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35-720: By 1905 the State-owned railway network was 3,490 km length, with the Ferrocarril Central Norte (FCN) being the longest with 1,385 km and the Ferrocarril Argentino del Norte (FAN) with 563 km. Five years later, FCN was 2,135 km long and FAN 1,355 km. In 1925, the Argentine State Railway ranked 2nd among the most important companies in the country, operating a railway network of 6,617 km. By 1936

70-598: A Tucumán (that had been inaugurated 4 years before by the "Compañía Francesa de Ferrocarriles") and changed its name to "Ferrocarril Central Norte" Sección Sud whilst the line from Tucumán to Salta and Jujuy became known as "Ferrocarril Central Norte - Sección Norte". The acquisition included Colombres - Guzmán and Pacará - Río Salí branches. The company opened the Salta - Zuviría branch on October 8, 1898. Two years later Pacará - Finca Elisa branch in Santiago del Estero Province

105-487: A condition that lingered throughout much of the 19th century. However, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the arrival of Italian , Spanish , British, and Arab immigrants, particularly Syrians and Lebanese, revived trade and agriculture all over the area while further enhancing the city's multicultural flavor. Salta has a subtropical highland climate ( Cwb , according to the Köppen climate classification ), and it

140-415: A location being just outside the tropics . Of the over 700 millimetres (28 in) of rain that Salta receives yearly, over 80% falls between December and March, when thunderstorms occur almost daily. During the rest of the year, blue skies dominate the region. Seemingly incessant summer thunderstorms greatly rejuvenate the surrounding mountainous landscape, making the various hills and mountainsides within

175-534: A ox-drawn carriage. Today I returned for the first time, on a steam locomotive train, being your President (...) The locomotive, after having running hundred of miles, has entered to the promised land at last. (...) This locomotive represents industry, commerce, art, science, poetry, men's driver and city dweller". Nicolás Avellaneda in the inauguration of the CNR in Tucumán, 30 October 1876 On 28 December 1876

210-479: Is characterized by pleasant weather year-round. Located in the subtropical north, but at an altitude of 1,200 metres, Salta enjoys 4 distinct seasons: summers are warm with frequent thunderstorms, with daytime highs around 26 to 28 °C (78.8 to 82.4 °F) and pleasant, refreshing nights around 15 or 16 °C (59 or 61 °F). Fall brings dry weather, pleasant days at around 22 °C (71.6 °F) and mild nights at around 10 °C (50.0 °F). By winter,

245-527: Is the seat of the Capital Department , the most populous department in the province. Salta was founded on April 16, 1582, by the Spanish conquistador Hernando de Lerma , who intended the settlement to be an outpost between Lima, Peru and Buenos Aires. The origin of the name Salta is a matter of conjecture, with several theories being advanced to explain it. During the war of independence ,

280-663: The Argentine State Railway . Its aim was to extend the existing British-owned Central Argentine 5 ft 6 in ( 1,676 mm ) broad gauge ) railway from Córdoba to Tucuman and metre gauge was chosen for economic reasons. A Law promulgated in October 1868 destinated money collected from foreign trade and import taxes to the construction of a railway line between the Provinces of Córdoba and Jujuy . The construction and subsequent operation of

315-671: The third national division . Other locally popular sports include baseball (a game in which Salta players excel nationally ), basketball, volleyball, rugby, and mountaineering. The main sporting venue in Salta is the Padre Ernesto Martearena Stadium ; the Gimnasia y Tiro and Juventud Antoniana stadiums also see many athletic matches. The largest roofed facility in the city is the Ciudad de Salta Stadium , chiefly used for basketball, volleyball, and boxing. Over

350-544: The 2010 census, it is also the 7th most-populous city in Argentina . The city serves as the cultural and economic center of the Valle de Lerma Metropolitan Area (Spanish: Área Metropolitana del Valle de Lerma , AMVL), which is home to over 50.9% of the population of Salta Province and also includes the municipalities of La Caldera , Vaqueros, Campo Quijano , Rosario de Lerma , Cerrillos , La Merced and San Lorenzo . Salta

385-574: The 226 km section from Tucumán to Juramento which was then extended to Güemes and from there branch lines were completed to Salta and Jujuy by 1891. The Central Northern only owned the Tucumán - Juramento section (226 km length). The line continued expanding to North, first reaching Güemes with branches to Salta and Jujuy on January 31, 1891. On 14 January 1896 the State bought the French-owned Ferrocarril de San Cristóbal

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420-583: The July 9th Square are the Saint Francis Church and the city's three pedestrian streets: Alberdi , Florida and "Caseros". The three blocks in Balcarce street closest to the train station are now the centre of night life in Salta, with restaurants, pubs and cafés on both sidewalks and concerts every night. Rising in the east is San Bernardo Hill. Its summit, from which visitors can get a view of

