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67-576: The Alexander Dennis Enviro200EV is a battery electric single-deck bus produced by the British bus manufacturer Alexander Dennis in partnership with Chinese electric vehicle manufacturer BYD Auto since 2015. An electric variant of the diesel integral Alexander Dennis Enviro200 MMC , which had been launched that same year to replace the outgoing Enviro200 and Enviro300 , the first-generation Enviro200EV launched in 2015 utilises BYD's own 12 m (39 ft 4 in) chassis and drivetrain and has

134-429: A trolleybus . They typically recover braking energy to increase efficiency by a regenerative brake . With energy consumption of about 1.2 kW⋅h/km (4.3 MJ/km; 1.9 kW⋅h/mi), the cost of ownership is lower than diesel buses. As of 2016 battery buses have less range, higher weight, higher procurement costs. The reduced infrastructure for overhead lines is offset by the costs of the infrastructure to recharge

201-613: A big difference to future emissions. Climate finance for adaptation and mitigation was one of the principal topics of negotiation. Poor countries want more money for adaptation, whereas donors prefer to finance mitigation as that has a chance of making a profit. Appointed to the role of Climate Finance Adviser was Mark Carney , former Governor of the Bank of England . The Paris agreement included US$ 100 billion annually in finance by 2020 for developing countries. However, wealthy countries failed to live up to that promise, with members of

268-918: A call to: "accelerating efforts towards... phase-out of inefficient fossil fuel subsidies". 34 countries with several banks and financial agencies pledged to stop international funding for "unabated fossil fuel energy sector by the end of 2022, except in limited and clearly defined circumstances that are consistent with a 1.5°C warming limit and the goals of the Paris Agreement" and increase financing of more sustainable projects, including Canada —the main provider of such finances, France , Germany , Italy and Spain —the biggest financers in European Union . More than 40 countries pledged to move away from coal. The United States and China reached an agreement about cooperation on measures to stop climate change, including lowering methane emissions, phasing out

335-474: A driver, or major cause of climate change, making the Glasgow Climate Pact the first ever climate deal to explicitly plan to reduce unabated coal power. The wording in the agreement refers to an intention to "phase down" use of unabated coal power, rather than to phase it out. From this wording it implicitly follows that utilizing coal power with "abation" (net-zero emission), e.g. by neutralizing

402-501: A group of major car manufacturers such as GM, Ford, Volvo, BYD Auto, Jaguar Land Rover, and Mercedes-Benz have committed to "work towards all sales of new cars and vans being zero emission globally by 2040, and by no later than 2035 in leading markets". Major car manufacturing nations like China, the US, Japan, Germany, and South Korea, as well as Toyota, Volkswagen, Nissan-Renault-Mitsubishi, Stellantis, Honda, and Hyundai had not signed up to

469-467: A maximum capacity of 92 passengers with up to 43 seated, with Transport for London (TfL) specification Enviro200EVs additionally being offered in 10.4 metres (34 ft) length. Unlike the Enviro100EV and second-generation Enviro400EV, which use NMC batteries, the second-generation Enviro200EV will retain the use of lithium iron phosphate batteries. Go-Ahead London were the launch customer for

536-600: A nighttime light projection onto the Tolbooth Steeple was installed, under the Climate Clock initiative. The projected Deadline and Lifeline statistics count the time window before 1.5 °C warming would become inevitable, and the percentage of global energy delivered through renewables , respectively. The Scottish Events Campus (SEC), known as the Blue Zone, temporarily became United Nations territory:

603-707: A raked front windscreen. Deliveries commenced in January 2023, with the first 11 Enviro200EVs entering service with Bus Éireann in Athlone . In New Zealand, eight Enviro200EVs were delivered to Auckland Transport operator Fullers360 in late 2020 for services connecting the Auckland Region 's Waiheke Island . An electric demonstrator based on the tri-axle Enviro200 XLB was later delivered in August 2021 to Auckland Transport . The first major pre-production order for

670-441: A range of up to 160 miles with a recharge time of 3.5 hours. A shorter 10.8 m (35 ft 5 in) variant was subsequently added to the range in 2016. The lithium iron phosphate batteries of the first-generation Enviro200EV are stored on the roof of the bus. From the beginning of production, the battery store was arranged in a 'pod' layout, which was replaced in 2020 by a revised and more aerodynamic arrangement that removed

737-406: A smaller battery on the bus, which reduces the initial investment and subsequent costs. Battery electric buses offer the potential for zero-emissions, in addition to much quieter operation and better acceleration compared to traditional buses. They also eliminate infrastructure needed for a constant grid connection and allow routes to be modified without infrastructure changes, in contrast with

