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24-527: Bohumín is made up of the town parts and villages of Nový Bohumín , Pudlov , Skřečoň , Starý Bohumín , Šunychl , Vrbice and Záblatí . Bohumín is located about 5 kilometres (3 mi) north of Ostrava on the border with Poland , in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia . It lies in the Ostrava Basin . The confluence of the Oder and Olza rivers is situated north of the town. The Oder forms

48-755: A large German community. Bohumín is one of the most important railway junctions in the Czech Republic. Several major international lines pass through the town and Bohumín has the direct connection with many European capitals. Some of the lines were built by the Emperor Ferdinand Northern Railway company. Lines going through Bohumín include: Bohumín– Olomouc – Prague , Bohumín– Brno , Bohumín– Žilina – Vrútky , Bohumín– Košice , Bohumín– Bratislava – Budapest , Bohumín– Vienna – Graz , Bohumín– Warsaw – Gdańsk – Gdynia , Bohumín– Kraków – Przemyśl , and Bohumín– Wrocław – Berlin . There

72-512: Is a chapel, which probably dates from the end of the 19th century. Bohumín is twinned with: Nov%C3%BD Bohum%C3%ADn Nový Bohumín , lit. "New Bohumín" ( Polish : Nowy Bogumin ; German : Neu Oderberg ) is a part of the town of Bohumín in Karviná District , Moravian-Silesian Region , Czech Republic . It has a population of 12,608 (2022). It is the newest part of today's town of Bohumín. First buildings appeared in

96-753: Is also an important depot of České dráhy in Bohumín. LEO Express operates bus services to Polish cities Katowice and Kraków . There are the Bohumín / Chałupki railway border crossing and Bohumín / Nowe Chałupki road border crossing to Poland. The D1 motorway passes through the town. The oldest monument of Bohumín is the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in Old Bohumín. The church

120-516: Is in a stylistic exercise of Queen Kunigunda of Halych written in 1256–1262. It was described as a large village. It was located on a trade route from Prague to Kraków . Until the 16th century, the owners of Bohumín often changed. In 1523, the Bohumín estate was bought by George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach , a member of the House of Hohenzollern . During the rule by the Hohenzollerns,

144-542: Is the Catholic Church of Sacred Heart. This neo-Gothic church was built in 1892–1894. Its appearance is characterized by red unplastered bricks. The Lutheran church in Nový Bohumín was built in 1900–1901. It was also built in the neo-Gothic style and is also protected as a cultural monument. A notable building in Nový Bohumín is the town hall. It was completed in 1898 and a square was established in front of

168-638: The Košice–Bohumín Railway and ironworks, the surrounding municipalities, especially Šunychl and Pudlov (today parts of Bohumín) flourished and the importance of the old town (today known as Starý Bohumín. i.e. "Old Bohumín") declined. According to the censuses conducted in 1880–1910 the population of the town grew from 1,839 in 1880 to 5,810 in 1910. In 1880 and 1890 the majority were Polish-speakers (58.1% in 1880 and 64.8% in 1890), followed by German-speakers (34.8% in 1880 and 27.6% in 1890) and Czech-speakers (6.9% in 1880 and 7.6% in 1890). In 1900 and 1910

192-726: The Munich Agreement , Bohumín and the Trans-Olza region were annexed by Poland in October 1938. The town was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II . The Germans operated several forced labour camps in the town, including a Polenlager camp solely for Poles, a camp solely for Jews, and the E728 subcamp of the Stalag VIII-B/344 prisoner-of-war camp in Nový Bohumín. On 1 May 1945 Bohumín

216-799: The Polish–Czechoslovak War and division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, it became a part of Czechoslovakia. The settlement, known as Bohumín-nádraží (Bohumín-train station), was renamed to Nový Bohumín in April 1924. On 16 October 1924 the Czechoslovak government gave the settlement the town rights. Following the Munich Agreement , in October 1938 together with the Zaolzie region it was annexed by Poland , administratively organised in Frysztat County of Silesian Voivodeship . The town

240-517: The Silesians who were imprisoned there, refused to sign the Volksliste (DVL) or claim German nationality. The Polenlager idea was part of Adolf Hitler's plan, known as Lebensraum , which involved Germanization of all Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany with the help of settlers from Bukovina , Eastern Galicia and Volhynia . The main purpose of the forcible displacement of Poles

264-605: The World War II Nazi German occupation of Poland . The prisoners, originally destined for deportation across the border to the new semi-colonial General Government district, were sent to the Polenlager between 1942 and 1945, once the other locations became too overcrowded to accommodate the prisoners. There were over 30 Polenlager camps, mostly in Silesia. All Polenlager camps were classified by

