213-534: The Born This Way Ball was the third concert tour by American singer Lady Gaga , in support of her second studio album Born This Way (2011). The tour visited every populated continent, and was ranked as the fifth highest-grossing tour of 2012 by Pollstar. The tour grossed $ 22.5 million in 2013 according to Pollstar's year-end chart from the 18 dates played, bringing the Born This Way Ball Tour's total gross to $ 183.9 million from 98 dates. The tour
426-465: A BAFTA Award for Best Film Music . "Shallow" also won her the Academy Award, Golden Globe Award , Critics' Choice Award , and Satellite Award for Best Original Song. Gaga gave live performances of the song at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards and the 91st Academy Awards . In October, Gaga announced her engagement to talent agent Christian Carino whom she had met in early 2017. They ended
639-596: A jazz version of " The Lady Is a Tramp ", with Elton John on "Hello Hello" for the animated feature film Gnomeo & Juliet , and with The Lonely Island and Justin Timberlake on " 3-Way (The Golden Rule) ". She also performed a concert at the Sydney Town Hall in Australia that year to promote Born This Way and to celebrate former US President Bill Clinton 's 65th birthday. In November, she
852-494: A misfit and was mocked for "being either too provocative or too eccentric". Gaga began playing the piano at age four when her mother insisted she become "a cultured young woman". She took piano lessons and practiced through her childhood. The lessons taught her to create music by ear, which Gaga preferred over reading sheet music. Her parents encouraged her to pursue music and enrolled her in Creative Arts Camp. As
1065-647: A pejorative description. Giorgio Vasari used the term "barbarous German style" in his Lives of the Artists to describe what is now considered the Gothic style, and in the introduction to the Lives he attributes various architectural features to the Goths , whom he held responsible for destroying the ancient buildings after they conquered Rome, and erecting new ones in this style. When Vasari wrote, Italy had experienced
1278-401: A pejorative description. Giorgio Vasari used the term "barbarous German style" in his 1550 Lives of the Artists to describe what is now considered the Gothic style. In the introduction to the Lives he attributed various architectural features to the Goths whom he held responsible for destroying the ancient buildings after they conquered Rome , and erecting new ones in this style. In
1491-670: A seven-day concert residency commemorating the last performance at New York's Roseland Ballroom before its closure. Two months later, she embarked on the ArtRave: The Artpop Ball tour, building on concepts from her ArtRave promotional event. Earning $ 83 million, the tour included cities canceled from the Born This Way Ball tour itinerary. In the meantime, Gaga split from longtime manager Troy Carter over "creative differences", and by June 2014, she and new manager Bobby Campbell joined Artist Nation,
1704-459: A "five-star marvel" and Ben Beaumont-Thomas of The Guardian termed it an "instant classics full of Gaga's emotional might". Commercially, the soundtrack debuted at number one in the US, making Gaga the first woman with five US number-one albums in the 2010s, and breaking her tie with Taylor Swift as the most for any female artist this decade; Swift tied with her again in 2019. It additionally topped
1917-422: A Gothic choir, and six-part rib vaults over the nave and collateral aisles, alternating pillars and doubled columns to support the vaults, and buttresses to offset the outward thrust from the vaults. One of the builders who is believed to have worked on Sens Cathedral, William of Sens , later travelled to England and became the architect who, between 1175 and 1180, reconstructed the choir of Canterbury Cathedral in
2130-465: A bevy of spectacular dancers made for an electric show". South African newspaper The Times ' s Nikita Ramkissoon shared in this praise, writing that she "was really taken by was her natural talent... From arriving on stage on a horse, birthing herself, dancing dripping with sex and magnificence, Black Jesus and legs splayed open on an armchair made of meat, this performance was nothing short of spectacular. Every minute of it... Everyone [she] know who
2343-547: A century of building in the Vitruvian architectural vocabulary of classical orders revived in the Renaissance and seen as evidence of a new Golden Age of learning and refinement. Thus the Gothic style, being in opposition to classical architecture, from that point of view was associated with the destruction of advancement and sophistication. The assumption that classical architecture was better than Gothic architecture
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#17327907474932556-441: A clear bathtub, built on the stage, featured Gaga singing inside. After a break and brief chat from the singer, in which she thanked the audience for coming to the show, " Telephone " was performed, with its original choreography. An interlude followed, with Mother G.O.A.T. describing "Gaga's takeover of planet earth". "Heavy Metal Lover" was performed next; Gaga appeared atop the body of a motor-" tricycle " with her arms in two slots,
2769-519: A companion album to the film, titled Harlequin , which was released on September 27, 2024. She and Polansky co-wrote four of the tracks on it. The lead single from Gaga's upcoming eighth studio album, " Disease ", was released on October 25, 2024. It charted at number seven in the UK. The album—a pop record per Polansky's recommendation—is set to follow in February 2025. Gaga is scheduled to return as
2982-516: A corner at my parents' house because I was vomiting and sick. Because I'd been being abused. I was locked away in a studio for months." In 2005, Gaga recorded two songs with hip-hop artist Melle Mel for an audio book accompanying Cricket Casey's children's novel The Portal in the Park . She also formed a band called the SGBand with some friends from NYU. They played gigs around New York and became
3195-629: A debut headlining artist. Concerts performed at Madison Square Garden in New York City were filmed for an HBO television special, Lady Gaga Presents the Monster Ball Tour: At Madison Square Garden . Gaga also performed songs from her albums at the 2009 Royal Variety Performance , the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards, and the 2010 Brit Awards . Before Michael Jackson 's death , Gaga was set to take part in his canceled This Is It concert series at
3408-521: A fire escape and walking on a lonely street, without intricate choreography and back-up dancers. Born This Way was released on May 23, 2011, and debuted atop the Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 1.1 million copies . It sold eight million copies worldwide and received three Grammy nominations, including Gaga's third consecutive nomination for Album of the Year . Rolling Stone listed
3621-587: A fixture of the downtown Lower East Side club scene. After the 2006 Songwriters Hall of Fame New Songwriters Showcase at the Cutting Room in June, talent scout Wendy Starland recommended her to music producer Rob Fusari . Fusari collaborated with Gaga, who traveled daily to New Jersey, helping to develop her songs and compose new material. The producer said they began dating in May 2006, and claimed to have been
3834-748: A headliner for the 2025 Coachella festival two months afterwards. She is also set to appear in the upcoming second season of the Netflix series Wednesday . Gaga grew up listening to artists such as Michael Jackson, the Beatles , Stevie Wonder, Queen, Bruce Springsteen , Pink Floyd , Led Zeppelin , Whitney Houston , Elton John, Prince , En Vogue , TLC , Christina Aguilera, Janet Jackson , and Blondie , who have all influenced her music. Gaga's musical inspiration varies from dance-pop singers such as Madonna and Michael Jackson to glam rock artists such as David Bowie and Freddie Mercury , as well as
4047-405: A high-school student in a 2001 episode of The Sopranos titled " The Telltale Moozadell ". She later said of her inclination towards music: I don't know exactly where my affinity for music comes from, but it is the thing that comes easiest to me. When I was like three years old, I may have been even younger, my mom always tells this really embarrassing story of me propping myself up and playing
4260-451: A hit". Simon Reynolds wrote in 2010: "Everything about Gaga came from electroclash , except the music, which wasn't particularly 1980s, just ruthlessly catchy naughties pop glazed with Auto-Tune and undergirded with R&B -ish beats." Gaga's songs have covered a wide variety of concepts; The Fame discusses the lust for stardom, while the follow-up The Fame Monster expresses fame's dark side through monster metaphors. The Fame
4473-493: A joint deal by having Gaga also sign with his own label KonLive , making her his "franchise player". In late 2007, Gaga met with songwriter and producer RedOne . She collaborated with him in the recording studio for a week on her debut album, signing with Cherrytree Records , an Interscope imprint established by producer and songwriter Martin Kierszenbaum ; she also wrote four songs with Kierszenbaum. Despite securing
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#17327907474934686-785: A key inspiration to pursue a musical career. Gaga was inspired by her mother to be interested in fashion, which would later become a major influence and integrated with her music. Stylistically, Gaga has been compared to Leigh Bowery , Isabella Blow , and Cher ; she once commented that as a child, she absorbed Cher's fashion sense and made it her own. Gaga became friends with British fashion designer Alexander McQueen shortly before his suicide in 2010, and became known for wearing his designs, particularly his towering armadillo shoes . She has called fashion designer Donatella Versace her muse ; Versace referred to Gaga as "the fresh Donatella". Gaga has also been influenced by Princess Diana , whom she has admired since childhood. Gaga has called
4899-510: A lantern tower, deeply moulded decoration, and high pointed arcades. Coutances Cathedral was remade into Gothic beginning about 1220. Its most distinctive feature is the octagonal lantern on the crossing of the transept, decorated with ornamental ribs, and surrounded by sixteen bays and sixteen lancet windows. Saint-Denis was the work of the Abbot Suger , a close adviser of Kings Louis VI and Louis VII . Suger reconstructed portions of
5112-495: A lawsuit against her production team, Mermaid Music LLC. At this time, Gaga was tested borderline positive for lupus but claimed not to be affected by the symptoms and hoped to maintain a healthy lifestyle. In February 2011, Gaga released " Born This Way ", the lead single from her studio album of the same name . The song sold more than one million copies within five days, earning the Guinness World Record for