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804-487: A truly zero-emission solution if the power grid they rely on for charging is not also free of fossil fuel energy sources. The lithium batteries may also contribute to environmental pollution around the world where lithium mining takes place. NREL publishes zero-emission bus evaluation results from various commercial operators. NREL published following total operating cost per mile: with County Connection , for June 2017 through May 2018, for an 8-vehicle diesel bus fleet,

871-527: A video address. With greenhouse gas emissions by China being the world's largest, Reuters said this made it less likely the conference would result in a significant climate deal. However, a Chinese delegation led by climate change envoy Xie Zhenhua did attend. The 2021 global energy crisis intensified pressures on China ahead of the summit. The prime ministers or heads of state of South Africa , Russia , Saudi Arabia , Iran , Mexico , Brazil , Turkey , Malaysia and Vatican City also did not attend

938-453: Is being discussed as it is the last piece of the rulebook remaining to be finalized. Although the parties have agreed in principle to avoid double counting of emission reduction across more than one country's greenhouse gas inventory , exactly how much double counting will actually occur remains unclear. Carrying forward pre-2020 Kyoto carbon credits will be discussed, but is highly unlikely to be agreed. Therefore, Article 6 rules could make

1005-424: Is not as simple as refueling a diesel engine. Special attention, monitoring, and scheduling are required to make optimal use of the charging process, while also ensuring proper battery maintenance and safekeeping. Some operators manage these challenges by purchasing extra buses. This way the charging can take place only at night, which has the further advantage of mitigating the strain on the power grid since charging

1072-560: Is not possible." She also indicated that economies restarting would be an opportunity to "shape the 21st-century economy in ways that are clean, green, healthy, just, safe and more resilient." The rearranged date was announced in May 2020. Earlier in 2021, the UK and Italy hosted summits of the G7 and G20 , respectively. Independent observers noted that though not directly related, the postponement gave

1139-599: Is then taking place while power consumption elsewhere is minimal. While this is a safe solution, it is also very costly and not scalable. Another solution is ensuring that the vehicle daily schedule takes into account also the need to charge, keeping the overall schedule as close to optimal as possible. Today, there are various software companies that help bus operators manage their electric bus charging schedule. These solutions ensure that buses continue to operate safely, without any unplanned stops and inconvenience to passengers. Supercapacitors can be charged rapidly, reducing

1206-503: Is to invest $ 100 million in the transformation of fossil-fired plants into ones based on ammonia and hydrogen fuel . The US and many other countries agreed to limit methane emissions . More than 80 countries signed up to a global methane pledge, agreeing to cut emissions by 30% by the end of the decade. The US and European leaders say tackling the potent greenhouse gas is crucial to keeping warming limited to 1.5 °C (2.7 °F). Australia, China, Russia, India and Iran did not sign

1273-1122: The 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference being held in the city. This was followed by a repeat order for 50 more Enviro200EVs, which began to be delivered to the company's Scotstoun depot in June 2023. Elsewhere in Glasgow , three dual-door Enviro200EVs were delivered by National Car Parks in 2019 for car park shuttle services at Glasgow Airport . A handful of Enviro200EVs are also in use by operators on private or local authority contract bus services. Ten delivered between 2022 and 2024 are operated by Cobra Corporate Services on private shuttle services for Sky UK campuses in Osterley and Livingston , while four Enviro200EVs, two being 10.8 metres (35 ft) examples and another two being 10.2 metres (33 ft) examples, were delivered to Stagecoach in Mansfield for use on Nottinghamshire County Council contracted 'Nottsbus' services between 2018 and 2021, and

1340-474: The OECD behind in their commitments and unlikely to reach the agreed amount before 2023. A group of large finance companies committed to net zero portfolios and loan books by 2050. Scotland became the first country to contribute to a loss and damage fund. South Africa is set to receive $ 8.5 billion to end its reliance on coal , details are sparse regarding capping mines, exports and local community support for

1407-579: The South Yorkshire Mayoral Combined Authority took delivery of four Enviro200EVs in March 2024, entering service on ' Sheffield Connect' shuttle services on 8 April. The National Transport Authority of Ireland have ordered 200 Enviro200EVs to be delivered to operators across Ireland over a period of five years, specified at 12 metres (39 ft) length with dual doors and spaces for wheelchairs and prams as well as

