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112-623: The municipality of Argao is located in the southeast of the province of Cebu , 67 kilometres (42 mi) from Cebu City . Argao is bordered to the north by the municipality of Sibonga , to the west are the municipalities of Ronda , Alcantara and Moalboal , to the east is the Cebu Strait , and to the south is the municipality of Dalaguete . Argao is politically subdivided into 45 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios . Poverty incidence of Argao Source: Philippine Statistics Authority The economy of

224-597: A town , whose chiefs are Cilaton, Ciguibucan, Cimaninga, Cimaticat, and Cicanbul . If it were a rich city, it would be very unlikely to be ignored by the chronicler, and also by the absence of Indian stone structures were not found nor erected before the late 16th to the 17th century. Despite the smallness of the polity of Cebu it borrowed a considerable degree of Indo–Malay culture as its more well-developed advanced neighbors like Butuan in Southeast Asia which it had dynastic links to, as Rajah Siagu of Butuan

336-521: A chief of a village in Cebu, and persuaded the natives to ally themselves with the Spanish. On April 14 Magellan erected a large wooden cross on the shores of Cebu. Afterward, Humabon was baptized along with about 400 islanders. Magellan soon heard of Datu Lapu-Lapu, a native chief in nearby Mactan Island , a rival of a chief in Cebu. It was thought that Humabon and Lapu–Lapu had been fighting for control of

448-428: A land area of 315 square kilometers (122 sq mi). To the northeast of the city is Mandaue City and the town of Consolacion ; to the west is Toledo City and the towns of Balamban and Asturias ; to the south is Talisay City and the town of Minglanilla . Across Mactan Strait to the east is Mactan island where Lapu-Lapu is located. Further east across the Cebu Strait is the island of Bohol . Cebu City

560-592: A leading role in the subjugation of the Kingdoms of Tundun and Seludong in 1570. One year later, López de Legazpi departed Cebu to discuss a peace pact with the defeated Rajahs. An agreement between the conquistadors and the Rajahs to form a city council paved the way for the establishment of a new settlement and the construction of the Christian walled city of Intramuros on the razed remains of Islamic Manila, then

672-422: A portmanteau of "Cebu" and "boom", has been used to refer to the rapid economic development of both Cebu City and Cebu Province from the early 1990s to the early 2000s. Cebu City is considered to be the prime trading center of the southern Philippines. With Cebu City's proximity to many islands, beaches, hotel and resorts, diving locations, and heritage sites, high domestic and foreign tourist arrivals have fueled

784-717: A prominent educational center for the Visayas and Mindanao regions, and new schools were established in Cebu's uptown areas, such as the Talamban campus of the University of San Carlos . Cebu became a key center of resistance against the Marcos dictatorship , first becoming apparent when the hastily put-together lineup of Pusyon Bisaya defeated the entire slate of Marcos' Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL) in Region VII. Among

896-645: A total complement of 250 people from the Spanish fort of Sanlúcar de Barrameda en route to southeast Asia via the Americas and the Pacific Ocean. They reached the Philippines on March 16, 1521. Rajah Kolambu the king of Mazaua told them to sail for Cebu, where they could trade and obtain provisions. Arriving in Cebu City, Magellan, with Enrique of Malacca as a translator, befriended Rajah Humabon

1008-869: A vassal-state of the Sultanate of Brunei . In 1571, the Spanish carried over infantry from Mexico, to raise an army of Christian Visayan warriors from Cebu and Iloilo as well as mercenaries from the Tagalog region and assaulted the Sultanate of Brunei in what is known as the Castilian War . The war also started the Spanish–Moro Wars waged between the Christian Visayans and Muslim Mindanao, wherein Moros burned towns and conducted slave raids in

1120-537: A wagon road built in 1877, from Cotcot to Dapdap. The climate of Cebu is tropical. There are 2 seasons in Cebu − the dry and wet season. It is dry and sunny most of the year with some occasional rains during the months of June to December. The province of Cebu normally gets typhoons once a year or none. Northern Cebu gets more rainfall and typhoons than southern Cebu because it has a different climate. Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) hit Northern Cebu in 2013 killing 73 people and injuring 348 others. Though most typhoons hit only

1232-651: Is Tamil-Sanskrit for "Lion City", the same root words as with the modern city-state of Singapore . The later Spanish chronicler Antonio Pigafetta mispronounced Singhapala as Cingopola instead. The arrival of Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan in 1521 began a period of Spanish exploration and colonization. Losing the favor of King Manuel I of Portugal for his plan of reaching the Spice Islands by sailing west from Europe, Magellan offered his services to King Charles I of Spain (Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor). On September 20, 1519, Magellan led five ships with

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1344-646: Is a shortening of the word "Bendahara" (भाण्डार) which means "Storage house" in Sanskrit. On April 7, 1521, Portuguese explorer at the service of the Spanish Crown and leader of the first expedition to circumnavigate the world, Ferdinand Magellan , landed in Cebu. He was welcomed by Rajah Humabon . Magellan, however, was killed in the Battle of Mactan , and the remaining members of his expedition left Cebu soon after several of them were poisoned by Humabon, who

1456-652: Is also a subspecies of Idea leuconoe that is only endemic to Cebu. I. l. jumaloni is endemic to the area of Kawasan Falls in Badian , hence its common name, the Kawasan Paper Kite Butterfly . The subspecies is also named after Julian Jumalon, a Cebuano Lepidopterist and butterfly artist. The butterfly can also be observed in the Nug-as rainforest. Cebu has little remaining forest cover. The remaining forest patches in Cebu are composed primarily of