5325-611: A major act worldwide and I believe this tour will be an extension of that, particularly considering we're going to territories she's never been in, like Southeast Asia and Latin America." A European leg was announced in March 2012, which consisted of 21 dates over a period of two months, kicking-off in Sofia, Bulgaria, and concluding in Spain. Soon thereafter, German electronic musician Zedd
5538-554: A music school at New York University (NYU)'s Tisch School of the Arts , and lived in an NYU dorm . She studied music there and improved her songwriting skills by writing essays on art, religion, social issues, and politics, including a thesis on pop artists Spencer Tunick and Damien Hirst . In 2005, Gaga withdrew from school during the second semester of her second year to focus on her music career. That year, she also played an unsuspecting diner customer for MTV 's Boiling Points ,
5751-498: A new period of Gothic Revival . Gothic architecture survived the early modern period and flourished again in a revival from the late 18th century and throughout the 19th. Perpendicular was the first Gothic style revived in the 18th century. In England, partly in response to a philosophy propounded by the Oxford Movement and others associated with the emerging revival of 'high church' or Anglo-Catholic ideas during
5964-424: A new song called "Princess Die", about suicide and mental illness. The song's lyrics, including lines such as "I wish that I was strong/I wish that I was wrong/I wish that I could cope/but I took pills and left a note" were slammed as "distasteful" by suicide charities, who feared the message about the suicide that the song portrayed. Chris Wagner of Lifeline , an international crisis support service, stated, "Lifeline
6177-715: A philanthropist and business executive, and Internet entrepreneur Joseph Germanotta, and she has a younger sister named Natali. Brought up on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, Gaga said in an interview that her parents came from lower-class families and worked hard for everything. From age 11, she attended the Convent of the Sacred Heart , a private all-girls Roman Catholic school. Gaga has described her high-school self as "very dedicated, very studious, very disciplined" but also "a bit insecure". She considered herself
6390-447: A prank reality television show. In a 2014 interview, Gaga said she was raped at age 19 by her producer, and later underwent mental and physical therapy for this. She has post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and attributes it to the incident, and has credited support from doctors, family, and friends with helping her. Gaga later gave additional details about the rape, including that "the person who raped me dropped me off pregnant on
6603-657: A record 83 weeks on Billboard magazine's Digital Songs chart. Three other singles, " Eh, Eh (Nothing Else I Can Say) ", " LoveGame " and " Paparazzi ", were released from the album; the lattermost reached number one in Germany. Remixed versions of the singles from The Fame , except "Eh, Eh (Nothing Else I Can Say)", were included on Hitmixes in August 2009. At the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards , The Fame and "Poker Face" won Best Dance/Electronica Album and Best Dance Recording , respectively. Following her opening act on
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6816-441: A record deal, she said that some radio stations found her music too "racy", "dance-oriented", and "underground" for the mainstream market, to which she replied: "My name is Lady Gaga, I've been on the music scene for years, and I'm telling you, this is what's next." By 2008, Gaga had relocated to Los Angeles to work extensively with her record label to complete her debut album, The Fame , and to set up her own creative team called
7029-459: A recreation of her album cover. Gaga drove-around the Monster Pit, followed by choreography for the last chorus of the song. After "Bad Kids", an acoustic section followed with songs like " Hair ", "Princess Die", and " You and I ". The section concluded with " Electric Chapel ", with a display of flashing lights before Gaga left the stage. After a Spanish guitar intro, Gaga then returned in
7242-491: A recreation of her iconic meat dress for " Americano ". " Poker Face " was next; at the end of the song, Gaga was lowered into a "meat grinder", before later emerging from the stage sitting on a "meat couch" to perform " Alejandro " in a gun-bra and green trousers. The castle closed with an interlude and blue lights. Mother G.O.A.T. flew about the castle, mouthing the words of the first verse of " Paparazzi ", until Gaga returned to "kill" her with her new disco-stick. Gaga then gave
7455-454: A remake of the 1937 film of the same name . The film follows Ally's relationship with singer Jackson Maine (played by Cooper), which becomes strained after her career begins to overshadow his. It received acclaim from critics, with a consensus that the movie had "appealing leads, deft direction, and an affecting love story". Cooper approached Gaga after seeing her perform at a cancer research fundraiser. An admirer of Cooper's work, Gaga agreed to
7668-713: A rendition of Zizi Jeanmaire 's "Mon truc en plumes" at the 2024 Summer Olympics opening ceremony in Paris. Gaga released the single " Die with a Smile ", a duet with Bruno Mars , on August 16, 2024. The song became the longest-running number one of 2024 on the Billboard Global 200 , and reached number two in the US. Gaga starred as Harleen "Lee" Quinzel alongside Joaquin Phoenix in Todd Phillips 's musical psychological thriller Joker: Folie à Deux ,
7881-449: A series of tracery patterns for windows – from the basic geometrical to the reticulated and the curvilinear – which had superseded the lancet window. Bar-tracery of the curvilinear, flowing , and reticulated types distinguish Second Pointed style. Decorated Gothic similarly sought to emphasize the windows, but excelled in the ornamentation of their tracery. Churches with features of this style include Westminster Abbey (1245–),
8094-466: A speech about how there are "no boundaries in music", before performing " Scheiße ". After the song, the stage went black. Moments later, Gaga was seen in one of the castle towers for " The Edge of Glory " and the final song, " Marry the Night ". When the show ended, Gaga and her dancers were lowered off-stage and the castle went dark. The Korea Herald journalist Cho Chung-un opined that Gaga "captivated
8307-496: A stop on her worldwide Born This Way Ball , highlighted everything that has made Lady Gaga such a phenomenon. There were outrageous outfits, elaborate set pieces, sexy dance numbers, and messages of self-respect and gay rights. Plus, all those hit songs." Golfen also added: "That packed arena of screaming fans made it clear that her star wasn't going to be fading away anytime soon." Other North American reports were more critical, such as Emily Zemler of The Hollywood Reporter giving
8520-532: A tee-shirt as she performed the song at a desert party". It continued with her performances in the film as well as her stage persona. Reviewing The Chromatica Ball in 2022, Chris Willman of Variety wrote that Gaga "could have further played the authenticity card for all it's worth" after the release of Joanne and A Star Is Born , but instead "has determined to keep herself weird — or just weird enough to provide necessarily ballast to her more earnest inclinations". Gothic architecture Gothic architecture
8733-585: A teenager, she played at open mic nights. Gaga played the lead roles of Adelaide in the play Guys and Dolls and Philia in the play A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum at Regis High School . She also studied method acting at the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute for ten years. Gaga unsuccessfully auditioned for New York shows, though did appear in a small background role as
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8946-460: A third dog named Miss Asia escaped and was subsequently recovered by police. Gaga later offered a $ 500,000 reward for the return of her pets. Two days later, on February 26, a woman brought the dogs to a police station in Los Angeles. Both were unharmed. Los Angeles Police initially said the woman who dropped off the dogs did not appear to be involved with the shooting, but on April 29, she
9159-571: A total of five sold-out shows) in Hong Kong. Additional sellouts and positive commercial results were reported for the successive performances in Hong Kong, as well as in Taipei , Saitama , Bangkok , Singapore , Seoul , and Jakarta , with the latter having sold out within two hours. Similar successes were echoed in European markets. Several British publications indicated that presale tickets in
9372-462: A triforium, Early English churches usually retained a gallery. High Gothic ( c. 1194 –1250) was a brief but very productive period, which produced some of the great landmarks of Gothic art. The first building in the High Gothic (French: Classique ) was Chartres Cathedral , an important pilgrimage church south of Paris. The Romanesque cathedral was destroyed by fire in 1194, but
9585-482: A violent and bothersome mistake, as suggested by Vasari. Rather, he saw that the Gothic style had developed over time along the lines of a changing society, and that it was thus a legitimate architectural style of its own. It was no secret that Wren strongly disliked the building practices of the Gothic style. When he was appointed Surveyor of the Fabric at Westminster Abbey in the year 1698, he expressed his distaste for
9798-438: A zipper-like " vagina " of a large, inflatable body. After "Black Jesus + Amen Fashion" and " Bloody Mary ", an interlude commenced, and the opening dialogue of the music video of "Born This Way" could be heard For " Bad Romance ", Gaga arrived on stage inside of a vessel. Following this, she escaped to the top of the castle for " Judas ", before escaping and performing "Fashion of His Love" and " Just Dance ". During " LoveGame ",
10011-477: Is "the most talented artist I have ever met". Before the album was released, it produced the singles " Anything Goes " and " I Can't Give You Anything but Love ". Cheek to Cheek received generally favorable reviews; The Guardian ' s Caroline Sullivan praised Gaga's vocals and Howard Reich of the Chicago Tribune wrote that " Cheek to Cheek serves up the real thing, start to finish". The record
10224-463: Is General Admission only, and Little Monsters [...] unlock it when they arrive to the arena or stadium. Entry to The Monster Pit is relegated [...] to the fans who have arrived first, waited all night, [...] dressed to 'Ball.' Every night Haus of Gaga will choose fans from The Monster Pit to come back stage and meet me! These tickets are not more expensive. No dress code requirement. Born This Way means anything goes." As part of an advertising campaign in
