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86-460: The format is often used in conjunction with Adobe's RTMP to establish connections and control commands for the delivery of streaming media. In this case, the AMF data is encapsulated in a chunk which has a header which defines things such as the message length and type (whether it is a "ping", "command" or media data). AMF was introduced with Flash Player 6, and this version is referred to as AMF0. It

172-581: A componentized architecture built on the Component Object Model (COM) technology. It consists of several major components, each of which is contained in a separate dynamic-link library (DLL) and exposes a set of COM programming interfaces hosted by the Internet Explorer main executable, iexplore.exe : Internet Explorer does not include any native scripting functionality. Rather, MSHTML.dll exposes an API that permits

258-459: A " quirks mode " in which it deliberately mimics nonstandard behaviors of old versions of MSIE for HTML and CSS rendering on screen (Internet Explorer always uses standards mode for printing). It also provides its own dialect of ECMAScript called JScript . Internet Explorer was criticized by Tim Berners-Lee for its limited support for SVG, which is promoted by W3C . Internet Explorer has introduced an array of proprietary extensions to many of

344-474: A (0x03) followed by a set of key-value pairs and end with a (0x09) as value (preceded by 0x00 0x00 as empty key entry). Keys are encoded as strings with the (0x02) 'type-definition' byte being implied (not included in the message). Values can be of any type including other objects and whole object graphs can be serialized in this way. Both object keys and strings are preceded by two bytes denoting their length in number of bytes. This means that strings are preceded by

430-485: A broad range of web pages and provide certain features within the operating system, including Microsoft Update . During the height of the browser wars , Internet Explorer superseded Netscape only when it caught up technologically to support the progressive features of the time. Internet Explorer, using the MSHTML (Trident) browser engine : Internet Explorer uses DOCTYPE sniffing to choose between standards mode and

516-883: A browser plug-in or independently on supported devices. Originally created by FutureWave under the name FutureSplash Player , it was renamed to Macromedia Flash Player after Macromedia acquired FutureWave in 1996. After Adobe acquired Macromedia in 2005, it was developed and distributed by Adobe as Adobe Flash Player. It is currently developed and distributed by Zhongcheng for users in China, and by Harman International for enterprise users outside of China, in collaboration with Adobe. Flash Player ran on SWF files that can be created using Adobe Flash Professional , Adobe Flash Builder , or third-party tools such as FlashDevelop. Flash Player supports video and raster graphics ; vector graphics ; 3D graphics ; embedded audio; and an object-oriented scripting language called ActionScript , which

602-764: A custom version of the Chromium browser with the Adobe Flash Player "time bomb" removed. This browser can access only a small set of SARS online pages containing Flash-based forms required for filing financial reports. Although no longer available directly from Adobe, all versions of Adobe Flash Player Projector (also known as Adobe Flash Player Standalone) lack the "time bomb" present in the newer plug-in variants, and thus continue to be able to play all supported Flash file formats , including SWF files, without modification. The Internet Archive hosts some Flash content and makes it playable in modern browsers via

688-474: A feature of Microsoft Edge , enabling Edge to display web pages using Internet Explorer 11's Trident layout engine and other components. Through IE Mode, the underlying technology of Internet Explorer 11 partially exists on versions of Windows that do not support IE11 as a proper application, including newer versions of Windows 10 , as well as Windows 11 , Windows Server Insider Build 22463 and Windows Server Insider Build 25110. The Internet Explorer project

774-498: A lawsuit and a US$ 8 million settlement on January 22, 1997. Microsoft was sued by SyNet Inc. in 1996, for trademark infringement , claiming it owned the rights to the name "Internet Explorer". It ended with Microsoft paying $ 5 million to settle the lawsuit. Internet Explorer 2 is the second major version of Internet Explorer, released on November 28, 1995, for Windows 95 and Windows NT , and on April 23, 1996, for Apple Macintosh and Windows 3.1 . Internet Explorer 3

860-402: A path forward for replacement. The China-specific variant of Flash is still supported, by a company known as Zhongcheng. The Projector (standalone) versions of this variant also work outside of China and do not include the "Flash Helper Service"; however, some tracking code still seems to be present. They are available on a somewhat hidden "Debug" page. In addition, as the global variant of

946-448: A potential security and privacy risk. In IE7 and later, when the cache is cleared, the cache files are more reliably removed, and the index.dat file is overwritten with null bytes. Caching has been improved in IE9. Internet Explorer is fully configurable using Group Policy . Administrators of Windows Server domains (for domain-joined computers) or the local computer can apply and enforce

