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44-564: Anyang is the location of the ancient city of Yin , which was the capital of the Shang dynasty and the first stable capital of China.As the ancient capital of the Seven Dynasties and one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization, Anyang is rich in historical and cultural resources and has a number of world-class and national historical sites. At the end of 1986, it was recognized as a national historical and cultural city. Xiaonanhai, on

88-500: A 5% increase from the prior year. Anyang's primary sector comprised 9.7% of the city's GDP, the secondary sector comprised 43.7%, and the tertiary sector comprised 46.6%. The per capita disposable income in Anyang totaled 27,365 RMB as of 2021, an increase of 7.2% from 2020. The per capita disposable income of Anyang's urban residents was 37,464 RMB, a 6% annual increase, and the per capita disposable income of rural residents

132-556: A January 24-hour average of −0.8 °C (30.6 °F). Summers are hot and humid, with July averaging 27.2 °C (81.0 °F). A majority of the annual precipitation of 552 mm (21.7 in) falls in July and August alone, and the annual mean temperature is 14.28 °C (57.7 °F). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 43% in July to 58% in May, the city receives 2,225 hours of bright sunshine annually, with April to June

176-646: A site called Běimĕng ( 北蒙 ), where it was then renamed to Yīn ( 殷 ). (Conversely, according to the Records of the Grand Historian of Sima Qian , Pan Geng moved the Shang capital from a location north of the Yellow River to Bo 亳 , the capital of Shang dynasty founder Tang , on the south side of the river—a location inconsistent with the location of Yin. ) Regardless, Yin was clearly established as

220-552: Is a Chinese archeological site corresponding to Yin, the final capital of the Shang dynasty ( c.  1600  – c.  1046 BCE ). Located in present-day Anyang , Henan, Yin served as the capital during the Late Shang period ( c.  1250  – c.  1046 BCE ) which spanned the reigns of 12 Shang kings and saw the emergence of oracle bone script , the earliest known Chinese writing . Along with oracle bone script and other material evidence for

264-592: Is an ancient city with a history of over 3,000 years and is one of the Eight Ancient Capitals of China , and also one of the best preserved. It is one of the key birthplaces of Chinese ancient culture. At the same time, it is a national historical and cultural city, the hometown of Oracle, the birthplace of the Book of Changes, the birthplace of the spirit of the Red Flag Canal, and the location of

308-466: Is located in northern Henan , near modern Anyang and the borders Henan shares with Hebei and Shanxi . Public access to the site is permitted. According to the 2nd century Shuowen Jiezi dictionary (說文解字), the Chinese character " 殷 " ( yīn ) originally referred to "vibrant music-making". Although frequently used throughout written history to refer to both the Shang dynasty and its final capital,

352-507: Is located in the junction area of Anyang, Puyang and Hebi cities, covering an area of approximately 2,339 acres. The total project investment is 1.366 billion yuan. It is positioned as a domestic civil regional airport with a flight area level of 4C.The opening of the airport will directly serve the air travel of 11.6 million people in the three cities in northern Henan, and radiate about 60 million people within 150 kilometers of eastern Shanxi, southern Hebei and southwestern Shandong. Anyang city

396-502: Is one of the smaller administrative divisions of China . It is a form of township -level division which is typically part of a larger urban area, as opposed to a discrete town (zhèn, 镇) surrounded by rural areas, or a rural township (xiāng, 乡). In general, urban areas are divided into subdistricts and a subdistrict is sub-divided into several residential communities or neighbourhoods as well as into villagers' groups (居民区/居住区, 小区/社区, 村民小组). The subdistrict's administrative agency

440-575: Is some disagreement, though, as to when the move to Yin took place. Both the Book of Documents , (specifically, the "Pan Geng" chapter, which is believed to date from the late Spring and Autumn period ), and the Bamboo Annals state that Shang king Pan Geng moved the Shang capital to Yin. The Bamboo Annals state, more specifically, that during his reign Pan Geng moved the capital from Yān (奄; present-day Qufu , in present-day Shandong Province ), to

484-496: Is the subdistrict office ( Chinese : 街道办事处 ; pinyin : jīedào bànshìchù ) or simply the jiedao ban (街道办, jiēdào bàn). Because of the influence of the literal meaning of the Chinese word for 'subdistrict' (street [街道, jiedao]), the term is prone to alternative translations like 'street community'. This government -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Chinese location article

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528-447: The 2020 Chinese Census , Anyang has a population of 5.48 million people. The overwhelming majority of the city's population is ethnically Han Chinese , with ethnic minorities constituting a population of around 10,000 people. 43 different ethnic minorities live in the city, with prominent ethnic minority communities including the Hui , Mongols , Manchus , Zhuang , Miao , Tibetans , and