10437-540: Is also the architecture of many castles , palaces , town halls , guildhalls , universities and, less prominently today, private dwellings. Many of the finest examples of medieval Gothic architecture are listed by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites . With the development of Renaissance architecture in Italy during the mid-15th century, the Gothic style was supplanted by the new style, but in some regions, notably England and Belgium, Gothic continued to flourish and develop into
10650-577: Is an architectural style that was prevalent in Europe from the late 12th to the 16th century, during the High and Late Middle Ages , surviving into the 17th and 18th centuries in some areas. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture . It originated in the Île-de-France and Picardy regions of northern France . The style at the time was sometimes known as opus Francigenum ( lit. ' French work ' );
10863-967: Is an electropop and dance-pop album that has influences of 1980s pop and 1990s Europop , whereas The Fame Monster displays Gaga's taste for pastiche, drawing on "Seventies arena glam, perky ABBA disco , and sugary throwbacks like Stacey Q ". Born This Way has lyrics in English, French, German, and Spanish and features themes common to Gaga's controversial songwriting such as sex, love, religion, money, drugs, identity, liberation, sexuality, freedom, and individualism. The album explores new genres, such as electronic rock and techno . The themes in Artpop revolve around Gaga's personal views of fame, love, sex, feminism , self-empowerment, overcoming addiction, and reactions to media scrutiny. Billboard described Artpop as "coherently channeling R&B, techno, disco and rock music". With Cheek to Cheek , Gaga pursued
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#173279074749311076-581: Is known in Britain as High Victorian Gothic . The Palace of Westminster in London by Sir Charles Barry with interiors by a major exponent of the early Gothic Revival, Augustus Welby Pugin , is an example of the Gothic revival style from its earlier period in the second quarter of the 19th century. Examples from the High Victorian Gothic period include George Gilbert Scott 's design for
11289-550: Is one of the reasons why Wren's theory is rejected by many. The earliest examples of the pointed arch in Europe date from before the Holy War in the year 1095; this is widely regarded as proof that the Gothic style could not have possibly been derived from Saracen architecture. Several authors have taken a stance against this allegation, claiming that the Gothic style had most likely filtered into Europe in other ways, for example through Spain or Sicily. The Spanish architecture from
11502-579: Is similar [to Madonna's]. Gaga hardly says anything Madonna didn't say 25 years ago" adding that "But I have a feeling that she is a less interesting pop-artist than many of us had hoped for. Lady Gaga so often praised for being "original", is mostly very un-original." Reviews of the North American leg were mostly positive; in the Vancouver Sun , François Marchand praised the show, stating that "Unlike Madonna, whose latest Vancouver appearance
11715-686: Is the fifth season of the television anthology horror series, American Horror Story , in which Gaga played a hotel owner named Elizabeth . At the 73rd Golden Globe Awards , Gaga received the Best Actress in a Miniseries or Television Film award for her work on the season. She appeared in Nick Knight 's 2015 fashion film for Tom Ford 's 2016 spring campaign and was guest editor for V fashion magazine's 99th issue in January 2016, which featured 16 different covers. She received Editor of
11928-440: Is very concerned about the nature of the song, particularly as it clearly describes the method of suicide and talks in depth about suicide. It doesn't actually have any message of hope, of help seeking, or anything of a positive nature whatsoever." The song's references to Diana, Princess of Wales and her death also caused offense and outrage, despite Gaga attempting to distance herself from such controversy by clearly spelling out
12141-519: Is why he constantly praised the classic architecture of 'the Ancients' in his writings. Even though he openly expressed his distaste for the Gothic style, Wren did not blame the Saracens for the apparent lack of ingenuity. Quite the opposite: he praised the Saracens for their 'superior' vaulting techniques and their widespread use of the pointed arch. Wren claimed the inventors of the Gothic had seen
12354-410: The Billboard Global 200 number-one single " Die with a Smile " (2024). Having sold an estimated 170 million records, Gaga is one of the world's best selling music artists and the only female artist to achieve four singles each selling at least 10 million copies globally. Her other accolades include 13 Grammy Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, 18 MTV Video Music Awards , awards from
12567-495: The Dallas Voice praised the show and Gaga's "relentlessness in giving a dynamic performance", saying that "She shocked, she touched, she served diva realness, and like those four fans onstage (as well as the ones who joined her in the "Marry the Night" finale), she made everyone feel special." The Arizona Republic ' s Joe Golfen also gave the Phoenix show a positive review, stating: "The nearly two-and-a-half hour show,
12780-489: The Albert Memorial in London, and William Butterfield 's chapel at Keble College, Oxford . From the second half of the 19th century onwards, it became more common in Britain for neo-Gothic to be used in the design of non-ecclesiastical and non-governmental buildings types. Gothic details even began to appear in working-class housing schemes subsidised by philanthropy, though given the expense, less frequently than in
12993-488: The Billboard 200, making her the first woman to reach the US chart's summit four times in the 2010s. The album's second single, " Million Reasons ", followed the next month and reached number four in the US. She later released a piano version of the album's title track in 2018, which won a Grammy for Best Pop Solo Performance . To promote the album, Gaga embarked on the three-date Dive Bar Tour . Gaga performed as
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#173279074749313206-529: The Born This Way Ball tour in April 2012, which was scheduled to conclude the following March, but ended one month earlier when Gaga canceled the remaining dates due to a labral tear of her right hip that required surgery. While refunds for the cancellations were estimated to be worth $ 25 million, the tour grossed $ 183.9 million globally. In 2011, Gaga also worked with Tony Bennett on
13419-562: The Born This Way Ball was announced the following day, revealing that Gaga would perform several concerts in Asia, including in Hong Kong, Singapore and South Korea. Additional dates were added to the Asia-Pacific leg on February 15, 2012. Live Nation Global Touring CEO Arthur Fogel and his team would steer around the tour, as they did the bulk of The Monster Ball Tour (2010–11). Fogel explained that "The last tour established [Gaga] as
13632-560: The Born This Way Foundation , which supports the wellness of young people. Her business ventures include vegan cosmetics brand Haus Labs , launched in 2019. Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta was born into an upper-middle-class Catholic family on March 28, 1986, at Lenox Hill Hospital in Manhattan, New York City. Both of her parents have Italian ancestry. Her parents are Cynthia Louise ( née Bissett ),
13845-651: The Byzantine , of course belong more to the Gothic period than the light and elegant structures of the pointed order which succeeded them. The Gothic style of architecture was strongly influenced by the Romanesque architecture which preceded it; by the growing population and wealth of European cities, and by the desire to express local grandeur. It was influenced by theological doctrines which called for more light and by technical improvements in vaults and buttresses that allowed much greater height and larger windows. It
14058-592: The Chateau of Gaillon near Rouen (1502–1510) with the assistance of Italian craftsmen. The Château de Blois (1515–1524) introduced the Renaissance loggia and open stairway. King Francois I installed Leonardo da Vinci at his Chateau of Chambord in 1516, and introduced a Renaissance long gallery at the Palace of Fontainebleau in 1528–1540. In 1546 Francois I began building the first example of French classicism,
14271-688: The Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album , and "Bad Romance" won Best Female Pop Vocal Performance and Best Short Form Music Video at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards . In 2009, Gaga spent a record 150 weeks on the UK Singles Chart and became the most downloaded female act in a year in the US, with 11.1 million downloads sold, earning an entry in the Guinness Book of World Records . Worldwide, The Fame and The Fame Monster together have sold more than 15 million copies, and
14484-670: The Mercury Lounge , the Bitter End , and the Rockwood Music Hall . Their live performance art piece, known as "Lady Gaga and the Starlight Revue" and billed as "The Ultimate Pop Burlesque Rockshow", was a tribute to 1970s variety acts. They performed at the 2007 Lollapalooza music festival. Having initially focused on avant-garde electronic dance music , Gaga began to incorporate pop melodies and
14697-562: The New York Film Critics Circle Award , and nominations for the BAFTA Award , Critics' Choice Award , Golden Globe Award and Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actress. Gaga co-wrote the song " Hold My Hand " for the 2022 film Top Gun: Maverick , and also composed the score alongside Hans Zimmer and Harold Faltermeyer . She performed "Hold My Hand" live at the 95th Academy Awards , where it
14910-459: The O 2 Arena in the UK. During this era, Gaga ventured into business, collaborating with consumer electronics company Monster Cable Products to create in-ear, jewel-encrusted headphones called Heartbeats by Lady Gaga. She also partnered with Polaroid in January 2010 as their creative director and announced a suite of photo-capture products called Grey Label. Her collaboration with her past record producer and ex-boyfriend Rob Fusari led to
15123-575: The Pantheon, Rome , was one of the first Renaissance landmarks, but it also employed Gothic technology; the outer skin of the dome was supported by a framework of twenty-four ribs. In the 16th century, as Renaissance architecture from Italy began to appear in France and other countries in Europe. The Gothic style began to be described as outdated, ugly and even barbaric. The term "Gothic" was first used as
15336-755: The Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Council of Fashion Designers of America , and recognition as Billboard 's Artist of the Year (2010) and Woman of the Year (2015). She has also been included in several Forbes power rankings and ranked fourth on VH1 's Greatest Women in Music (2012). Time named Gaga one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2010 and 2019 and placed her on their All- Time 100 Fashion Icons list. Gaga's philanthropy and activism focus on mental health awareness and LGBT rights . She has her own non-profit organization,
