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94-580: BR-226 is a Brazilian federal highway that connects the cities of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte , and Wanderlândia , Tocantins . The highway leaves Natal, cuts the state of Ceará in half, arrives in the capital of Piauí (Teresina) and then cuts the state of Maranhão in half, reaching the north of the state of Tocantins, in the city of Wanderlândia. It is also designated as part of the Belém–Brasília Highway , in its stretch between Porto Franco , Maranhão , and Wanderlândia. This article about

188-448: A National Highway Plan at the same level as developed countries such as the USA, Japan or European countries, which specifically aimed at inter-regional travel, and which should preferably be served by highways. The Brazilian State, despite some planning efforts, has been guided by a reactive action to the increase in demand (only duplicating some roads with old and inadequate layout) and not by

282-505: A lot of iron ore, nickel and copper, in addition to gold, manganese and niobium. The BR-060 will in the future serve as a link with the Bioceanic Corridor that is being built with 3 other South American countries, connecting Campo Grande to Antofagasta, passing through Paraguay, northern Argentina and northern Chile. BR-101 runs in a north–south way, along Brazil's eastern coast. It is Brazil's second major highway, and

376-641: A much more advanced road infrastructure than Brazil. The country still has several states where paved access to 100% of the state's municipalities has not yet been reached. Some states have 100% of cities with asphalt access, such as Santa Catarina , which reached this goal in 2014; Paraíba , which reached this goal in 2017, and Alagoas , which reached this goal in 2021. In states like Rio Grande do Sul , in 2020, there were still 54 cities without asphalt access. In Paraná , in 2021, there were still 4 cities without asphalt access. In Minas Gerais , in 2016, there were still 5 cities without asphalt access. As it

470-434: A north–south way, near, but not on Brazil's coastline. It is considered one of the most important highways in the country, along with BR-101 . It's also the second longest of the country, although, in practice, it is currently the one with the greatest extension built (4,486 km (2,787 mi)). The highway is one of the main connections for the transport of loads, receiving thousands of trucks every day. Numerous parts of

564-541: A purposeful vision, directing occupation and economic density in the territory. Another problem is the lack of directing the Union Budget towards infrastructure works, since there is no law that guarantees funds from the Federal Budget for works on highways and other modes of transport, depending exclusively on the goodwill of the rulers. Brazil even invested 1.5% of the country's budget in infrastructure in

658-572: A quantity similar to that of districts in the state. Inside the sinople rhombus, jalde stars symbolized the municipalities. According to the 2022 Brazilian census conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Santa Catarina has a total population of 7.6 million and a population density of 79.5 inhabitants per square kilometre. This ranks it as the tenth most populous state in Brazil , accounting for 3.75% of

752-483: A significant portion of the state's territory. Comprising basaltic sediments (lava flows), interspersed with sandstone deposits, its eastern boundary is a mountainous edge known as the Serra Geral . In the north of the state, the edge of the basaltic plateau is situated inland. Moving southwards, it progressively approaches the coast until, at the border with Rio Grande do Sul, it starts to descend directly towards

846-458: Is Florianópolis , the second most populous city in the state after Joinville . Alongside Espírito Santo , Santa Catarina is one of the two states whose capital is not the largest city. Jorginho Mello , a member of the conservative Liberal Party , has been the governor of the state since 2023. It is one of the Brazilian states with the most mountainous terrain, where 52% of the territory

940-436: Is of extreme economical importance as it is used to transport products from agriculture, livestock and industry from the states of Paraná to São Paulo and vice versa - for example, soy, corn, coffee, beef, paper and cellulose, wood, furniture and other important products in the region. It also connects the western states of Paraná and São Paulo to Paraguay . Paraguay imports most of the products it consumes from Brazil (one of

1034-468: Is 110 km/h (68 mph) unless otherwise stated, regardless of the road design, weather or daylight. Brazilian Regional highways are named YY-XXX, where YY is the abbreviation of the state where the highway is running in and XXX is a number (e.g. SP-280 ; where SP means that the highway is under São Paulo state administration). Brazilian National highways are named BR-XXX. National highways connect multiple states altogether, are of major importance to

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1128-450: Is BR-116 with 4,486 km (2,787 mi). As of 2023 , the system consists of 1,720,700 kilometres (1,069,200 miles ) of roads, of which approximately 213,500 km (132,700 mi) are paved (12.4%), and about 17,000 km (10,563 mi) are divided highways , 6,300 km (3,915 mi) only in the State of São Paulo . Currently it is possible to travel from Rio Grande , in