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1474-849: The Stagecoach Group has become a popular operator of Enviro200EVs, most commonly in Scotland; the group's first nine Enviro200EVs were delivered to Stagecoach South for use in Guildford on 'Glide' park and ride services in January 2019. Further orders for the group's Scottish operations, funded in part by the Scottish Zero Emission Bus (ScotZEB) challenge fund, began to be delivered in the early 2020s; Stagecoach East Scotland first took delivery of nine Enviro200EVs for service in Perth , followed by further 13 to electrify

1541-516: The ' ratchet mechanism ' every five years to provide improved national pledges . The result of COP26 was the Glasgow Climate Pact , negotiated through consensus of the representatives of the 197 attending parties. Owing to late interventions from India and China that weakened a move to end coal power and fossil fuel subsidies , the conference ended with the adoption of a less stringent resolution than some anticipated. Nevertheless,

1608-451: The 2010 level and to net zero around midcentury, as well as deep reductions in other greenhouse gases." However, achieving the target is not ensured, as with existing pledges the emissions in the year 2030 will be 14% higher than in 2010. The final agreement explicitly mentions coal, which is the single biggest contributor to climate change. Previous COP agreements have not mentioned coal, oil or gas , or even fossil fuels in general, as

1675-399: The 2014–2020 period deforestation increased. Indonesia 's environment minister Siti Nurbaya Bakar stated that "forcing Indonesia to zero deforestation in 2030 is clearly inappropriate and unfair". Article 6 of the Paris Agreement , which describes rules for an international carbon market (such as for trees in the deforestation agreement ) and other forms of international cooperation,

1742-561: The BBC, negotiators who may be key to the dealmaking include Xie Zhenhua , Ayman Shasly, Sheikh Hasina and Teresa Ribera . China said it aims to peak CO 2 emissions before 2030 and to become carbon neutral by 2060. It was asked to set a clear earlier date as this would have a very large "positive impact" on the Paris Agreement targets. Officials later said the 2030 target was something to "strive to" and not something to be ensured. Leaders of more than 100 countries with around 85% of

1809-553: The Enviro200EV, ordering 51 of the type in July 2015 after trialling two integral BYD K9 electric buses for use on routes 507 and 521 . Further deliveries included 14 examples for route 360 , 30 more in 2018 for use on routes 153 and 214, and 130 of the type being supplied for various routes across London throughout 2023. Other TfL contractors who operate first-generation Enviro200EVs include London United , who operate 100 of

1876-428: The Paris Agreement in mitigation, adaptation and finance flows and means of implementation and support will be measured by global stocktakes , the first of which is due to be completed in 2023. On 13 November 2021, the participating 197 countries agreed to a new deal, known as the Glasgow Climate Pact, aimed at staving off dangerous climate change . The pact "Reaffirms the Paris Agreement temperature goal of holding

1943-456: The announced targets are fully achieved. The Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero ( GFANZ ) announced that financial institutions controlling $ 130 trillion were now signed up to 'net zero' emissions pledges by 2050. The world leaders' summit was on 1 and 2 November, with each leader giving a national statement. An important goal of the conference organizers is to keep a 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) temperature rise within reach. According to

2010-662: The batteries. In addition, the additional weight of batteries in a battery electric bus means that they have a lower passenger capacity than trolleybuses in jurisdictions where there is a legal limit on axle loads on roads. Battery buses are used almost exclusively in urban areas rather than for long-haul transportation. Urban transit features relatively short intervals between charging opportunities. Sufficient recharging can take place within 4 to 5 minutes (250 to 450 kW [340 to 600 hp]) usually by induction or catenary . Finally, as with other electric-powered alternatives to fossil-fueled engines, battery electric buses are not

2077-603: The city's bus network in early 2023 and eleven Enviro200EVs for service Dunfermline in 2023. Stagecoach West Scotland , meanwhile, took delivery of 15 Enviro200EVs for service in Kilmarnock in 2021, joined by a further two in early 2023. First Glasgow first took delivery of two Enviro200EVs for trial service in January 2020, which was followed by an order for 22 more of the type in March 2021; prior to entering public service in November, these were used as shuttle buses for

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2144-422: The conference by video message. Bill Gates called for a "green industrial revolution" to beat the climate crisis. The fossil fuel industry was the largest delegation at the conference, with 503 people accredited. In October 2021, China's leader Xi Jinping announced he would not be attending the conference in person and instead delivered a written address as the organizers did not provide an opportunity for

