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97-573: Adampur is a town, a municipal council and a sub-tehsil in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab . Adampur Doaba is located at 31°26′N 75°43′E  /  31.43°N 75.72°E  / 31.43; 75.72 . It has an average elevation of 233 metres (764 feet). It is located at a distance of 24 km from its district headquarters Jalandhar and approximately 26 km from Hoshiarpur . The nearest hill station

194-623: A Canadian Forces base , CFB Winnipeg , operates from the airport and is the regional headquarters of the North American Aerospace Defense Command . The name Manitoba possibly derives from either Cree manitou-wapow or Ojibwe manidoobaa , both meaning ' straits of Manitou , the Great Spirit ' . Alternatively, it may be from the Assiniboine minnetoba , meaning ' Lake of

291-477: A Group Representation Constituency (GRC), a Single Member Constituency (SMC), or a collection of neighbouring GRCs and SMCs controlled by the same political party. The Members of Parliament head the town councils of their constituencies. Town councils boundaries do not correspond to new town boundaries; different parts of the same HDB town may be managed by different town councils. In the Republic of China ,

388-700: A Chief Executive Officer or Secretary of the Municipality who is responsible for the day-to-day administration. In cities Municipal Corporation acts as the governing body. Municipal councils are parliamentary bodies established in local authorities in accordance with Article 93 of the Constitution of Japan and Article 89 of the Local Autonomy Act , etc. The Yokohama and Osaka City Councils are examples. The Municipal Council in Moldova

485-625: A Christian denomination: on the 2021 census, 54.2% reported being Christian, followed by 2.7% Sikh , 2.0% Muslim, 1.4% Hindu, 0.9% Jewish, and 0.8% Indigenous spirituality . 36.7% reported no religious affiliation. The largest Christian denominations by number of adherents were the Roman Catholic Church with 21.2%; the United Church of Canada with 5.8%; and the Anglican Church of Canada with 3.3%. Manitoba has

582-667: A City by the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994 such as Glasgow City Council . The three cities which are not council areas have no city council. In Wales , where the lowest tier of local government is known as a community , the Community Council may unilaterally declare itself to be a Town Council, but this has the same status as a Community Council. A city council may be: City councils and town boards generally consist of several (usually somewhere between 5 and 51) elected aldermen or councillors . In

679-596: A compromise stating Catholics in Manitoba could have their own religious instruction for 30 minutes at the end of the day if there were enough students to warrant it, implemented on a school-by-school basis. By 1911, Winnipeg was the third largest city in Canada, and remained so until overtaken by Vancouver in the 1920s. A boomtown, it grew quickly around the start of the 20th century, with outside investors and immigrants contributing to its success. The drop in growth in

776-628: A deployed operating base for CF-18 Hornet fighter–bombers assigned to the Canadian NORAD Region. The two 17 Wing squadrons based in the city are: the 402 ("City of Winnipeg" Squadron), which flies the Canadian designed and produced de Havilland Canada CT-142 Dash 8 navigation trainer in support of the 1 Canadian Forces Flight Training School's Air Combat Systems Officer and Airborne Electronic Sensor Operator training programs (which trains all Canadian Air Combat Systems Officer); and

873-562: A mayor and a number of councillors, who are directly elected in municipal elections every three years. Town councils in Belize are responsible for a range of functions, including street maintenance and lighting, drainage, refuse collection, public cemeteries, infrastructure, parks and playgrounds. Township councils in Ontario play a similar role as city councils in cities for smaller or low tier municipalities. Directly elected every four years,

970-418: A moderately strong economy based largely on natural resources. Its Gross Domestic Product was C$ 50.834 billion in 2008. The province's economy grew 2.4 percent in 2008, the third consecutive year of growth. The average individual income in Manitoba in 2006 was C$ 25,100 (compared to a national average of C$ 26,500), ranking fifth-highest among the provinces. As of October 2009, Manitoba's unemployment rate

1067-627: A municipal council represents a special municipality or a provincial city . Members of the councils are elected through municipal elections held every four–five years. Councils for the special municipalities in Taiwan are Taipei City Council , New Taipei City Council , Taichung City Council , Tainan City Council , Kaohsiung City Council and Taoyuan City Council . Councils for the provincial cities in Taiwan are Chiayi City Council , Hsinchu City Council , and Keelung City Council . In Ukraine , almost all cities have their City Councils, and

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1164-661: A polarization over the rise of Bolshevism in Russia . The most dramatic result was the Winnipeg general strike of 1919. It began on 15 May and collapsed on 25 June 1919; as the workers gradually returned to their jobs, the Central Strike Committee decided to end the movement. Government efforts to violently crush the strike, including a Royal North-West Mounted Police charge into a crowd of protesters that resulted in multiple casualties and one death, had led to

