27-713: Vice Admiral Augustus John Hervey, 3rd Earl of Bristol , PC (19 May 1724 – 23 December 1779) was a Royal Navy officer and politician. He commanded the sixth-rate HMS Phoenix at the Battle of Minorca in May 1756 as well as the third-rate HMS Dragon at the Capture of Belle Île in June 1761, the Invasion of Martinique in January 1762 and the Battle of Havana in June 1762 during
54-599: A bay and city in the Fraser Coast region of Australia , was named after him by Captain James Cook while carrying out the survey of the east coast of Australia on 22 May 1770. Bristol Bay , the rich salmon fishing ground in southwest Alaska , was so named in honour of Hervey by Captain James Cook , who first charted the region in July 1778. Bristol Island , a five-mile long ice-covered quake-prone chain of volcanos in
81-465: A naval officer, rejoined his ship, returning to England toward the close of 1746. The marriage was unhappy, and for years, the pair did not live together. Married in secret, their marriage did not seem to need to be dissolved. However, when it appeared in 1759 that Hervey could succeed his brother as Earl of Bristol , Chudleigh established proof of their marriage by forging an entry in the parish register at Lainston, unbeknownst to him. Chudleigh "cut
108-644: A prominent figure" in British society, and in 1765 in Berlin , she had the honor to meet Frederick the Great . Then, she became the mistress of Evelyn Pierrepont, 2nd Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull . Hervey wanted to end their marriage by divorce, but Chudleigh preferred to avoid any public acknowledgment of it. She initiated a suit of jactitation against him though with his collusion, requiring him to cease claiming marriage to her unless proved. After Hervey failed to prove
135-692: A short time Member for Saltash , again represented Bury St Edmunds from 1768 until he succeeded his brother in the earldom of Bristol in 1775; as a member of the House of Lords, he automatically became ineligible to sit in the Commons. He often took part in debates in Parliament, and was a frequent contributor to periodical literature. He was an opponent of the Rockingham ministry and a strong defender of Admiral Keppel with whom he had worked closely. He
162-403: A widow. In 1775, her first husband's brother died, and Hervey became Earl of Bristol . If Chudleigh's marriage to Hervey had been lawful, despite her denials, she had therefore become Countess of Bristol. Chudleigh was forced to return to England after Evelyn Meadows (died 1826), a nephew of her second husband, brought a charge of bigamy against her, in the hope of establishing a challenge to
189-422: A younger grandson of the first Earl. On 4 August 1744, she was privately married to Hervey at Lainston House , a private country house with its parish church (St Peter's, now a ruin), near Winchester . The wedding was held at night to preserve the secrecy. Both husband and wife lacked the financial support they needed, and their union was kept secret to enable Chudleigh to retain her post at court, while Hervey,
216-413: Is shown in its sleeve lace by a broad band with two narrower bands. Since 2001, it has been designated a three-star rank , when the number of stars on the shoulder board were increased to three. Elizabeth Pierrepont, Duchess of Kingston-upon-Hull Elizabeth Pierrepont (née Chudleigh ), Duchess of Kingston (8 March 1721 – 26 August 1788), sometimes called Countess of Bristol ,
243-599: The Battle of Quiberon Bay in November 1759. He took command of the third-rate HMS Dragon in March 1760 and saw action during the Capture of Belle Île in June 1761, the Invasion of Martinique in January 1762 and the Battle of Havana in June 1762 before transferring to the fourth-rate HMS Centurion in May 1763. Having served with distinction in the West Indies under Rodney , his active life at sea ceased when
270-850: The Governorate of Estonia , she bought three properties: Toila , Oru and Voka (Fockenhoff) (near the town of Jõhvi in Ida-Viru County , northeastern Estonia), consolidating them into an estate she named "Chudleigh". She planned to create a model English estate and imported spaniels , pointers , and a collection of plants, living there in a clifftop house looking over the Baltic Sea. Chudleigh continued to style herself as Duchess of Kingston, residing in her Paris estate in Montmartre , Rome, and elsewhere, and died at her estate at Saint-Assise near Paris on 26 August 1788 aged 67, in
297-649: The Peace of Paris was concluded in February 1763. He was, however, nominally Commander-in-Chief of the Mediterranean Fleet in this year. He was promoted to rear-admiral on 31 March 1775 and to vice-admiral on 29 January 1778. He was known as the English Casanova, due to his colourful personal life. Hervey was Member of Parliament for Bury St Edmunds from 1757 to 1763, and, after being for
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#1732794054449324-519: The Seven Years' War . He went on to be Chief Secretary for Ireland and then First Naval Lord . Hervey was born the second son of John, Lord Hervey and educated at Westminster School from 1733. He entered the Royal Navy in 1735 and was promoted to lieutenant in 1740. Promoted to post-captain on 15 January 1747, Hervey was given command of the third-rate HMS Princess and later
351-593: The South Sandwich Islands and the coral atoll comprising the islands of Manuae and Te-O-Au-Tu in the Cook Islands were also named in honour of Hervey by Captain James Cook . Vice admiral (Royal Navy) A vice-admiral ( VAdm ) is a flag officer rank of the Royal Navy and equates to the NATO rank code OF-8 . It is immediately superior to the rear admiral rank and is subordinate to
378-546: The full admiral rank. The equivalent rank in the British Army and Royal Marines is lieutenant-general ; and in the Royal Air Force , it is air marshal . The Royal Navy has had vice-admirals since at least the 16th century. When the fleet was deployed, the vice-admiral would be in the leading portion or van , acting as the deputy to the admiral. The rank of Vice-Admiral evolved from that of Lieutenant of