2211-628: The conference was postponed to 31 October – 12 November 2021. Both host countries, Italy and the UK , were heavily affected by the pandemic, and the venue of the conference, the SEC Centre in Glasgow, was converted in May 2020 into a temporary hospital for COVID-19 patients in Scotland . Convention Secretary Patricia Espinosa tweeted that "in light of the ongoing, worldwide effects of COVID-19, holding an ambitious, inclusive, COP26 in November 2020

2278-417: The conference, Biden apologized for Trump's withdrawal from the agreement. Previous summits have been sponsored by fossil fuel companies . To reduce this influence, the UK government decided that sponsors "have to have real commitments in place to help them reach net zero in the near future". The first principal partners included three British energy companies and a banking and insurance company. Before

2345-550: The conference. India, the third-largest emitter of carbon dioxide by jurisdiction , set the latest target date planning to be net-zero by 2070. Japan is to offer up to $ 10 billion in additional funding to support decarbonization in Asia. Earlier in October, China—the largest emitter of carbon dioxide by jurisdiction—had committed to net-zero carbon emissions by 2060, and it was believed by the British government that India would issue

2412-450: The deal, but it is hoped more countries will join later. Russia demanded sanction relief on green investment projects for energy companies such as Gazprom . Russia's climate envoy Ruslan Edelgeriyev accused Western countries of hypocrisy for urging Russia "to reduce methane leakages and yet we have Gazprom under sanctions". Many attendees committed to net-zero carbon emissions , with India and Japan making specific commitments at

2479-567: The framework of the Paris Agreement, each country is expected to submit enhanced nationally determined contributions every five years, to ratchet up the ambition to mitigate climate change. When the Paris Agreement was signed at COP21 , the conference of 2020 was set to be the first ratcheting up. Even though the 2020 conference was postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, dozens of countries still had not updated their pledges by early October 2021. Collective progress towards implementation of

2546-410: The increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels" and "Recognizes that limiting global warming to 1.5 °C requires rapid, deep and sustained reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions, including reducing global carbon dioxide emissions by 45 per cent by 2030 relative to

2613-597: The international community time to respond to the outcome of the United States presidential election , held in November 2020. President Donald Trump had withdrawn the United States from the Paris Agreement, although this could not take effect until the day after the election; while his Democratic challengers pledged to immediately rejoin and increase ambition to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions . Joe Biden did so upon being elected as president. At

2680-585: The largest protest in Glasgow since anti-Iraq War marches in 2003 . Additional rallies took place in 100 other countries. The United Kingdom holds the presidency of COP26 until the start of COP27 . Initially, the Minister of State for Energy and Clean Growth , Claire Perry , was appointed as president of the conference, but she was removed on 31 January 2020, several months after she had stepped down as an MP . Former Prime Minister David Cameron and former Foreign Secretary William Hague declined to take

2747-627: The meeting. Russian president Vladimir Putin said his non-attendance was due to concerns relating to the COVID-19 pandemic. Iranian president Ebrahim Raisi did not attend; a formal request had been made by Struan Stevenson and Iranian exiles of the National Council of Resistance of Iran to the Scotland police, to arrest Raisi for crimes against humanity if he attended based on the legal concept of universal jurisdiction . Saudi crown prince Mohammed bin Salman also did not attend

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2814-704: The months before the conference, the British government had restrictions on travel from certain countries in place, and COVID passports were required in certain venues. Critics suggested unequal deployment of COVID-19 vaccines worldwide could exclude the participation of representatives of poorer countries most affected by climate change. The UK subsequently relaxed travel rules for delegations. Only four Pacific Islands nations sent delegations due to COVID-19 travel restrictions, with most island nations compelled to send smaller teams than they otherwise would have. Organizers have in place numerous COVID-19 rules for attendees, dependent on vaccination status. On 4 June 2021,

2881-527: The need for the 'pod'. A second-generation Enviro200EV, using "in-house" battery-electric technology and featuring a restyled exterior, driver's cab and passenger compartment similar to the Enviro100EV , was revealed by Alexander Dennis in October 2024 ahead of the 2024 Euro Bus Expo. The second-generation Enviro200EV will be available at lengths of 9.9 metres (32 ft), 10.9 metres (36 ft) and 11.7 metres (38 ft) for regional operators, providing

2948-470: The objective of having a fully electric fleet. By 2017, Shenzhen's entire fleet of over 16,300 buses was replaced with electric buses, the largest fleet of electric buses of any city in the world. According to Bloomberg , "China had about 99 percent of the 385,000 electric buses on the roads worldwide in 2017, accounting for 17 percent of the country’s entire fleet." Chinese cities are adding 1,900 electric buses per week. Charging electric bus batteries