1261-567: A province in 1870, all land became the property of the federal government, with homesteads granted to settlers for farming. Transcontinental railways were constructed to simplify trade. Manitoba's economy depended mainly on farming, which persisted until drought and the Great Depression led to further diversification. CFB Winnipeg is a Canadian Forces Base at the Winnipeg International Airport. The base

1358-479: A similar but separate form of legislature called " Sangguniang Panlungsod " (literally "city council"). The Local Government Code of 1991 established the current local government structure, including municipal councils. City councils range from 12, in most cities, to 38 members, such as the Manila City Council . Members of city councils are called "councilors". The Local Government Act 2001 restyled

1455-457: A single entity (e.g. Brisbane and other Queensland cities), while others may be controlled by a multitude of much smaller city councils. Also, some significant urban areas can be under the jurisdiction of otherwise rural local governments. Periodic re-alignments of boundaries attempt to rationalize these situations and adjust the deployment of assets and resources. There are currently seven town councils in Belize . Each town council consists of

1552-869: A steep drop in agricultural production due to drought led to economic diversification, moving away from a reliance on wheat production. The Manitoba Co-operative Commonwealth Federation , forerunner to the New Democratic Party of Manitoba (NDP), was founded in 1932. Canada entered the Second World War in 1939. Winnipeg was one of the major commands for the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan to train fighter pilots, and there were air training schools throughout Manitoba. Several Manitoba-based regiments were deployed overseas, including Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry . In an effort to raise money for

1649-658: A town council. If another type of local council, such as a district authority, covers a single town (such as Luton or Stevenage ) then the council is often a 'borough council': borough status is however conferred at the discretion of the Crown . There is also the London assembly which is City council by default Civil parishes are the most local level in the local government system. The higher levels are district , unitary and county . However town councils are not subordinate in democratic accountability to those higher levels, but to

1746-510: A widely varied landscape, from arctic tundra and the Hudson Bay coastline in the north to dense boreal forest , large freshwater lakes , and prairie grassland in the central and southern regions. Indigenous peoples have inhabited what is now Manitoba for thousands of years. In the early 17th century, English and French fur traders began arriving in the area and establishing settlements. The Kingdom of England secured control of

1843-537: Is Dharamshala which is the headquarters of the Dalai Lama . Another hill-station around Adampur is McLeodganj . The Main Bazaar is the main market and one of the best areas to live in and around the town. It is situated in the center of Punjab and its two main cities, Jalandhar and Hoshiarpur . The clock tower of Adampur and Punjab Khadi Mandal are some of the oldest buildings of this town. The Khadi Bhandar

1940-641: Is Winnipeg , the sixth most populous municipality in Canada. Winnipeg is the seat of government, home to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba and the Provincial Court . Four of the province's five universities, all four of its professional sports teams, and most of its cultural activities (including Festival du Voyageur and Folklorama ) are located in Winnipeg. The city has an international airport as well as train and bus stations;

2037-631: Is a major tourist attraction; the town is a world capital for polar bear and beluga whale watchers. Manitoba is the only province with an Arctic deep-water seaport, at Churchill. In January 2018, the Canadian Federation of Independent Business claimed Manitoba was the most improved province for tackling red tape . Manitoba's early economy depended on mobility and living off the land. Indigenous Nations (Cree, Ojibwa, Dene, Sioux and Assiniboine) followed herds of bison and congregated to trade among themselves at key meeting places throughout

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2134-641: Is cold and windy in the winter and has frequent blizzards due to the openness of the Canadian Prairie landscape. Summers are generally warm to hot, with low to moderate humidity. Southern parts of the province, just north of Tornado Alley , experience tornadoes , with 16 confirmed touchdowns in 2016. In 2007, on 22 and 23 June, numerous tornadoes touched down, the largest an F5 tornado that devastated parts of Elie (the strongest recorded tornado in Canada). The province's northern sections (including

2231-556: Is exposed to cold Arctic high-pressure air masses from the northwest during January and February. In the summer, air masses sometimes come out of the Southern United States , as warm humid air is drawn northward from the Gulf of Mexico . Temperatures exceed 30 °C (86 °F) numerous times each summer, and the combination of heat and humidity can bring the humidex value to the mid-40s. Carman, Manitoba , recorded

2328-400: Is governed by a unicameral legislative assembly . The executive branch is formed by the governing party; the party leader is the premier of Manitoba , the head of the executive branch. The head of state, King Charles III , is represented by the lieutenant governor of Manitoba , who is appointed by the governor general of Canada on advice of the prime minister . The head of state