1568-591: Is also understood by the populace through Filipino mass media . There are also a few speakers of Hiligaynon from nearby Hiligaynon-speaking provinces in Panay and in Soccsksargen region in Mindanao and other speakers of other Visayan languages from nearby regions. Minority speakers of other Philippine languages are also residents in the city, one of them are Ilocanos , a Luzon ethnic group whose native language

1680-854: Is celebrated every third Sunday of January. Cebu has a Roman Catholic Archdiocese and has several major churches, including the Basilica Minor del Santo Niño de Cebu , Cebu Metropolitan Cathedral , Santo Rosario Parish Church, San José–Recoletos Church, Sacred Heart Church, Archdiocesan Shrine of Our Lady of Lourdes, National Shrine of Our Lady of the Rule, National Shrine of Saint Joseph of Mandaue , Archdiocesan Shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe of Cebu, San Nicolas de Tolentino Church, Archdiocesan Shrine of Patrocinio de Maria Santissima of Boljoon , and other Christian churches, as well as several other non-Catholic churches, mosques and temples. Former governors of Cebu: Cebu City Cebu City , officially

1792-548: Is considered the birthplace of Christianity in the Far East. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cebu is currently the largest archdiocese in the Philippines and in Asia. There are plans to divide the archdiocese, which covers the entire civil Province of Cebu , into three dioceses, of which two are suffragans of the archdiocese. Christianity in the form of Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion in Cebu for about 95% of

1904-536: Is higher than the median age of 20.8 years that was recorded in 2000. The Cebuano language is spoken in Cebu, which is also spoken in the rest of Central Visayas and most parts of Eastern Visayas , as well as most provinces of Mindanao . In the Camotes Islands , especially in Poro , people there speak their own Visayan language called Porohanon , which has Masbateño and Waray-Waray influences. Some of

2016-654: Is identified as a site of highest marine biodiversity importance in the Coral Triangle . Its capital and largest city is Cebu City , nicknamed "the Queen (Catholic) City of the South" having the Second Cardinal, the oldest city and first capital of the Philippines , which is politically independent from the provincial government along with Mandaue and Lapu-Lapu City . The Cebu Metropolitan Area or Metro Cebu

2128-425: Is long and narrow, stretching 196 kilometers (122 mi) from north to south and 32 kilometers (20 mi) across at its widest point. It has narrow coastlines, limestone plateaus, and coastal plains. It also has rolling hills and rugged mountain ranges traversing the northern and southern lengths of the island. Cebu's highest mountains are over 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) high. Flat tracts of land can be found in

2240-468: Is politically subdivided into 80 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios . These barangays are grouped into two congressional districts , with 46 barangays in the northern district and 34 in the southern district. As of the 2020 census, 58 barangays are classified as urban barangays where 888,481 (92.15%) of Cebu City's population lives, while the remaining 22 rural barangays are home to 75,668 residents, representing 7.85% of

2352-478: Is said that she and her husband Mangao reside in a cave in that area, surrounded by cacao trees. Argao is, additionally, a producer of vinegar in the province. When the tubâ ferments or when it is aged too long, it becomes sour. It eventually turns into vinegar which is used as sauce or as component for a sauce in main courses. The palm vinegar is referred to as sukang tubâ . It is often accompanied with spices such as garlic and chili peppers and usually comes by

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2464-627: Is scheduled to be finished by 2025. The Pasil Fish Market , located in Barangays Pasil and Suba, is a major fish wholesale market, sourcing fresh catch from different parts of the Visayas . The South Road Properties (SRP) is a 300-hectare (740-acre) prime property development project on a reclaimed land located a few metres off the coast of Cebu's central business district. It is a mixed-use development that will feature entertainment, leisure, residential and business-processing industries. It

2576-516: Is the third largest metropolitan area in the Philippines (after Metro Manila and Metro Davao ) with Cebu City as the main center of commerce, trade, education and industry in the Visayas as well as the regional center of Central Visayas . Being one of the most developed provinces in the Philippines, in a decade it has transformed into a global hub for business processing services, tourism, shipping, furniture-making, and heavy industry . Mactan–Cebu International Airport , located on Mactan Island ,

2688-598: Is the eponymous Ilocano language ; Ilocanos form a minority in Cebu City, where they formed an organized association for Ilocano residents and their descendants there, including nearby cities and towns within Cebu Province. Chinese Filipinos also privately use Philippine Hokkien among fellow speakers of the language, while Mandarin ( Standard Chinese ) is also taught in Chinese class of Chinese Filipino schools and few other schools in Cebu. The term Ceboom ,

2800-419: Is the second busiest airport in the Philippines. Cebu has the most combined cities and municipalities of any province in the Philippines, with 53 in total. With 9 cities in total, it has the second most number of cities after its neighboring province of Negros Occidental . It is unclear whether the island was named sugbó or the settlement where Ferdinand Magellan 's crew arrived in 1521. The capital city of

2912-419: The 2020 Philippine census , was 3,325,385 with a density of 670 inhabitants per square kilometre or 1,700 inhabitants per square mile . When the independent cities – Cebu City (964,169 ), Lapu-Lapu (497,604 ), and Mandaue (364,116 ) – are included for geographical purposes, the total population is 5,151,274 people, with a population density of 964 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,498/sq mi). The population of

3024-581: The Anti-Japanese military operations in Cebu from April 1942 to September 1945 and helped Cebuano guerrillas and fought against the Japanese Imperial forces . Almost three years later in March 1945, combined Filipino and American forces landed and reoccupied the island during the liberation of the Philippines . Cebuano guerrilla groups led by an American, James M. Cushing , is credited for

