102-642: The Alfred E. Smith Memorial Foundation Dinner , commonly known as the Al Smith Dinner , is an annual white tie dinner in New York City to raise funds for Catholic charities supporting children of various needs in the Archdiocese of New York . Held at New York City's Waldorf-Astoria Hotel on the third Thursday of October, it is hosted by the Archbishop of New York . It is organized by
204-436: A dress suit , is the most formal evening Western dress code . For men, it consists of a black tail coat (alternatively referred to as a dress coat, usually by tailors) worn over a white dress shirt with a starched or piqué bib, white piqué waistcoat and the white bow tie worn around a standing wing collar . Mid or high-waisted black trousers with galon , a braid of trim consisting of two silk stripes to conceal
306-503: A midnight blue tailcoat, trousers and waistcoat in the 1920s and 1930s both to "soften" the contrast between black and white and allow for photographs to depict the nuances of his tailoring. The late 1920s and 1930s witnessed a resurgence in the dress code's popularity, but by 1953, one etiquette writer stressed that "The modern trend is to wear 'tails' only for the most formal and ceremonious functions, such as important formal dinners, balls, elaborate evening weddings, and opening night at
408-507: A "ritual of American politics ", in the words of Theodore H. White . It is generally the last event at which the two major party presidential candidates share a stage before the election. Apart from presidential candidates, keynote speakers have included Tony Blair , Tom Brokaw , Bob Hope , Henry Kissinger , Clare Boothe Luce , and many other prominent civic, business, and church leaders. Since 1960, when John F. Kennedy (who would become
510-716: A U.S. Senator from Tennessee, and Pauline LaFon Gore , one of the first women to graduate from the Vanderbilt University Law School . Gore is a descendant of Scots Irish immigrants who first settled in Virginia during the mid-17th-century and moved to Tennessee after the Revolutionary War . His older sister Nancy LaFon Gore died of lung cancer in 1984. During the school year he lived with his family in The Fairfax Hotel in
612-471: A ban on interstate sales of guns. In 1981, Gore was quoted as saying with regard to homosexuality, "I think it is wrong", and "I don't pretend to understand it, but it is not just another normal optional life style." In his 1984 Senate race, Gore said when discussing homosexuality, "I do not believe it is simply an acceptable alternative that society should affirm." He also said that he would not take campaign funds from gay rights groups. Although he maintained
714-426: A bill outlawing some late-term abortions. The organizers' explanation was that the candidates had been unable to commit to attending the dinner. The vice presidential candidates, Al Gore and Jack Kemp , spoke instead. In 2004, Archdiocese spokesman Joseph Zwilling explained that the candidates were not invited because "the issues in this year's campaign could provoke division and disagreement," but some speculated that
816-566: A class with oceanographer and global warming theorist Roger Revelle , who sparked Gore's interest in global warming and other environmental issues. Gore earned an A on his thesis, "The Impact of Television on the Conduct of the Presidency, 1947–1969", and graduated with an A.B. cum laude in June 1969. Gore was in college during the era of anti- Vietnam War protests. He was opposed to
918-758: A dozen of the 1,115 Harvard graduates in the Class of '69 who went to Vietnam". Gore was stationed with the 20th Engineer Brigade in Biên Hòa and was a journalist with The Castle Courier. He received an honorable discharge from the Army in May 1971. Of his time in the Army, Gore later stated, "I didn't do the most, or run the gravest danger. But I was proud to wear my country's uniform." He also later stated that his experience in Vietnam didn't change my conclusions about
1020-663: A few debutante balls such as the International Debutante Ball in New York City, and the Veiled Prophet Ball in St. Louis . In the southern United States, white tie is sometimes referred to as "costume de rigueur", adapted from French language due to the historical background of New France . It is sometimes used in invitations to masquerade balls and Mardi Gras celebrations, such as
1122-657: A group chaired by UCLA professor of computer science, Leonard Kleinrock , one of the central creators of the ARPANET (the ARPANET, first deployed by Kleinrock and others in 1969, is the predecessor of the Internet). The bill was passed on December 9, 1991, and led to the National Information Infrastructure (NII) which Gore referred to as the " information superhighway ". After joining
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#17327907314761224-467: A journalist, as he realized that, while he could expose corruption, he could not change it. Gore did not complete law school, deciding abruptly, in 1976, to run for a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives when he found out that his father's former seat in the House was about to be vacated. Gore began serving in the U.S. Congress at the age of 28 and stayed there for the next 16 years, serving in both
1326-405: A moment of personal rebirth", a "key moment in his life" which "changed everything". In August 1991, Gore announced that his son's accident was a factor in his decision not to run for president in 1992 . Gore stated: "I would like to be President.... But I am also a father, and I feel deeply about my responsibility to my children.... I didn't feel right about tearing myself away from my family to