572-1466: The Houmuwu ding were cast by an elaborate section-mold process. A study of mitochondrial DNA (inherited in the maternal line) from Yinxu graves showed similarity with modern northern Han Chinese , but significant differences from southern Han Chinese. Citations Works cited Subdistricts of China Provinces Autonomous regions Sub-provincial autonomous prefectures Autonomous prefectures Leagues (Aimag) (abolishing) Prefectures Provincial-controlled cities Provincial-controlled counties Autonomous counties County-level cities Districts Ethnic districts Banners (Hoxu) Autonomous banners Shennongjia Forestry District Liuzhi Special District Wolong Special Administrative Region Workers and peasants districts Ethnic townships Towns Subdistricts Subdistrict bureaux Sum Ethnic sum County-controlled districts County-controlled district bureaux (obsolete) Management committees Town-level city Areas Villages · Gaqa · Ranches Village Committees Communities Capital cities New areas Autonomous administrative divisions National Central Cities History: before 1912 , 1912–49 , 1949–present A subdistrict ( Chinese : 街道 / 街 ; pinyin : jiēdào / jiē ; lit. 'streets and avenues / streets')

616-601: The Imperial Academy . One account of Wang's discovery was that he was suffering from malaria at the time and was prescribed Longgu (龍骨) ( dragon bones ) at a traditional Chinese pharmacy. He noticed strange carvings on these bones and concluded that these could be samples of an ancient form of Chinese writing. News of the discovery of the oracle bones created a market for them among antiques collectors, and led to multiple waves of illegal digs over several decades, with tens of thousands of pieces taken. The source of

660-539: The Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology Project as follows: For most of Yinxu I, the site was a small settlement. The first large buildings appeared in the later part of the period, together with oracle bone inscriptions, large-scale human sacrifice and chariot burials. Dong also included kings Pan Geng , Xiao Xin and Xiao Yi in his oracle bone period I, but no inscriptions can be reliably assigned to pre-Wu Ding reigns. Some scholars assign these kings to

704-536: The Yi . Anyang is a largely industrial city, with major industries including the production of metals such as iron and steel , coal coking , and clothing production. Major Chinese steel producer Shagang Group has operations in Anyang. Major mineral reserves in Anyang include dolomite , potassium -bearing shale , nepheline syenite , quartzite , limestone , and clay . The city's total gross domestic product (GDP) totaled 243.55 billion renminbi (RMB) as of 2021,

748-759: The "First Ancient Buddhist Temple in Henan", and 10,000-Buddha Ravine, as well as unique Wenfeng Pagoda, Xiuding Temple Pagoda and Mingfu Temple Pagoda. The city has three large museums: the Anyang Museum, the National Museum of Chinese Writing, and the Yinxu Museum on the ruins and royal tombs of the Shang dynasty. Anyang also has beautiful natural scenery—the Taihang Linlu Hill Scenic Area on the 400-km Taihang Mountains and

792-410: The "dragon bones" was eventually traced to the small village of Xiaotun , just outside Anyang . In 1910, noted scholar Luo Zhenyu affirmed that the area was the site of the last Shang dynasty capital. Canadian missionary and oracle bone analyst James Menzies also independently identified Anyang as the capital in 1910. In 1917 , Wang Guowei deciphered the oracle bone inscriptions of the names of

836-679: The Hougang site, remains of palaces and temples, royal cemeteries, oracle bone inscriptions, bronze and bone workshops and the discovery of the Huanbei site on the north bank of the Huan River . One of the largest and oldest sites of Chinese archaeology, excavations here have laid the foundation for work across the country. Four periods are recognized at the site based on pottery types. They correlate approximately with oracle bone periods assigned by Dong Zuobin , royal reigns and dates assigned by

880-575: The River Classic , published during the Southern and Northern Dynasties period (420-589 CE). Thereafter, the once-great city of Yīn was relegated to legend along with its founding dynasty until its rediscovery in the final years of the Qing dynasty . Yinxu is well known for its oracle bones , which were first recognized as containing ancient Chinese writing in 1899 by Wang Yirong , director of

924-491: The Shang capital by the time of Shang king Wu Ding . Wu Ding launched numerous military campaigns from this base against surrounding tribes, thus securing Shang rule and raising the dynasty to its historical zenith. According to the traditional accounts, later rulers became pleasure-seekers who took no interest in state affairs. King Zhòu , the last of the Shang dynasty kings, is particularly remembered for his ruthlessness and debauchery. His increasingly autocratic laws alienated