2425-480: Is grain farming in the Carrot Valley Region (near The Pas ). Around 11 per cent of Canada's farmland is in Manitoba. Manitoba has an extreme continental climate . Temperatures and precipitation generally decrease from south to north and increase from east to west. Manitoba is far from the moderating influences of mountain ranges or large bodies of water. Because of the generally flat landscape, it

2522-603: Is home to flight operations support divisions and several training schools, as well as the 1 Canadian Air Division and Canadian NORAD Region Headquarters. 17 Wing of the Canadian Forces is based at CFB Winnipeg; the Wing has three squadrons and six schools. It supports 113 units from Thunder Bay to the Saskatchewan/Alberta border, and from the 49th parallel north to the high Arctic . 17 Wing acts as

2619-537: Is home to the largest Icelandic community outside of Iceland . As of the 2021 Canadian Census , the ten most spoken languages in the province included English (1,288,950 or 98.6%), French (111,790 or 8.55%), Tagalog (73,440 or 5.62%), Punjabi (42,820 or 3.28%), German (41,980 or 3.21%), Hindi (26,980 or 2.06%), Spanish (23,435 or 1.79%), Mandarin (16,765 or 1.28%), Cree (16,115 or 1.23%), and Plautdietsch (15,055 or 1.15%). The question on knowledge of languages allows for multiple responses. Most Manitobans belong to

2716-408: Is led by a mayor ( ordfører ) and is divided into an executive council ( formannskap ) and a number of committees, each responsible for a subsection of tasks. It is not uncommon for some members of the council to sit in the county councils too, but very rare that they also hold legislative ( Storting ) or Government office, without leave of absence . The municipal council dates back to 1837 with

2813-555: Is the governing body in five municipalities: Chișinău , Bălți , Tiraspol and Bendery (also known as Tighina or Bender ). The Municipal Council ( Moldovan language : Consiliul municipal ) serves as a consultative body with some powers of general policy determination. It is composed of a legally determined number of counsellors (for example 35 in Bălți) elected every four years, representing political parties and independent counsellors. Once elected, counsellors may form fractions inside of

2910-535: Is the lowest at sea level. Riding Mountain , the Pembina Hills , Sandilands Provincial Forest , and the Canadian Shield are also upland regions. Much of the province's sparsely inhabited north and east lie on the irregular granite Canadian Shield, including Whiteshell , Atikaki , and Nopiming Provincial Parks . Extensive agriculture is found only in the province's southern areas, although there

3007-579: The Boreal forest of Canada which covers the province's eastern, southeastern, and northern reaches. Forests make up about 263,000 square kilometres (102,000 sq mi), or 48 percent, of the province's land area. The forests consist of pines ( Jack Pine , Red Pine , Eastern White Pine ), spruces ( White Spruce , Black Spruce ), Balsam Fir , Tamarack (larch) , poplars ( Trembling Aspen , Balsam Poplar ), birches ( White Birch , Swamp Birch ) and small pockets of Eastern White Cedar . Two sections of

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3104-495: The Local Government Commission in 1989 when approximately 700 councils and special purpose bodies were amalgamated to create 87 new local authorities. As a result, the term "city" began to take on two meanings. The word "city" came to be used in a less formal sense to describe major urban areas independent of local body boundaries. Gisborne , for example, adamantly described itself as the first city in

3201-592: The Meech Lake Accord , a series of constitutional amendments to persuade Quebec to endorse the Canada Act 1982 . Unanimous support in the legislature was needed to bypass public consultation. Cree politician Elijah Harper opposed because he did not believe First Nations had been adequately involved in the Accord's process, and thus the Accord failed. Glen Murray , elected in Winnipeg in 1998, became

3298-736: The Red , Assiniboine , Nelson, Winnipeg , Hayes , Whiteshell and Churchill rivers . Most of Manitoba's inhabited south has developed in the prehistoric bed of Glacial Lake Agassiz . This region, particularly the Red River Valley , is flat and fertile; receding glaciers left hilly and rocky areas throughout the province. The province has a saltwater coastline bordering Hudson Bay and more than 110,000 lakes, covering approximately 15.6 percent or 101,593 square kilometres (39,225 sq mi) of its surface area. Manitoba's major lakes are Lake Manitoba , Lake Winnipegosis , and Lake Winnipeg ,

3395-566: The Shanghai Municipal People's Congress . In spite of enormous differences in populations, each of the communes of the French Republic possesses a mayor ( French : maire ) and a municipal council ( French : conseil municipal ), which manage the commune from the mairie ( city hall ), with exactly the same powers no matter the size of the commune and council. The one exception is the city of Paris, where