1428-425: A position against homosexuality and gay marriage in the 1980s, Gore said in 2008 that he thinks "gay men and women ought to have the same rights as heterosexual men and women...to join together in marriage." His position as a moderate (and on policies related to that label) shifted later in life after he became Vice President and ran for president in 2000 . During his tenure in the House, Gore voted in favor of
1530-533: A presidential election despite winning the popular vote . After his vice presidency ended in 2001, Gore remained prominent as an author and environmental activist, whose work in climate change activism earned him (jointly with the IPCC ) the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007 . Gore is the founder and current chair of The Climate Reality Project , the co-founder and chair of Generation Investment Management ,
1632-424: A principal adviser on nominations and appointed some of Gore's chief advisers to key White House staff positions. Clinton involved Gore in decision-making to an unprecedented degree for a vice president. Through their weekly lunches and daily conversations, Gore became the president's "indisputable chief adviser". However, Gore had to compete with First Lady Hillary for President Clinton's influence, starting when she
1734-598: A raft of basic technologies like digital imaging and data storage." Critics claimed that the initiatives would "backfire, bloating Congressional pork and creating whole new categories of Federal waste". During the election and his term as vice president, Gore popularized the term Information Superhighway , which became synonymous with the Internet, and he was involved in the creation of the National Information Infrastructure . Gore first discussed his plans to emphasize information technology at UCLA on January 11, 1994, in
1836-581: A running mate who would diversify the ticket , Clinton chose a fellow Southerner who shared his political ideologies and who was nearly the same age as Clinton. The Washington Bureau Chief for The Baltimore Sun , Paul West, later suggested that, "Al Gore revolutionized the way Vice Presidents are made. When he joined Bill Clinton's ticket, it violated the old rules. Regional diversity? Not with two Southerners from neighboring states. Ideological balance? A couple of left-of-center moderates. ... And yet, Gore has come to be regarded by strategists in both parties as
1938-498: A seat in the U.S. Senate , which had been vacated by Republican Senate Majority Leader Howard Baker . He was "unopposed in the Democratic Senatorial primary and won the general election going away", despite the fact that Republican President Ronald Reagan swept Tennessee in his reelection campaign the same year. Gore defeated Republican senatorial nominee Victor Ashe , subsequently the mayor of Knoxville , and
2040-832: A select group of other social events in some countries. In London, it is still used by ambassadors attending the Christmas ball offered by King Charles III at Buckingham palace as well as the Lord Mayor dinner at Mansion House. Notable international recurrent white tie events include the Nobel Prize ceremony in Sweden and the Vienna Opera Ball in Austria. In Scandinavia and the Netherlands, white tie
2142-727: A small handbag . The dress code's origins can be traced back to the end of the 18th century. New fully black-coloured justaucorps styles emerged around the Age of Revolution , notably adopted by the bourgeois third estate of the Estates General of the Kingdom of France . Increasingly following the French Revolution , high society men abandoned the richly decorated justaucorps coats for more austere cutaway dress coats in dark colours, with cuts perhaps further inspired by
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#17327907314762244-451: A speech at The Superhighway Summit . On March 29, 1994, Gore made the inaugural keynote to a Georgetown University symposium on governmental reform with a lecture entitled, "The new job of the federal executive". Gore spoke on how technology was changing the nature of government, public administration, and management in general, noting that while in the past deep hierarchical structures were necessary to manage large organizations, technology
2346-488: A virtual format, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City , and the traditional roast-like nature was abandoned. Trump and Joe Biden attended virtually; both men discussed Catholicism . Kamala Harris did not attend the 2024 dinner and instead sent a pre-recorded message to play during the event. She was the first presidential candidate to skip the dinner since Walter Mondale in 1984 . Donald Trump , who attended
2448-531: Is an American politician , businessman , and environmentalist who served as the 45th vice president of the United States from 1993 to 2001 under President Bill Clinton . He previously served as a United States Senator from 1985 to 1993 and as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1977 to 1985, in which he represented Tennessee . Gore was the Democratic nominee for president of
2550-468: Is the traditional attire for doctoral conferments and is prescribed at some Swedish and Finnish universities, where it is worn with a top hat variant called a doctoral hat . At the universities in Uppsala and Lund in Sweden, it is still common for students to wear white tie at formal events. In Sweden and Finland, a black waistcoat is worn with white tie for academic occasions in the daytime. In
2652-487: The Early Modern period , western European male courtiers and aristocrats donned elaborate clothing at ceremonies and dinners: coats (often richly decorated), frilly and lacy shirts and breeches formed the backbone of their most formal attire. As the 18th century drew to a close, high society began adopting more austere clothing which drew inspiration from the dark hues and simpler designs adopted by country gentlemen. By