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968-435: The Shang kings and constructed a complete Shang genealogy. This closely matched that in the Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian , confirming the historical authenticity of the legendary Shang dynasty and the archaeological importance of Yinxu. However, the oracle bone inscriptions record the name of the state as Dàyìshāng ( 大邑商 ) or Shāngyì ( 商邑 ). The first official archeological excavations at Yinxu were led by

1012-400: The Shang's existence, the site was forgotten for millennia. Its rediscovery in 1899 resulted from an investigation into oracle bones that were discovered being sold nearby. The rediscovery of Yinxu marked the beginning of decades of intensive excavation and study. It is one of China's oldest and largest archeological sites, and was selected by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 2006. Yinxu

1056-542: The archeologist Li Ji of the Institute of History and Philosophy from 1928 - 37 . They uncovered the remains of a royal palace, several royal tombs, and more than 100,000 oracle bones that show the Shang had a well-structured script with a complete system of written signs. Since 1950 ongoing excavations by the Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences have uncovered evidence of stratification at

1100-482: The beginning of the 14th century BC, King Pangeng of the Shang dynasty established his capital 2 km (1.2 mi) north of the modern city on the banks of the Huan River . The city, known as Yin , was the first stable capital in Chinese history and from that point on the dynasty that founded it would also become known as the Yin dynasty . The capital served 12 kings in 8 generations including Wu Ding , under whom

1144-595: The dissolution of Pingyuan. Anyang spans a total area of 7,355 square kilometres (2,840 sq mi). The city's elevation is generally higher in the west, with the foothills of the Taihang Mountains running through the area, and lower in the east, which comprises part of the North China Plain . Anyang has a four-season, monsoon -influenced humid continental climate / semi-arid climate ( Köppen Dwa/BSk ). Winters are cold and very dry, with

1188-677: The dynasty reached the zenith of its power, until it was wiped out along with the dynasty that was founded by King Wu of the Zhou in 1046 BC. Anyang was made the county seat of Anyang County c. 607 CE and it has held that position ever since. Anyang's Tangyin County was the ancient seat of Yue Village, the birthplace of the famous Song dynasty general, Yue Fei . This was also the historic home of Zhou Tong , Yue's military arts tutor (though fictional sources place him in Shaanxi ). The town

1232-403: The earliest evidence of written Chinese. Bronze and jade relics constitute evidence of the funeral customs of Yinxu, including human and animal sacrifice. A large number of handicrafts and workshops have been discovered at Yinxu. Patterns on utensils and bronzeware include those resembling animal faces, whorl patterns, and the taotie pattern. Large-scale bronzeware excavated at the site like

1276-446: The excavation of Yinxu, the Chinese historical record began in the first year of the subsequent Zhou dynasty, but the discovery of oracle bone inscriptions confirmed the historicity of the Shang, which had come under question. The framework of early ancient Chinese history was reconstructed, making it possible to assess the credibility of traditional accounts of Shang history. The 150 000 oracle bones unearthed at Yinxu comprise much of

1320-685: The far western edge of the city, was home to prehistoric cavemen during the Stone Age . Over 7,000 artifacts (including stone tools and animal bone fossils) have been unearthed here, representing what has been dubbed the Xiaonanhai culture. Around 2000 BC, the legendary sage-kings Zhuanxu and Emperor Ku are said to have established their capitals in the area around modern Anyang from where they ruled their kingdoms. Today their mausoleums are situated in Sanyang village south of Neihuang County. At

1364-561: The grand 1,500-km Red Flag Canal . Changchun Temple, a Taoist shrine, was built on the hillside of the mountains surrounding it during the Tang dynasty . It was officially opened to the public on 1 May 2014, after a period of cautious restoration. Tianning Si (Mansion Temple) was established during the Zhou dynasty , and has recently been restored by the Protection and Research Institute of Ancient Architecture of Anyang City, and opened to

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1408-611: The grounds of the Tianning Temple is believed to have been constructed in 925 and is known, from inscriptions concerning the reconstruction of the temple, to have been in place by 952. The current pagoda was constructed during the Ming dynasty and received its current name during the Qing dynasty due to its proximity to the Confucian temple. The five-story dark red brick octagonal tower is 38.65m high and is, unusually, larger at

1452-400: The name Yīn ( 殷 ) appears to have not been used in this way until the succeeding Zhou dynasty . In particular, the name does not appear in the oracle bones , which refer to the state as Shāng ( 商 ), and its final capital as Dàyì Shāng (大邑商 "Great Settlement Shang"). Among surviving ancient Chinese historical documents, Yin is described as the final capital of the Shang dynasty. There