1222-593: Is basically exported via Santos. This road connects Brasília to Bela Vista , on the Paraguayan border. The highway is important because helps in the flow of agricultural production in the Center-West Region, which specializes in: soybeans, corn, sugarcane, tomatoes, beans, in the planting of eucalyptus for the production of cellulose and paper, and in cattle raising. Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul also have considerable mineral exploration, producing

1316-726: Is formed by a group of massifs isolated by the deep valleys of the rivers that descend to the Atlantic Ocean. Behind the Serra do Mar , the Palaeozoic plateau extends. Its flattened area is divided into spaces separated by rivers, which flow eastward. The Palaeozoic plateau decreases in altitude from north to south. In the southern portion of the state, it merges with the coastal plain, since the Serra do Mar does not extend to this region of Santa Catarina. The Basaltic plateau encompasses

1410-533: Is in the United States, Canada, and most countries in Europe, larger/wider highways have higher speed limits than normal urban roads (typically between 80  km/h (50  mph ) and 120 km/h (75 mph)), although minor highways, unpaved highways and sections of major highways running inside urban areas have a lower speed limit in general. The national speed limit for cars driving in non-urban roads

1504-510: Is intense trade between the two countries. and Paraguay uses the port to carry out part of its exports through the Atlantic Ocean. Major Brazilian cities connected by BR-277 are Foz do Iguaçu , Medianeira , Cascavel , Guarapuava , Ponta Grossa , Curitiba , and Paranaguá . BR-369 begins in Oliveira , Minas Gerais and ends in Cascavel in the state of Paraná . This highway

1598-560: Is located above 600 metres. According to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification system , Santa Catarina predominantly features a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ) in the coastal lowlands and the lower altitude areas of the plateau, whilst the remainder of the plateau is characterised by an oceanic climate ( Cfb ). The state of Santa Catarina is one of the oldest states in Brazil. It separated from São Paulo in 1738, with José da Silva Pais serving as its first governor. The state

1692-477: Is one of the largest national producers of sugarcane, soy, corn and tomatoes, in addition to having a large cattle ranching. The area between Uberaba and Uberlândia, in Minas Gerais, has the largest milk production in Brazil. The state of São Paulo holds 30% of Brazil's industrial GDP and a gigantic agricultural sector. In Ribeirão Preto there is the largest production of sugarcane in the world. In Franca, there

1786-436: Is said to have dedicated the island. At that time, the renowned Venetian explorer and cartographer passed through the area between 1526 and 1527. He is thought to have consecrated it to Saint Catherine , or rather, honoured his wife, Catarina Medrano. The name of the state is derived from that of the island. The state's native inhabitants are called Catarinenses or Barrigas-Verdes (lit. Green-Belly). The origin of

1880-526: Is situated at latitudes lower than Santa Catarina. Despite this, it is in the higher areas of the Santa Catarina southern plateau where there is a higher occurrence of snowfall in Brazil during the winter months. The state also holds the record for the lowest temperature recorded in Brazilian territory by official bodies. The temperature reached −14 °C in Caçador on 11 June 1952. On the other hand,

1974-664: Is the Iguazu River , and that of the Uruguay River . The latter has as its main tributaries the Pelotas , Canoas , Chapecó , and Do Peixe rivers. Fully embedded within the Atlantic Forest biome, the original vegetation of Santa Catarina encompasses two formations: forests and grasslands . On the plateau, they occur in the form of mixed coniferous ( Araucaria ) forests with broadleaved trees and, in

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2068-404: Is the federative unit with the least economic inequality in Brazil. Francisco Dias Velho, who arrived on the island now known as Santa Catarina around 1675, is said to have given the place its name. There, he built a chapel dedicated to Catherine of Alexandria , whom, it is claimed, one of his daughters was named after. Other authors attribute the origin of the name to Sebastian Cabot , who

2162-466: Is the largest national production of men's shoes. The highway also drains the gigantic production of coffee from Minas Gerais and orange juice from São Paulo. In the area around Campinas there is a great technological production. 40% of the cars produced in the country come from the cities of Greater São Paulo. Not to mention the production of chicken meat and all industrial production in São Paulo, which

2256-605: The Itaipu Dam ). In Paraná, there is a large production of soybeans, corn, chicken, milk, cellulose and fish, among other products, which are exported through the Port of Paranaguá (among other international connections). For Paraguay, BR-277 is also of economical significance as it has a direct connection with Asunción through Route PY-02 and serves as an exit to the Atlantic Ocean. On the Brazil-Paraguay border there

2350-539: The Japanese . In Santa Catarina, two different groups of languages are spoken: indigenous languages and allochthonous languages , some of which are minority languages. There are three indigenous or native languages: Kaingang , Mbyá-Guarani , and Xokleng . With the European settlement of the state, allochthonous or immigrant languages emerged and persist today. These languages include Portuguese (by far