2754-686: The Embassy Row section in Washington D.C. During the summer months, he worked on the family farm in Carthage, Tennessee , where the Gores grew tobacco and hay and raised cattle. Gore attended St. Albans School , an independent college preparatory day and boarding school for boys in Washington, D.C. from 1956 to 1965, a prestigious feeder school for the Ivy League . He was the captain of
2856-705: The Mardi Gras in Mobile in Alabama , or New Orleans Mardi Gras in Louisiana , emphasising the white tie expectations for men and full-length evening gowns for ladies. When the Metropolitan Museum of Art 's Costume Institute Gala in New York City announced a white tie dress code in 2014, a number of media outlets pointed out the difficulty and expense of obtaining traditional white tie, even for
2958-727: The Oxford Union are still required to wear white tie at every debate but since the 1930s, other speakers are only required to wear black tie. A few state dinners at the White House apply white tie, such as the one held for Queen Elizabeth II in 2007. Other notable examples include the Gridiron Club Dinner in Washington, D.C. , the Alfred E. Smith Memorial Foundation Dinner in New York City , in additions to
3060-791: The U.S. Supreme Court . During his time in the House, Gore sat on the Energy and Commerce and the Science and Technology committees, chairing the Science Committee's Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations for four years. He also sat on the House Intelligence Committee and, in 1982, introduced the Gore Plan for arms control , to "reduce chances of a nuclear first strike by cutting multiple warheads and deploying single-warhead mobile launchers". While in
3162-784: The University of California, Los Angeles . He served on the Board of Directors of World Resources Institute . Gore has received a number of awards that include the Nobel Peace Prize (joint award with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , 2007), a Primetime Emmy Award for Current TV (2007), and a Webby Award (2005). Gore was also the subject of the Academy Award winning (2007) documentary An Inconvenient Truth in 2006, as well as its 2017 sequel An Inconvenient Sequel: Truth to Power . In 2007, he
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3264-752: The Vienna Opera Ball in Austria , the Nobel Prize banquet in Stockholm , Mardi Gras balls in New Orleans , Commemoration balls at Oxford and May balls at Cambridge , and the Al Smith Memorial Dinner in New York . White tie still also occurs at traditional weddings and church celebrations, at certain societies and fraternities , as well as occasionally around some traditional European universities and colleges . Throughout
3366-613: The bill establishing Martin Luther King Jr. Day as a federal holiday . While Gore initially did not vote on the Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987 in January 1988, he voted to override President Reagan 's veto the following March. Gore voted against the nomination of William Rehnquist as Chief Justice of the United States , as well as the nominations of Robert Bork and Clarence Thomas to
3468-467: The dot-com boom . ( c. 1995 –2001). Clinton and Gore entered office planning to finance research that would "flood the economy with innovative goods and services, lifting the general level of prosperity and strengthening American industry". Their overall aim was to fund the development of, "robotics, smart roads, biotechnology, machine tools, magnetic-levitation trains, fiber-optic communications and national computer networks. Also earmarked [were]
3570-704: The freshman student government council and was elected its president. He was roommates with actor Tommy Lee Jones in Dunster House . Gore was an avid reader who fell in love with scientific and mathematical theories, but he did not do well in science classes and avoided taking math. During his first two years, his grades placed him in the lower one-fifth of his class. During his second year, he reportedly spent much of his time watching television, shooting pool and occasionally smoking marijuana . In his junior and senior years, he became more involved with his studies, earning As and Bs. In his senior year, he took
3672-435: The frocks and riding coats of country gentlemen. Gradually replacing also breeches , lacy dress shirts and jabots with plain white dress shirts , shorter waistcoats, white cravats and pantaloons , this became known as directoire style . By the early 19th-century Regency era , dark dress tailcoats with light trousers became standard daywear, while black and white became the standard colours for evening wear. Although
3774-525: The hacking of the email server of the Democratic National Committee, unsupported allegations of corruption, and a claim that Clinton "hates Catholics". His remarks drew boos and heckling from guests, prompting veteran GOP operative Ed Rollins to comment: “he didn’t quite understand the audience”. The 2016 dinner drew 10.3 million viewers and raised a record-breaking $ 6 million for Catholic charities . The 2020 dinner occurred in
3876-564: The " greenhouse effect ". On March 19, 1979, he had become the first member of Congress to appear on C-SPAN . During this time, Gore co-chaired the Congressional Clearinghouse on the Future with Newt Gingrich . In addition, he has been described as having been a "genuine nerd, with a geek reputation running back to his days as a futurist Atari Democrat in the House. Before computers were comprehensible, let alone sexy,
3978-612: The "youngest serious Presidential candidate since John F. Kennedy". CNN noted that, "in 1988, for the first time, 12 southern states would hold their primaries on the same day, dubbed "Super Tuesday". Gore thought he would be the only serious Southern contender; he had not counted on Jesse Jackson." Jackson defeated Gore in the South Carolina primary , winning, "more than half the total vote, three times that of his closest rival here, Senator Albert Gore Jr. of Tennessee". Gore next placed great hope on Super Tuesday where they split