3015-640: The other main venue is the Green Zone at Glasgow Science Centre . The summit was described as receiving "the cleanest electricity in the UK", as 70% was supplied from low-carbon nuclear power from plants in Torness and Hunterston B , while the rest mostly came from wind power . The provision of medical services for the event was provided by BASICS Scotland , Amvale Medical and the Scottish Ambulance Service. The medical centre

3082-428: The pact was the first climate deal to explicitly commit to reducing the use of coal . It included wording that encouraged more urgent greenhouse gas emissions cuts and promised more climate finance for developing countries to adapt to climate impacts . In the midst of the conference, on 6 November 2021, a march against inadequate action at the conference, as well as for other climate change-related issues, became

3149-456: The pledge. New pledges for financial help for climate change mitigation and adaptation were announced. Climate Action Tracker on 9 November 2021, described the results as follows: the global temperature will rise by 2.7 °C by the end of the century with current policies. The temperature will rise by 2.4 °C if only the pledges for 2030 are implemented, by 2.1 °C if the long-term targets are also achieved and by 1.8 °C if all

3216-467: The resulting carbon dioxide via the CO 2 -to-stone process, need not be reduced. However, this carbon capture and storage is too expensive for most coal fired power stations . Over 140 countries pledged to reach net-zero emissions. This includes 90% of global GDP. More than 100 countries, including Brazil, pledged to reverse deforestation by 2030. The final text of the Glasgow Climate Pact include

3283-464: The role. On 13 February 2020, Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Secretary Alok Sharma was appointed. On 8 January 2021, Sharma was succeeded by Kwasi Kwarteng as Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Secretary and moved to the Cabinet Office , in order to focus on the presidency full-time. Nigel Topping , the former CEO of climate change action organization We Mean Business,

3350-546: The second-generation Enviro200EV was placed by the Stagecoach Group in June 2024, with 54 Enviro200EVs intended for Stagecoach subsidiaries receiving central government funding from the Zero-Emission Regional Bus Areas (ZEBRA2) scheme due for delivery between 2025 and 2026. The first independent bus operator to order the second-generation Enviro200EV was Falcon Buses of Byfleet , who plans to take delivery of 13 10.9 metres (36 ft) examples of

3417-558: The summit councils in and around Glasgow pledged to plant 18 million trees during the following decade: the Clyde Climate Forest (CCF) is projected to increase tree coverage in the urban areas of the Greater Glasgow region to 20%. In September 2021, the conference was urged by Climate Action Network to ensure attendees would be able to attend in spite of travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic . In

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3484-543: The summit. Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro , who faced international condemnation over rising deforestation of the Amazon rainforest , also decided not to attend the summit personally. The non-attendance of both Putin and Xi received criticism from U.S. president Joe Biden and former American president Barack Obama. Myanmar and Afghanistan were entirely absent; both countries had their UN-recognized governments ousted militarily in 2021. The Myanmar military junta

3551-471: The third meeting of the parties to the 2015 Paris Agreement (designated CMA1 , CMA2 , CMA3 ), and the 16th meeting of the parties to the Kyoto Protocol ( CMP16 ). The conference was the first since the Paris Agreement of COP21 that expected parties to make enhanced commitments towards mitigating climate change ; the Paris Agreement requires parties to carry out a process colloquially known as

3618-572: The time needed to prepare to resume operation. The Society of Automotive Engineers has published Recommended Practice SAE J3105 to standardize physical automated connection interfaces for conductive charging systems since 2020. For communication between charger and electric bus the same ISO 15118 protocol is used as for passenger car charging. The only differences are in the charging power, voltage and physical interface. Pantographs and underbody collectors can be integrated in bus stops to quicken electric bus recharge, making it possible to use

3685-406: The total operating cost per mile was $ 0.84; for a 4-vehicle electric bus fleet, $ 1.11; with Long Beach Transit , for 2018, for a 10-vehicle electric bus fleet, $ 0.85; and with Foothill Transit , for 2018, for a 12-vehicle electric bus fleet, $ 0.84. 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference The 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference , more commonly referred to as COP26 ,

3752-517: The type in 2026. Battery electric bus In 2018, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) found that total operating costs per mile of an electric bus fleet and a diesel bus fleet in the United States are about equal. The London Electrobus Company started running the first ever service of battery electric buses between London 's Victoria station and Liverpool Street on 15 July 1907. However,