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1032-675: A programmer to develop a scripting environment to be plugged-in and to access the DOM tree. Internet Explorer 8 includes the bindings for the Active Scripting engine, which is a part of Microsoft Windows and allows any language implemented as an Active Scripting module to be used for client-side scripting. By default, only the JScript and VBScript modules are provided; third party implementations like ScreamingMonkey (for ECMAScript 4 support) can also be used. Microsoft also makes available

1118-694: A syntax different from W3C CSS3 candidate recommendation, support for a variety of image effects and page transitions, which are not found in W3C CSS, support for obfuscated script code, in particular JScript.Encode , as well as support for embedding EOT fonts in web pages . Support for favicons was first added in Internet Explorer 5. Internet Explorer supports favicons in PNG , static GIF and native Windows icon formats. In Windows Vista and later, Internet Explorer can display native Windows icons that have embedded PNG files. Internet Explorer makes use of

1204-491: A total of three bytes which includes the 0x02 type byte. Null types only contain their type-definition (0x05). Numbers are encoded as double-precision floating point and are composed of eight bytes. As an example, when encoding the object below in actionscript 3 code. The data held in the ByteArray is: . . . n a m e . . . M i k e . . a g e . @ > . . . . . . . . a l i a s . . . M i k e . . . Note:

1290-444: A variety of settings on computers that affect the user interface (such as disabling menu items and individual configuration options), as well as underlying security features such as downloading of files, zone configuration, per-site settings, ActiveX control behavior and others. Policy settings can be configured for each user and for each machine. Internet Explorer also supports Integrated Windows Authentication . Internet Explorer uses

1376-525: Is a retired series of graphical web browsers developed by Microsoft that were used in the Windows line of operating systems . While IE has been discontinued on most Windows editions, it remains supported on certain editions of Windows, such as Windows 10 LTSB/LTSC . Starting in 1995, it was first released as part of the add-on package Plus! for Windows 95 that year. Later versions were available as free downloads or in- service packs and included in

1462-518: Is a runtime that executes and displays content from a provided SWF file, although it has no in-built features to modify the SWF file at runtime. It can execute software written in the ActionScript programming language which enables the runtime manipulation of text, data, vector graphics , raster graphics , sound , and video . The player can also access certain connected hardware devices, including

1548-430: Is applied. Apple dropped Flash Player support from Safari 14 alongside the release of macOS Big Sur . Despite the years of notice, several websites still were using Flash following December 31, 2020, including the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission . Many of these were resolved in the weeks after the deadline. However, many educational institutions still relied on Flash for educational material and did not have

1634-439: Is available in two major versions: On February 22, 2012, Adobe announced that it would no longer release new versions of NPAPI Flash plugins for Linux, although Flash Player 11.2 would continue to receive security updates. In August 2016, Adobe announced that, beginning with version 24, it would resume offering of Flash Player for Linux for other browsers. The Extended Support Release (ESR) of Flash Player on macOS and Windows

1720-685: Is based on ECMAScript (similar to JavaScript ). Internet Explorer 11 and Microsoft Edge Legacy since Windows 8 , along with Google Chrome on all versions of Windows, came bundled with a sandboxed Adobe Flash Player plug-in. Flash Player once had a large user base, and was required to run many web games , animations, and graphical user interface (GUI) elements embedded in web pages. Adobe stated in 2013 that more than 400 million, out of over 1 billion connected desktops, updated to new versions of Flash Player within six weeks of release. However, Flash Player became increasingly criticized for poor performance, consumption of battery on mobile devices,

1806-691: Is based on Chromium, followed the same plan as Google Chrome. Google Chrome blocked the Flash plugin as "out of date" in January 2021, and fully removed it from the browser with Chrome version 88, released on January 20, 2021. Starting with Firefox 85, Flash is disabled by default without any prompts to activate Flash content. To play Flash content, users had to manually set a browser to prompt for Flash content, and then during each browser session enable Flash plugin for every site individually. Firefox 85, released on January 26, 2021, completely removed support for

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1892-453: Is cooperating with Google to implement it via Chrome web browser on all Linux platforms. Mixing Flash applications with HTML leads to inconsistent input handling leading to poor user experience with the site (keyboard and mouse not working as they would in an HTML-only document). Internet Explorer Internet Explorer (formerly Microsoft Internet Explorer and Windows Internet Explorer , commonly abbreviated as IE or MSIE )