4080-524: The 1880s. By the early 20th century, full evening dress meant wearing a white waistcoat and tie with a black tailcoat and trousers; white tie had become distinct from black tie. Despite its growing popularity, the dinner jacket remained the reserve of family dinners and gentlemen's clubs during the late Victorian period. By the turn of the 20th century, full evening dress consisted of a black tailcoat made of heavy fabric weighing 500 to 560 grams per metre (16 to 18 oz/yd). Its lapels were medium width and
4182-427: The 1976 Democratic primary for the district with "32 percent of the vote, three percentage points more than his nearest rival", and was opposed only by an independent candidate in the election, recording 94 percent of the overall vote. He went on to win the next three elections, in 1978 , 1980 and 1982 , where "he was unopposed twice and won 79 percent of the vote the other time". In 1984 , Gore successfully ran for
Alfred E. Smith Memorial Foundation Dinner - Misplaced Pages Continue
4284-564: The 1980 dinner, Democratic incumbent Jimmy Carter was booed. In 1984, Ronald Reagan spoke, but his opponent, Walter Mondale , opted out, saying he needed time to prepare for an upcoming presidential debate. Amy Sullivan suggests that Mondale's decision was motivated by "tensions between the Catholic Church and the Democratic Party." During the 2000 dinner, George W. Bush joked, "This is an impressive crowd. The haves and
4386-523: The Alfred E. Smith Memorial Foundation in honor of Al Smith , who grew up in poverty and later became the governor of New York four times and was the first Catholic nominated for president by a major party as the Democratic nominee in the 1928 election . Cardinal Francis Spellman founded and hosted the first dinner in 1945 after Smith's death the previous year. By 1960, the Al Smith dinner had become
4488-631: The Bush-Quayle and Perot-Stockdale tickets with 43% of the popular vote, versus their 38% and 19%, respectively. Clinton and Gore received 370 electoral votes, versus the incumbent ticket's 168, and Perot's 0. Al Gore served as vice president during the Clinton administration . Clinton and Gore were inaugurated on January 20, 1993. At the beginning of the first term, they developed a "two-page agreement outlining their relationship". Clinton committed himself to regular lunch meetings; he recognized Gore as
4590-558: The House (1977–1985) and the Senate (1985–1993). Gore spent many weekends in Tennessee, working with his constituents. At the end of February 1976, U.S. Representative Joe L. Evins unexpectedly announced his retirement from Congress, making Tennessee's 4th congressional district seat, to which he had succeeded Albert Gore Sr. in 1953 open . Within hours after The Tennessean publisher John Seigenthaler Sr. called him to tell him
4692-481: The House of Representatives, Gore held the "first congressional hearings on the climate change, and co-sponsor[ed] hearings on toxic waste and global warming". He continued to speak on the topic throughout the 1980s. In 1990, Senator Gore presided over a three-day conference with legislators from over 42 countries which sought to create a Global Marshall Plan , "under which industrial nations would help less developed countries grow economically while still protecting
4794-446: The Netherlands, the attendants of the graduate student, called paranymphs , will also wear white tie. Some fraternities such as Freemasons and Odd Fellows wear dress coats to their meetings. In Britain, it is worn at certain formal occasions such as state banquets , City of London livery dinners and certain balls at Oxford , Cambridge , Durham , Edinburgh and St Andrews universities. The president and officers of
4896-653: The New York primary. Gore then dropped out of the race. The New York Times said that Gore also lost support due to his attacks against Jackson, Dukakis, and others. Gore was eventually able to mend fences with Jackson, who supported the Clinton-Gore ticket in 1992 and 1996, and campaigned for the Gore-Lieberman ticket during the 2000 presidential election . Gore's policies changed substantially in 2000, reflecting his eight years as vice president. Gore
4998-612: The Republican-turned- Independent , Ed McAteer, founder of the Christian right Religious Roundtable organization that had worked to elect Reagan as president in 1980. During his time in Congress, Gore was considered a "moderate" once referring to himself as a "raging moderate" opposing federal funding of abortion, voting in favor of a bill which supported a moment of silence in schools, and voting against
5100-723: The Senate, he sat on the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs , the Rules and Administration , and the Armed Services Committees. In 1991, Gore was one of ten Democrats who supported the Gulf War . Gore was considered one of the Atari Democrats , given this name due to their "passion for technological issues, from biomedical research and genetic engineering to the environmental impact of
5202-407: The Southern vote: Jackson winning Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi and Virginia; Gore winning Arkansas, North Carolina, Kentucky, Nevada, Tennessee, and Oklahoma. Gore was later endorsed by New York City Mayor Ed Koch who made statements in favor of Israel and against Jackson. These statements cast Gore in a negative light, leading voters away from Gore who received only 10% of the vote in