405-509: The sixth-rate HMS Phoenix in January 1752 and saw action in her at the Battle of Minorca in May 1756. He went on to command the fourth-rate HMS Defiance later that month, the third-rate HMS Hampton Court in May 1757 and the third-rate HMS Monmouth in March 1758. Hervey distinguished himself in several encounters with the French, and was of great assistance to Admiral Hawke in 1759, although he had returned to England before
432-613: The Admiralty (1546–1564) that being an officer who acted as secretary to the Lord Admiral of England and lapsed in 1876 but was revived in 1901 by King Edward VII . Prior to 1864 the Royal Navy was divided into coloured squadrons which determined his career path . The command flags flown by a Vice-Admiral changed a number of times during this period. In the Royal Navy, the rank of vice-admiral should be distinguished from
459-748: The Duke of Kingston's will. In December 1775 she attempted unsuccessfully to have the charge set aside, by reason of the previous judgment in her favour. However, in 1776 she was tried as a peeress in Westminster Hall and was found guilty by 116 peers, without dissent. Absconding with her Kingston fortune, she hurriedly left England to avoid further proceedings on the part of the Meadows family. In 1777, Hervey gained legal recognition that his marriage to Chudleigh had been lawful, but he did not pursue divorce proceedings, probably because of his involvement with
486-480: The eyes of the law as Dowager Countess of Bristol, as Hervey had died in 1779. Chudleigh appears as a character in T. H. White 's non-fiction The Age of Scandal and in Theodore Sturgeon 's historical romance I, Libertine , which began as a hoax. She appears as a non-speaking character in the play Mr Foote's Other Leg , in which the controversy surrounding her and Foote is portrayed as central to
513-543: The office of Vice-Admiral of the United Kingdom , which is an Admiralty position usually held by a retired full admiral, and that of Vice-Admiral of the Coast , a now obsolete office dealing with naval administration in each of the maritime counties. Vice-admirals are entitled to fly a personal flag . A vice-admiral flies a St George's cross defaced with a red disc in the hoist. The rank of vice-admiral itself
540-539: The relationship in court and Chudleigh swore she was unmarried, the consistory court in February 1769 pronounced her a spinster , free to marry. Within a month, she married Kingston and became Elizabeth Pierrepont, Duchess of Kingston-upon-Hull. On Knightsbridge , in the City of Westminster , the Duke built for her a grand town house called Chudleigh House, later renamed as Kingston House . Kingston died in 1773, leaving Chudleigh all his property, on condition she remain
567-465: The stage to become his mistress. She would go on to take the King's brother as her lover. From 1775 Hervey had taken as his mistress Mary Nesbitt , a former artists' model of some notoriety. They lived together, apparently faithfully, at his Surrey home of Norwood House and she received property in his will. He made changes to Norwood House including an ornamental lake and a stable. He died due to gout in
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#1732794054449594-798: The stomach at St James's Square , London on 23 December 1779, aged 55, and was buried at Ickworth in Suffolk ; he was succeeded by his brother Frederick . Many of his letters are in the Record Office, and his journals are in the British Museum . Other letters are printed in the Grenville Papers , vols. iii. and iv. (London, 1852–1853), and the Life of Admiral Keppel , by the Rev. Thomas Keppel (London, 1852). Hervey Bay , Queensland ,
621-525: The suit of jactitation . After Kingston's death, she travelled abroad. Visiting Rome, she was received with the honour due to a duchess by Pope Clement XIV . Chudleigh lived for a time in Calais , and became mistress to Stefano Zannowich . In 1777, after her acceptance at the Russian court, the two had a boat built and made a spectacular entrance sailing into Kronstadt , the port of Saint Petersburg . In
648-773: Was a Groom of the Bedchamber to King George III from 1763 to 1775 and Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland from 1766 to 1767. He joined the Board of Admiralty as First Naval Lord in the North ministry in February 1771 and stood down from the Admiralty Board in April 1775. In August 1744 Hervey had been secretly married to Elizabeth Chudleigh (1720–1788), afterwards Duchess of Kingston, but this union
675-405: Was an English courtier and courtesan, known by her contemporaries for her adventurous life style. She was the daughter of Colonel Thomas Chudleigh (died 1726), and was appointed maid of honour to Augusta, Princess of Wales , in 1743, probably through the good offices of her friend William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath . Having married again while her first husband was still living, in 1776 Chudleigh
702-431: Was dissolved in 1769. Lord Bristol died leaving no legitimate issue, and having, as far as possible, alienated his property from the title. In 1748 after Hervey had rejoined his ship and his marriage was foundering, he had formed a deep passion for Etheldreda Townshend , who had previously attracted the amorous attentions of both his elder brother George and his father. In about 1765 Hervey paid to take Ann Elliot off
729-506: Was found guilty of bigamy at a trial by her peers at Westminster Hall that attracted 4,000 spectators. Elizabeth Chudleigh was born on 8 March 1721. Her father, Colonel Thomas Chudleigh, was lieutenant governor of the Royal Hospital, Chelsea ; he died while she was a small child. Chudleigh did not lack admirers, among them James Hamilton, 6th Duke of Hamilton , and Augustus Hervey , later 3rd Earl of Bristol, but, at that time,
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