15549-406: The glam rock style of David Bowie and Queen into her songs. While Gaga and Starlight were performing, Fusari continued to develop the songs he had created with her, sending them to the producer and record executive Vincent Herbert . In November 2007, Herbert signed Gaga to his label Streamline Records, an imprint of Interscope Records , established that month. Gaga later credited Herbert as
15762-434: The most watched on YouTube in April 2010, and that October, Gaga became the first person with more than one billion combined views. At the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards , she won eight awards from 13 nominations, including Video of the Year for "Bad Romance". She was the most nominated artist for a single year, and the first woman to receive two nominations for Video of the Year at the same ceremony. The Fame Monster won
15975-693: The rib vault , had appeared in England, Sicily and Normandy in the 11th century. Rib-vaults were employed in some parts of the cathedral at Durham (1093–) and in Lessay Abbey in Normandy (1098). However, the first buildings to be considered fully Gothic are the royal funerary abbey of the French kings, the Abbey of Saint-Denis (1135–1144), and the archiepiscopal cathedral at Sens (1135–1164). They were
16188-424: The 1250s, Louis IX commissioned the rebuilt transepts and enormous rose windows of Notre-Dame de Paris (1250s for the north transept, 1258 for the beginning of south transept). This first 'international style' was also used in the clerestory of Metz Cathedral ( c . 1245–), then in the choir of Cologne 's cathedral ( c . 1250–), and again in the nave of the cathedral at Strasbourg ( c . 1250–). Masons elaborated
16401-539: The 13th century; by 1300, a first "international style" of Gothic had developed, with common design features and formal language. A second "international style" emerged by 1400, alongside innovations in England and central Europe that produced both the perpendicular and flamboyant varieties. Typically, these typologies are identified as: Norman architecture on either side of the English Channel developed in parallel towards Early Gothic . Gothic features, such as
16614-557: The 16th century. A series of Gothic revivals began in mid-18th century England , spread through 19th-century Europe and continued, largely for churches and university buildings, into the 20th century. Medieval contemporaries described the style as Latin : opus Francigenum , lit. 'French work' or ' Frankish work', as opus modernum , 'modern work', novum opus , 'new work', or as Italian : maniera tedesca , lit. 'German style'. The term "Gothic architecture" originated as
16827-480: The 17th and 18th centuries, especially in provincial and ecclesiastical contexts, notably at Oxford . Beginning in the mid-15th century, the Gothic style gradually lost its dominance in Europe. It had never been popular in Italy, and in the mid-15th century the Italians, drawing upon ancient Roman ruins, returned to classical models. The dome of Florence Cathedral (1420–1436) by Filippo Brunelleschi , inspired by
17040-509: The 17th and 18th century several important Gothic buildings were constructed at Oxford University and Cambridge University , including Tom Tower (1681–82) at Christ Church, Oxford , by Christopher Wren . It also appeared, in a whimsical fashion, in Horace Walpole 's Twickenham villa , Strawberry Hill (1749–1776). The two western towers of Westminster Abbey were constructed between 1722 and 1745 by Nicholas Hawksmoor , opening
17253-431: The 17th century, Molière also mocked the Gothic style in the 1669 poem La Gloire : "...the insipid taste of Gothic ornamentation, these odious monstrosities of an ignorant age, produced by the torrents of barbarism..." The dominant styles in Europe became in turn Italian Renaissance architecture , Baroque architecture , and the grand classicism of the style Louis XIV . The Kings of France had first-hand knowledge of
17466-502: The 21st centuries ultimate pop star". Swedish news corporation Expressen gave the show five stars, believing that "her two and a half hour show is by far the most lavish and eccentric [they'd] ever seen", complementing Gaga's "flashes of humour... and smart political digs", and the show's intimacy and promotion of self-expression and love. The Guardian gave the show four out of five stars, stating that "The tightly choreographed hits sound terrific, but it's when this curious star sabotages
17679-600: The Abbey of Saint-Denis , near Paris, the choir was reconstructed between 1140 and 1144, drawing together for the first time the developing Gothic architectural features. In doing so, a new architectural style emerged that emphasized verticality and the effect created by the transmission of light through stained glass windows. Common examples are found in Christian ecclesiastical architecture , and Gothic cathedrals and churches , as well as abbeys , and parish churches . It
17892-640: The Air and Weather; the Coping, which cannot defend them, first failing, and if they give Way, the Vault must spread. Pinnacles are no Use, and as little Ornament. The chaos of the Gothic left much to be desired in Wren's eyes. His aversion of the style was so strong that he refused to put a Gothic roof on the new St. Paul's, despite being pressured to do so. Wren much preferred symmetry and straight lines in architecture, which
18105-497: The Best Pop Duo/Group Performance at the 63rd Annual Grammy Awards , and debuted at number one in the US, making Gaga the third person to top the country's chart in the 2000s, 2010s and 2020s. At the 2020 MTV Video Music Awards , Gaga won five awards, including the inaugural Tricon Award recognizing artists accomplished in different areas of the entertainment industry. In September 2020, she appeared in
18318-702: The Born This Way Ball tour; she crafted the album to mirror "a night at the club". In August 2013, Gaga released the album's lead single " Applause ", which reached number one in Hungary, number four in the US, and number five in the UK. A lyric video for Artpop track " Aura " followed in October to accompany Robert Rodriguez 's Machete Kills , where she plays an assassin named La Chameleon. The film received generally mixed reviews and earned less than half of its $ 33 million budget. The second Artpop single, " Do What U Want ", featured singer R. Kelly and
18531-644: The Gothic style in a letter to the bishop of Rochester: Nothing was thought magnificent that was not high beyond Measure, with the Flutter of Arch-buttresses, so we call the sloping Arches that poise the higher Vaultings of the Nave. The Romans always concealed their Butments, whereas the Normans thought them ornamental. These I have observed are the first Things that occasion the Ruin of Cathedrals, being so much exposed to
18744-642: The Greeks. Wren was the first to popularize the belief that it was not the Europeans, but the Saracens that had created the Gothic style. The term 'Saracen' was still in use in the 18th century and it typically referred to all Muslims, including the Arabs and Berbers. Wren mentions Europe's architectural debt to the Saracens no fewer than twelve times in his writings. He also decidedly broke with tradition in his assumption that Gothic architecture did not merely represent
18957-583: The Guinness World Record for Most Product Placement in a Video. According to author Curtis Fogel, she explores bondage and sadomasochism and highlights prevalent feminist themes. The main themes of her music videos are sex, violence, and power. She has called herself "a little bit of a feminist" and asserted that she is "sexually empowering women". Billboard ranked her sixth on its list of "The 100 Greatest Music Video Artists of All Time" in 2020, stating that "the name 'Lady Gaga' will forever be synonymous with culture-shifting music videos". Regarded as "one of
19170-662: The Haus of Gaga, modeled on Andy Warhol 's The Factory . The Fame was released on August 19, 2008, and reached number one in Austria, Canada, Germany, Ireland, Switzerland and the UK, as well as the top five in Australia and the US. Its first two singles, " Just Dance " and " Poker Face ", reached number one in the United States, Australia, Canada and the UK. The latter was also the world's bestselling single of 2009, with 9.8 million copies sold that year, and spent
19383-485: The Indian alternative medicine advocate Deepak Chopra a "true inspiration", and has also quoted Indian leader Osho 's book Creativity on Twitter. Gaga said she was influenced by Osho's work in valuing rebellion through creativity and equality. Critics have analyzed and scrutinized Gaga's musical and performance style, as she has experimented with new ideas and images throughout her career. She has said that she finds
19596-519: The Jazz & Piano in January 2019. Gaga launched her vegan makeup line, Haus Laboratories , in September 2019 exclusively on Amazon . Consisting of 40 products, including liquid eyeliners, lip glosses and face mask sticker, it reached number-one on Amazon's list of bestselling lipsticks. Gaga's sixth studio album, Chromatica , was released on May 29, 2020, to positive reviews. It debuted atop
19809-534: The Los Angeles show a mixed review, writing: "The music was, at best, secondary to the grab-bag, highly produced performance... It was almost as though the singer decided to indulge every possible idea anyone ever had for her live show simultaneously". Jim Harrington from the Oakland Tribune gave the San Jose concert a negative review, saying that the "production is so over-the-top that it completely buries
20022-548: The Moors could have favoured the emergence of the Gothic style long before the Crusades took place. This could have happened gradually through merchants, travelers and pilgrims. According to a 19th-century correspondent in the London journal Notes and Queries , Gothic was a derisive misnomer; the pointed arcs and architecture of the later Middle Ages was quite different from the rounded arches prevalent in late antiquity and
20235-658: The Philippines, and Indonesia to call for the cancellation of the concerts. Most went on as scheduled, although one, in Indonesia, was canceled due to threats, the cancellation being seen as an indicator of the growing influence of extremist groups like the Islamic Defenders Front . Several conservative political commentators denounced The Born This Way Ball shortly after the conception of the tour. In May 2012, Gaga sparked an online uproar, particularly in
20448-562: The Pussycat Dolls ' 2009 Doll Domination Tour in Europe and Oceania, Gaga headlined her worldwide The Fame Ball Tour , which ran from March to September 2009. While traveling the globe, she wrote eight songs for The Fame Monster , a reissue of The Fame . Those new songs were also released as a standalone EP on November 18, 2009. Its first single, " Bad Romance ", was released one month earlier and went number one in Canada and