3819-573: The type which were delivered across two batches in 2018 and 2021, Metroline , who purchased 23 Enviro200EVs for use on route 46, and Stagecoach London , who purchased five of the first Enviro200EVs to feature the redesigned roof layout for service on route 323. Outside London, the first 12 Enviro200EVs to enter service outside of the capital were delivered to Arriva Merseyside in 2017. Three Enviro200EVs were also delivered to Salisbury Reds in 2020 for park and ride services in Salisbury . Since then,

3886-640: The use of coal, and forest conservation. 39 countries and institutions signed the Glasgow Statement , an international agreement to shift international public finance away from fossil fuels towards clean energy. If implemented properly, the Glasgow Statement will shift $ 28 billion per year from fossil fuels to clean energy. India promised to draw half of its energy requirement from renewable sources by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2070. Governments of 24 developed countries and

3953-432: The weight and inefficiency of batteries meant that other propulsion technology - such as electric trolleybuses or diesel buses - became commonplace. The first battery buses were mostly small, mini- or midi- buses. The improvement of battery technology from around 2010 led to the emergence of the mass-produced battery bus, including heavier units such as 12.2-meter (40 ft) standard buses and articulated buses. China

4020-424: The workers in the industry. Countries including Chile , Poland , Ukraine , South Korea , Indonesia and Vietnam also agreed to phase out coal in the 2030s for major economies, and the 2040s for poorer nations. These nations include some of the world's most intensive users of coal. However, they do not include the world's largest users of the fuel, China , India , and the United States of America . Japan

4087-614: The world's forests, including Canada , Russia , the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the United States , agreed to end deforestation by 2030, improving on a similar 2014 agreement by now including Brazil , Indonesia , businesses and more financial resources. Signatories of the 2014 agreement, the New York Declaration on Forests , pledged to half deforestation by 2020 and end it by 2030; however, in

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4154-649: Was appointed the UK Government's High Level Climate Action Champion for COP26. Italy partnered with the UK in leading COP26. For the most part, their role was in preparatory work such as the hosting of a pre-COP session and an event for young people called Youth4Climate 2020: Driving Ambition. These events took place between 28 September and 2 October 2020 in Milan . Because of the COVID-19 pandemic , in April 2020

4221-491: Was blocked from entry to the summit. Six exiled Afghan climate experts had their applications rejected by the UNFCCC. Additionally, the island nation of Kiribati did not send participants, while fellow island nations Vanuatu and Samoa registered but did not send a delegation. Under the Paris Agreement, countries submitted pledges called nationally determined contributions , to limit their greenhouse gas emissions. Under

4288-610: Was named COP26 People's Advocate, spoke at the summit. Australian prime minister Scott Morrison spoke. Czech prime minister Andrej Babiš denounced the proposed European Union Fit for 55 laws, part of the European Green Deal , saying that the bloc "can achieve nothing without the participation of the largest polluters such as China or the USA". Prince Charles addressed the opening ceremony in person. Queen Elizabeth , having been advised to rest by doctors, addressed

4355-616: Was the 26th United Nations Climate Change conference , held at the SEC Centre in Glasgow , Scotland , United Kingdom , from 31 October to 13 November 2021. The president of the conference was UK cabinet minister Alok Sharma . Delayed for a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic , it was the 26th Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),

4422-474: Was the first country to introduce modern battery electric buses in large scale. In 2009 Shanghai catenary bus lines began switching to battery buses. In September 2010, Chinese automobile company BYD began manufacturing the BYD K9 , one of the most popular electric buses The first city to heavily invest in electric buses was Shenzhen , China. The city began rolling out electric buses made by BYD in 2011, with

4489-1158: Was visited by both Scottish National Clinical Director Jason Leitch and Scottish Health Secretary Humza Yousaf during the conference. Twenty-five thousand delegates from nearly 200 countries were expected to attend, and around 120 heads of state came. Among the attendees were UN secretary-general António Guterres , United States president Joe Biden , Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau , Dutch prime minister Mark Rutte , Egyptian president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi , European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen , French president Emmanuel Macron , German chancellor Angela Merkel , Spanish prime minister Pedro Sánchez , Indian prime minister Narendra Modi , Indonesian president Joko Widodo , Israeli prime minister Naftali Bennett , Japanese prime minister Fumio Kishida , Nigerian president Muhammadu Buhari , Polish prime minister Mateusz Morawiecki , Swedish prime minister Stefan Löfven , and Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelensky Former United States president Barack Obama and English broadcaster and natural historian David Attenborough , who

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