455-706: The Ninth of July Square are the neoclassical Cathedral Shrine , the French style Museum of Contemporary Art, the Cabildo (in former times, the city's town hall, nowadays a historical museum) and the neoclassical Museum of High Mountain Archaeology, which houses artifacts from the Inca civilization, including the mummies of three Inca children . The Plaza is almost completely surrounded by a gallery. Within walking distance of

490-762: The North of Argentina. The line was built by the Argentine State for the "Compañía Ganadera y Forestal". It was named "ramal El Zapallar" with a junction in Lapachito on the Resistencia - Jujuy line. The company bought some Henschel & Son locomotives for the line, that had an extension of 75 km. This line would be taken over by the Argentine State Railway in 1944. In 1938, the Córdoba Central Railway (with some financial problems)

525-681: The border with Bolivia was opened later that year on 2 September and was extended to La Quiaca on 25 May 1908. The first section of the line to Chile via Socompa from Empalme Cerrillos to Rosario de Lerma was completed on 27 August 1907. The section from Finca Elisa to El Bracho in Tucumán Province was opened in August 1901. In Santiago del Estero Province branch lines were opened from Empalme Añatuya to Tintina on 11 October 1904, from Clodomira to La Banda on 2 March 1906 and from Puna to Santa Justina on 27 August 1907. On 17 January 1908

560-450: The city a distinctive identity, somewhat different from the more European-like metropolises to the south. The city boasts three theatres, several museums (one of which exhibits the perfectly preserved bodies of c.  500 year old Inca children sacrificed in the Andes to Inca gods ), and a busy calendar of art exhibitions, shows, music festivals, and other cultural events. One of

595-475: The city and the entire valley, can be reached by car, cable car or stairway. Salta is probably the most Spanish city in Argentina by physical appearance: so much so that tourists visiting from Spain often find a strong resemblance between Salta and Andalucian cities. The local culture, however, is a blend of Spanish and gaucho ( mestizo , criollo , both indigenous and non-indigenous) traditions, lending

630-540: The city became a commercial and military strategic point between Perú and the Argentine cities. Between 1816 and 1821, the city was led by local military leader General Martín Miguel de Güemes , who under the command of General José de San Martín , defended the city and surrounding area from Spanish forces coming from further north. Salta emerged from the War of Independence politically in disarray and financially bankrupt,

665-445: The city of Formosa and the cities of Salta and Jujuy. The branch line from Pichanal to Orán was opened on 30 June 1915 and another from Empalme Metán to El Tunal was opened on 21 December 1916. The section between Talapampa and Alemania was opened on 7 October 1919. On 11 October 1909 the rail network built by the state-owned company Ferrocarril Argentino del Norte was taken over by the CNR. A branch line between Cebollar and Andalgalá

700-572: The dryness is extreme, with very few rain episodes. Nights are cool at 3 °C (37.4 °F) on average, but daytime heating allows for high temperatures of 19 °C (66.2 °F). Snow is rare and frost is quite common, with temperatures reaching down to −7 °C (19.4 °F) during the coldest nights. Spring brings sunny weather with warm days and mild nights: days range from 25 to 28 °C (77.0 to 82.4 °F) with nights between 10 and 14 °C (50.0 and 57.2 °F). Salta's winters are rather warm for its elevation and far inland position for

735-515: The following lines: Costado - General Pinedo ( Chaco , 214 km), Joaquín V. González - Pichinal ( Salta , 219 km), Milagro - Quines ( San Luis , 139 km), Roque S. Peña - Campo del Cielo (Chaco, 100 km), Lorenzo Winter - Gral. Conesa ( Río Negro , 108 km), Pedro Vargas - Malargüe ( Mendoza , 186 km). After the World War I Juan Quijano encouraged the creation of a 0,750 mm railway for forest and agricultural commerce in

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770-554: The last forty years, Salta has played host to such high-profile international sporting events as the 1990 Basketball World Cup , the 1994 Camel Trophy , the 2002 Volleyball World Cup , and the 2009 Hockey Champions Challenge . The Argentina national rugby union team , the "Pumas", have played in Salta against Italy (2005), England (2009), (2013), South Africa (2016) and Scotland (2022). Top football clubs, including Boca Juniors, River Plate and Racing, have played friendly games in Salta in summer, off-season matches. The city

805-411: The line was entrusted to "Compañía Telfner", who began to work on the line in 1873, reaching the city of Recreo ( Catamarca ) on 1 May 1875, San Antonio, Jujuy in July that same year and finally reaching San Miguel de Tucumán on 30 October 1876, being formally inaugurated by then President of Argentina, Nicolás Avellaneda . "I left this city sixteen years ago, with some books under my arm, travellin on