20661-831: The Saracen architecture during the Crusades , also called the Religious war or Holy War, organised by the Kingdom of France in the year 1095: The Holy War gave the Christians, who had been there, an Idea of the Saracen Works, which were afterwards by them imitated in the West; and they refined upon it every day, as they proceeded in building Churches. There are several chronological issues that arise with this statement, which
20874-547: The Thailand flag. The complaints came from when Gaga while wearing an accessorized and provocative bikini costume with a traditional Thai headdress, rode a motorcycle across the stage with a Thai flag tied to it. Government officials in the country deemed the act as "not appropriate" and felt that it "hurt the feelings of Thai People". Gaga caused more controversy after her performance of June 27 in Melbourne, where she debuted
21087-599: The UK, and number two in the US, Australia and New Zealand. " Telephone ", with Beyoncé , followed as the second single from the EP and became Gaga's fourth UK number one. Its third single was " Alejandro ", which reached number one in Finland and attracted controversy when its music video was deemed blasphemous by the Catholic League . Both tracks reached the top five in the US. The video for "Bad Romance" became
21300-477: The US Billboard 200 . Her second full-length album, Born This Way (2011), explored electronic rock and techno-pop and sold more than one million copies in the first week. Its title track became the fastest-selling song on the iTunes Store , with over one million downloads in less than a week. Following her electronic dance music -influenced third album, Artpop (2013), she pursued jazz on
21513-419: The US charts, becoming her sixth consecutive number-one album in the country, and reached the top spot in more than a dozen other territories including Australia, Canada, France, Italy and the UK. Chromatica ' s lead single, " Stupid Love ", was released on February 28, 2020, and charted at number five in the US and the UK. The second single, " Rain on Me " with Ariana Grande , followed on May 22. It won
21726-505: The US. The album's promotional rollout included the television special One Last Time: An Evening with Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga , released in November 2021, on CBS, which featured select performances from the duo's August 3 and 5 performances at Radio City Music Hall . Another taped performance by the duo recorded for MTV Unplugged was released that December. At the 64th Annual Grammy Awards , Love for Sale won Gaga and Bennett
21939-600: The United Kingdom were selling beyond the demand. Industry analysts suggested that based on internet searches that an estimated two million people could attempt to purchase a ticket out of the 75,000 that were issued for the London and Manchester dates. Tickets became available for general sale on April 13, 2012; the London event sold out in a record-breaking 50 seconds, while the Manchester concert sold out under ten minutes. Several European ticketing sites crashed when
22152-570: The Year award at the Fashion Los Angeles Awards. In February 2016, Gaga sang the US national anthem at Super Bowl 50 , partnered with Intel and Nile Rodgers for a tribute performance to the late David Bowie at the 58th Annual Grammy Awards , and sang "Til It Happens to You" at the 88th Academy Awards , where she was introduced by Joe Biden and was accompanied on-stage by 50 people who had suffered from sexual assault. She
22365-399: The album Cheek to Cheek (2014) with Tony Bennett , and delved into soft rock on the album Joanne (2016). She ventured into acting, winning awards for her leading roles in the miniseries American Horror Story: Hotel (2015–2016) and the musical film A Star Is Born (2018). Her contributions to the latter's soundtrack , which spawned the chart-topping single " Shallow ", made her
22578-450: The ambulatory and side-chapels around the choir at Saint-Denis, and by the paired towers and triple doors on the western façade. Sens was quickly followed by Senlis Cathedral (begun 1160), and Notre-Dame de Paris (begun 1160). Their builders abandoned the traditional plans and introduced the new Gothic elements from Saint-Denis. The builders of Notre-Dame went further by introducing the flying buttress, heavy columns of support outside
22791-412: The amount of detail that went into this record, the amount of passion [and] emotion from her and the team. Every song was a story towards the 'Born This Way' theme. We're excited now, putting that into the tour and expressing that on a live performance level." In comparison to her previous tour, Garibay affirmed that the shows of the Born This Way Ball would be more "exaggerated". A promotional poster of
23004-607: The artist management division of Live Nation Entertainment . She briefly appeared in Rodriguez's Sin City: A Dame to Kill For , and was confirmed as Versace 's spring-summer 2014 ambassador with a campaign called "Lady Gaga For Versace". In September 2014, Gaga released a collaborative jazz album with Tony Bennett titled Cheek to Cheek . The inspiration behind the album came from her friendship with Bennett, and fascination with jazz music since her childhood. He stated that Gaga
23217-426: The audience" with what he described as "innovative and breathtaking stage installations and ideas" during the performance. Writing for the same publication, Emma Kalka complemented Gaga's wardrobe, and cited several segments, such as her "Americano" performance, as highlights of the concert. To Kwaak Je-yup of The Korea Times , the performance demonstrated Gaga's abilities as a performing artist, stating: "Friday night
23430-551: The award for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album. After an appearance in the television special Friends: The Reunion , in which Gaga sang " Smelly Cat " with Lisa Kudrow , she portrayed Patrizia Reggiani , who was convicted of hiring a hitman to murder her ex-husband and former head of the Gucci fashion house Maurizio Gucci (played by Adam Driver ), in Ridley Scott 's biographical crime film titled House of Gucci . For
23643-585: The blood-soaked theme during The Monster Ball Tour, causing protests in England from family groups and fans in the aftermath of the Cumbria shootings , in which a taxi driver had killed 12 people, then himself. At the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards , Gaga appeared in drag as her male alter ego , Jo Calderone, and delivered a lovesick monologue before a performance of her song "You and I". As Gaga's choreographer and creative director, Laurieann Gibson provided material for her shows and videos for four years before she
23856-523: The brothers William and Robert Vertue 's Henry VII Chapel ( c. 1503 –1512) at Westminster Abbey . Perpendicular is sometimes called Third Pointed and was employed over three centuries; the fan-vaulted staircase at Christ Church, Oxford built around 1640. Lacey patterns of tracery continued to characterize continental Gothic building, with very elaborate and articulated vaulting, as at Saint Barbara's, Kutná Hora (1512). In certain areas, Gothic architecture continued to be employed until
24069-699: The capital of the medieval kingdom of Armenia concluded to have discovered the oldest Gothic arch. According to these historians, the architecture of the Saint Hripsime Church near the Armenian religious seat Etchmiadzin was built in the fourth century A.D. and was repaired in 618. The cathedral of Ani was built in 980–1012 A.D. However many of the elements of Islamic and Armenian architecture that have been cited as influences on Gothic architecture also appeared in Late Roman and Byzantine architecture,
24282-428: The cathedral at Metz ( c .1235–). In High Gothic, the whole surface of the clerestory was given over to windows. At Chartres Cathedral, plate tracery was used for the rose window, but at Reims the bar-tracery was free-standing. Lancet windows were supplanted by multiple lights separated by geometrical bar-tracery. Tracery of this kind distinguishes Middle Pointed style from the simpler First Pointed . Inside,
24495-507: The cathedrals at Lichfield (after 1257–) and Exeter (1275–), Bath Abbey (1298–), and the retro choir at Wells Cathedral ( c .1320–). The Rayonnant developed its second 'international style' with increasingly autonomous and sharp-edged tracery mouldings apparent in the cathedral at Clermont-Ferrand (1248–), the papal collegiate church at Troyes , Saint-Urbain (1262–), and the west façade of Strasbourg Cathedral (1276–1439)). By 1300, there were examples influenced by Strasbourg in
24708-517: The cathedrals of Limoges (1273–), Regensburg ( c . 1275–), and in the cathedral nave at York (1292–). Central Europe began to lead the emergence of a new, international flamboyant style with the construction of a new cathedral at Prague (1344–) under the direction of Peter Parler . This model of rich and variegated tracery and intricate reticulated rib-vaulting was definitive in the Late Gothic of continental Europe, emulated not only by
24921-399: The charts in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, Switzerland and the UK. As of June 2019, the soundtrack had sold over six million copies worldwide. The album won Gaga four Grammy Awards— Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media and Best Pop Duo/Group Performance and Best Song Written for Visual Media for "Shallow", as well as the latter category for " I'll Never Love Again "—and
25134-461: The city of Bangkok when she tweeted : "I just landed in Bangkok baby! Ready for 50,000 screaming Thai monsters. I wanna get lost in a lady market and buy fake Rolex ." Several of Gaga's fans felt that the tweet was racist and viewed it as a negative stereotype . The following month, weeks after her concert in Thailand, several members of the country filed a public lawsuit against Gaga for misuse of
25347-546: The classical columns he had seen in Rome. In addition, he installed a circular rose window over the portal on the façade. These also became a common feature of Gothic cathedrals. Some elements of Gothic style appeared very early in England. Durham Cathedral was the first cathedral to employ a rib vault, built between 1093 and 1104. The first cathedral built entirely in the new style was Sens Cathedral , begun between 1135 and 1140 and consecrated in 1160. Sens Cathedral features
25560-552: The cloisters and chapter-house ( c. 1332 ) of Old St Paul's Cathedral in London by William de Ramsey . The chancel of Gloucester Cathedral ( c. 1337 –1357) and its latter 14th century cloisters are early examples. Four-centred arches were often used, and lierne vaults seen in early buildings were developed into fan vaults, first at the latter 14th century chapter-house of Hereford Cathedral (demolished 1769) and cloisters at Gloucester, and then at Reginald Ely 's King's College Chapel, Cambridge (1446–1461) and