1978-542: Is for transmission of messages outside of defined Adobe/Macromedia containers or transports such as Flash Video or the Real Time Messaging Protocol . If either the header-length or message-length are unknown then they are set to -1 or 0xFFFFFFFF uimsbf: unsigned integer, most significant bit first simsbf: signed integer, most significant bit first The format specifies the various data types that can be used to encode data. Adobe states that AMF

2064-723: Is labeled as version 50.x, to avoid confusion with other variants. Internet Explorer 11, along with IE mode in Edge , will continue with ActiveX support, and by extension Flash Player support. Firefox forks that plan to continue NPAPI support, and by extension Flash Player support, include Basilisk , Pale Moon , K-Meleon , and Waterfox Classic . Various Chromium -based Chinese browsers will also continue to support Flash Player in PPAPI and/or NPAPI form, including, but not limited to, 360 Secure Browser . Shortly after Flash reached end-of-life, South African Revenue Service (SARS) released

2150-418: Is mainly used to represent object graphs that include named properties in the form of key-value pairs, where the keys are encoded as strings and the values can be of any data type such as strings or numbers as well as arrays and other objects. XML is supported as a native type. Each type is denoted by a single byte preceding the actual data. The values of that byte are as below (for AMF0): AMF objects begin with

2236-454: Is of Message Type 0x14, which denotes a command in the form of a string of value "_result" and two serialized objects as arguments. The message can be decoded as follows: Here one can see an array (in turquoise) as a value of the 'data' key which has one member. We can see the objectEncoding value to be 3. This means that subsequent messages are going to be sent with the 0x11 message type, which will imply an AMF3 encoding. The latest version of

2322-460: Is only a data encoding format, it is usually found encapsulated in a RTMP message or Flex RPC call. An example of the former can be found below (it is the "_result" message returned in response to the "connect" command sent from the flash client): legend: object start/end object keys object values ecma_array The AMF message starts with a 0x03 which denotes an RTMP packet with Header Type of 0 , so 12 bytes are expected to follow. It

2408-406: Is primarily a graphics and multimedia platform, and has supported raster graphics and vector graphics since its earliest version. It supports the following different multimedia formats, which it can natively decode and play back. Until version 10 of the Flash player, there was no support for GPU acceleration. Version 10 added a limited form of support for shaders on materials in the form of

2494-618: Is the default web browser for Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012 . It became available for Windows 7 SP1 and Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 in February 2013. Internet Explorer 11 is featured in Windows 8.1 , Windows Server 2012 R2 and Windows RT 8.1 , which was released on October 17, 2013. It includes an incomplete mechanism for syncing tabs. It is a major update to its developer tools , enhanced scaling for high DPI screens, HTML5 prerender and prefetch, hardware-accelerated JPEG decoding, closed captioning , HTML5 full screen, and

2580-413: Is the first Internet Explorer to support WebGL and Google's protocol SPDY (starting at v3). This version of IE has features dedicated to Windows 8.1, including cryptography (WebCrypto), adaptive bitrate streaming ( Media Source Extensions ) and Encrypted Media Extensions . Internet Explorer 11 was made available for Windows 7 users to download on November 7, 2013, with Automatic Updates in

2666-510: Is the third major version of Internet Explorer, released on August 13, 1996, for Microsoft Windows and on January 8, 1997, for Apple Mac OS. Internet Explorer 4 is the fourth major version of Internet Explorer, released in September 1997 for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Solaris , and HP-UX . It was the first version of Internet Explorer to use the Trident web engine. Internet Explorer 5 is

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2752-909: The Adobe Integrated Runtime . Up until 2012, Flash Player 11 was available for the Android (ARM Cortex-A8 and above), although in June 2012, Google announced that Android 4.1 (codenamed Jelly Bean ) would not support Flash by default. In August 2012, Adobe stopped updating Flash for Android. Flash Player was supported on a select range of mobile and tablet devices, from Acer , BlackBerry 10 , Dell , HTC , Lenovo , Logitech , LG , Motorola , Samsung , Sharp , SoftBank , Sony (and Sony Ericsson ), and Toshiba . As of 2012, Adobe has stopped browser-based Flash Player development for mobile browsers in favor of HTML5 ; however, Adobe continues to support Flash content on mobile devices with

2838-484: The Apache Software Foundation and rebranded as Apache Flex , superseded by Apache Royale), CrossBridge C++ cross-compilation toolset (released on GitHub ). In some browsers, prior Flash versions have had to be uninstalled before an updated version could be installed. However, as of version 11.2 for Windows, there are now automatic updater options. Linux is partially supported, as Adobe