3492-533: The constituencies and district boards . Both of the Municipal Councils in Hong Kong are now defunct. In India,a Municipal council is the legislative and decision making body of a municipality. A municipality is the local government for a smaller urban area, known as municipal area. The entire district under the Municipality is divided into smaller legislative units known as a ward. The people of

3589-414: The great grey owl , the province's official bird, and the endangered peregrine falcon . Manitoba's lakes host 18 species of game fish, particularly species of trout , pike , and goldeye , as well as many smaller fish. At the 2021 census, Manitoba had a population of 1,342,153, more than half of which is in Winnipeg. Although initial colonization of the province revolved mostly around homesteading,

3686-617: The last ice age glaciers retreated in the southwest about 10,000 years ago; the first exposed land was the Turtle Mountain area. The Ojibwe , Cree , Dene , Sioux , Mandan , and Assiniboine peoples founded settlements, and other tribes entered the area to trade. In Northern Manitoba, quartz was mined to make arrowheads . The first farming in Manitoba was along the Red River, where corn and other seed crops were planted before contact with Europeans. In 1611, Henry Hudson

3783-527: The tenth-largest freshwater lake in the world. A total of 29,000 square kilometres (11,000 sq mi) of traditional First Nations lands and boreal forest on Lake Winnipeg's east side were officially designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site known as Pimachiowin Aki in 2018. Baldy Mountain is the province's highest point at 832 metres (2,730 ft) above sea level , and the Hudson Bay coast

3880-516: The 1990s, Canadian Forces Base Shilo was designated as an Area Support Unit, acting as a local base of operations for Southwest Manitoba in times of military and civil emergency. CFB Shilo is the home of the 1st Regiment, Royal Canadian Horse Artillery , both battalions of the 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group , and the Royal Canadian Artillery . The Second Battalion of Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry (2 PPCLI), which

3977-553: The 435 ("Chinthe" Transport and Rescue Squadron), which flies the Lockheed C-130 Hercules tanker/transport in airlift search and rescue roles, and is the only Air Force squadron equipped and trained to conduct air-to-air refuelling of fighter aircraft. Canadian Forces Base Shilo (CFB Shilo) is an Operations and Training base of the Canadian Forces 35 kilometres (22 mi) east of Brandon. During

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4074-540: The Air Force base. As of the 2011 India census , the Adampur Municipal Council has population of 20,922 of which 11,152 are males while 9,770 are females as per report released by Census India 2011. Adampur has an average literacy rate of 87.98%, higher than the national average of 75.84%. 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. The scheduled caste population is 47.30% The Virdi family of

4171-638: The Board. The Board was reconstituted in 1935 and hence renamed as Urban Council in the following year after the government had passed the Urban Council Ordinance. Democratisation had been implemented, allowing universal suffrage to happen throughout its development. Two years after the Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong , the council was disbanded in 1999 by the then Chief Executive of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region . All members of

4268-523: The British government gave absolute control of the entire Hudson Bay watershed. This watershed was named Rupert's Land, after Prince Rupert , who helped to subsidize the Hudson's Bay Company. York Factory was founded in 1684 after the original fort of the Hudson's Bay Company, Fort Nelson (built in 1682), was destroyed by rival French traders. Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye , visited

4365-807: The Liberals in 1932. Other parties, including the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), appeared during the Great Depression; in the 1950s, Manitoban politics became a three-party system, and the Liberals gradually declined in power. The CCF became the New Democratic Party of Manitoba (NDP), which came to power in 1969. Since then, the Progressive Conservatives and the NDP have been the dominant parties. Like all Canadian provinces, Manitoba

4462-845: The Municipal Council. Last regional elections of local public administration held in Bălți in June 2007, brought to the power the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (PCRM), which holds 21 mandates, 11 mandates are held by representatives of other parties, and 3 mandates by independents. There are two fractions in the Municipal Council: PCRM fraction (21 counsellors) and "Meleag" fraction (3 independent counsellors and 4 representatives of different parties). The Mayor of

4559-637: The Métis. Twenty colonists, including the governor, and one Métis were killed in the Battle of Seven Oaks in 1816. Rupert's Land was ceded to Canada by the Hudson's Bay Company in 1869 and incorporated into the Northwest Territories; a lack of attention to Métis concerns caused Métis leader Louis Riel to establish a local provisional government which formed into the Convention of Forty and

4656-652: The Prairie ' (the lake was known to French explorers as Lac des Prairies ). The name was chosen by Thomas Spence for the new republic he proposed for the area south of the lake. Métis leader Louis Riel preferred the name over the proposed alternative of "Assiniboia". It was accepted in Ottawa under the Manitoba Act, 1870 . Modern-day Manitoba was inhabited by the First Nations people shortly after