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#17327907314765304-441: The Supercomputer Network Study Act of 1986. He also sponsored hearings on how advanced technologies might be put to use in areas like coordinating the response of government agencies to natural disasters and other crises. As a Senator, Gore began to craft the High Performance Computing Act of 1991 (commonly referred to as "The Gore Bill") after hearing the 1988 report Toward a National Research Network submitted to Congress by
5406-541: The United States in the 2000 presidential election , which he lost to George W. Bush despite winning the popular vote . The son of politician Albert Gore Sr. , Gore was an elected official for 24 years. He was a U.S. representative from Tennessee (1977–1985) and, from 1985 to 1993, served as a U.S. senator for the state. He served as vice president during the Clinton administration from 1993 to 2001, defeating then-incumbents George H. W. Bush and Dan Quayle in 1992 , and Bob Dole and Jack Kemp in 1996 , and
5508-693: The announcement was forthcoming, Gore decided to quit law school and run for the House of Representatives: Gore's abrupt decision to run for the open seat surprised even himself; he later said that "I didn't realize myself I had been pulled back so much to it." The news came as a "bombshell" to his wife. Tipper Gore held a job in The Tennessean ' s photo lab and was working on a master's degree in psychology, but she joined in her husband's campaign (with assurance that she could get her job at The Tennessean back if he lost). By contrast, Gore asked his father to stay out of his campaign: "I must become my own man," he explained. "I must not be your candidate." Gore won
5610-418: The anti war Harvard campus in his military uniform to say goodbye to his adviser and was "jeered" at by students. He later said he was astonished by the "emotional field of negativity and disapproval and piercing glances that ... certainly felt like real hatred". Gore had basic training at Fort Dix from August to October, and then was assigned to be a journalist at Fort Rucker , Alabama. In April 1970, he
5712-422: The best vice presidential pick in at least 20 years." Clinton and Gore accepted the nomination at the Democratic National Convention on July 17, 1992. Known as the Baby Boomer Ticket and the Fortysomething Team, The New York Times noted that if elected, Clinton and Gore, at ages 46 and 44 respectively, would be the "youngest team to make it to the White House in the country's history". Gore called
5814-526: The celebrity guests. According to the British etiquette guide Debrett's , the central components of full evening dress for men are a white marcella shirt with a wing collar and single cuffs , fastened with studs and cufflinks ; the eponymous white marcella bow tie is worn around the collar, while a low-cut marcella waistcoat is worn over the shirt. Over this is worn a black double-breasted barathea wool or ultrafine herringbone tailcoat with silk faced peak lapels . The trousers have two galon down
5916-415: The decision was due to Democratic nominee (and Roman Catholic) John Kerry 's pro-choice stance on abortion. On October 20, 2016, Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump spoke at the dinner which was hosted by Cardinal Timothy M. Dolan , who was seated between the two presidential candidates during the event. During the dinner, Trump made numerous "off-color" remarks about Hillary Clinton, including references to
6018-625: The dinner, called Harris' decision not to attend "deeply disrespectful", while Archbishop of New York Cardinal Timothy M. Dolan expressed his disappointment and pointed out that Mondale lost 49 states. Harris would go on to lose Catholics by the same margin that Mondale did. The dinner was the subject of an episode of The West Wing titled " The Al Smith Dinner ". White tie [REDACTED] = Day (before 6 p.m.) [REDACTED] = Evening (after 6 p.m.) = Bow tie colour [REDACTED] = Ladies [REDACTED] = Gentlemen White tie , also called full evening dress or
6120-434: The directoire style was replaced for daytime by black frock coats and bowties by mid-19th century, cutaway black dress tailcoats with white bowtie has remained established for formal evening wear ever since. Despite the emergence of the more comfortable semi-formal black tie dress code in the 1880s, full evening dress tailcoats remained the staple. Towards the end of the Victorian era , white bow ties and waistcoats became
6222-431: The economy could boast the longest economic expansion in history; the lowest unemployment since the early 1970s; and the lowest poverty rates for single mothers, black Americans, and the aged." According to Leslie Budd, author of E-economy: Rhetoric or Business Reality , this economic success was due, in part, to Gore's continued role as an Atari Democrat , promoting the development of information technology, which led to
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#17327907314766324-880: The election to an opponent who vastly out-fundraised him. This opponent was later found by the Watergate commission to have accepted illegal money from Nixon's operatives. Gore has said that his other reason for enlisting was that he did not want someone with fewer options than he to go in his place. Actor Tommy Lee Jones , a former college housemate, recalled Gore saying that "if he found a fancy way of not going, someone else would have to go in his place". His Harvard advisor, Richard Neustadt , also stated that Gore decided, "that he would have to go as an enlisted man because, he said, 'In Tennessee, that's what most people have to do.'" In addition, Michael Roche, Gore's editor for The Castle Courier , stated that "anybody who knew Al Gore in Vietnam knows he could have sat on his butt and he didn't." After enlisting in August 1969, Gore returned to