3136-601: The Apparition of Saint Michael the Archangel , when the island was taken possession of on behalf of the Spanish King. The Treaty of Cebu was formalized on July 3, 1565. López de Legazpi's party named the new city "Villa de San Miguel de Cebú" (later renamed "Ciudad del Santísimo Nombre de Jesús)." In 1567 the Cebu garrison was reinforced with the arrival of 2,100 soldiers from New Spain (Mexico). The growing colony

3248-422: The Camotes Islands . But the highly urbanized cities of Cebu , Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue are independent cities not under provincial supervision, yet are often grouped with the province for geographical and statistical purposes. The province's land area is 4,944 square kilometers (1,909 sq mi), or when the three independent cities (Cebu City, Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue) are included for geographical purposes,

3360-484: The Central Visayas is predominantly young with about 37 percent of its population below 10 years old. This is very evident in the very broad base of the population pyramid in the region which has prevailed since 1970 but at a declining rate. A decline of 2.29 percentage points in the proportion of household population below 15 years old was noted from 1980 to 1995. Conversely, an increase of 3.06 percentage points

3472-620: The City of Cebu ( Cebuano : Dakbayan sa Sugbo ), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the Central Visayas region of the Philippines . According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 964,169 people, making it the sixth-most populated city in the nation and the most populous in the Visayas and in Central Visayas Region. It serves as the capital of Cebu wherein it is geographically situated and grouped under

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3584-746: The Iglesia ni Cristo in the province has 3 subdivided district (Bogo City, Carcar City and Cebu City) chapels, dominating each cities and towns, while barrio chapels have 2-3% presence in the entire province. Cebu is the capital of the Catholic faith by virtue of being the first Christian city, the first capital of the Spanish East Indies , and the birthplace of Christianity and the Philippine Church. Pope John Paul II , in his Homily for Families in Cebu (February 19, 1981), called

3696-559: The cocoa production originates from Argao. The raw cacao , once harvested, is molded, while melted, into disk-shaped tablets called tablea . These are often used in sikwate , a Cebuano version of hot chocolate . The production of chocolate in Argao is said to have been pre-colonial. Maria Cacao , a goddess of the Lantoy Mountain , is said to have been the giver of the cacao tree to the natives of Argao, according to legend. It

3808-420: The later half of the 16th century . The city's only reliable historical record started with Portuguese explorer, Ferdinand Magellan 's landing in the island in 1521 CE and then after the Battle of Mactan , it is then followed by a brief period of silence and almost nihility, and back again in 1565 CE when Miguel López de Legazpi led an expedition back to the island. When Magellan and crew arrived in 1521 CE,

3920-629: The "Top 100 BPO Destinations Report" by global advisory firm Tholons. In 2012, the growth in IT-BPO revenues in Cebu grew 26.9 percent at $ 484 million, while nationally, the industry grew 18.2 percent at $ 13 billion. Aboitiz Equity Ventures , formerly known as Cebu Pan Asian Holdings, is the first holding company from Cebu City publicly listed in the Philippine Stock Exchange . Ayala Corporation , through its subsidiary Cebu Holdings, Inc. and Cebu Property, both publicly in

4032-593: The 1700s, Cebu housed 625 Spanish Filipino families and 28,112 native families In 1898, the island was ceded to the United States after the Spanish–American War and Philippine–American War . In 1901, Cebu was governed by the United States for a brief period, however, it became a chartered city on February 24, 1937, and was governed independently by Filipino politicians. Cebu, being one of

4144-663: The 1990s, a phenomenon also known as " Ceboom ". Owing to its economic importance and influence in modern times, Cebu City is also popularly referred to as the Queen City of the South . The word sugbú in Cebuano means "to dive into water", and also in Tagalog, Hiligaynon, Aklanon, and Mansaka languages with more or less the same meaning. The name is probably derived from the Proto-Philippine word * sug(e)bu meaning "to wade into water". As with most settlements in

4256-667: The Cebuanos immediately arrested by the Marcos dictatorship when Martial law was announced on September 23, 1972, were columnist and future National Artist Resil Mojares and human rights lawyer and Carcar Vice Mayor Democrito Barcenas, who were both detained at Camp Sergio Osmeña. One of the Marcos Martial Law desaparecidos from Cebu was Redemptorist priest Fr. Rudy Romano, a prominent Marcos critic and executive secretary of Cebu's Coalition against People's Persecution, who

4368-462: The Europeans did not mention or state a thriving city in a European or Chinese sense and nor it was ever been described as a "kingdom" as there were no kingdoms in pre-colonial Philippines other than it was merely a simple fishing and trading village. However, this notion is challenged by a new translation of ancient Chinese Annals, a kingdom called Suwu was mentioned in the 1225 Chinese Annals,

4480-418: The Europeans. Legazpi dealt only with Tupas, after a brief "trial" on grounds of apostasy and Magellan's murder, the Europeans pardoned the natives' chief and included the natives. After the exchange, the two parties then discussed the terms and conditions including confirmation of titles, who receives tax exemptions, land grants, authority and recognition of officials. The crew then left Cebu on June 1, 1565. In

4592-561: The Local Government Code of 1991. ) Cebu Cebu ( / s ɛ ˈ b uː / seb- OO ; Cebuano : Sugbo ), officially the Province of Cebu (Cebuano: Lalawigan sa Sugbo ; Filipino : Lalawigan ng Cebu ), is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Visayas (Region VII) region , and consists of a main island and 167 surrounding islands and islets . The coastal zone of Cebu