4753-618: The Ramgarhia community are one of the oldest serving families in Adampur tracing their settlement into the town from the 1700s. The city is part of the Adampur legislative assembly constituency . Sukhwinder Singh Kotli of Congress is the current MLA from this seat. The town comes under the Jalandhar parliamentary constituency , which is currently represented by Sushil Kumar Rinku of Aam Aadmi Party. Municipal council Because of

4850-737: The Red River Valley in the 1730s to help open the area for French exploration and trade. As French explorers entered the area, a Montreal -based company, the North West Company , began trading with the local Indigenous people. Both the North West Company and the Hudson's Bay Company built fur-trading forts; the two companies competed in southern Manitoba, occasionally resulting in violence, until they merged in 1821 (the Hudson's Bay Company Archives in Winnipeg preserve

4947-413: The United States, members of city councils are typically called council member , council man , council woman , councilman , or councilwoman , while in Canada they are typically called councillor . Manitoba Manitoba is a province of Canada at the longitudinal centre of the country. It is Canada's fifth-most populous province , with a population of 1,342,153 as of 2021. Manitoba has

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5044-412: The arrest of the movement's leaders. In the aftermath, eight leaders went on trial, and most were convicted on charges of seditious conspiracy , illegal combinations, and seditious libel ; four were deported under the Canadian Immigration Act . The Great Depression (1929– c.  1939 ) hit especially hard in Western Canada , including Manitoba. The collapse of the world market combined with

5141-422: The campaign for women's votes. On January 28, 1916, the vote for women was legalized. Manitoba was the first province to allow women to vote in provincial elections. This was two years before Canada as a country granted women the right to vote. After the First World War ended, severe discontent among farmers (over wheat prices) and union members (over wage rates) resulted in an upsurge of radicalism , coupled with

5238-526: The city of Thompson ) fall in the subarctic climate zone ( Köppen climate classification Dfc ). This region features long and extremely cold winters and brief, warm summers with little precipitation. Overnight temperatures as low as −40 °C (−40 °F) occur on several days each winter. Manitoba natural communities may be grouped within five ecozones: boreal plains , prairie , taiga shield , boreal shield and Hudson plains . Three of these—taiga shield, boreal shield and Hudson plain—contain part of

5335-427: The city police is in the hands of the central state , not in the hands of the mayor of Paris. This uniformity of status is a clear legacy of the French Revolution, which wanted to do away with the local idiosyncrasies and tremendous differences of status that existed in the kingdom of France. The size of a commune still matters, however, in two domains: French law determines the size of the municipal council according to

5432-656: The common areas of Housing and Development Board (HDB) flats and estates, such as the common corridors, void decks , lifts, water tanks, external lighting and the open spaces surrounding the estates. They are regulated under the Town Councils Act ( Cap. 329A, 2000 Rev. Ed. ). The rationale was to delegate the duties of estate management to the members of parliament in addition to their existing responsibilities. They would also gain management experience and be accountable to their district's resident voters. Town councils boundaries are drawn based on electoral districts boundaries. A town council area can consist of

5529-495: The control of Rupert's Land was passed from Great Britain to the Government of Canada in 1869, Manitoba attained full-fledged rights and responsibilities of self-government as the first Canadian province carved out of Rupert's Land . The Legislative Assembly of Manitoba was established on 14 July 1870. Political parties first emerged between 1878 and 1883, with a two-party system ( Liberals and Conservatives ). The United Farmers of Manitoba appeared in 1922, and later merged with

5626-413: The council were elected through universal suffrage by the time of the dissolution. The counterpart of the Municipal Council serving the New Territories (excluding New Kowloon ) was the Regional Council established as the Provisional Regional Council in 1986. The functional select committees, district committees, and sub-committees constituted the entire Regional Council. All members were elected from

5723-490: The creation of the Formannskabsdistrikt . In cities, the council is often called a city council ( bystyre ). The Palestinian National Authority established village councils to serve as local administrations and service providers for Palestinian villages and small towns. Village councils are also referred to as D-level municipalities. In the Philippines , all municipalities have their own municipal council, and these are officially called: " Sangguniang Bayan ". Cities have

5820-428: The differences in legislation between the states , the exact definition of a city council varies. However, it is generally only those local government areas which have been specifically granted city status (usually on a basis of population) that are entitled to refer to themselves as cities. The official title is "Corporation of the City of ______" or similar. Some of the urban areas of Australia are governed mostly by