6426-406: The end of the 18th century, two forms of tail coat were in common use by upper-class men in Britain and continental Europe: the more formal dress coat (cut away horizontally at the front) and the less formal morning coat , which curved back from the front to the tails. From around 1815, a knee-length garment called the frock coat became increasingly popular and was eventually established, along with
6528-450: The environment". On April 3, 1989, Al, Tipper and their six-year-old son Albert were leaving a baseball game. Albert ran across the street to see his friend and was hit by a car. He was thrown 30 feet (9 m) and then traveled along the pavement for another 20 feet (6 m). Gore later recalled: "I ran to his side and held him and called his name, but he was motionless, limp and still, without breath or pulse.... His eyes were open with
6630-405: The extent that is necessary in a Presidential campaign." During this time, Gore wrote Earth in the Balance , a text that became the first book written by a sitting U.S. Senator to make The New York Times Best Seller list since John F. Kennedy 's Profiles in Courage . In 1988, Gore sought the Democratic Party's nomination for President of the United States. Gore carried seven states in
6732-422: The federal government and advocated trimming the size of the bureaucracy and the number of regulations". During the Clinton Administration, the U.S. economy expanded, according to David Greenberg (professor of history and media studies at Rutgers University ) who said that "by the end of the Clinton presidency, the numbers were uniformly impressive. Besides the record-high surpluses and the record-low poverty rates,
6834-536: The first Roman Catholic president) and Richard Nixon were speakers, it has traditionally been a stop for the two major party presidential candidates during election years. In 1976, Jimmy Carter and Gerald Ford spoke; in 1980, Carter and Ronald Reagan ; in 1988, George H. W. Bush and Michael Dukakis ; in 2000, Al Gore and George W. Bush ; in 2008, Barack Obama and John McCain ; in 2012, Barack Obama and Mitt Romney ; in 2016, Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump ; and in 2020, Trump and Joe Biden . The 1992 dinner
6936-426: The football team, threw discus for the track and field team and participated in basketball, art, and government. He graduated 25th in a class of 51, applied to one college, Harvard University , and was accepted. Gore enrolled in Harvard College in 1965; he initially planned to major in English and write novels but later decided to major in government. On his second day on campus, he began campaigning for
7038-418: The front of the tailcoat, which necessitates a medium or high waistline and often suspenders (braces) for the trousers. As one style writer for GQ magazine summarises "The simple rule of thumb is that you should only ever see black and white not black, white and black again". While Debrett's accepts double cuffs for shirts worn with white tie, most tailors and merchants suggest that single, linked cuffs are
7140-403: The have-mores. Some people call you the elite. I call you my base." The quote was used in Fahrenheit 9/11 and subsequently in one of John Kerry's 2004 campaign speeches. In 1996 and 2004, the Archdiocese of New York chose not to invite the presidential candidates. In 1996, this was reportedly because Cardinal John Joseph O'Connor was angry at Democratic nominee Bill Clinton for vetoing
7242-441: The morning coat, as smart daywear in Victorian England. The dress coat, meanwhile, became reserved for wear in the evening. The dandy Beau Brummell adopted a minimalistic approach to evening wear—a white waistcoat, dark blue tailcoat, black pantaloons and striped stockings. Although Brummell felt black an ugly colour for evening dress coats, it was adopted by other dandies, like Charles Baudelaire , and black and white had become
7344-404: The most traditional and formal variation acceptable under the dress code. Double cuffs are not frequently worn or recommended with white tie. Decorations may also be worn and, unlike Debrett's , Cambridge University 's Varsity student newspaper suggests a top hat, opera cloak and silver-topped cane are acceptable accessories. Al Gore Albert Arnold Gore Jr. (born March 31, 1948)
7446-405: The night shift for The Tennessean as an investigative reporter . His investigations of corruption among members of Nashville's Metro Council resulted in the arrest and prosecution of two councilmen for separate offenses. In 1974, he took a leave of absence from The Tennessean to attend Vanderbilt University Law School. His decision to become an attorney was a partial result of his time as
7548-408: The nothingness stare of death, and we prayed, the two of us, there in the gutter, with only my voice." Albert was tended to by two nurses who happened to be present during the accident. The Gores spent the next month in the hospital with Albert. Gore also commented: "Our lives were consumed with the struggle to restore his body and spirit." This event was "a trauma so shattering that [Gore] views it as
7650-399: The now-defunct Current TV network, a former member of the Board of Directors of Apple Inc. and a senior adviser to Google. Gore is also a partner in the venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins , heading its climate change solutions group. He has served as a visiting professor at Middle Tennessee State University , Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism , Fisk University and
7752-399: The opera". The last president to have worn white tie at a United States presidential inauguration was President John F. Kennedy in 1961, who wore morning dress for his inauguration , and a white tie ensemble for his inauguration ball . While rare in the early 21st century, it survives as the formal dress code for royal and public ceremonies and audiences , weddings , balls , and