2444-640: The Juliana Republic in July 1839. Defeated by the troops of the Empire of Brazil , the rebels left Laguna. The new South American country had a short duration because, when its independence was proclaimed, it stopped paying the Riograndense Republic due to lack of resources. The last Ragamuffin trenches were demolished in 1840. European colonisation, especially from Germany and Italy ,

2538-477: The Köppen-Geiger climate classification system , Santa Catarina predominantly features a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ) in the coastal lowlands and the lower altitude areas of the plateau, whilst the remainder of the plateau is characterised by a subtropical oceanic climate ( Cfb ). Both have the four seasons well-defined and a rainfall regime evenly distributed throughout the year. The humid subtropical climate (Cfa) records average temperatures of 20 °C in

2632-515: The Rio de Janeiro harbor. In 1861 the road was paved from Petrópolis to Juiz de Fora , becoming the first road paved in Latin America until the 1920s. In 1928, Petrópolis was connected to Rio de Janeiro with a paved road. In the 1930s the route was changed to pass by the new capital of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte , although it was unpaved until 1957, when the road was extended to Brasília,

2726-529: The Tupi-Guarani group . These Indigenous peoples were catechised (educated and pacified in the Catholic faith) starting from 1549. Expeditions from Portugal and Spain commenced exploration of the Santa Catarina coast in the early years following Brazil's discovery by Europeans. Sebastian Cabot , en route to the Rio de la Plata , navigated past the island then known as Dos Patos , bestowing upon it

2820-476: The 1970s, being the time when the most investment was made in highways; but in the 1990s, only 0.1% of the budget was invested in this sector, maintaining an average of 0.5% in the 2000s and 2010s, insufficient amounts for the construction of an adequate road network. For comparative purposes, the average investment of the USA and the European Union was 1% between 1995 and 2013, even though they already have

2914-659: The Atlantic Ocean). It is one of the most important highways in the Southern Region of Brazil, as it connects Curitiba (the capital city of the state of Paraná and the third highest city GDP in Brazil) to the city of Paranaguá and to the international border city of Foz de Iguaçu, one of the most-frequented touristic destinations in Brazil (mainly due to border trade, to the presence of the Iguaçu Falls and

BR-226 (Brazil highway) - Misplaced Pages Continue

3008-521: The BR-153 is one of the longest highways in South America and runs in the north–south direction, connecting the city of Marabá , in the state of Pará , and the city of Aceguá , in the boundary with Uruguay . It passes through the states of Pará , Tocantins , Goiás , Minas Gerais ( Triângulo Mineiro region), São Paulo , Paraná , Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul . The BR-153 is one of

3102-543: The Federal Highway System had 75,800 km (47,100 mi), of which approximately 65,400 km (40,600 mi) were paved (86.3%), and 10,355 km (6,434 mi) was under federal concession (PROCROFE). The most important federal highways in the country are BR-101 and BR-116 . Although Brazil has the largest duplicated road network in Latin America , it's considered insufficient for

3196-574: The Latin verb sancire, "to consecrate". Sanctus, "holy, consecrated, which must, above all, be treated with respect", is the past participle of the verb itself. Etymologically, the name Catherine derives from the Greek term εκατερινα , meaning "pure" or "immaculate". At the outset of the 16th century , the area now known as the state of Santa Catarina was populated by the Carijós, a tribe belonging to

3290-458: The Portuguese colonisers. This was due to the absence of precious metals and its colder climate (as frosts hindered the cultivation of sugarcane ). The Portuguese only began to take an interest in the region in the mid- 17th century . The settlement of Nossa Senhora da Graça do Rio de São Francisco was established by Manuel Lourenço de Andrade and his friends in 1658. The present-day city

3384-494: The Production Highway due to its high importance for the state. Through it all the production of soy, corn, wheat, meat, wood, furniture, among other products of the region is drained. In the city of Ametista do Sul , close to Iraí, there is the largest production of amethyst in the world. Close to Lajeado is one of the largest productions of tobacco on the planet. In Santa Catarina, the highway ends near Chapecó ,

3478-692: The Rosary of Paranaguá was founded by the Marquis of Cascais in 1656. It replaced the Captaincy of Santana, which began at the mouth of the Paranaguá Bay and ended in the current city of Laguna . It is bounded by the Captaincy of Santo Amaro (part of the second section of São Vicente ) to the north, the salty waters of the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Governorate of New Andalusia to