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288-512: The Germans as "labour reformatories". They were built near major military work-sites for the steady supply of slave labor. The camps had permanent German staff, augmented by captives and volunteers from other Eastern European countries (known as Hiwis ). The Poles were delivered to Polenlagers by trainloads from German temporary transit camps, after they had been evicted from their homes to make way for new settlers (see: Action Saybusch ). Some of

312-594: The Lord from 1896; town hall from 1897–1898; complex of former German schools from 1894–1914; and the Lutheran church from 1901. 49°54′13″N 18°21′28″E  /  49.90361°N 18.35778°E  / 49.90361; 18.35778 Polenlager The Polenlager ( German pronunciation: [ˈpoːlənˌlaːɡɐ] , Polish Camps ) was a system of forced labor camps in Silesia that held Poles during

336-503: The building in the same year. In 1953, the building was turned into a medical centre. Since 2005, part of the municipal office has again been located there. The Church of Saint Catherine in Vrbice was built in 1910–1913. It is a large historicist church with a tall prismatic tower. The Church of Our Lady of Seven Sorrows in Skřečoň is also a historicist building, built in 1912–1924. Its part

360-575: The living accommodations were set up in the factory where prisoners worked; they were given about 1 square metre (11 sq ft) per person to live on, at a redesigned floor of the Schaeffler textile factory. – In 1943, they processed into yarn 3 tons of human hair delivered from Auschwitz in two railroad cars. At the Polenlager 75 in Racibórz ( Ratibor ) – with 142 prisoners as of January 14, 1943 according to records – 22,1% were below

384-445: The majority were German-speakers (52.8% in 1900, 54.5% in 1910), followed by Polish-speakers (41.7% in 1900 and 38.2% in 1910) and Czech-speakers (5.3% in 1900 and 7.3% in 1910). In terms of religion, in 1910 the majority were Roman Catholics (91.7%), followed by Protestants (206 or 3.5%), Jews (129 or 2.2%) and others (141 or 2.6%). After the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, the town became part of Czechoslovakia . Following

408-558: The middle of the 19th century, when the Bohumín-Košice railway line was being constructed. Residential houses for workers, as well as industrial buildings were built. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, several important buildings were built in Neo-Gothic architectural style. After World War I and the fall of Austria-Hungary , it was contested by reborn Poland and Czechoslovakia , and following

432-417: The region experienced great development. The population reoriented to Protestantism and was germanized. The last Hohenzollern who owned Bohumín was Johann Georg von Brandenburg . After his properties were confiscated in 1622, the town was acquired by Lazar Henckel of Donnersmarkt, a banker and entrepreneur from Vienna . His descendants and relatives ruled Bohumín until the end of the mid-18th century, then it

456-571: The western border of the municipal territory and the Olza forms the northern border with Poland. The area is rich in water bodies. The artificial lakes Velké Kališovo and Malé Kališovo with a total area of 50 ha (120 acres) and Vrbické Lake were created by flooding gravel quarries. They are used for recreational purposes. There is also the Záblatský fish pond in the southern part of the territory. The first written mention of Bohumín (as Bogun )

480-761: Was bought by the Lichnowsky family. In the 19th century, Bohumín was owned by the Gusnar family and by Count Rudnický. After the Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire a modern municipal division was introduced in the re-established Austrian Silesia . The town became a seat of a legal district at first in Friedek and since 1868 in the Freistadt political district . Thanks to the construction of

504-509: Was built in the Gothic style in the 14th century on the site of an old chapel. In the second half of the 17th century, the church was extended by two chapels. After a fire in 1850, Baroque modifications were made. Its current form is the result of reconstruction in 1910–1911. Next to the church is a tomb of the Henckel family, former owners of Bohumín. The most important landmark of Nový Bohumín

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528-525: Was taken by Soviet troops of the 1st Guards Army . After the war it was restored to Czechoslovakia and the remaining German population was expelled westward in accordance to the Potsdam Agreement . The majority of citizens are Czech ; many citizens have Polish ancestry, although the Polish minority in Bohumín was only 1.6% as of census 2021. Before World War II , the town was inhabited by

552-472: Was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II . The Germans operated the E728 forced labour subcamp of the Stalag VIII-B/344 prisoner-of-war camp in Nový Bohumín. After the war it was restored to Czechoslovakia . Today it forms the largest, as well as most industrialised part of the town of Bohumín. The most important landmarks are the Catholic Church of the Divine Heart of

576-532: Was to create a German-only enclave known as Reichsgau Wartheland across the formerly Polish territories. There were over 30 Polenlager camps identified in research – mostly in Silesia (26), but also in other locations across the Third Reich and in the present day Czech Republic . Historians estimate their number to have been even higher. In some camps, such as Polenlager 92 in Kietrz ( Katscher ),

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