5917-462: The east and Saskatchewan to the west, the territory of Nunavut to the north, and the US states of North Dakota and Minnesota to the south. Manitoba is at the centre of the Hudson Bay drainage basin, with a high volume of the water draining into Lake Winnipeg and then north down the Nelson River into Hudson Bay. This basin's rivers reach far west to the mountains, far south into the United States, and east into Ontario. Major watercourses include

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6014-414: The electorate of their civil parish area. The chairman of a town council is entitled to be styled as "town mayor". This term contrasts with simply "mayor", which means the mayor of a borough or a city . However, this is often abbreviated simply to mayor, especially where the town was historically a borough or city, such as Lewes or Ely . In Scotland , the term ' provost ' is commonly used to designate

6111-495: The end of French schools. In 1890, the Manitoba legislature passed a law removing funding for French Catholic schools . The French Catholic minority asked the federal government for support; however, the Orange Order and other anti-Catholic forces mobilized nationwide to oppose them. The federal Conservatives proposed remedial legislation to override Manitoba, but they were blocked by the Liberals , led by Wilfrid Laurier . Once elected Prime Minister in 1896, Laurier implemented

6208-414: The first openly gay mayor of a large North American city. The province was impacted by major flooding in 2009 and 2011 . In 2004, Manitoba became the first province in Canada to ban indoor smoking in public places. In 2013, Manitoba was the second province to introduce accessibility legislation, protecting the rights of persons with disabilities. Manitoba is bordered by the provinces of Ontario to

6305-485: The five county boroughs of Dublin , Cork , Galway , Waterford , and Limerick as cities, each with a city council, having the same status in law as county councils. The Local Government Reform Act 2014 amalgamated Limerick City Council and Limerick County Council to form Limerick City and County Council , and Waterford City Council and Waterford County Council to form Waterford City and County Council . In Singapore, town councils are in charge of maintaining

6402-491: The flood led then-Premier Duff Roblin to advocate for the construction of the Red River Floodway ; it was completed in 1968 after six years of excavation. Permanent dikes were erected in eight towns south of Winnipeg, and clay dikes and diversion dams were built in the Winnipeg area. In 1997, the " Flood of the Century " caused over C$ 400 million in damages in Manitoba, but the floodway prevented Winnipeg from flooding. In 1990, Prime Minister Brian Mulroney attempted to pass

6499-435: The government department Local Government New Zealand . For many decades until the local government reforms of 1989, a borough with more than 20,000 people could be proclaimed a city . The boundaries of councils tended to follow the edge of the built-up area, so little distinction was made between the urban area and the local government area. New Zealand's local government structural arrangements were significantly reformed by

6596-440: The history of this era). Great Britain secured the territory in 1763 after their victory over France in the North American theatre of the Seven Years' War , better known as the French and Indian War in North America; lasting from 1754 to 1763. The founding of the first agricultural community and settlements in 1812 by Lord Selkirk , north of the area which is now downtown Winnipeg, led to conflict between British colonists and

6693-798: The last century has seen a shift towards urbanization; Manitoba is the only Canadian province with over fifty-five percent of its population in a single city. The largest ethnic group in Manitoba is English (16.1%), followed by Scottish (14.5%), German (13.6%), Ukrainian (12.6%), Irish (11.0%), French (9.3%), Canadian (8.4%), Filipino (7.0%), Métis (6.8%), Polish (6.0%), First Nations (4.5%), Mennonite (3.9%), Russian (3.7%), Dutch (3.3%), Indian (3.0%), and Icelandic (2.4%). Indigenous peoples (including Métis) are Manitoba's fastest-growing ethnic group, representing 13.6 percent of Manitoba's population as of 2001 (some reserves refused to allow census-takers to enumerate their populations or were otherwise incompletely counted). Gimli, Manitoba

6790-493: The last mayor elections in Chișinău . In the Netherlands, the municipal council (Dutch: gemeenteraad ) is the elected assembly of the municipality. It consists of between 9 and 45 members (as determined by law) who are elected by the citizens once every four years. The council's main tasks are setting the city's policies and overseeing the execution of those policies by the municipality's executive board . Local councils in New Zealand do vary in structure, but are overseen by

6887-465: The late 19th century with the chiefs of First Nations that lived in the area. They made specific promises of land for every family. As a result, a reserve system was established under the jurisdiction of the federal government . The prescribed amount of land promised to the native peoples was not always given; this led Indigenous groups to assert rights to the land through land claims , many of which are still ongoing. The original province of Manitoba

6984-438: The leader of the town council. Historically the term 'town council' was used for the governing body of a municipal borough until the 1972 Act . A city council may be: Belfast City Council is now the only city council. Since the local government reforms of 2015 the other four cities form parts of wider districts and do not have their own councils. A city council is the council of one of four council areas designated

