Cal State Bakersfield conducts scientific research using advanced facilities and technologies. Facilities include

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1056-592: The Cal State system. CSU Bakersfield has 120 recognized student clubs and organizations (including seven Greek Organizations: Phi Sigma Sigma , Gamma Phi Beta , Nu Phi Chi, Theta Sigma Chi, Kappa Delta Nu, Delta Zeta Tau, and Kappa Sigma ) as of spring 2018. Each year, the top juniors, seniors, and graduate students receive membership invitations to join Alpha Chi through the California Iota chapter of

1104-613: The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, the Lancaster campus hosts the Sheriff's Training Academy, which meets the requirements of the Peace Officer Standards and Training for training members of the sheriff's department and other law enforcement agencies. The community college district is governed by a locally elected Board of Trustees consisting of five members serving four-year terms, plus

1152-726: The Materials Science Engineering Lab, Sediment Analysis Lab, Computer Mapping and Simulation Lab, Plant Physiology Lab, and Elemental Composition Lab, Wireless Communications Lab, Robotics Lab, Power Systems Lab, VLSI/Circuits Lab, Cognitive Processes Lab, Behavioral Neuroscience Lab, Social Cognition Lab, and more. Researchers on campus have access to advanced equipment including scanning electron microscopy, high resolution CAT scanning, and 2D gel electrophoresis. Active areas of research include synthesizing polymers from renewable resources and geologic CO 2 storage. The California Energy Research Center (CERC)

1200-614: The NCAA D-I Wrestling Championships. The men's and women's basketball teams compete on campus at the Icardo Center. On June 1, 2006, CSU Bakersfield president, Dr. Horace Mitchell, formally announced that CSUB would raise $ 6 million over a five-year period for the additional costs for the athletics program. Part of the additional costs were to start a baseball program and a women's golf program. In September 2011, CSUB accepted an invitation to join

1248-524: The Western Athletic Conference for baseball. Rudy Carvajal was CSUB's athletic director from 1972 until his retirement on December 31, 2010. In 2005, Carvajal received the prestigious CSU Wang Family Award. Under Carvajal's leadership, CSUB has 30 national championships and received the Sears Directors Cup in 1998. Nearly 60,000 people attend NCAA sporting events at CSU Bakersfield. On May 17, 2007, CSUB announced that Bill Kernen would be

1296-496: The area that is likely to have received hydrocarbons. Although a basin analysis is usually part of the first study a company conducts prior to moving into an area for future exploration, it is also sometimes conducted during the exploration phase. Exploration geology comprises all the activities and studies necessary for finding new hydrocarbon occurrence. Usually seismic (or 3D seismic) studies are shot, and old exploration data (seismic lines, well logs, reports) are used to expand upon

1344-706: The decision-making process on whether further exploration is necessary. Additionally, this can increase recoveries of the petroleum remaining in reservoirs that were initially deemed unrecoverable. A full scale basin analysis is usually carried out prior to defining leads and prospects for future drilling. This study tackles the petroleum system and studies source rock (presence and quality); burial history; maturation (timing and volumes); migration and focus; and potential regional seals and major reservoir units (that define carrier beds). All these elements are used to investigate where potential hydrocarbons might migrate towards. Traps and potential leads and prospects are then defined in

1392-529: The escape of hydrocarbons from the reservoir rock . Common seals include evaporites , chalks and shales . Analysis of seals involves assessment of their thickness and extent, such that their effectiveness can be quantified. The geological trap is the stratigraphic or structural feature that ensures the juxtaposition of reservoir and seal such that hydrocarbons remain trapped in the subsurface, rather than escaping (due to their natural buoyancy ) and being lost. Analysis of maturation involves assessing

1440-441: The local stratigraphy , palaeogeography and sedimentology to determine the likelihood of organic-rich sediments having been deposited in the past. If the likelihood of there being a source rock is thought to be high, the next matter to address is the state of thermal maturity of the source, and the timing of maturation. Maturation of source rocks (see diagenesis and fossil fuels ) depends strongly on temperature, such that

1488-553: The main campus in Bakersfield or the satellite campus, Antelope Valley Center in Lancaster, California . CSU Bakersfield has more than 59,000 alumni from its four schools: Arts and Humanities; Business and Public Administration; Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Engineering; and Social Sciences and Education. The university is primarily a commuter campus serving the city of Bakersfield. CSU Bakersfield's petroleum geology program

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1536-422: The majority of oil generation occurs in the 60 to 120 °C (140 to 248 °F) range. Gas generation starts at similar temperatures, but may continue up beyond this range, perhaps as high as 200 °C (392 °F). In order to determine the likelihood of oil/gas generation, therefore, the thermal history of the source rock must be calculated. This is performed with a combination of geochemical analysis of

1584-743: The many programs offered through the college are an associate degree program in registered nursing approved by the Board of Registered Nursing, an airframe and powerplant technician program certified by the Federal Aviation Administration , and a lower division engineering program that co-ordinates with an engineering degree program offered locally through California State University, Long Beach. Other programs include aircraft fabrication and assembly (including composite materials), computer graphics, respiratory therapy, Firefighter I Academy and wildland fire technology. In conjunction with

1632-438: The national honor society. The Associated Students Inc. (ASI) is the recognized student government and is known for having an active role on campus. The Bakersfield campus has a Student Union and a 75,000 sq ft (7,000 m ) Recreation Center. CSUB is predominantly a commuter school, drawing its student body from a mix of recent high school graduates in the local area and working people returning to school or pursuing