2924-776: The CrossBridge toolkit which cross-compiles C / C++ code to run within the Flash Player, using LLVM and GCC as compiler backends, and high-performance memory-access opcodes in the Flash Player (termed "Domain Memory") to work with in-memory data quickly. CrossBridge is targeted toward the game development industry, and includes tools for building, testing, and debugging C/C++ projects in Flash Player. Notable online video games developed in Flash include Angry Birds , FarmVille , and AdventureQuest (started in 2002, and still active as of 2020). Adobe Flash Player

3010-517: The Internet Archive removed Internet Explorer from its list of supported browsers, due to the browser's dated nature. Since November 30, 2020, the web version of Microsoft Teams can no longer be accessed using Internet Explorer 11, followed by the remaining Microsoft 365 applications since August 17, 2021. WordPress also dropped support for the browser in July 2021. Microsoft disabled

3096-574: The Microsoft Silverlight runtime that allows CLI languages , including DLR -based dynamic languages like IronPython and IronRuby , to be used for client-side scripting. Internet Explorer 8 introduced some major architectural changes, called loosely coupled IE (LCIE). LCIE separates the main window process (frame process) from the processes hosting the different web applications in different tabs (tab processes). A frame process can create multiple tab processes, each of which can be of

3182-574: The Nintendo Entertainment System . They enable video games created for such platforms to run within Flash Player. Adobe announced on July 25, 2017, that it would end support for the normal/global variant of Flash Player on January 1, 2021, and encouraged developers to use HTML5 standards in place of Flash. The announcement was coordinated with Apple , Facebook , Google , Microsoft , and Mozilla . Adobe announced that all major web browsers planned to officially remove

3268-570: The Pixel Bender API, but still did not have GPU-accelerated 3D vertex processing. A significant change came in version 11, which added a new low-level API called Stage3D (initially codenamed Molehill), which provides full GPU acceleration, similar to WebGL . (The partial support for GPU acceleration in Pixel Bender was completely removed in Flash 11.8, resulting in the disruption of some projects like MIT's Scratch , which lacked

3354-780: The Ruffle emulator integrated within its Emularity system. Other emulators, such as CheerpX, also exist as options for Flash Player emulation on other websites. BlueMaxima's Flashpoint project claims to have collected more than 38,000 Adobe Flash Player games and animations and made them available for download. Adobe has released some components of Adobe Flash products as open source software via Open Screen Project or donated them to open source organizations. As of 2021, most of these technologies are considered obsolete. This includes: ActionScript Virtual Machine 2 (AVM2) which implements ActionScript 3 (donated as open-source to Mozilla Foundation ), Adobe Flex Framework (donated as open-source to

3440-491: The Temporary Internet Files folder to allow quicker access (or offline access) to previously visited pages. The content is indexed in a database file, known as Index.dat . Multiple Index.dat files exist which index different content—visited content, web feeds , visited URLs , cookies, etc. Prior to IE7, clearing the cache used to clear the index but the files themselves were not reliably removed, posing

3526-459: The original equipment manufacturer (OEM) service releases of Windows 95 and later versions of Windows. Microsoft spent over US$ 100 million per year on Internet Explorer in the late 1990s, with over 1,000 people involved in the project by 1999. New feature development for the browser was discontinued in 2016 and ended support on June 15, 2022 for Windows 10 Semi-Annual Channel (SAC), in favor of its successor, Microsoft Edge . Internet Explorer

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3612-632: The source code of Spyglass Mosaic , used without royalty in early versions) and security and privacy vulnerabilities , and the United States and the European Union have determined that the integration of Internet Explorer with Windows has been to the detriment of fair browser competition. Internet Explorer 7 was supported on Windows Embedded Compact 2013 until October 10, 2023. The core of Internet Explorer 11 will continue being shipped and supported until at least 2029 as IE Mode ,

3698-455: The web cameras and microphones , after permission for the same has been granted by the user. Flash Player was used internally by the Adobe Integrated Runtime (AIR), to provide a cross-platform runtime environment for desktop applications and mobile applications. AIR supports installable applications on Windows , Linux , macOS , and some mobile operating systems such as iOS and Android . Flash applications must specifically be built for