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4704-618: The Marcos Martial Law Desaparecidos from Cebu was Redemptorist Priest Fr. Rudy Romano , a prominent Marcos critic and Executive Secretary of Cebu's Coalition against People's Persecution, who was accosted by armed men in Tisa, Labangon, Cebu City on June 11, 1985, and never seen again. Levi Ybañez , Romano's colleague in the Coalition against People's Persecution, was abducted on the same day as Fr. Romano, and

4816-689: The PSE Index, developed the Cebu Park District where the mixed-used development zones of the Cebu Business Park and Cebu IT Park are located. Both master planned areas are host to regional headquarters for various companies in the banking, finance, IT and tourism sectors among others. Shipbuilding companies in Cebu have manufactured bulk carriers of up to 70,000 metric tons (69,000 long tons; 77,000 short tons) deadweight (DWT) and double-hulled fast craft as well. This industry made

4928-485: The Philippines the 4th largest shipbuilding country in the world. With a revenue growth rate of 18.8 percent in 2012, the real estate industry is the fastest growing sector in Cebu. With the strong economic indicators and high investors' confidence level, more condominium projects and hypermarkets are being developed in the locality. List of largest shopping malls in the Philippines Colon Street ,

5040-436: The Philippines whose common origin is either derived from an abundance of plants, for example, Manila and one of the most common names of cities in the Philippines, Talisay and settlements near a body of water, for example, Iloilo and the island of Mindanao . Early iterations of the name include Çubu, and Zubu, and then eventually "Cebu". Thus, the modern name is either probably a 16th–17th century Spanish pronunciation of

5152-506: The Pitlagong Festival in 2011, is the municipality's local food festival in honor of St Michael the Archangel, the patron saint of Argao. La Torta Festival happens every 28–29 September to celebrate Argao's Tart Economy and the torta as an Argaoanon delicacy, as well as cultural heritage from the Spanish period, which includes the tradition of making the torta. Argao is also a producer of Cebuano tsokolate (chocolate). Much of

5264-527: The Spanish Governor, General Montero, evacuated his troops to Zamboanga, turning over government property to Pablo Mejia. The next day, a provincial government was formed under Luis Flores as president, General Juan Climaco as military chief of staff, and Julio Llorente as mayor. The signing of the Treaty of Paris at the end of the Spanish–American War provided for the cession of Cebu along with

5376-734: The Visayas islands and selling the slaves to the Sultanates of the Malay Archipelago and the Visayans fought back by establishing Christian fort-cities in Mindanao, cities such as Zamboanga City . On August 14, 1595, Pope Clement VIII created the diocese of Cebu as a suffragan to the Archdiocese of Manila . The years: 1603, 1636, 1670, and 1672; saw the deployment of 86, 50, 135, and 135; Latin-American soldiers from Mexico at Cebu . In 1608, Muslim Moros from Magindanao raided

5488-616: The Zhufan Zhi (諸蕃志), and during the 17th Century this was the same name used for Cebu among Chinese traders to the Philippines, thus, it is presumed to be the same location. Cebu was referenced in association with Boni ( Brunei ) wherein it was written: "The countries of Xilonggong (Sailunggung/Sailengkeng, possibly Selingaan Island ), Shimiao (Simmiu/Simbio), Rili (Jatlai/Jitleh, possibly Jelai ), Hulumantou (Wulomantau/Holobantau), Suwu (Somat/Sobut), Lima (Leima/Libeh), Danyu (Damjyu/Tamu), and Manuo (Manok/Belok) are located on islands in

5600-656: The arrival of the Spaniards. It was founded by Sri Lumay otherwise known as Rajamuda Lumaya , a half-Malay, half-Tamil prince of the Chola dynasty who invaded Sumatra in Indonesia . He was sent by the Maharajah to establish a base for expeditionary forces to subdue the local kingdoms, but he rebelled and established his own independent Rajahnate instead. The capital of the nation was Singhapala (சிங்கப்பூர்) which

5712-699: The bottle. The public schools in the town of Argao are administered by two school districts under the Schools Division of Cebu Province . Elementary schools: High schools: Integrated schools: ( Administratively independent from the province but grouped under Cebu by the Philippine Statistics Authority . However, qualified voters in Mandaue are allowed to vote in elections for Cebu provincial officials by virtue of Republic Act No. 6641, in accordance with Section 452-c of

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5824-595: The brutal " comfort women " system. The 3rd , 8th , 82nd and 85th Infantry Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army was re-established from January 3, 1942, to June 30, 1946, and the 8th Constabulary Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary was reestablished again from October 28, 1944, to June 30, 1946, at the military general headquarters and the military camps and garrisoned in Cebu city and Cebu province. They started

5936-442: The center of a dense and compact area in downtown Cebu City, becoming home to many shopping and business activities, including the city's most fashionable shops, restaurants, and movie houses. In 1962, construction of the Cebu City North Reclamation Area commenced, finishing eventually in 1969, which expanded the port of Cebu and provided the city with more developable land close to the city center. During this time, Cebu also became

6048-474: The city is the Cebu Taoist Temple , a Taoist temple located in the Beverly Hills subdivision of Lahug. The most recent census data on ethnicity and language (from the 2010 census) shows that the vast majority of the city's population speaks Cebuano as the primary casual vernacular language. English is also used as the primary formal medium of instruction in schools, besides Filipino class which teaches Filipino ( Tagalog ) across schools in Cebu and

6160-426: The city of Bogo and in the towns of San Remigio , Medellin and Daanbantayan at the northern region of the province. The island's area is 4,468 square kilometres (1,725 sq mi), making it the 9th largest island in the Philippines. It supports over 5.2 million people, of which an estimated 2.9 million live in Metro Cebu . Beaches, coral atolls, islands, and rich fishing grounds surround Cebu. Coal