7854-502: The outer seams of the trousers, along with court shoes ( British English ) (pumps in American English ) complete the outfit. Orders , decorations and medals may be worn. Acceptable accessories include a black top hat , white gloves , a white scarf , a pocket watch , a white pocket square, and a boutonnière . Women wear full-length ball or evening gowns with evening gloves and, optionally, tiaras , jewellery , and
7956-399: The outside of both legs. The correct shoes are patent leather court shoes . Although a white scarf and evening overcoat remains popular in winter, the traditional white gloves, top hats , canes and cloaks are now rare. Women wear a full-length evening dress , with the option of jewellery, a tiara, a pashmina, coat or wrap, and long white gloves . The waistcoat should not be visible below
8058-400: The poker-faced Gore struggled to explain artificial intelligence and fiber-optic networks to sleepy colleagues." Internet pioneers Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn noted that, as far back as the 1970s, Congressman Gore promoted the idea of high-speed telecommunications as an engine for both economic growth and the improvement of our educational system. He was the first elected official to grasp
8160-566: The popular vote by 543,895 votes. The election concluded after the Supreme Court of the United States ruled 5–4 in Bush v. Gore against a previous ruling by the Supreme Court of Florida on a re-count that would have likely given Gore a razor-thin lead in the state of Florida , had the re-count continued as planned. He is one of five presidential candidates in American history to lose
8262-425: The potential of computer communications to have a broader impact than just improving the conduct of science and scholarship ... the Internet, as we know it today, was not deployed until 1983. When the Internet was still in the early stages of its deployment, Congressman Gore provided intellectual leadership by helping create the vision of the potential benefits of high speed computing and communication. Gore introduced
8364-515: The primaries, finishing third overall in a field that included Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis , then Senator, future Vice President and current President Joe Biden , Gary Hart , Congressman Dick Gephardt , Paul Simon and Jesse Jackson . Dukakis eventually won the Democratic nomination and went on to lose in a landslide to George H. W. Bush in the general election. Although Gore initially denied that he intended to run, his candidacy
8466-505: The social revolution to some extent but not buying into something we considered detrimental to our country." Gore helped his father write an anti war address to the Democratic National Convention of 1968 but stayed with his parents in their hotel room during the violent protests . When Gore graduated in 1969, he immediately became eligible for the military draft . His father, a vocal anti Vietnam War critic,
8568-445: The standard colours by the 1840s. Over the course of the 19th century, the monotone colour scheme became a codified standard for evening events after 6 p.m. in upper class circles. The styles evolved and evening dress consisted of a black dress coat and trousers, white or black waistcoat, and a bow tie by the 1870s. The dinner jacket (black tie/tuxedo) emerged as a less formal and more comfortable alternative to full evening dress in
8670-618: The standard for full evening dress, contrasting with black bow ties and waistcoats or cummerbunds for black tie. Following the social changes after the First World War and especially with the counterculture of the 1960s , white tie was increasingly replaced by black tie as default evening wear for more formal events. Since the late 20th century, white tie tends to be reserved for the most formal evening occasions, such as at banquets following investitures , state dinners and audiences , in addition to formal balls and galas such as
8772-493: The ticket "a new generation of leadership". The ticket increased in popularity after the candidates traveled with their wives, Hillary and Tipper, on a "six-day, 1,000-mile bus ride, from New York to St. Louis". Al Gore would participate in one vice-presidential debate against Vice President Dan Quayle , and Admiral James Stockdale . That debate, as of 2023, was the only televised Vice-Presidential debate with more than two participating candidates. The Clinton-Gore ticket beat
8874-443: The tuxedo "essential" for any gentleman, writing that "It is worn every evening and nearly everywhere, whereas the tail coat is necessary only at balls, formal dinners, and in a box at the opera." It also continued to evolve. White tie was worn with slim-cut trousers in the early 1920s; by 1926, wide-lapelled tailcoats and double-breasted waistcoats were in vogue. The Duke of Windsor (then Prince of Wales and later Edward VIII) wore
8976-433: The war being a terrible mistake, but it struck me that opponents to the war, including myself, really did not take into account the fact that there were an awful lot of South Vietnamese who desperately wanted to hang on to what they called freedom. Coming face to face with those sentiments expressed by people who did the laundry and ran the restaurants and worked in the fields was something I was naively unprepared for. Gore
9078-440: The war was wrong." Although his parents wanted him to go to law school, Gore first attended Vanderbilt University Divinity School (1971–72) on a Rockefeller Foundation scholarship for people planning secular careers. He later said he went there in order to explore "spiritual issues", and that "he had hoped to make sense of the social injustices that seemed to challenge his religious beliefs". In 1971, Gore also began to work