7081-574: The leading sources of potatoes. Portage la Prairie is a major potato processing centre. Richardson International , one of the largest oat mills in the world, also has a plant in the municipality . Manitoba's largest employers are government and government-funded institutions, including crown corporations and services like hospitals and universities . Major private-sector employers are The Great-West Life Assurance Company , Cargill Ltd. , and Richardson International. Manitoba also has large manufacturing and tourism sectors. Churchill's Arctic wildlife

7178-603: The mayors (usually elected by people) are the chairmen of them (e.g.: Kyiv City Council , Kharkiv City Council , Odesa City Council , Lviv City Council , Chernihiv City Council ). In the United Kingdom, not all cities have city councils, and the status and functions of city councils vary. In England , since the Local Government Act 1972 , "town council" is the specific name given to a civil parish council which has declared itself by resolution to be

7275-538: The municipality is elected for four years. In Bălți, Vasile Panciuc (PCRM) is the incumbent from 2001 and was re-elected twice: in 2003 during the anticipated elections (as a result of a new reform of the administrative division in Moldova in 2003), and in 2007. In Chișinău, the last mayor elections had to be repeated three times, because of the low rate of participation. As a result, Dorin Chirtoacă (Liberal Party), won

7372-416: The northern reach of its western neighbours Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia . The Manitoba Schools Question showed the deep divergence of cultural values in the territory. The Catholic Franco-Manitobans had been guaranteed a state-supported separate school system in the original constitution of Manitoba, but a grassroots political movement among English Protestants from 1888 to 1890 demanded

7469-676: The number of councillors vary depending on the size of their municipalities. The councillors' powers and responsibilities are governed by the Municipal Act of Ontario. Manitoba town council members serve primarily as a policy and direction board for the community. They consist of five to seven members with the head of council being the mayor or reeve . Municipal councils exist in the People's Republic of China , these are designated as Municipal People's Congress in many sub-provincial cities and direct-administered municipalities such as

7566-653: The population of the commune; and the size of the population determines which voting process is used for the election of the municipal council. Established as the Sanitary Board in 1883, the Municipal Council in Hong Kong Island and Kowloon (including the New Kowloon ) provided municipal services to the covered regions in the then British Hong Kong . Partial elections were allowed in 1887, though merely enabling selected persons to vote for members of

7663-517: The presence of the endangered western prairie fringed orchid . Manitoba is especially noted for its northern polar bear population; Churchill is commonly referred to as the "Polar Bear Capital". In the waters off the northern coast of the province are numerous marine species, including the beluga whale . Other populations of animals, including moose , white-tailed deer , mule deer , black and brown bears , coyote , cougar , red fox , Canada lynx , and grey wolf , are distributed throughout

7760-455: The province are not dominated by forest. The province's northeast corner bordering Hudson Bay is above the treeline and considered tundra . The tallgrass prairie once dominated the south-central and southeastern regions, including the Red River Valley. Mixed grass prairie is found in the southwestern region. Agriculture has replaced much of the natural vegetation but prairie can still be found in parks and protected areas; some are notable for

7857-419: The province, especially in the provincial and national parks . There is a large population of red-sided garter snakes near Narcisse ; the overwintering dens there are seasonally home to the world's largest concentration of snakes. Manitoba's bird diversity is enhanced by its position on two major migration routes, with 392 confirmed identified species; 287 of these nesting within the province. These include

7954-474: The province. After the arrival of the first European traders in the 17th century, the economy centred on the trade of beaver pelts and other furs. Diversification of the economy came when Lord Selkirk brought the first agricultural settlers in 1811, though the triumph of the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) over its competitors ensured the primacy of the fur trade over widespread agricultural colonization. HBC control of Rupert's Land ended in 1868; when Manitoba became

8051-495: The region in 1673 and created a territory named Rupert's Land , which was placed under the administration of the Hudson's Bay Company . Rupert's Land, which included all of present-day Manitoba, grew and evolved from 1673 until 1869 with significant settlements of Indigenous and Métis people in the Red River Colony . Negotiations for the creation of the province of Manitoba commenced in 1869, but deep disagreements over

8148-708: The right to self-determination led to an armed conflict, known as the Red River Rebellion , between the federal government and the people (particularly Métis) of the Red River Colony. The resolution of the conflict and further negotiations led to Manitoba becoming the fifth province to join Canadian Confederation , when the Parliament of Canada passed the Manitoba Act on 15 July 1870. Manitoba's capital and largest city

8245-687: The second half of the decade was a result of the opening of the Panama Canal in 1914, which reduced reliance on transcontinental railways for trade, as well as a decrease in immigration due to the outbreak of the First World War . Over 18,000 Manitoba residents enlisted in the first year of the war; by the end of the war, 14 Manitobans had received the Victoria Cross . During the First World War, Nellie McClung started