25773-637: The collegiate churches and cathedrals, but by urban parish churches which rivalled them in size and magnificence. The minster at Ulm and other parish churches like the Heilig-Kreuz-Münster at Schwäbisch Gmünd ( c .1320–), St Barbara's Church at Kutná Hora (1389–), and the Heilig-Geist-Kirche (1407–) and St Martin's Church ( c .1385–) in Landshut are typical. Use of ogees was especially common. The flamboyant style
25986-719: The competition. Work began that same year, but in 1178 William was badly injured by falling from the scaffolding, and returned to France, where he died. His work was continued by William the Englishman who replaced his French namesake in 1178. The resulting structure of the choir of Canterbury Cathedral is considered the first work of Early English Gothic . The cathedral churches of Worcester (1175–), Wells ( c .1180–), Lincoln (1192–), and Salisbury (1220–) are all, with Canterbury, major examples. Tiercerons – decorative vaulting ribs – seem first to have been used in vaulting at Lincoln Cathedral, installed c .1200. Instead of
26199-439: The concert's interludes, tying-in with the dark, operatic themes. The show began with "Highway Unicorn (Road to Love)", featuring an extended intro in which Gaga performed atop a manually-operated "horse" puppet built exclusively by The Jim Henson Company . After the opening number, the stage went dark and spotlights were shone across the stage with a helicopter sound being played. The audience then heard "Mother G.O.A.T." speak for
26412-638: The continual reinvention "liberating", which she has been drawn to since childhood. Gaga combines a variety of music genres, particularly incorporating elements of rock into her pop and dance music. She has also branched out into jazz and other non-pop musical genres. Gaga's voice has been classified as a contralto , with a range spanning from B ♭ 2 to B 5 . She has changed her vocal style regularly, and deemed Born This Way "much more vocally up to par with what I've always been capable of". In summing up her voice, Entertainment Weekly wrote: "There's an immense emotional intelligence behind
26625-540: The core of the listener." On Chromatica , Gaga returned to her dance-pop roots, and discussed her struggles with mental health. Her second jazz album, Love for Sale , consists of a tribute to Cole Porter . Harlequin was inspired by Gaga's role in Joker: Folie à Deux , and expands on her venture into jazz music. Featuring constant costume changes and provocative visuals, Gaga's music videos are often described as short films. The video for "Telephone" earned Gaga
26838-591: The coverage of stained glass windows such that the walls are effectively entirely glazed; examples are the nave of Saint-Denis (1231–) and the royal chapel of Louis IX of France on the Île de la Cité in the Seine – the Sainte-Chapelle ( c .1241–1248). The high and thin walls of French Rayonnant Gothic allowed by the flying buttresses enabled increasingly ambitious expanses of glass and decorated tracery, reinforced with ironwork. Shortly after Saint-Denis, in
27051-622: The documentary The Hunting Ground , which earned them the Satellite Award for Best Original Song and an Academy Award nomination in the same category . Gaga won Billboard Woman of the Year and Contemporary Icon Award at the 2015 Annual Songwriters Hall of Fame Awards. Gaga had spent much of her early life wanting to be an actress, and achieved her goal when she starred in American Horror Story: Hotel . Running from October 2015 to January 2016, Hotel
27264-549: The east end of the church, which typically had a half-dome. The lantern tower was another common feature in Norman Gothic. One example of early Norman Gothic is Bayeux Cathedral (1060–1070) where the Romanesque cathedral nave and choir were rebuilt into the Gothic style. Lisieux Cathedral was begun in 1170. Rouen Cathedral (begun 1185) was rebuilt from Romanesque to Gothic with distinct Norman features, including
27477-765: The effect of a long-term condition called fibromyalgia . In February 2018, it prompted Gaga to cancel the last ten shows of the Joanne World Tour, which ultimately grossed $ 95 million from 842,000 tickets sold. In March 2018, Gaga supported the March for Our Lives gun-control rally in Washington, D.C., and released a cover of Elton John's " Your Song " for his tribute album Revamp . Later that year, she starred as struggling singer Ally in Bradley Cooper 's musical romantic drama A Star Is Born ,
27690-707: The engagement in February 2019. Gaga signed a concert residency , named Lady Gaga Enigma + Jazz & Piano , to perform at the MGM Park Theater in Las Vegas . The residency consists of two types of shows: Enigma, which focused on theatricality and included Gaga's biggest hits, and Jazz & Piano, which involved tracks from the Great American Songbook and stripped-down versions of Gaga's songs. The Enigma show opened in December 2018 and
27903-482: The entertainment industry, she is an influential figure in popular music and regarded as a pop icon . After signing with Interscope Records in 2007, Gaga achieved global recognition with her debut studio album, The Fame (2008), and its reissue The Fame Monster (2009). The project scored a string of successful singles, including " Just Dance ", " Poker Face ", " Bad Romance ", " Telephone ", and " Alejandro ". Gaga's five succeeding studio albums all debuted atop
28116-464: The fastest selling single on iTunes . It debuted atop the Billboard Hot 100 , becoming the 1,000th number-one single in the history of the charts. Its second single " Judas " followed two months later, and " The Edge of Glory " served as its third single. Both reached the top 10 in the US and the UK. Her music video for "The Edge of Glory", unlike her previous work, portrays her dancing on
28329-534: The façades of Sainte-Chapelle de Vincennes (1370s) and choir Mont-Saint-Michel 's abbey church (1448). In England, ornamental rib-vaulting and tracery of Decorated Gothic co-existed with, and then gave way to, the perpendicular style from the 1320s, with straightened, orthogonal tracery topped with fan-vaulting . Perpendicular Gothic was unknown in continental Europe and unlike earlier styles had no equivalent in Scotland or Ireland. It first appeared in
28542-457: The fifth season of the show ultimately influenced her future music, prompting her to feature "the art of darkness". In September 2016, she released her fifth album's lead single, " Perfect Illusion ", which topped the charts in France and reached number 15 in the US. The album, titled Joanne , was named after Gaga's late aunt, who was an inspiration for the music. It was released on October 21, 2016, and became Gaga's fourth number one album on
28755-526: The first buildings to systematically combine rib vaulting, buttresses, and pointed arches. Most of the characteristics of later Early English were already present in the lower chevet of Saint-Denis. The Duchy of Normandy , part of the Angevin Empire until the 13th century, developed its own version of Gothic. One of these was the Norman chevet , a small apse or chapel attached to the choir at
28968-529: The first person to call her "Lady Gaga", which was derived from Queen 's song " Radio Ga Ga ". According to his account, the name was coined when on one occasion he attempted to call her "Radio Ga Ga" via text message, but the spell check converted the word "Radio" to "Lady". Their relationship lasted until January 2007. Fusari and Gaga established a company called "Team Lovechild, LLC" to promote her career. They recorded and produced electropop tracks, sending them to music industry executives. Joshua Sarubin,
29181-477: The first time, stating that "alien fugitive Lady Gaga has escaped", and that "Operation: Kill the Bitch" was in order. Gaga appeared in an alien-like costume for " Government Hooker ", in which she pretended to seduce a dancer, dressed in a suit, before "killing" him and leaving the stage. Gaga's dancers then re-enacted the "birth" scene of " Born This Way ", as Gaga groaned and simulated being in labor , before exiting
29394-525: The first two of the three Auckland shows were sold-out. In response to positive ticket sales in New Zealand and Australia, nine additional concerts were scheduled as part of the Asia-Pacific leg. In Hong Kong, an estimated 6,000 presale tickets became available on February 24 for two originally scheduled shows; these were sold-out within three hours, prompting Live Nation to add three more dates (for
29607-453: The first woman to win an Academy Award , BAFTA Award , Golden Globe Award , and Grammy Award in one year. Gaga returned to dance-pop with her sixth studio album, Chromatica (2020), which yielded the number-one single " Rain on Me ", and released her second and final collaborative album with Bennett, Love for Sale (2021). She followed this with starring roles in the films House of Gucci (2021) and Joker: Folie à Deux (2024), and
29820-503: The front and back side of the façade. The new High Gothic churches competed to be the tallest, with increasingly ambitious structures lifting the vault yet higher. Chartres Cathedral's height of 38 m (125 ft) was exceeded by Beauvais Cathedral's 48 m (157 ft), but on account of the latter's collapse in 1248, no further attempt was made to build higher. Attention turned from achieving greater height to creating more awe-inspiring decoration. Rayonnant Gothic maximized
30033-444: The greatest living musical performers" by Rolling Stone , Gaga has called herself a perfectionist when it comes to her elaborate shows. Her performances have been described as "highly entertaining and innovative"; the blood-spurting performance of "Paparazzi" at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards was described as "eye-popping" by MTV News and ranked among the best MTV VMA performances of all time by various publications. She continued
30246-555: The head of Artists and repertoire (A&R) at Def Jam Recordings , responded positively and, after approval from Sarubin's boss Antonio "L.A." Reid , Gaga was signed to Def Jam in September 2006. She was dropped from the label three months later and returned to her family home for Christmas. Gaga began performing at neo-burlesque shows, and said these represented freedom to her. During this time, she met performance artist Lady Starlight , who helped mold her onstage persona. The pair began performing at downtown club venues like
30459-511: The headlining act during the Super Bowl LI halftime show on February 5, 2017. Her performance featured a group of hundreds of lighted drones forming various shapes in the sky above Houston's NRG Stadium —the first time robotic aircraft appeared in a Super Bowl program. It attracted 117.5 million viewers in the United States, exceeding the game's 111.3 million viewers and making it the third most-watched Super Bowl halftime show at