840-547: The main activities in Salta is the April Culture Festival, which lasts the entire month and offers a wide variety of activities such as cultural performances, a handcraft exposition, and live orchestral performances. Salta residents, like most Argentines, are very enthusiastic about football . The most important local clubs are Juventud Antoniana , Gimnasia y Tiro de Salta , and Central Norte ; many faithful fans follow each. These three clubs currently play in

875-735: The national government took over the running of the line and appointed Rafaél Aranda as General Manager of the FCCN. The line was the longest in South America with 547 km. A branch line from Frías to the city of Santiago del Estero was opened on 23 August 1884, and one from Recreo to Chumbicha (both in Catamarca Province ) was opened on 17 February 1886. Construction of the line north from Tucumán towards Salta and Jujuy reached Vipos on 1 April 1885, later that year in June

910-629: The railway network , headed by then-President Juan Domingo Perón . Therefore, the Central Northern rail lines were added to General Belgrano Railway network while the Patagonian railways became part of General Roca Railway . Argentine State Railway network as of 1936: Ferrocarril Central Norte The Central Northern Railway (Spanish: Ferrocarril Central Norte , FCCN ) was the first 1,000 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) ( metre gauge ) railway built by

945-435: The railway network had been extended to 9,690 km. Most of the railway lines built by the Argentine state were metre gauge because of financial reasons. In 1937 the State company began to acquire some existing companies with the purpose of competing against British railway companies. In 1948 Argentine State Company (along with British and French companies) became part of Ferrocarriles Argentinos after nationalisation of

980-446: The section from Santa Fe to San Cristobal was opened and on 16 September 1909 the section from Las Cejas to Antilla was completed. The line from Bracho to Palá Palá was opened on 6 December 1909 and extended to Leales on 20 June 1915. In 1911 the service between Bandera and Los Juríes was opened and in 1912 between Quilmili to Gancedo and extended to Puerto Vilelas and to Tintina and Campo Gallo in 1914. The line from Rapelli to Betbeder

1015-553: The section from Ruiz de los Llanos to Juramento was completed and in March 1888 the section Vipos to Ruiz de los Llanos was opened. On 28 October 1887 the line from Alta Córdoba to Tucumán, together with the branch lines from Frías to Santiago del Estero, and from Recreo to Chumbicha, 884 km of track in total, were sold to the British-owned Córdoba Central Railway . This left the FCCN with only

1050-439: The vicinity of the city green and lush once again. Salta receives 1863 hours of bright sunshine each year or about 5.1 hours per day. The highest recorded temperature was 39.9 °C (103.8 °F) on November 28, 1972, while the lowest recorded temperature was −9.4 °C (15.1 °F) on August 5, 1966. The city centre features a number of buildings dating back to the 18th and 19th and early 20th centuries. Clockwise around

1085-467: Was added on 27 April 1910 and a section from Empalme Sarrezuela to San Juan was opened on 7 August of the same year thereby providing a rail link between Córdoba and San Juan. A branch line from Dean Funes to Laguna Paiva was completed on 21 December 1912. Branch from La Puerta to Alta Córdoba (120 km) was opened in 1931. During those years more than 112 km of tracks were built. The Argentine State Railway opened 1,027 km else, consisting on

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1120-442: Was opened on 15 April 1915, from Naré a San Javier on 30 June 1915 and from Empalme Añatuya to Los Linares on 28 September 1916. The section from Formosa to Kilometre 100 was opened on 22 September 1910 and extended to Las Lomitas on 20 July 1915. The line from Yuto to Embarcación was opened on 28 November 1911 and Embarcación and Las Lomitas were finally joined in 1931, thereby establishing a rail link across Formosa Province between

1155-475: Was opened. In August 1901 the Finca Elisa - El Bracho line was opened in Tucumán Province . The FCCN also began to build a branch from Embarcación (Salta) to Perico (Jujuy), reaching Ledesma in 1904 and its extension to Yuto in 1909. The section from Zubiría to Talapampa on the line from Salta to Alemania was opened on 18 August 1906 and the section from Jujuy to Humahuaca on the line to La Quiaca on

1190-490: Was taken over by the Argentine state, being added to the FCCN network. When the entire Argentine railway network was nationalised in 1948, during Juan Peron 's presidency, the CNR became part of the state-owned company General Belgrano Railway . Salta Salta ( Spanish: [ˈsalta] ) is the capital and largest city in the Argentine province of the same name . With a population of 618,375 according to

1225-570: Was used as a stage on the route of the 2014 and 2016 Dakar Rally . Salta is governed by a city council of 21 members. Following the elections of November 2013, the Workers' Party has 9 seats, the Justicialist Party has 6 seats, and there are 6 others. The city's commercial airline needs are served by Aeropuerto Internacional Martín Miguel de Güemes , with service on three domestic airlines, including Aerolineas Argentinas , which

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