3784-520: The "Internet Explorer mode" feature, which enables support for legacy internet applications. This is possible through use of the Trident MSHTML engine, the rendering code of Internet Explorer. Microsoft has committed to supporting Internet Explorer mode at least through 2029, with a one-year notice before it is discontinued. With the release of Microsoft Edge, the development of new features for Internet Explorer ceased. Internet Explorer 11

3870-458: The AIR runtime to use additional features provided, such as file system integration, native client extensions, native window/screen integration, taskbar/dock integration, and hardware integration with connected Accelerometer and GPS devices. Flash Player included native support for many data formats , some of which can only be accessed through the ActionScript scripting interface. Flash Player

3956-731: The Adobe Flash Player component on December 31, 2020, and Microsoft removed it from the Windows OS in January 2021 via Windows Update . In a move to further reduce the number of Flash Player installations, Adobe added a "time bomb" to Flash to disable existing installations after January 12, 2021. In mid-2020, Flash Player started prompting users to uninstall itself. Adobe removed all existing download links for Flash installers. After January 26, 2021, all major web browsers including Apple Safari , Google Chrome , Microsoft Edge , and Mozilla Firefox have already permanently removed Flash support. However, Flash content continues to be accessible on

4042-680: The Adobe Flex SDK compiler. Flash Player applications and games can be built in two significantly different methods: In both methods, developers can access the full Flash Player set of functions, including text , vector graphics , bitmap graphics, video , audio , camera, microphone, and others. AIR also includes added features such as file system integration, native extensions, native desktop integration, and hardware integration with connected devices. Adobe provides five ways of developing applications for Flash Player: Third-party development environments are also available: Adobe offers

4128-677: The Adobe Integrated Runtime, which allows developers to publish content that runs as native applications on certain supported mobile phone platforms. Adobe said it will optimize Flash for use on ARM architecture (ARMv7 and ARMv6 architectures used in the Cortex-A series of processors and in the ARM11 family) and release it in the second half of 2009. The company also stated it wants to enable Flash on NVIDIA Tegra , Texas Instruments OMAP 3, and Samsung ARMs. Beginning 2009, it

4214-606: The Flash Player with touch-screen support. Version 9 was the most recent version available for the Linux/ ARM -based Nokia 770 / N800 / N810 Internet tablets running Maemo OS2008. Other versions of the player have been available at some point for Symbian OS and Palm OS . The Kodak Easyshare One includes Flash Player. The following table documents historical support for Flash Player on mobile operating systems : Some CPU emulators have been created for Flash Player, including Chip8 , Commodore 64 , ZX Spectrum , and

4300-464: The Flash plugin. Firefox ESR dropped support on November 2, 2021 (Firefox 78 ESR was the last version with support). On October 27, 2020, Microsoft released an update (named KB4577586) for Windows 10 and 8.1 which removes the embedded Adobe Flash Player component from IE11 and Edge Legacy . In July 2021, this update was automatically installed as a security patch. However, an ActiveX Flash Player plugin may still be used with IE after this update

4386-566: The LLVM compiler uses more aggressive optimization. Adobe has released ActionScript Compiler 2 (ASC2) in Flex 4.7 and onwards, which improves compilation times and optimizes the generated bytecode and supports method inlining , improving its performance at runtime. As of 2012, the Haxe multiplatform language can build programs for Flash Player that perform faster than the same application built with

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4472-601: The W3C XHTML+SMIL ), and the VML vector graphics file format. However, all were rejected, at least in their original forms; VML was subsequently combined with PGML (proposed by Adobe and Sun ), resulting in the W3C-approved SVG format, one of the few vector image formats being used on the web, which IE did not support until version 9. Other non-standard behaviors include: support for vertical text, but in

4558-479: The Windows 10 Long Term Servicing Channel (LTSC) and on Windows Server until 2021, primarily for enterprise purposes. Internet Explorer is still installed in Windows 10 to maintain compatibility with older websites and intranet sites that require ActiveX and other legacy web technologies. The browser's MSHTML rendering engine also remains for compatibility reasons. Additionally, Microsoft Edge shipped with

4644-536: The accessibility framework provided in Windows. Internet Explorer is also a user interface for FTP, with operations similar to Windows Explorer. Internet Explorer 5 and 6 had a side bar for web searches, enabling jumps through pages from results listed in the side bar. Pop-up blocking and tabbed browsing were added respectively in Internet Explorer 6 and Internet Explorer 7. Tabbed browsing can also be added to older versions by installing MSN Search Toolbar or Yahoo Toolbar . Internet Explorer caches visited content in