8342-404: The second-highest humidex ever in Canada in 2007, with 53.0. According to Environment Canada , Manitoba ranked first for clearest skies year round and ranked second for clearest skies in the summer and for the sunniest province in the winter and spring. Southern Manitoba (including the city of Winnipeg), falls into the humid continental climate zone (Köppen Dfb). This area is cold and windy in

8439-584: The subsequent elected Legislative Assembly of Assiniboia on 9 March 1870. This assembly subsequently sent three delegates to Ottawa to negotiate with the Canadian government . This resulted in the Manitoba Act and that province's entry into Confederation . Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald introduced the Manitoba Act in the House of Commons of Canada , the bill was given Royal Assent and Manitoba

8536-474: The war effort, the Victory Loan campaign organized " If Day " in 1942. The event featured a simulated Nazi invasion and occupation of Manitoba, and eventually raised over C$ 65 million. Winnipeg was inundated during the 1950 Red River Flood and had to be partially evacuated. In that year, the Red River reached its highest level since 1861 and flooded most of the Red River Valley. The damage caused by

8633-576: The ward elect a councillor known as the municipal councillor, and all such councillors together make the Council. The Council is the Legislative and decision-making unit of the Municipality. The head of the council is called a Chairperson, or President, followed by a Vice-chairperson or a Vice-president. All the meetings are conducted and presided over by the President. The state government appoints

8730-457: The winter and often has blizzards because of the open landscape. Summers are warm with a moderate length. This region is the most humid area in the prairie provinces, with moderate precipitation. Southwestern Manitoba, though under the same climate classification as the rest of Southern Manitoba, is closer to the semi-arid interior of Palliser's Triangle . The area is drier and more prone to droughts than other parts of southern Manitoba. This area

8827-536: The world to see the new millennium. Gisborne is administered by a district council, but its status as a city is not generally disputed. Under the current law, the minimum population for a new city is 50,000. The municipal council ( Norwegian : Kommunestyre ), literally municipal board, is the highest governing body of the municipality in Norway . The municipal council sets the scope of municipal activity, takes major decisions, and delegates responsibility. The council

8924-444: Was 5.8 percent. Manitoba's economy relies heavily on agriculture, tourism, electricity, oil, mining, and forestry. Agriculture is vital and is found mostly in the southern half of the province, although grain farming occurs as far north as The Pas. The most common agricultural activity is cattle husbandry, followed by assorted grains and oilseed . Manitoba is the nation's largest producer of sunflower seed and dry beans, and one of

9021-493: Was a square one-eighteenth of its current size, and was known colloquially as the "postage stamp province". Its borders were expanded in 1881, taking land from the Northwest Territories and the District of Keewatin , but Ontario claimed a large portion of the land; the disputed portion was awarded to Ontario in 1889. Manitoba grew to its current size in 1912, absorbing land from the Northwest Territories to reach 60°N, uniform with

9118-480: Was brought into Canada as a province in 1870. Louis Riel was pursued by British army officer Garnet Wolseley because of the rebellion, and Riel fled into exile. The Canadian government blocked the Métis' attempts to obtain land promised to them as part of Manitoba's entry into confederation. Facing racism from the new flood of white settlers from Ontario, large numbers of Métis moved to what would become Saskatchewan and Alberta . Numbered Treaties were signed in

9215-467: Was inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi . The Adampur Air Force Station was built by the British in the early 1900s and is the second largest Air Force base in India. The domestic airport of Jalandhar is also situated at Adampur. The railway line which runs through Adampur was constructed by the British in 1902. Adampur train station was built, which was later renamed Khurdpur due to the close proximity of

9312-409: Was one of the first Europeans to sail into what is now known as Hudson Bay, where he was abandoned by his crew. Thomas Button travelled this area in 1612 in an unsuccessful attempt to find and rescue Hudson. When the British ship Nonsuch sailed into Hudson Bay in 1668–1669, she became the first trading vessel to reach the area; that voyage led to the formation of the Hudson's Bay Company, to which

9409-561: Was originally stationed in Winnipeg (first at Fort Osborne, then in Kapyong Barracks), has operated out of CFB Shilo since 2004. CFB Shilo hosts a training unit, 3rd Canadian Division Training Centre. It serves as a base for support units of 3rd Canadian Division , also including 3 CDSG Signals Squadron, Shared Services Unit (West), 11 CF Health Services Centre, 1 Dental Unit, 1 Military Police Regiment, and an Integrated Personnel Support Centre. The base houses 1,700 soldiers. After

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