6272-418: The city's tourism industry. Due to its geographic location in the middle of the country, accessibility by air, land and sea transportation, Cebu City has become the tourist gateway to central and southern Philippines. Its port, Port of Cebu , is the country's second largest seaport. The city is a major hub for the business process outsourcing industry of the Philippines. In 2013, Cebu ranked 8th worldwide in

6384-403: The city. In 2002, the South Road Properties (SRP) was completed, initially with the intention of being a hub for light industries but gradually shifted to be a hub for mixed-use developments . The Cebu South Coastal Road, which traverses through SRP, has helped alleviate the city's traffic by serving as an alternative to the Natalio Bacalso Avenue . SM Seaside City Cebu opened in 2015, and

6496-463: The command of Captain Juan de Chavez. In the 1700s, Cebu housed 625 Spanish Filipino families and 28,112 native families On April 3, 1898, local revolutionaries led by the Negrense Leon Kilat rose up against the Spanish colonial authorities and took control of the urban center after three days of fighting. The uprising was only ended by the treacherous murder of Leon Kilat and the arrival of soldiers from Iloilo and Manila. On December 26, 1898,

6608-445: The compilation of Spanish accounts by esteemed American historian specializing in Philippine history, William Henry Scott , there is no mention of any scorched earth tactics in Visayan warfare. It is likely then that the "legend" is an invention by Jovito Abellana. The supposed capital city, " Singhapala " , was also not mentioned as a capital city. Instead, Antonio Pigafetta , a chronicler in Magellan's crew, records "Cingapola" as

6720-418: The decade, it was experiencing rapid economic growth, dubbed Ceboom . The economic growth of the city also spread economic growth to its neighboring cities and municipalities , which spreads from Danao from the north all the way to Carcar to the south. Within the city, economic growth was observed in other areas as well, and much of the business activity shifted from the old and derelict downtown area to

6832-401: The east by the cities of Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue and the towns of Liloan , Consolacion and Compostela and to the south by the city of Talisay . Located at the center of the eastern seaboard of Cebu Island , it is the core city of Metro Cebu , the second largest metropolitan area in the Philippines, which includes the cities of Carcar , Danao, Lapu-Lapu, Mandaue, Naga and Talisay and

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6944-437: The establishment of the "Koga Papers", which is said to have changed the American plans to retake the Philippines from Japanese occupation in 1944, by helping the combined United States and the Philippine Commonwealth Army forces enter Cebu in 1945. The following year the island achieved independence from colonial rule in 1946. Cebu became a key center of resistance against the Marcos dictatorship , first becoming apparent when

7056-421: The expedition and sailed the fleet back to Spain, circumnavigating the world. Survivors of the Magellan expedition returned to Spain with tales of a savage island in the East Indies . Consequently, several Spanish expeditions were sent to the islands but all ended in failure. On April 27, 1565 Miguel López de Legazpi arrived on the island (some sources say on 1564 CE), though he also intended to make peace, he

7168-464: The expedition visited Leyte , Cabalian , Mazaua, Camiguin and Bohol where the famous Sandugo or blood compact was performed between López de Legazpi and Datu Sikatuna , the chieftain of Bohol on March 16, 1565. The Spanish arrived in Cebu on April 15, 1565. They then attempted to parley with the local ruler, Rajah Tupas, but found that he and the local population had abandoned the town. Rajah Tupas presented himself at their camp on May 8, feast of

7280-799: The first provincial governor. Juan Climaco was elected to that office in January 1904. With its city status granted by the King of Spain in 1594 invalidated by the change of colonial administration, in 1934 the neighboring municipalities of El Pardo, Mabolo, Talamban, Banilad, and San Nicolas were dissolved and merged to become the revived City of Cebu, which received its renewed official Charter on February 24, 1937. These former towns were broken up into several barangays, including their town centers which assumed their names (in contrast, Manila and Iloilo preserved their incorporated towns as geo-political districts) resulting this in expansion of its territory. Many other Philippine cities such as Dansalan (now Marawi ), Iloilo City , and Bacolod were also incorporated at

7392-423: The flourishing trade in the area. On April 27 the Battle of Mactan occurred, where the Spaniards were defeated and Magellan was killed by the natives of Mactan in Mactan Island. According to Italian historian and chronicler Antonio Pigafetta , Magellan's body was never recovered despite efforts to trade for it with spice and jewels. Magellan's second-in-command, Juan Sebastián Elcano , took his place as captain of

7504-415: The following tree species. The province of Cebu has 3 highly urbanized cities (the capital city of Cebu , Lapu-Lapu , and Mandaue ) which are geographically grouped but governed independent from the province, 6 component cities ( Bogo , Carcar , Danao , Naga , Talisay , and Toledo ), and 44 municipalities for a total of 53 units as listed below: The population of Cebu province, according to

7616-440: The hastily put-together lineup of Pusyon Bisaya defeated the entire slate of Marcos' Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL) in Region VII. Among the Cebuanos immediately arrested by the Marcos dictatorship when Martial law was announced on September 23, 1972, were columnist and future National Artist Resil Mojares and human rights lawyer and Carcar Vice Mayor Democrito Barcenas , who were both detained at Camp Sergio Osmeña. One of

7728-406: The infrastructure of the city and province. The typhoon cut off many of the city's communication lines, and was virtually cut from the outside, causing delays for aid from the national government in Manila . This forced local authorities to rethink governmental priorities, and enforced some radical measures, such as food, water, and fuel rations. However, the city quickly recovered, and by the end of