4730-530: The application developer. Platforms: Frameworks: Adobe Flash Player Adobe Flash Player (known in Internet Explorer , Firefox , and Google Chrome as Shockwave Flash ) was a computer program for viewing multimedia content, executing rich Internet applications , and streaming audio and video content created on the Adobe Flash platform. It can run from a web browser as

4816-619: The browser (such as icons on the taskbar) would have been removed on June 13, 2023. However, on May 19, 2023 various organizations disapproved, leading Microsoft to withdraw the change. Other versions of Windows that were still supported at the time were unaffected. Specifically, Windows 7 ESU, Windows 8.x , Windows RT ; Windows Server 2008 / R2 ESU, Windows Server 2012 / R2 and later; and Windows 10 LTSB/LTSC continued to receive updates until their respective end of life dates. On other versions of Windows, Internet Explorer will still be supported until their own end of support dates. IE7

4902-503: The default web browser for Windows 7 (later default was Internet Explorer 11) and Windows Server 2008 R2. Internet Explorer 9 is the ninth major version of Internet Explorer, released on March 14, 2011, for Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2 , Windows Vista Service Pack 2 and Windows Server 2008 SP2 with the Platform Update . Internet Explorer 10 is the tenth major version of Internet Explorer, released on October 26, 2012, and

4988-541: The default web browser for Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 . Internet Explorer 7 is the seventh major version of Internet Explorer, released on October 18, 2006, for Windows XP SP2 , Windows Server 2003 SP1 and as the default web browser for Windows Vista , Windows Server 2008 and Windows Embedded POSReady 2009 . IE7 introduces tabbed browsing. Internet Explorer 8 is the eighth major version of Internet Explorer, released on March 19, 2009, for Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008 and as

5074-425: The fifth major version of Internet Explorer, released on March 18, 1999, for Windows 3.1 , Windows NT 3 , Windows 95, Windows NT 4.0 SP3, Windows 98 , Mac OS X (up to v5.2.3), Classic Mac OS (up to v5.1.7), Solaris and HP-UX (up to 5.01 SP1). Internet Explorer 6 is the sixth major version of Internet Explorer, released on August 24, 2001, for Windows NT 4.0 SP6a, Windows 98, Windows 2000 , Windows ME and as

5160-505: The following weeks. Internet Explorer 11's user agent string now identifies the agent as " Trident " (the underlying browser engine) instead of "MSIE". It also announces compatibility with Gecko (the browser engine of Firefox ). Microsoft claimed that Internet Explorer 11, running the WebKit SunSpider JavaScript Benchmark, was the fastest browser as of October 15, 2013. Internet Explorer 11

5246-522: The free Adobe Gaming SDK, consisting (as of August 2014 ) of several open-source AS3 libraries built on the Flash Player Stage3D APIs for GPU-accelerated graphics: A few commercial game engines target Flash Player (Stage3D) as run-time environment, such as Unity 3D and Unreal Engine 3. Before the introduction of Stage3D, a number of older 2D engines or isometric engines like Flixel saw their heyday. Adobe also developed

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5332-646: The inner HTML property, which provides access to the HTML string within an element, which was part of IE 5 and was standardized as part of HTML 5 roughly 15 years later after all other browsers implemented it for compatibility, the XMLHttpRequest object, which allows the sending of HTTP request and receiving of HTTP response, and may be used to perform AJAX , and the designMode attribute of the content Document object, which enables rich text editing of HTML documents. Some of these functionalities were not possible until

5418-675: The introduction of the W3C DOM methods. Its Ruby character extension to HTML is also accepted as a module in W3C XHTML 1.1, though it is not found in all versions of W3C HTML. Microsoft submitted several other features of IE for consideration by the W3C for standardization. These include the 'behavior' CSS property, which connects the HTML elements with JScript behaviors (known as HTML Components, HTC), HTML+TIME profile, which adds timing and media synchronization support to HTML documents (similar to

5504-504: The latest releases there is an int and a uint which are included in AMF3 as separate types. Number types are identical to AMF0 encoding while Integers have variable length from 1 to 4 bytes where the most significant bit of bytes 1-3 indicates that they are followed by another byte. The various AMF Protocols are supported by many server-side languages and technologies, in the form of libraries and services that must be installed and integrated by

5590-520: The manpower to recode their applications quickly enough. ) Current versions of Flash Player are optimized to use hardware acceleration for video playback and 3D graphics rendering on many devices, including desktop computers. Performance is similar to HTML video playback. Also, Flash Player has been used on multiple mobile devices as a primary user interface renderer. Although code written in ActionScript 3 executes up to 10 times faster than