1680-520: The new studies. Sometimes gravity and magnetic studies are conducted, and oil seeps and spills are mapped to find potential areas for hydrocarbon occurrences. As soon as a significant hydrocarbon occurrence is found by an exploration - or wildcat-well , the appraisal stage starts. The appraisal stage is used to delineate the extent of the discovery. Hydrocarbon reservoir properties, connectivity, hydrocarbon type and gas-oil and oil-water contacts are determined to calculate potential recoverable volumes. This

1728-610: The original (West) dorm complex are each named after locations in J. R. R. Tolkien 's The Lord of the Rings novel: Rivendell, Rohan, Entwood, Numenor, Dobry, and Lorien. Dorm facilities include a first floor lounge in each building, a dining commons, a swimming pool, a sand volleyball court, a pond, and a parking lot. CSUB has added a new dorm complex called Student Housing East on the northeast end of campus. The original dormitories have been partially repurposed for use as offices. The CSUB Fight Song and Alma Mater were selected through

1776-430: The petroleum industry by helping seek out effective petroleum systems. The use of geochemistry is relatively cost-effective that allows geologists to assess reservoir-related issues. Once oil to source rock correlation is found, petroleum geologists will use this information to render a 3D model of the basin. Now they can assess the timing of generation, migration, and accumulation relative to the trap formation. This aids in

1824-503: The school's first baseball coach, with the school's first official season beginning in spring of 2009. On January 8, 2011, Jeff Konya assumed the position of athletic director . Kenneth "Ziggy" Siegfried was named director of athletics on August 20, 2015. On November 27, 2017, CSUB president Dr. Horace Mitchell announced that CSUB had accepted an invitation to join the Big West Conference . The Roadrunners will remain

1872-401: The seven key elements discussed above. The critical moment is the time of the generation, migration, and accumulation of most hydrocarbons in their primary traps. The migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons occur over a short period in relation to geologic time. These processes (generation, migration, and accumulation) occur near the end of a duration of a petroleum system. The duration being

1920-436: The simplest level requires an assessment of their porosity (to calculate the volume of in situ hydrocarbons) and their permeability (to calculate how easily hydrocarbons will flow out of them). Some of the key disciplines used in reservoir analysis are the fields of structural analysis , stratigraphy , sedimentology , and reservoir engineering . The seal , or cap rock, is a unit with low permeability that impedes

1968-427: The source rock (to determine the type of kerogens present and their maturation characteristics) and basin modelling methods, such as back-stripping , to model the thermal gradient in the sedimentary column. The mid-twentieth century was when scientists began to seriously study petroleum geochemistry. Geochemistry was originally utilized for surface prospecting for subsurface hydrocarbons. Today geochemistry serves

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2016-455: The source rock being the appropriate maturity, and also being at the right depth for oil exploration. Geoscientists will be need this to gather stratigraphic data of the petroleum system for analysis. In terms of source rock analysis, several facts need to be established. Firstly, the question of whether there actually is any source rock in the area must be answered. Delineation and identification of potential source rocks depends on studies of

2064-578: The southern San Joaquin Valley had been demanding a four-year university since the 1950s. After considering several locations, including nearby Delano and parts of Kings and Tulare County , a steering committee decided on Bakersfield because it was the largest isolated metropolitan area in the United States without a four-year university at that time. Their decision was turned into a bill by Bakersfield's State Senator Walter W. Stiern , ratified by

2112-407: The specific set of geological disciplines that are applied to the search for hydrocarbons ( oil exploration ). Petroleum geology is principally concerned with the evaluation of seven key elements in sedimentary basins : In general, all these elements must be assessed via a limited 'window' into the subsurface world, provided by one (or possibly more) exploration wells . These wells present only

2160-408: The thermal history of the source rock in order to make predictions of the amount and timing of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion. Finally, careful studies of migration reveal information on how hydrocarbons move from source to reservoir and help quantify the source (or kitchen ) of hydrocarbons in a particular area. Several major subdisciplines exist in petroleum geology specifically to study

2208-410: The time crucial elements of the petroleum system are being accumulated. The critical moment is crucial since it is based on the burial history of the source rock when it is at maximum burial depth. This is when most of the hydrocarbons are generated. Approximately 50%-90% petroleum is made and expelled at this point. The next step is the hydrocarbons entering the oil window. The oil window has to do with

2256-460: Was announced in 2013 to foster collaborations between CSUB students, faculty, and the Kern County energy industries. Dr. Alan Fuchs became director of CERC in 2017. The California Energy Research Center will be housed in the 53,000 square-foot Energy and Engineering Innovation Center after its completion in 2023. 2023-2024 U.S. News & World Report Rankings CSU Bakersfield

2304-677: Was granted university status. Cal State Bakersfield academics are grouped into four schools with the exception of interdisciplinary programs: Together, the four schools offer 39 baccalaureate degrees, 17 master's degrees, and one educational doctorate . Popular majors for undergraduates in 2018 included Business Administration (Management and Operations) at 19.39%, Liberal Arts and Sciences , General Studies and Humanities at 12.82% and Psychology (General) at 8.53%. While popular majors for graduates were Education (General) at 35.28%, Social Work at 20.56% and Student Counseling and Personnel Services at 9.44%. On May 24, 2019, at

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