7840-415: The island as the birthplace of Christianity in the Philippines. At over 3,000,000 adherents, the province of Cebu has the highest number of Roman Catholics out of any province in the Philippines. The image of Santo Niño de Cebú (Holy Child of Cebu), the oldest Christian image in the Philippines, is enshrined and venerated at the Basilica Minore del Santo Niño. According to Philippine historical documents,

7952-453: The latter season. Average temperatures show little variance during the year with average daily temps ranging from 27 °C (81 °F) to 29 °C (84 °F). The city on averages experiences roughly 1,700 millimeters (67 in) of precipitation annually. The city's population reached 799,762 people in 2007, and at the time of the 2010 census, the population had grown to 866,171 people, who formed at least 161,151 households. The city

8064-548: The more modern and more diverse business districts located in other areas of the city, including areas around Fuente Osmeña (colloquially known as "Uptown Cebu"), the Cebu Business Park , and the Cebu IT Park , among other areas. The opening of the aforementioned Ayala Mall and SM City Cebu had also shifted significant retail activities away from Colon, though it remained to serve as an important transit point for public utility jeepneys (PUJ) covering arterial routes within

8176-526: The most densely populated islands in the Philippines, served as a Japanese base during their occupation in World War II which began with the landing of Japanese soldiers in April 1942. A Japanese businessman established Cebu's first "comfort station" during the war, where Japanese soldiers routinely gang-raped, humiliated, and murdered kidnapped girls and teenagers who they forced into sexual slavery under

8288-481: The municipalities (towns) of Compostela, Consolacion, Cordova , Liloan, Minglanilla and San Fernando . Metro Cebu had a total population of 3,165,799 as of the 2020 census. The current political boundaries of the city are an incorporation of the former municipalities of Cebu, San Nicolas, El Pardo, Mabolo, Talamban and Banilad in the Commonwealth period. The city has experienced rapid economic growth since

8400-526: The native name or as how it was heard by early chroniclers in that time period. The Selden map records the island known to the Ming dynasty as sokbu (束務), a Hokkien pronunciation of the name (in Mandarin Chinese " suwu" ), in the early 17th century. Very little is known about when the site was first settled prior to colonization, but artifacts have been discovered near the city, if not exactly at

8512-461: The natives already armed themselves, both parties were reported to have taunted each other offshore. Legazpi aimed the artillery on the proas which briefly confused the opposing natives causing them to run into the woods thus making the shore clear for the Spanish to land. Salvaging any valuable item that could be found, Juan de Camuz came across an image of the Child Jesus, which was probably

8624-654: The nearby Visayan province of Carigara in Leyte . Cebu under Commander Salgado led an expedition of 70 Spanish and 60 Pampango marines that had intercepted and destroyed them. On January 6, 1635; under orders by Juan de Alcarazo the Alcalde-Mayor of Cebu, a force of 50 Spanish and 1,000 Visayan troops, battled rebels who had uprisings at and settled in Bohol. At April 5, 1635: Cebu sent a force of 300 Spanish and 1,000 Visayan troops to settle and colonize Zamboanga City under

8736-417: The northern part of Cebu, the urban areas in central Cebu are sometimes hit, such as when Typhoon Mike (Ruping), one of the worst to hit Cebu lashed the central Cebu area in 1990. 31 years later, Typhoon Rai struck the central and southern portions of the province. Cebu's temperatures can reach a high of 36 °C (97 °F) from March to May, and as low as 18 °C (64 °F) in the mountains during

8848-437: The oldest national road in the Philippines, as well as its neighboring streets and surrounding areas, collectively known as Downtown Cebu, is an important center of commerce for the city. It is home to many malls, stores, and stalls selling various goods and services. Carbon Market is the city's oldest and largest farmer's market, and is set to be redeveloped to include other lifestyle and mixed-use developments. The redevelopment

8960-532: The one Magellan presented to the consort of the chief in 1521. From then on, a church was built on the site which would later become the Minor Basilica of the Holy Child . Twelve days later, on May 8, a fort was established and while the construction was ongoing, the natives frequently launched attacks but were always repulsed until eventually they give in as soon as they realized the superior armament of

9072-682: The opposition forces relaunched a civil disobedience campaign against the Marcos regime and its cronies on February 22, 1986. After that, the Carmelite Monastery in Barangay Mabolo, Cebu City, served as a refuge for opposition candidates Aquino and Laurel during the first day of the People Power revolution, because it was not yet safe to go back to Manila. In 1990, Typhoon Ruping (international name Mike ) hit Visayas and Cebu in particular, causing considerable damage to

9184-599: The opposition forces relaunched the Civil Disobedience Campaign against the Marcos regime and its cronies on February 22, 1986. After that, the Carmelite Monastery in Barangay Mabolo, Cebu City, served as a refuge for opposition candidates Corazon Aquino and Salvador Laurel during the first day of the People Power revolution, because it was not yet safe to go back to Manila. In 2007, the municipalities of Bogo , Carcar , and Naga became component cities. Their respective cityhood laws were ratified in

9296-664: The population, making it the 2nd most Roman Catholic affiliated city among the already majority Roman Catholic nation. The remainder of the religious population includes various Protestant faiths ( Baptists , Methodists , and Presbyterians ), Non-denominational groups, the Philippine Independent Church , Iglesia ni Cristo , the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , Jehovah's Witnesses , Seventh-day Adventist and other Christian groups. Other religions include Islam , Hinduism and Buddhism . Within