3572-436: The Serra do Mar. Meanwhile, towards the south, it gradually narrows. The Serra do Mar occupies the coastal lowland in the western part. In the north of the state, it forms the mountainous edge of a reasonably average plateau. It has a very different feature from what is found in other states such as Paraná and São Paulo . In Santa Catarina, it constitutes a range of mountains, with points above one thousand metres. This range

3666-577: The Southern region. BR-277 runs east–west, starting from the Friendship Bridge , which connects Brazilian city Foz do Iguaçu to Paraguayan Ciudad del Este , and going up to the port city of Paranaguá . It is approximately 650 km long. The highway is of great economic importance for both Brazil and Paraguay, as it connects the Brazil-Paraguay border to the Port of Paranaguá (which exits into

3760-413: The backlanders. Moreover, Paraná and Santa Catarina were disputing the region where they lived, which is why the area was called Contestado. The disagreement between the two federative units and the armed conflict of the caboclos only ended completely in 1916. Santa Catarina's territory was invaded by the rebellious forces, which came from Rio Grande do Sul, in 1930. However, Florianópolis resisted until

3854-710: The city of Belém. This is due to the fact that between Brasília and Estreito, the highway has many incomplete and unpaved stretches, especially in the state of Tocantins . Between Brasília and Estreito, the original route of the Belém-Brasília Highway follows the BR-060 , the BR-153 and the BR-226 highways, which are completely paved in this stretch. The BR-010 passes through the Federal District , and

BR-226 (Brazil highway) - Misplaced Pages Continue

3948-572: The coast, and for the transport of local and regional road loads such as those destined for or coming from ports and industries. The Rio–Niterói Bridge is part of the BR-101. Cities where the BR-101 runs or passes by: Natal , João Pessoa , Olinda , Recife , Maceió , Aracaju , Feira de Santana , Itabuna , Ilhéus , Porto Seguro , Linhares , Vitória , Guarapari , Niterói , Rio de Janeiro , Barra Mansa , Santos , Curitiba , Joinville , Florianópolis , Criciúma , Osório . BR-116 runs in

4042-543: The colonisation of the far west and the centre of the state by Italian-Brazilian settlers has contributed to the progress of Santa Catarina. These settlers came from Rio Grande do Sul. Santa Catarina is one of the three states in the Southern Region of Brazil. It is bordered to the north by the state of Paraná , to the south by the state of Rio Grande do Sul , to the east by the Atlantic Ocean , and to

4136-462: The country's needs: in 2021, it was calculated that the ideal amount of duplicated roads would be something around from 35,000 km (21,748 mi) to 42,000 km (26,098 mi). The main road axes also have problems because they often have inadequate geometry and constructive characteristics that don't allow quality long-distance flow (non-interference from local traffic and high speed). The Brazilian Federal Government has never implemented

4230-484: The country's total population. The state's largest city, Joinville , has a population of 616,317, making it the 34th most populous city in Brazil. Meanwhile, its capital, Florianópolis , which is the state's second-largest city, has a population of 537,211, ranking it 39th among Brazilian municipalities by population. The population grew by approximately 1.3 million inhabitants since 2010, representing an increase of 21.79% between 2010 and 2022. In 2022, around 50.71% of

4324-426: The country. It holds also the third-highest GDP per capita , and the third-lowest rates of infant mortality and illiteracy . Additionally, it is the federative unit with the least economic inequality in Brazil.  †  Region seat  ††  State capital and region seat population Ethnicities and racial groups of Santa Catarina in 2022 According to the 2022 Brazilian census ,

4418-491: The extreme south of the country, to Brasília (2,580 km (1,603 mi)) or Casimiro de Abreu , in the state of Rio de Janeiro (2,045 km (1,271 mi)), only on divided highways. The total of paved roads increased from 35,496 km (22,056 mi) in 1967 to 215,000 km (133,595 mi) in 2018, with an expansion of 0.5% between 2009 and 2019. In 2009, Brazil had 1.03 km (0.64 mi) of paved road and 7.35 km (4.57 mi) of unpaved road per inhabitant. In 2019,

4512-458: The formation of the state's population. The socioeconomic indicators of Santa Catarina rank among the best in Brazil. The state leads in life expectancy and public safety , and boasts the lowest rates of homicide , illiteracy , poverty and extreme poverty in the country. It holds also the third-highest Human Development Index (HDI), the third-highest GDP per capita , and the third-lowest rates of infant mortality . Additionally, it

4606-536: The highest relief . Four geomorphological units, ranging from the coast to the interior, form the state's relief: the coastal lowland, the Serra do Mar, the Palaeozoic plateau, and the Basaltic plateau. The lowest altitudes are found in the coastal lowland, which encompasses lands located below 200 metres. In the northern part, it is quite wide, extending far inland through the valleys of the rivers that flow from