5676-550: The need for third-party plugins. This led to the eventual deprecation of the platform. Flash Player was officially discontinued on 31 December 2020, and its download page was removed two days later. Since 12 January 2021, Flash Player (original global variants) versions newer than 32.0.0.371, released in May 2020, refuse to play Flash content and instead display a static warning message. The software remains supported in mainland China and in some enterprise variants. Adobe Flash Player

5762-528: The normal means of launching Internet Explorer in Windows 11 and later versions of Windows 10 , but it is still possible for users to launch the browser from the Control Panel 's browser toolbar settings or via PowerShell . On June 15, 2022, Internet Explorer 11 support ended for the Windows 10 Semi-Annual Channel (SAC). Users on these versions of Windows 10 were redirected to Microsoft Edge starting on February 14, 2023, and visual references to

5848-468: The number of security vulnerabilities that had been discovered in the software, and its nature as a closed platform controlled by Adobe. Apple co-founder Steve Jobs was highly critical of Flash Player, having published an open letter criticising the platform and detailing Apple's reasoning for not supporting Flash on its iOS device family. Its usage further waned due to more modern web standards which replaced some of Flash's functionality, reducing

5934-424: The object properties can be sorted in a different order from the one in which they are placed in actionscript. For coloring/markup, refer to the legend below. The code above will work only for built-in classes like Object . To serialise and deserialise custom classes, the user needs to declare them using the registerClassAlias command or else an error will be thrown by the player. Although, strictly speaking, AMF

6020-452: The player have been available at some point for BeOS . In 2011, Flash Player had emerged as the de facto standard for online video publishing on the desktop, with adaptive bitrate video streaming, DRM , and fullscreen support. On mobile devices, however, after Apple refused to allow the Flash Player within iOS 's integrated web browser, Adobe changed its strategy, enabling Flash content to be delivered as native mobile applications using

6106-479: The plugin was discontinued, some users have figured how to modify and repack the China-specific variant to bring it more in line with the global variant. This includes removing the "Flash Helper Service" and removing the China only installation restriction, along with all other geo-restrictions and tracking code. A "time bomb," similar to the one found in later versions of the global variant, is also present in

6192-542: The prior ActionScript 2, the Adobe ActionScript 3 compiler is a non- optimizing compiler , and produces inefficient bytecode in the resulting SWF, when compared to toolkits such as CrossBridge . CrossBridge , a toolkit that targets C++ code to run within the Flash Player, uses the LLVM compiler to produce bytecode that runs up to 10 times faster than code the ActionScript 3 compiler produces, only because

6278-548: The protocol specifies significant changes that allow for a more compressed format. The data markers are as follows: The first 4 types are not followed by any data (Booleans have two types in AMF3). Additional markers used by Flash Player 10 (the format is still referred to as AMF3) are as follows: AMF3 aims for more compression and one of the ways it achieves this is by avoiding string duplication by saving them into an array against which all new string are checked. The byte following

6364-802: The software. Although bearing a name like NCSA Mosaic, Spyglass Mosaic had used the NCSA Mosaic source code sparingly. The first version, dubbed Microsoft Internet Explorer, was installed as part of the Internet Jumpstart Kit in the Microsoft Plus! pack for Windows 95 . The Internet Explorer team began with about six people in early development. Internet Explorer 1.5 was released several months later for Windows NT and added support for basic table rendering. By including it free of charge with their operating system , they did not have to pay royalties to Spyglass Inc, resulting in

6450-407: The standards, including HTML, CSS, and the DOM. This has resulted in several web pages that appear broken in standards-compliant web browsers and has introduced the need for a "quirks mode" to allow for rendering improper elements meant for Internet Explorer in these other browsers. Internet Explorer has introduced several extensions to the DOM that have been adopted by other browsers. These include

6536-415: The string marker is no longer denoting pure length but it is a complex byte where the least significant bit indicated whether the string is 'inline' (1) i.e. not in the array or 'reference' (0) in which case the index of the array is saved. The table includes keys as well as values. In older versions of Flash Player there existed one number type called 'Number' which was a 64-bit double precision encoding. In

6622-551: The unmodified China variant; this is also removed in most repacks. In theory, these repacks should provide users outside of China with the latest security updates to Flash Player, without having to deal with invasive advertisements or worry about privacy risks. One such project, "Clean Flash Installer," was served a DMCA takedown from Adobe in October 2021. Adobe has partnered with Harman to support enterprise Flash Player users until at least 2023. The Harman Flash player variant