9408-424: The province by the Philippine Statistics Authority , but is one of three cities (together with Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue ) that are administratively independent of the provincial government and also the largest city within that province. It also serves as the regional center of Central Visayas , and its metropolitan area exerts influence on commerce, trade, industry, education, culture, tourism, and healthcare beyond

9520-509: The province is also named Cebu City . The name is possibly derived from a hypothetical Proto-Philippine word *sug(e)bu meaning "to bathe" or "to wade into the water". The word has evolved in the Cebuano language as sugbú, meaning "to dive into water" and also exists in other Philippine languages such as Tagalog and Hiligaynon . In fact, there is also another municipality in Batangas, Philippines called Nasugbu , which may also share

9632-412: The province was devastated by Typhoon Haiyan a month later. In December 2021, Typhoon Rai wreaked havoc across the province, leading to a declaration of "calamity" by the government. Cebu is located to the east of Negros , to the west of Leyte and Bohol islands. The province consists of Cebu Island, as well as 167 smaller islands, which include Mactan , Bantayan , Malapascua , Olango and

9744-404: The region, over Central and Eastern Visayas and partly over Mindanao . It is the Philippines' main domestic shipping port and is home to about 80% of the country's domestic shipping companies. Additionally, Cebu City is the prime trading center of the southern Philippines. Cebu City is bounded on the north by the town of Balamban and the city of Danao , on the west by the city of Toledo , on

9856-626: The residents in Bantayan islands also speak Bantayanon , a Visayan language related to Waray-Waray . Chinese Filipinos also speak Philippine Hokkien privately amongst fellow speakers in Cebu , while Mandarin ( Standard Chinese ) is also taught in Chinese class of Chinese Filipino schools . The majority of its population are Roman Catholic followed by roughly 95% of Cebuanos. There are also followers of Iglesia Filipina Independiente , Islam , Buddhism and Hinduism . The increasing members of

9968-731: The rest of the Philippine Islands to the United States until the formation of the Commonwealth Era (1935–46) . On February 21, 1899, the USS Petrel (PG-2) deployed a landing party of 40 marines on the shores of Cebu. Cebu's transfer to the American government was signed by Luis Flores although others, most notably General Arcadio Maxilom and Juan Climaco, offered resistance until 1901. Governor W. H. Taft visited Cebu on April 17, 1901, and appointed Julio Llorente as

10080-434: The same etymological root with the said province. The modern name is most likely how the first Europeans heard of the name of the place in the 16th-17th centuries, as it was first recorded as Zubu or Çubu, and then eventually it became Cebu. The reason of the spelling change is because Visayans were mostly illiterate in the 16th and 17th centuries . The Rajahnate of Cebu was a native kingdom that existed in Cebu prior to

10192-524: The same time (see Cities of the Philippines ). Alfredo V. Jacinto was then serving as mayor when the city's status was restored by law. Along with the rest of the country, Cebu came under Japanese occupation of the Philippines during World War II . The Japanese encountered opposition from guerrillas and irregular forces led by Col. James Cushing and the Cebu Area Command. A Japanese businessman established Cebu's first "comfort station" during

10304-478: The same year. However, their cityhood status were lost twice in the years 2008 and 2010 after the LCP questioned the validity of the cityhood laws. Their cityhood status were reaffirmed after the court finalized its ruling on February 15, 2011, declared their respective cityhood laws constitutional. In February 2012 Cebu island experienced the effects of magnitude 6.7 earthquake on the neighboring island of Negros and

10416-402: The sea. Their people travel to and fro in small boats, and their clothing and diet are the same as those of Boni. They produce sheng agarwood, lakawood, beeswax, and tortoiseshell. Merchants can trade for these with white porcelain ware, wine, rice, coarse salt, white spun silk, and trade-quality gold." There is a popular myth that the city was supposedly founded by "Sri Lumay" and that the place

10528-447: The site in what is now Cebu City dating back to at least the 14th to 15th centuries CE. Other geological and archaeological studies revealed that Cebu as a settlement began sometime during the 10th century CE. Though there are artifacts detailing the settlement of the island as early as 2000 BCE, the exact date of when the village was settled and named " Sugbu" is unknown, since prior to colonization most Visayans were illiterate up until

10640-633: The statue of the Santo Niño (Holy Child) was given to Queen Humamay (also referred to as Hara Amihan and Queen Juana), the wife of Rajah Humabon (also referred to as Rajah Carlos), the Rajah of Cebu by the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan. The Cebuanos' acceptance of Christianity is depicted in Cebu's cultural event, the Sinulog where street parades and loud drum beats preceded by a Christian Mass

10752-407: The total area is 5,342 square kilometers (2,063 sq mi). Cebu's central location, proximity to an unusually exotic tourist destination, ready access to a diversity of plant, animal and geological wonders within the island, and remoteness from earthquake and typhoon activity are some of the special attributes of Cebu. Cebu Island is the 126th largest island in the world . Cebu Island itself

10864-474: The total population. The most populous barangays in the city, as of the 2020 census, are Guadalupe (70,039), Tisa (47,364), and Lahug (45,853), while Kalubihan is the least populous barangay with only 663 residents. Cebu City has a tropical monsoon climate under the Köppen climate classification . The city has a lengthy wet season and a short dry season , with only the months of March and April falling into

10976-568: The town of Argao heavily revolves around farming, baking, and tourism. Argao is renowned in Cebu as the "Torta Capital of the Province" because of its local delicacy, the Torta , a Cebuano tart that is inspired from the Spanish tart, but differs in its recipe by using tubâ or palm wine as the rising agent instead of the usual yeast. There are three Cebuano baking towns, the others are Liloan and Santander . The La Torta Festival, which replaced