4700-459: The highest temperature reached 44.6 °C in Orleans on 6 January 1963. The hottest localities in the state are located in the regions of the southern coast, Itajaí Valley, and extreme west. This is because here lies the city considered the hottest in Santa Catarina, Itapiranga . In these regions, temperatures can exceed 40 °C in the summer or on other extreme occasions. The rivers that flow through

4794-558: The incursion of polar air masses is more common, some being stronger and more extensive, causing temperatures to fall below zero in various cities. The majority of these cities are located in the Midwest, North Plateau, and South Plateau. Notably, Bom Jardim da Serra , São Joaquim , Urubici , and Urupema , situated on the South Plateau, rank among the coldest municipalities in the country. A large part of Rio Grande do Sul

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4888-422: The index into indicators of income, education, and life expectancy, the state ranks 4th in income (with an index of 0.759), 3rd in education (with an index of 0.790), and 3rd in life expectancy (with an index of 0.827). The socioeconomic indicators of Santa Catarina rank among the best in Brazil. The state leads in public safety , and boasts the lowest rates of homicide , poverty and extreme poverty in

4982-593: The interior of the Northeast to the Port of Mucuripe, in Fortaleza. BR-040 runs radially from near the national capital Brasília (beginning 100 km south of the beginning of BR-050, in Brasília), in a northwest–southeast way, to Rio de Janeiro city. BR-040 is the modern way of the so-called " Caminho Novo ", opened in the 18th century that linked Ouro Preto , the main center of gold mines of Minas Gerais to

5076-418: The largest regional hub in the west of the state. In general, cities with significant GDP are on the side of the highway. Santa Catarina (state) Santa Catarina ( Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈsɐ̃tɐ kataˈɾinɐ] ) is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil . It is located in the centre of the country's Southern region . It is bordered to the north by the state of Paraná , to

5170-595: The long path taken by the BR-116 have other official names, such as Régis Bittencourt, Presidente Dutra, Santos Dumont, among others. Cities where the BR-116 runs or passes by: Fortaleza , Salgueiro , Feira de Santana , Vitória da Conquista , Teófilo Otoni , Governador Valadares , Rio de Janeiro , Volta Redonda , São José dos Campos , São Paulo , Curitiba , Lages , Caxias do Sul , Canoas , Porto Alegre , Pelotas . Also known as Transbrasiliana Highway, as Belém–Brasília Highway or even as Bernardo Sayão Highway,

5264-455: The longest in the country (nearly 4,800 km (2,983 mi) long). It connects more states capitals than any other "rodovia" in the country, in the total, 12 capitals are directly connected by BR-101. It's considered one of the most important highways in the country, along with BR-116: as it is a highway with a trans-coastal nature, it allows the connection between ports, major consumer centers and tourist areas. Used both by tourists who explore

5358-442: The lowland and foothills of the Serra do Mar, solely as broadleaved forest. The grasslands appear as scattered patches within the mixed forest. The main ones are those of São Joaquim, Lages , Curitibanos , and Campos Novos . In the fauna of Santa Catarina, about 600 species of birds, 150 mammals, and 140 systematic denominations of amphibians are catalogued. There are 1,150 Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), in addition to

5452-519: The lowlands and the Uruguay Valley, and 18 °C in the western extremity of the state. Conversely, the temperate subtropical climate ( Cfb ) sees average temperatures ranging between 16 and 18 °C. There is a significant difference between summer and winter temperatures, leading to a considerable thermal amplitude throughout the year. Winters vary from cool to cold, with some regions experiencing about 25 days of frost annually. During this period,

5546-659: The main highways of the central region of Brazil, mainly in the states of Goiás and Tocantins, and also in the Triângulo Mineiro region. The highway works as an important channel for the flow of agricultural production (mainly soy, corn, sugar cane, cotton and tomato) and livestock (mainly beef and pork) in the Midwest, transports milk production from Minas Gerais and coffee from São Paulo, and agricultural products (rice, wheat, barley, soybeans, corn, grapes, apples, oats), livestock (chicken, pork, fish, and milk) and industrial (furniture, footwear, textiles, machinery, etc.) of

5640-486: The main promoters of the Paraguayan economy). Therefore, trade and tourism with Paraguay are strong in the region. Foz do Iguaçu and Ciudad del Este benefit directly from the highway. The road connects the cities of Garuva , in the state of Santa Catarina , to Dourados , Mato Grosso do Sul . It has a length of 958,3 km. The road is very important to transport agricultural, livestock and industrial products from