30672-748: The highest grossing female artist touring in 2022. Gaga was appointed as co-chair of the President's Committee on the Arts and Humanities by President Joe Biden in April 2023, and collaborated with the Rolling Stones on the song " Sweet Sounds of Heaven ", also featuring Stevie Wonder , from their album Hackney Diamonds that year. Gaga was the featured artist for season two of the online video game Fortnite spin-off, Fortnite Festival , which ran from February to April 2024. She became engaged to entrepreneur Michael Polansky that April, four years after they began dating. In July, she performed
30885-489: The highest level"; Stephanie Zacharek of Time magazine similarly highlighted her "knockout performance" and found her to be "charismatic" without her usual makeup, wigs and costumes. For the role, Gaga won the National Board of Review and Critics' Choice awards for Best Actress, in addition to receiving nominations for the Academy Award , Golden Globe Award , Screen Actors Guild Award and BAFTA Award for Best Actress. Gaga and Cooper co-wrote and produced most of
31098-513: The jazz genre. Joanne , exploring the genres of country, funk, pop, dance, rock, electronic music and folk, was influenced by her personal life. The A Star Is Born soundtrack contains elements of blues rock , country and bubblegum pop . Billboard commented that its lyrics are about wanting change, its struggle, love, romance, and bonding, describing the music as "timeless, emotional, gritty and earnest. They sound like songs written by artists who, quite frankly, are supremely messed up but hit to
31311-439: The keys like this because I was too young and short to get all the way up there. Just go like this on the low end of the piano ... I was really, really good at piano, so my first instincts were to work so hard at practicing piano, and I might not have been a natural dancer, but I am a natural musician. That is the thing that I believe I am the greatest at. In 2003, Gaga gained early admission to Collaborative Arts Project 21 ,
31524-407: The latter was 2010's second bestselling album. Its success allowed Gaga to start her second worldwide concert tour, The Monster Ball Tour , and release The Remix , her final record with Cherrytree Records and among the bestselling remix albums of all time . The Monster Ball Tour ran from November 2009 to May 2011 and grossed $ 227.4 million, making it the highest-grossing concert tour for
31737-570: The man who discovered her. Having served as an apprentice songwriter during an internship at Famous Music Publishing, Gaga struck a music publishing deal with Sony/ATV . As a result, she was hired to write songs for Britney Spears , New Kids on the Block , Fergie , and the Pussycat Dolls . At Interscope, musician Akon was impressed with her singing abilities when she sang a reference vocal for one of his tracks in studio. Akon convinced Jimmy Iovine , chairman and CEO of Interscope Geffen A&M Records (a brother company for Def Jam), to form
31950-487: The most noticeable example being the pointed arch and flying buttress. The most notable example is the capitals, which are forerunners of the Gothic style and deviated from the Classical standards of ancient Greece and Rome with serpentine lines and naturalistic forms. Architecture "became a leading form of artistic expression during the late Middle Ages". Gothic architecture began in the earlier 12th century in northwest France and England and spread throughout Latin Europe in
32163-406: The music", adding that "the level of enthusiasm [of the fans] definitely seemed to peak early in the concert." Tickets for the tour brought tremendous commercial success across several Asian and Australian markets. Tickets for the Asia-Pacific leg of the Born This Way Ball became available on February 17, 2012, through Ticketek and Ticketmaster . Shortly after being made available, tickets for
32376-439: The name of the song during her concert. This set list is representative of the first show in Los Angeles. It does not represent all dates throughout the tour. Credits adapted from the tour's official program. Lady Gaga Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta (born March 28, 1986), known professionally as Lady Gaga , is an American singer, songwriter and actress. Known for her image reinventions and versatility across
32589-447: The nave was divided into by regular bays, each covered by a quadripartite rib vaults. Other characteristics of the High Gothic were the development of rose windows of greater size, using bar-tracery, higher and longer flying buttresses, which could reach up to the highest windows, and walls of sculpture illustrating biblical stories filling the façade and the fronts of the transept. Reims Cathedral had two thousand three hundred statues on
32802-442: The new Gothic style. Sens Cathedral was influential in its strongly vertical appearance and in its three-part elevation, typical of subsequent Gothic buildings, with a clerestory at the top supported by a triforium , all carried on high arcades of pointed arches. In the following decades flying buttresses began to be used, allowing the construction of lighter, higher walls. French Gothic churches were heavily influenced both by
33015-412: The new Italian style, because of the military campaign of Charles VIII to Naples and Milan (1494), and especially the campaigns of Louis XII and Francis I (1500–1505) to restore French control over Milan and Genoa. They brought back Italian paintings, sculpture and building plans, and, more importantly, Italian craftsmen and artists. The Cardinal Georges d'Amboise , chief minister of Louis XII, built
33228-426: The new palace begun by Emperor Charles V in Granada, within the Alhambra (1485–1550), inspired by Bramante and Raphael, but it was never completed. The first major Renaissance work in Spain was El Escorial , the monastery-palace built by Philip II of Spain . Under Henry VIII and Elizabeth I , England was largely isolated from architectural developments on the continent. The first classical building in England
33441-490: The new style were Burghley House (1550s–1580s) and Longleat , built by associates of Somerset. With those buildings, a new age of architecture began in England. Gothic architecture, usually churches or university buildings, continued to be built. Ireland was an island of Gothic architecture in the 17th and 18th centuries, with the construction of Derry Cathedral (completed 1633), Sligo Cathedral ( c. 1730 ), and Down Cathedral (1790–1818) are other examples. In
33654-425: The old Romanesque church with the rib vault in order to remove walls and to make more space for windows. He described the new ambulatory as "a circular ring of chapels, by virtue of which the whole church would shine with the wonderful and uninterrupted light of most luminous windows, pervading the interior beauty." To support the vaults he also introduced columns with capitals of carved vegetal designs, modelled upon
33867-501: The old mediaeval style, which they termed Gothic, as synonymous with every thing that was barbarous and rude, it may be sufficient to refer to the celebrated Treatise of Sir Henry Wotton , entitled The Elements of Architecture , ... printed in London so early as 1624. ... But it was a strange misapplication of the term to use it for the pointed style, in contradistinction to the circular, formerly called Saxon, now Norman, Romanesque, &c. These latter styles, like Lombardic , Italian, and
34080-415: The others, continued to use six-part rib vaults); and Beauvais Cathedral (1225–). In central Europe, the High Gothic style appeared in the Holy Roman Empire , first at Toul (1220–), whose Romanesque cathedral was rebuilt in the style of Reims Cathedral; then Trier 's Liebfrauenkirche parish church (1228–), and then throughout the Reich , beginning with the Elisabethkirche at Marburg (1235–) and
34293-441: The part, Gaga learned to speak with an Italian accent. She also stayed in character for 18 months, speaking with an accent for nine months during that period. Her method acting took a toll on her mental wellbeing, and towards the end of filming she had to be accompanied on-set by a psychiatric nurse . The film was released on November 24, 2021, to mixed reviews, though critics praised Gaga's performance as "note-perfect". She earned
34506-448: The period of the Ostrogothic Kingdom in Italy: There can be no doubt that the term 'Gothic' as applied to pointed styles of ecclesiastical architecture was used at first contemptuously, and in derision, by those who were ambitious to imitate and revive the Grecian orders of architecture, after the revival of classical literature. But, without citing many authorities, such as Christopher Wren , and others, who lent their aid in depreciating
34719-451: The production company also made an offer to fans who had bought tickets at their original prices, in which they could receive a second free ticket for the same show with a price-adjusted refund, or a full refund. To increase sales of the three concerts in Brazil , special offers were made, including a two-for-one special for standing-room-only sections, as well as a "ten-installments-with-no-interest" payment plan for tickets. In Chile , demand
34932-417: The project due to its portrayal of addiction and depression. A Star Is Born premiered at the 2018 Venice Film Festival , and was released worldwide that October. Gaga's performance was acclaimed by film critics, with Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian labeling the film "outrageously watchable" and stating that "Gaga's ability to be part ordinary person, part extraterrestrial celebrity empress functions at
35145-462: The record among " The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time " in 2020. Born This Way ' s following singles were " You and I " and " Marry the Night ", which reached numbers 6 and 29 in the US, respectively. Its cut, " Bloody Mary ", became a resurgent success and was released as a single in 2022. While filming the "You and I" music video, Gaga met and started dating actor Taylor Kinney in July 2011, who played her love interest. She also embarked on
35358-415: The release of Cheek to Cheek and the attention she received for her performance at the 87th Academy Awards , where she sang a medley of songs from The Sound of Music in a tribute to Julie Andrews . Considered one of her best performances by Billboard , it triggered more than 214,000 interactions per minute globally on Facebook. She and Diane Warren co-wrote the song " Til It Happens to You " for
35571-496: The right hip caused by strenuous repetitive movements involved in the shows. The singer went through surgery to fix the damage caused. Upon the release of " Judas ", the second single from Born This Way , Lady Gaga confirmed in an interview that she would embark on a concert tour in 2012, in which she would visit Latin American countries for the first time, like Brazil, Chile and Colombia, and would be returning to Mexico. In November 2011, producer DJ White Shadow asserted that Gaga
35784-437: The second quarter of the 19th century, neo-Gothic began to become promoted by influential establishment figures as the preferred style for ecclesiastical, civic and institutional architecture. The appeal of this Gothic revival (which after 1837, in Britain, is sometimes termed Victorian Gothic ), gradually widened to encompass "low church" as well as "high church" clients. This period of more universal appeal, spanning 1855–1885,