11088-611: The war, where Japanese soldiers routinely gang-raped, humiliated, and murdered kidnapped girls and teenagers who they forced into sexual slavery under the brutal " comfort women " system. It was finally liberated with the Battle for Cebu City in March and April 1945. The military general headquarters of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and 8th Constabulary Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary, active from January 3, 1942, to June 30, 1946,

11200-495: The wet season. The average temperature is around 24 to 34 °C (75 to 93 °F), and does not fluctuate much except during the month of May, which is the hottest month. Cebu averages 70–80% humidity. Endemic species in Cebu include the Cebu Flowerpecker ( Dicaeum quadricolor ), Cebu Slender Skink ( Brachymeles cebuensis ), Uling Goby ( Sicyopus cebuensis ), and Black Shama ( Copsychus cebuensis ). There

11312-433: Was accosted by armed men in Tisa, Labangon, Cebu City, on June 11, 1985, and never seen again. Levi Ybañez, Romano's colleague in the Coalition against People's Persecution, was abducted on the same day as Fr. Romano, and was also never heard from again. Later, Cebu would play a key role in the days leading up to the 1986 People Power revolution and the ouster of Marcos. It was from Fuente Osmeña circle in Cebu City that

11424-429: Was also never heard from again. Ribomapil Holganza , a prominent leader of Cebu's opposition was also arrested together with his son on Christmas Day, December 25, 1983, on political charges. He was subsequently released and cleared of all charges. Later, Cebu would play a key role in the days leading up to the 1986 People Power revolution and the ouster of Marcos. It was from Fuente Osmeña circle in Cebu City that

11536-400: Was also prepared for a war since these were the same people that killed Magellan 44 years prior. According to the report, a messenger went to the Spanish ship and informed them that Tupas and "along with 10 other chiefs" would be out to either make negotiations or as a warning to prepare for an upcoming battle. Despite trying to assure the natives that the Spanish were there with good intentions,

11648-545: Was fearful of foreign occupation. The last ruler of Sugbo, prior to Spanish colonization, was Rajah Humabon's nephew, Rajah Tupas (d. 1565). On February 13, 1565, Spanish and (probably some) Mexican conquistadors led by Miguel López de Legazpi together with Augustinian friars whose prior was Andrés de Urdaneta , left New Spain (modern Mexico) and arrived in Samar, taking possession of the island thereafter. They Christianized some natives and Spanish remnants in Cebu. Afterwards,

11760-634: Was first discovered in Cebu about 1837. There were 15 localities over the whole island, on both coasts; some desultory mining had been carried out Naga near Mount Uling, but most serious operations were at Licos and Camansi west of Compostela and Danao. Active work ceased about 1895 with insurrections, and no production worked for more than ten years. A topographic and geologic survey of Compostela, Danao, and Carmen took place in 1906. The Compostela-Danao coalfield contained about six million workable tons. The tramroads, one from Danao to Camansi, one from Compostela to Mount Licos, were undertaken in 1895, together with

11872-406: Was observed in the 15–64 age group during the same period. The population of the region is evenly distributed between males and females. However, the male population in the region has been increasing at a faster rate compared to the female population. In 2010, the median age of the population of the province was 23.0 years, which means that half of the population was younger than 23.0 years. This

11984-490: Was once "Kang Sri Lumayng Sugbo". However, the authenticity of this source is highly debatable and should not be taken seriously. There are no existing documents predating Spanish chroniclers that made a reference to the island, and there was no mention of the so-called "Sri Lumay". Fr. Francisco Ignacio Alcina 's History of the Bisayan Islands does not even mention the epic or any reference to that person. Also, in

12096-764: Was one of the largest shopping malls in the Philippines upon opening. The opening of the Cebu–Cordova Link Expressway in 2022, which links the city to Cordova in Mactan, is poised to unlock the SRP's potential as the city's next economic hub. Other infrastructure projects, such as the Metro Cebu Expressway and the Cebu Bus Rapid Transit System , are also in place to help facilitate the city's future growth. Cebu City has

12208-407: Was stationed in Cebu City during World War II. The war virtually razed Cebu City to the ground. Reconstruction, however, was rapid. The city's central business district, which had been confined largely to the coast and the area around the port before the war, had expanded inland. Colon Street , the oldest national road in the Philippines, which was once a residential area in the pre-war years, became

12320-608: Was the cousin of Rajah Humabon, and also proven by the titles of native Cebuano nobility, wherein Chief Humabon (mistakenly referred as a "king" in Pigafetta's writings) was addressed in the Sanskrit title of " Rajah ". Tupas, also known as Rajah Tupas who was the chief of Cebu in 1565, descended from the brother of Rajah Humabon who was a "Bendara" which means "Treasurer" or "Vizier" in Sanskritized Malay and

12432-454: Was the largest quake in the area for 90 years. The tremor shook buildings but there were no reports of major building damage or loss of life on Cebu Island itself. This tremor was caused by a previously unrecorded fault . In October 2013, Cebu and Bohol were hit by record-setting 7.2 magnitude earthquake which left 222 dead and collapsed some buildings, including 5 historical churches. There were over 700 aftershocks. The northern part of

12544-425: Was then fortified by Fort San Pedro . Aside from these Mexican soldiers, the city of Cebu was founded by 80 Spanish colonists from Spain. By 1569, the Spanish settlement in Cebu had become important as a safe port for ships from Mexico and as a jumping-off point for further exploration of the archipelago. Small expeditions led by Juan de Salcedo went to Mindoro and Luzon , where he and Martín de Goiti played

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