5734-550: The most widely spoken and used language in the state), Talian and other Italian dialects, High German variants, and Low German variants such as the Pomeranian dialect near Blumenau and Pomerode . Certain dialects were born in the region. Among them is Portuñol , a combination of Portuguese and Spanish spoken in the border regions with Argentina . And Katarinensisch, part of the Hunsrik dialect, originating from

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5828-432: The name Santa Catarina in 1526. In 1534, John III of Portugal awarded the mainland territories to Pedro Lopes de Sousa . Nevertheless, these lands remained largely uninhabited, with Jesuits , Spanish, and Portuguese settlers exploring them but failing to establish any permanent settlements throughout the 16th century. From the outset of Brazil's colonisation, the lands of Brazil's southern region did not greatly interest

5922-458: The national apple production, and Santa Catarina tops, competing with the Rio Grande do Sul. The São Joaquim region is responsible for 35% of the apple planting. Santa Catarina is also a national leader in the production of onions. In 2017, it produced 630,000 tons, especially in the municipalities of Alfredo Wagner, Angelina and Rancho Queimado. In banana production, Santa Catarina was

6016-408: The national capital Brasília , to the city of Belém , in the state of Pará . It has the official name of Rodovia Bernardo Sayão (the name of its chief engineer, who died in an accident during the construction of the highway, when a tree fell on him), and is also called Belém–Brasília Highway or as Transbrasiliana Highway, in the stretch between the city of Estreito , in the state of Maranhão , and

6110-438: The national capital, Brasília, in a north–south way, to Santos city, passing in São Paulo. It's one of the most important highways in the country: being close to being fully duplicated in 2021, it passes through some of the richest regions of Brazil. It links areas of large agricultural and industrial production to Port of Santos , the largest in the country. Brasília is the city with the highest average salary per inhabitant. Goiás

6204-414: The national economy and/or connect Brazil to another country. The meaning of the numbers are: Often Brazilian highways receive names (famous people, etc.), but continue to have a YY/BR-XXX name (example: Rodovia Castelo Branco is also SP-280). See highway system of São Paulo for numbering designation for São Paulo state roads, also used in some other states. The BR-010 is a radial highway that connects

6298-1157: The national language of Germany. Other linguistic nuclei on a smaller scale include Spanish, Polish , Lithuanian , Japanese , Arabic , Yiddish and others. According to the 2010 population census, the population of Santa Catarina comprises Roman Catholics (73.07%); Protestants or Evangelicals (20.4%); Spiritists (1.58%); Jehovah's Witnesses (0.74%); Mormons (0.11%); the Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church (0.17%); Buddhists (0.05%); new Eastern religions (0.04%), among which Messianics constitute 0.03%; Muslims (0.01%); Orthodox Christians (0.07%); followers of Umbanda (0.14%); Jewish (0.02%); Spiritualists (0.03%); adherents of esoteric traditions (0.17%); Indigenous religions (0.03%); practitioners of Candomblé (0.09%); and Hindus (0.01%). Another 3.27% had no religion , including atheists (0.29%) and agnostics (0.6%); 0.29% followed other Christian denominations; 0.21% had an undetermined faith; 0.04% were unsure, 0.04% followed other Eastern religions, and 0.03% did not declare. With only 1.12% of

6392-514: The national territory, Santa Catarina was the eighth-largest producer of maize and the eleventh-largest producer of soybeans in Brazil, in the year 2017. When production per unit area is considered, the State becomes the national leader in corn, with an average of 8,100 kilograms per hectare, and second in soybeans, with 3.580 kilos per hectare. In 15 years, there has been a 118% growth in corn productivity and 58% in soybean. In 2019, corn production in

6486-522: The new capital of Brazil. From 1951 to 1973 BR-040 was called BR-3 and was famous for its dangerous bends, such as the Viaduto das Almas, near Belo Horizonte, disabled in 2010. In the 1970s the part from Rio de Janeiro to Juiz de Fora was modernized and became a two-laned road. Cities where the BR-040 runs or passes by: Luislândia , Belo Horizonte, Juiz de Fora, Rio de Janeiro. BR-050 runs radially from

6580-889: The north, the Saí-Guaçu river in the municipality of Itapoá ; to the south, the Mampituba river in Praia Grande ; to the east, the Ponta dos Ingleses in Florianópolis ; to the west, the confluence of the Uruguay and Pepiri-Guazu rivers in Itapiranga , on the border with Argentina . Santa Catarina has 77% of its territory above 300 metres and 52% above 600 metres, making it one of the Brazilian federative units with