9180-510: The war, but he disagreed with the tactics of the student protest movement and believed it to be juvenile and misguided to use a private university as a venue to vent anger at the war. He and his friends did not participate in Harvard demonstrations. John Tyson, a former roommate, recalled that "We distrusted these movements a lot ... We were a pretty traditional bunch of guys, positive for civil rights and women's rights but formal, transformed by
9282-584: The white shirt worn beneath it had a heavily starched, stiff front, fastened with pearl or black studs and either a winged collar or a type called a "poke", consisting of a high band with a slight curve at the front. After World War I, the dinner jacket became more popular, especially in the US, and informal variations sprang up, like the soft, turn-down collar shirt and later the double-breasted jacket; relaxing social norms in Jazz Age America meant white tie
9384-401: Was "dispirited" after his return from Vietnam. NashvillePost.com noted that, "his father's defeat made service in a conflict he deeply opposed even more abhorrent to Gore. His experiences in the war zone don't seem to have been deeply traumatic in themselves; although the engineers were sometimes fired upon, Gore has said he didn't see full-scale combat. Still, he felt that his participation in
9486-427: Was appointed to the health-care task force without Gore's consultation. Vanity Fair wrote that President Clinton's "failure to confide in his vice president was a telling sign of the real pecking order", and reported "it was an open secret that some of Hillary's advisers...nurtured dreams that Hillary, not Gore, would follow Bill in the presidency". Gore had a particular interest in reducing "waste, fraud, and abuse in
9588-592: Was facing re-election in 1970. Gore eventually decided that enlisting in the Army would be the best course between serving his country, his personal values and interests. Although nearly all of his Harvard classmates avoided the draft and service in Vietnam, Gore believed if he found a way around military service, he would be handing an issue to his father's Republican opponent. According to Gore's Senate biography, "He appeared in uniform in his father's campaign commercials, one of which ended with his father advising: 'Son, always love your country'." Despite this, Gore Sr. lost
9690-499: Was initially hesitant to be Bill Clinton 's running mate for the 1992 United States presidential election , but after clashing with the George H. W. Bush administration over global warming issues, he decided to accept the offer. Clinton stated that he chose Gore due to his foreign policy experience, work with the environment, and commitment to his family. Clinton's choice was criticized as unconventional because rather than picking
9792-591: Was named Rucker's "Soldier of the Month". His orders to be sent to Vietnam were "held up" for some time and the Gore family suspected that this was due to a fear by the Nixon administration that if something happened to him, his father would gain sympathy votes. He was finally shipped to Vietnam on January 2, 1971, after his father had lost his seat in the Senate during the 1970 Senate election , becoming one "of only about
9894-601: Was named a runner-up for Time 's 2007 Person of the Year . In 2008, Gore won the Dan David Prize for Social Responsibility, and in 2024, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Joe Biden . Albert Arnold Gore Jr. was born on March 31, 1948, in Washington, D.C., as the second of two children born to Albert Gore Sr. , a U.S. Representative who later served for 18 years as
9996-555: Was not attended by Bill Clinton or George H. W. Bush because there was a presidential debate that same night. Candidates have traditionally given humorous speeches poking fun at themselves and their opponents, making the event similar to a roast . The 2018 dinner raised $ 3.9 million. Since 1980, this custom has been affected by friction between the Democratic Party and the Catholic Church over abortion . During
10098-484: Was offering more accurate and streamlined access to information, thus facilitating flatter management structures. He was involved in a number of projects including NetDay '96 and 24 Hours in Cyberspace . The Clinton–Gore administration also launched the first official White House website in 1994 and subsequent versions through 2000. During 1993 and early 1994, Gore was tapped by the administration to advocate for
10200-420: Was replaced by black tie as the default evening wear for young men, especially at nightclubs. According to The Delineator , the years after World War I saw white tie "almost abandoned". But it did still have a place: the American etiquette writer Emily Post stated in 1922 that "A gentleman must always be in full dress, tail coat, white waistcoat, white tie and white gloves" when at the opera, yet she called
10302-440: Was the first Democrat to serve two full terms as vice president since John Nance Garner . As of 2024, Gore's 1990 re-election remains the last time Democrats won a Senate election in Tennessee. Gore was the Democratic nominee for president of the United States in the 2000 presidential election – in which he lost the electoral college vote by five electoral votes to Republican nominee George W. Bush , despite winning
10404-519: Was the subject of speculation: "National analysts make Sen. Gore a long-shot for the Presidential nomination, but many believe he could provide a natural complement for any of the other candidates: a young, attractive, moderate Vice Presidential nominee from the South. He currently denies any interest, but he carefully does not reject the idea out of hand." At the time, he was 39 years old, making him
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