1496-542: The nearby Huanbei urban site, which was roughly contemporaneous with the early part of Yinxu I. Excavation at the latter site is complicated by the fact that it lies under Anyang airport, and no inscriptions have been found. At 30 square kilometers, Yinxu is the largest archaeological site in China. Excavations have uncovered over 80 rammed-earth foundation sites including palaces, shrines, tombs and workshops. From these remains archaeologists have been able to confirm that this

1540-484: The nobility until King Wu of the Zhou dynasty was able to gain the support to rise up and overthrow the Shang. The Zhou dynasty established their capital at Fenghao near modern-day Xi'an , and Yīn was abandoned to fall into ruin. These ruins were mentioned by Sima Qian in his Records of the Grand Historian , more precisely in the Battle of Julu , and described in some detail by Li Daoyuan in his Commentary to

1584-505: The other tombs on the site, and in addition to the remains of the Queen the tomb was discovered to contain six dog skeletons, 16 human slave skeletons, and numerous grave goods of huge archaeological value. The tomb was thoroughly excavated and extensively restored and is now open to the public. The exhibition hall also features chariot pits where the earliest samples of animal-driven carts discovered by Chinese archaeology are on display. Before

1628-599: The public. The main structures within the temple compound include: the gate house, the three-room (8.4 m x 14 m) Hall of the Heavenly King with hanging-eaves over the gables rebuilt in 2002, the slightly larger Precious Hall of the Great Hero (17.8 m x 11.65 m) with single-eave gabled roof originally from the Qing dynasty and rebuilt in 2001, and the Wenfeng Pagoda . Wenfeng Ta (Literature Peak Pagoda) on

1672-532: The sunniest period. Extreme temperatures have ranged from −21.7 °C (−7 °F) to 43.2 °C (110 °F).There are more northerly winds in winter, while southerly winds dominate in summer. The prefecture-level city of Anyang administers 10 county-level administrative divisions, including 4 districts , 1 county-level city , and 4 counties . These, in turn, administer 46 subdistricts , 66 towns , and 23 townships , which then administer 302 residential communities and 2,979 administrative villages . Per

1716-425: The top than the bottom and is topped with a 10-metre Lamaist stupa-style dagoba steeple. The pagoda stands on a two-metre-high stone pedestal and is decorated with multi-eave pent roofs and carvings of Buddhas and bodhisattvas. The unique pagoda is the symbol of Anyang. Located about 2 km (1.2 mi) northwest of Anyang are the ruins of the Shang dynasty capital known as Yin . This massive archaeological site

1760-667: The world cultural heritage Yin Ruins, Cao Cao's Gaoling, and the Museum of Chinese Characters.Here are the primitive caves of 25,000 years ago, the overlapping strata of the Yangshao Culture , Longshan Culture and Xiaotun Culture, the memorial mausoleums of ancient Emperor Zhuanxu and Emperor Ku over 4,000 years ago, the first library of inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells , the Soul Spring Temple, known as

1804-521: Was 18,424 RMB, an 8.4% annual increase. Sixteen foreign-funded enterprises ( joint ventures , cooperative enterprises , and wholly foreign-owned enterprises) have been established in Anyang. Recently, Anyang has established an economic and technological development zone covering a total area of 22.8 km (8.8 sq mi), and issued a series of preferential policies to attract many domestic Chinese and foreign businesses. The Anyang Hongqiqu Airport opened on November 29, 2023.Anyang Hongqiqu Airport

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1848-507: Was discovered in 1899, excavated in the decades that followed, and first opened to the public in the 1980s as the Garden Museum of Yinxu. The current Yinxu museum was opened on 16 March 2005, and includes the famous Tomb of Fu Hao . The site was later designated a UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2006. Yinxu Yinxu ( Mandarin pronunciation: [ín.ɕý] ; Chinese : 殷墟 ; lit. 'Ruins of Yin')

1892-572: Was known as Zhangde ( 彰德 ) until 1912, when it was given its present name of Anyang, following the establishment of the Republic of China . In August 1949, Anyang prefecture was detached from Henan and – along with Puyang and Xinxiang  – consigned to the short lived experimental province of Pingyuan by the ruling Communist government. All three were eventually returned to Henan's territory in November 1953, with

1936-461: Was the spiritual and cultural center of the Shang dynasty. The best preserved of the Shang dynasty royal tombs unearthed at Yinxu is the Tomb of Fu Hao . The extraordinary Lady Hao was a military leader and the wife of Shang King Wu Ding . The tomb was discovered in 1976 by Zheng Zhenxiang and has been dated to 1250 BCE. It was completely undisturbed, having escaped the looting that had damaged

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