6674-487: The population (3,859,258 people) were female , whilst about 49.28% of the population (3,751,103 people) were male . The Human Development Index of Santa Catarina is considered high according to the UNDP . According to the latest Atlas of Human Development in Brazil, released in 2023 with data pertaining to 2021, the state has the 3rd highest HDI among the federal units in Brazil, with an overall index of 0.792. Breaking down

6768-462: The population of Santa Catarina was primarily composed of White Brazilians (76.28%), mixed race individuals (19.22%), Afro-Brazilians (4.07%), indigenous peoples (0.25%) and Asian Brazilians (0.18%). Historically, the region was primarily inhabited by the Kaingang , Xokleng , and Guarani peoples, whose populations were reduced since the beginning of colonisation but have survived to

6862-667: The present day. During colonial Brazil , Spanish colonisers were the first to initiate settlement in the territory of Santa Catarina. However, the territory later came under Portuguese control, marked by Portuguese immigration and the arrival of African slaves . Subsequently, the territory experienced further population growth with the arrival of more Portuguese (especially Azoreans ) and other European immigrants ( Italians , Germans , Poles , Ukrainians , Lithuanians , Jews , Dutch , Belgians , Swiss , Austrians , French , English , Irish , Norwegians , Swedes , Danes , Czechs , Slovaks , Greeks , and Russians ), as well as by

6956-409: The registration of about 2,300 vascular plants . The flag of Santa Catarina is a rectangle divided into three horizontal bands: the upper and lower, sips, and the central, argent. In the middle you can see a sinople rhombus with the coat of arms in the center. On August 15, 1895, Santa Catarina received a flag, designed by José Artur Boiteux. It had thirteen horizontal stripes of sips and argent in

7050-400: The revolutionary squadron led by Custódio José de Melo . The armed conflicts spread throughout the coast of Santa Catarina. Defeated in 1894, the revolutionaries were severely punished by the loyalist troops. Hercílio Luz was elected governor in 1894 and developed a policy for the pacification of the region and the repair of the infrastructural problems that the state had suffered. Desterro

7144-634: The road systems of the States , the Federal District and the Municipalities . The Investment Partnership Program (PPI) is a major effort to expand and upgrade the network of highways aside with the Federal Highway Concessions Program (PROCROFE). The Ministry of Infrastructure often uses a public–private partnership model for highway maintenance, and toll-collection. Currently, the longest National Highway in Brazil

7238-554: The roads and road transport of Brazil is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Brazilian Highway System The National Travel System ( Portuguese : Sistema Nacional de Viação – SNV) comprises the road infrastructure and the operational structure of the different means of transporting people and goods. As for jurisdiction, the national road system is composed of the Federal Road Traffic System ( Portuguese : Sistema Federal de Viação – SFV) and

7332-420: The sea. The plateau area is reasonably average and slopes gently westward. The rivers, flowing towards the neighbouring state of Paraná, have carved deep valleys into it. The lands of the mixed ombrophilous forest are infertile, as are the soils of the grasslands , which are utilised for dairy and beef cattle farming. The soils of the humid subtropical forest are characterised by their fertility. According to

7426-504: The south by the state of Rio Grande do Sul , to the east by the Atlantic Ocean , and to the west by the Argentine province of Misiones . The state covers an area of approximately 95,730.69 square kilometres (37,000 sq mi), comparable to Hungary , and ranking as the seventh smallest Brazilian state by area . With a population of 7.6 million inhabitants in 2022, it is the tenth most populous state in Brazil . Its capital

7520-432: The state harvested 2.3 million tons (Brazil produced 116 million tons this year, being the largest producer in the world). The state was the second-largest rice producer in the country in 2020, second only to the Rio Grande do Sul, harvesting around 1.1 million tons of the product. Total national production was 10.5 million tons this year. The three Southern States of the country are responsible for 95% of

7614-562: The state reached 2.8 million tons (in 2018, Brazil was the third-largest producer in the world, with 82 million tons. However, the annual demand for corn in the state is 7 million tons—97% is for animal consumption, especially for pigs and broilers (83.8%), as Santa Catarina has the largest pig population among Brazilian states and the second largest in poultry. The corn deficit is covered by interstate imports, mainly from Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Paraná and Goiás, and from countries like Argentina and Paraguay. In soy production, in 2019

7708-576: The state's territory are part of both autonomous systems delineated by the Serra Geral and Serra do Mar mountain ranges. The South Atlantic basin is made up of inter-delimited basins, such as those of the Itajaí-Açu , Tubarão , Araranguá , Tijucas , and Itapocu rivers. In the interior of the state, two basins come together to form the Plata basin : that of the Paraná , whose most important tributary