6708-452: The web through emulators such as Ruffle , with varying degrees of compatibility and performance, although this is not endorsed by Adobe . Starting from Chrome 76, Flash is disabled by default without any prompts to activate Flash content. Users who wanted to play Flash content had to manually set a browser to prompt for Flash content, and then during each browser session, enable Flash plugin for every site individually. Microsoft Edge, which

6794-478: Was a version of Flash Player kept up to date with security updates, but none of the new features or bug fixes available in later versions. In August 2016, Adobe discontinued the ESR branch and instead focused solely on the standard release. Version 10 can be run under Windows 98/Me using KernelEx. HP offered Version 6 of the player for HP-UX , while Innotek GmbH offered versions 4 and 5 for OS/2 . Other versions of

6880-598: Was announced that Adobe would be bringing Flash to TV sets via Intel Media Processor CE 3100 before mid-2009. ARM Holdings later said it welcomes the move of Flash, because "it will transform mobile applications and it removes the claim that the desktop controls the Internet." However, as of May 2009, the expected ARM/Linux netbook devices had poor support for Web video and fragmented software base. Among other devices, LeapFrog Enterprises provides Flash Player with their Leapster Multimedia Learning System and extended

6966-475: Was made available for Windows Server 2012 and Windows Embedded 8 Standard , the only still supported edition of Windows 8 in April 2019. Microsoft Edge was officially unveiled on January 21, 2015 as "Project Spartan". On April 29, 2015, Microsoft announced that Microsoft Edge would replace Internet Explorer as the default browser in Windows 10. However, Internet Explorer remained the default web browser on

7052-1283: Was once the most widely used web browser, attaining a peak of 95% usage share by 2003. It has since fallen out of general use after retirement. This came after Microsoft used bundling to win the first browser war against Netscape , which was the dominant browser in the 1990s. Its usage share has since declined with the launches of Firefox (2004) and Google Chrome (2008) and with the growing popularity of mobile operating systems such as Android and iOS that do not support Internet Explorer. Microsoft Edge, IE's successor, first overtook Internet Explorer in terms of market share in November 2019. Versions of Internet Explorer for other operating systems have also been produced, including an Xbox 360 version called Internet Explorer for Xbox and for platforms Microsoft no longer supports: Internet Explorer for Mac and Internet Explorer for UNIX ( Solaris and HP-UX ), and an embedded OEM version called Pocket Internet Explorer, later rebranded Internet Explorer Mobile , made for Windows CE , Windows Phone , and, previously, based on Internet Explorer 7, for Windows Phone 7 . The browser has been scrutinized throughout its development for its use of third-party technology (such as

7138-436: Was started in the summer of 1994 by Thomas Reardon , who, according to former project lead Ben Slivka, used source code from Spyglass, Inc. Mosaic, which was an early commercial web browser with formal ties to the pioneering National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) Mosaic browser. In late 1994, Microsoft licensed Spyglass Mosaic for a quarterly fee plus a percentage of Microsoft's non-Windows revenues for

7224-481: Was supported until October 10, 2023 alongside the end of support for Windows Embedded Compact 2013 , while IE9 is supported until January 13, 2026 alongside the end of ESU support for Premium Assurance customers on Windows Server 2008 . Barring additional changes to the support policy, Internet Explorer 11 will be supported until January 13, 2032, concurrent with the end of support for Windows 10 IoT Enterprise LTSC 2021. Internet Explorer has been designed to view

7310-621: Was the final release, and Microsoft began the process of deprecating Internet Explorer. During this process, it will still be maintained as part of Microsoft's support policies. Since January 12, 2016, only the latest version of Internet Explorer available for each version of Windows has been supported. At the time, nearly half of Internet Explorer users were using an unsupported version. In February 2019, Microsoft Chief of Security Chris Jackson recommended that users stop using Internet Explorer as their default browser. Various websites have dropped support for Internet Explorer. On June 1, 2020,

7396-554: Was unchanged until the release of Flash Player 9 and ActionScript 3.0, when new data types and language features prompted an update, called AMF3. Flash Player 10 added vector and dictionary data types documented in a revised specification of January 2013. Adobe Systems published the AMF binary data protocol specification in December 2007 and announced that it will support the developer community to make this protocol available for every major server platform. The following amf-packet

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