7802-559: The states of Goiás , Tocantins , Maranhão and Pará . The BR-020 connects Fortaleza in Ceará to the federal capital Brasília . Like other BRs that start with the number 0, it leaves Brasília to an extreme point in Brazil. The highway is important because passes through the MATOPIBA region (in the south of Piauí and in the west of Bahia), which is an important producer of soybeans , corn and cotton , among other products. It connects

7896-419: The states of Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul. As some examples, we have soy, corn, coffee, beef, paper and cellulose, wood, furniture and other important products. in the region. This highway connects Canoas (in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, capital of the state of Rio Grande do Sul) with the municipality of Iraí (in the extreme northwest of the state, on the border with Santa Catarina). It's called

7990-631: The term comes from the waistcoat worn by the soldiers of the Portuguese military forces, under Joaquim Francisco do Livramento. These troops, in 1753, departed from Santa Catarina to fight in Rio Grande do Sul and secured for Brazil the conquest of the Captaincy of Santa Catarina . Originating from Catholicism , the name honours the state's patron saint. The Romans worshipped an ancient deity, Sancus , who ensured promises and oaths were not violated, mandating their fulfilment. From his name comes

8084-481: The triumph of the revolution throughout the country . During the Second World War , it was necessary to address the issue of Nazi infiltration in the state. In this area, the Brazilian military effort was not compromised by groups of Germans, following a futile attempt. Up until 1945, intervenors governed the state throughout President Getúlio Vargas 's administration. Since the 1950s, encouragement for

8178-578: The west by the Argentine province of Misiones . The state covers an area of approximately 95,730.69 square kilometres (37,000 sq mi), comparable to Hungary , and ranking as the seventh smallest Brazilian state by area . Its territory is entirely below the Tropic of Capricorn , in the southern temperate zone of the planet. It follows the UTC−03:00 time zone ( Brasília time ), three hours behind Greenwich Mean Time . Its extreme points are: to

8272-541: The west. These extinct states were delimited by the Treaty of Tordesillas . The captaincy was elevated to the status of a province with the declaration of independence of Brazil . The province of Santa Catarina suffered profound consequences from the Ragamuffin War , which took place in Rio Grande do Sul in 1835. The revolutionaries, led by Giuseppe Garibaldi and David Canabarro , invaded Laguna and declared

8366-531: Was boosted in the second half of the 19th century. The colonies of Dona Francisca, later Joinville , were established in 1850; Blumenau in 1852; and Brusque in 1860. The province adhered to the proclamation of the Republic . However, the appointed governor rebelled against the federal government of the time, supporting the Federalist Revolution in 1893. Desterro became the naval base of

8460-602: Was established to extend Portuguese dominions to southern Brazil, reaching as far as the Rio de la Plata region. It is also the oldest state in the South Region of Brazil, predating Rio Grande do Sul (1807) and Paraná (1853). The state was populated by various peoples throughout its history, such as the indigenous Carijós people of the Tupi-Guarani group, and later became an important destination for Azorean Portuguese , Italian , German , and other European immigrants. African slaves and their descendants also contributed to

8554-513: Was founded in 1738. It was separated from São Paulo and incorporated into Rio de Janeiro's in 1739. From the 1740s onwards, initiated by Alexandre de Gusmão , minister of King John V , Portugal began a colonisation and settlement project in southern Brazil, aiming to secure possession of the territory disputed by the Spanish. With this objective, immigration from Madeira Island and the Azores

8648-455: Was renamed Florianópolis, in honour of Floriano Peixoto , following a turn of events that cost the lives of the defenders of the revolution. The Contestado War began in 1912. This conflict pitted the needy inhabitants of the region located between the Negro , Iguazu , Canoas , and Uruguay rivers against the official forces. José Maria de Santo Agostinho, a healer considered sacred, led

8742-433: Was sought. An insular defensive system was implemented. From 1748 to 1756, around five thousand Azorean immigrants began to populate the island and the coastline of the captaincy. Disputes between Portugal and Spain led to the occupation and destruction of the island of Santa Catarina by Spanish troops in 1777. The First Treaty of San Ildefonso forced the Spanish to surrender the invaded region. The Captaincy of Our Lady of

8836-496: Was the first permanent settlement in the region. The settlement of Nossa Senhora do Desterro , on the island of Santa Catarina, was established by the Paulista bandeirante Francisco Dias Velho in 1675. At that time, the notable settler was accompanied by his heirs, slaves, and servants. In 1676, the settlement of Laguna was initiated by Domingos de Brito Peixoto. The Captaincy of Santa Catarina, initially linked to São Paulo ,

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