35997-415: The sequel to his 2019 film Joker . It premiered at the 81st Venice International Film Festival , and was released theatrically in October 2024. While the film received negative reviews, Gaga's performance was met with a positive reception, with critics finding her to be underused. Songs she and Phoenix performed in the film were included on an accompanying soundtrack album . Gaga additionally produced
36210-410: The show was "An extravaganza in every sense" and will be "remembered as a benchmark tour." Simon Sweetman of New Zealand's Stuff.co.nz praised the tour's three nights in Auckland as the best pop concerts since Janet Jackson 's The Velvet Rope Tour (1998-99). South African publication The New Age gave Gaga's performance in Johannesburg five stars, stating that "Gaga's energy teamed with
36423-413: The slickness that she seems most herself". Regarding her performance at the O 2 World in Berlin, Berliner Morgenpost reported that "unlike Madonna, whose artificial spectacle you could experience at the same place, the younger rival is cheeky, fresh, uncompromising". Norwegian newspaper Verdens Gang gave it a mixed review, admiring her voice, but saying that "if we are going to talk about content, it
36636-430: The songs on the soundtrack for A Star Is Born , which she insisted they perform live in the film. Its lead single, " Shallow ", performed by the two, was released on September 27, 2018 and topped the charts in various countries including Australia, the UK and the US. The soundtrack contains 34 tracks, including 17 original songs, and received generally positive reviews; Mark Kennedy of The Washington Post called it
36849-649: The square courtyard of the Louvre Palace designed by Pierre Lescot . Nonetheless, new Gothic buildings, particularly churches, continued to be built. New Gothic churches built in Paris in this period included Saint-Merri (1520–1552) and Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois . The first signs of classicism in Paris churches did not appear until 1540, at Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais . The largest new church, Saint-Eustache (1532–1560), rivalled Notre-Dame in size, 105 m (344 ft) long, 44 m (144 ft) wide, and 35 m (115 ft) high. As construction of this church continued, elements of Renaissance decoration, including
37062-501: The stadium until Rihanna scheduled a date at the Stade de France on her Diamonds World Tour for June 2013. The high demand for tickets continued in Africa. When tickets went on sale for the two dates in South Africa, the ticket retailer Computicket's online ticketing servers crashed under the pressure from the high volume of fans trying to buy tickets to the concerts. Before the crash, some fans experienced extremely long waiting times in online queues, up to two hours, and at one point it
37275-418: The story of the Virgin Mary but also, in a small corner of each window, illustrating the crafts of the guilds who donated those windows. The model of Chartres was followed by a series of new cathedrals of unprecedented height and size. These were Reims Cathedral (begun 1211), where coronations of the kings of France took place; Amiens Cathedral (1220–1226); Bourges Cathedral (1195–1230) (which, unlike
37488-442: The system of classical orders of columns, were added to the design, making it a Gothic-Renaissance hybrid. In Germany, some Italian elements were introduced at the Fugger Chapel of St. Anne's Church, Augsburg , (1510–1512) combined with Gothic vaults; and others appeared in the Church of St. Michael in Munich, but in Germany Renaissance elements were used primarily for decoration. Some Renaissance elements also appeared in Spain, in
37701-410: The term Gothic was first applied contemptuously during the later Renaissance , by those ambitious to revive the architecture of classical antiquity . The defining design element of Gothic architecture is the pointed arch . The use of the pointed arch in turn led to the development of the pointed rib vault and flying buttresses , combined with elaborate tracery and stained glass windows. At
37914-418: The theatrics of the pop artist Andy Warhol and her own performance roots in musical theater. She has been compared to Madonna, who has said that she sees herself reflected in Gaga. Gaga has expressed her desire to revolutionize pop music the way Madonna did. Gaga has also cited heavy metal bands as an influence, specifically Iron Maiden , Black Sabbath and Marilyn Manson . She has credited Beyoncé as
38127-409: The tickets went on sale, including Sweden, Finland and Spain, where the Barcelona pre-sale fastly sold out; more than 22,000 people attended her outdoor concert in Bucharest, Romania. Both Russian dates sold out in hours. The biggest crowd on the tour was in Saint-Denis at the Stade de France on September 22, 2012, when Gaga, with 71,000 people in attendance, became the youngest artist to ever grace
38340-457: The time of your life." The stage was built over a period of several months, and was modeled after a medieval- gothic castle, featuring tall viewing towers, intricate carvings and a large catwalk to interact with the floor audience. The spectacle required at least 15 trailers to move the castle onto the stage, each one measuring nearly 53 feet (16.15 m) long. The area enclosed by the catwalk was described by Gaga as "The Monster Pit". "The Monster Pit
38553-432: The time. The performance led to a surge of 410,000 song downloads in the United States for Gaga and earned her an Emmy nomination in the Outstanding Special Class Program category. CBS Sports included her performance as the second best in the history of Super Bowl halftime shows. In April, Gaga headlined the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival . She also released a standalone single, " The Cure ", which reached
38766-419: The top 10 in Australia. Four months later, Gaga began the Joanne World Tour , which she announced after the Super Bowl LI halftime show. Gaga's creation of Joanne and preparation for her halftime show performance were featured in the documentary Gaga: Five Foot Two , which premiered on Netflix that September. Throughout the film, she was seen suffering from chronic pain , which was later revealed to be
38979-402: The tour additionally experienced strong ticket sales. By the time the final 21 dates of the tour had been canceled on February 13, the entire leg had been nearly sold out. Had the entire leg been completed, the tour would have topped $ 200 million in ticket sales. The cancellation of the last 21 dates resulted in refunds of over $ 25 million and 200,000 tickets. With more than twenty dates left, Gaga
39192-576: The tour as an "electro-metal pop-opera" and "the tale of the Beginning, the genesis of the Kingdom of Fame. How we were birthed and how we will die celebrating." Dance rehearsals were held for approximately one month. In February 2012, Gaga revealed that she would release visuals of the show's stage set via Twitter. The singer unveiled a sketch of the stage design, which was created by Gaga herself along with her creative team, Haus of Gaga. She tweeted: "I'm so excited. The Haus has been working so hard, we can't wait for you to see it!! Love you Little Monsters, have
39405-433: The tour was released on February 7, 2012, which was described by Billboard 's Ray Waddell as a "bizarre poster that portrays the ball as a campy, medieval-meets-the-80's kingdom." It features Gaga's face hovering over dark clouds looking down from the sky, and includes colors such as neon-purple and turquoise. She is also fused into a keytar , standing near her dancers in front of a medieval castle . The first leg for
39618-463: The video campaign for Valentino 's Voce Viva fragrance, singing a stripped-down version of Chromatica track " Sine from Above ", along with a group of models. During the inauguration of Joe Biden as the 46th President of the United States on January 20, 2021, Gaga sang the US national anthem. In February 2021, her dog walker Ryan Fischer was hospitalized after getting shot in Hollywood. Two of her French Bulldogs , Koji and Gustav, were taken while
39831-441: The walls connected by arches to the upper walls. The buttresses counterbalanced the outward thrust from the rib vaults. This allowed the builders to construct higher, thinner walls and larger windows. Following the destruction by fire of the choir of Canterbury Cathedral in 1174, a group of master builders was invited to propose plans for the reconstruction. The master-builder William of Sens , who had worked on Sens Cathedral, won
40044-408: The way she uses her voice. Almost never does she overwhelm a song with her vocal ability, recognizing instead that artistry is to be found in nuance rather than lung power." According to Evan Sawdey of PopMatters , Gaga managed "to get you moving and grooving at an almost effortless pace" with The Fame . Gaga has said that she believes "all good music can be played on a piano and still sound like
40257-461: The weeks prior to the tour, sketches of four costumes designed by Giorgio Armani were released to the press; Armani previously dressed Gaga for the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards , and later, on the Monster Ball Tour. Many other costumes on the tour were created by Donatella Versace . The show was set in and around a large medieval-style land and castle, dubbed the "Kingdom of Fame", which rotated and maneuvered throughout. A classical score accompanied
40470-429: Was "doing [work] for the next round of touring", adding that the singer's main objective in the following year was to continue preparing for the Born This Way Ball , as well as write new songs for her next studio album. Fernando Garibay , who began collaborating with Gaga on The Fame Monster (2009), felt that Born This Way was one of his most personal moments. He opined: "This album was the most personal [because of]
40683-405: Was "obvious Gaga believes in her message, you can feel it in her voice. [That] Behind all the lights, glitz, meat, guns and exploding bras is a singer of exceptional talent". Regarding her first show in Brisbane , the Brisbane Times gave it five stars, writing that it was "pure pop theatre", and that "the crowd was simply lost in the Gaga experience. Sean Sennet of The Australian commented that
40896-498: Was Gaga's third consecutive number-one album on the Billboard 200, and won a Grammy Award for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album . The duo recorded the concert special Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga: Cheek to Cheek Live! , and embarked on the Cheek to Cheek Tour from December 2014 to August 2015. In February 2015, Gaga became engaged to Taylor Kinney. After the lukewarm response to Artpop , Gaga began to reinvent her image and style. According to Billboard , this shift started with
41109-509: Was Lady Gaga at her best, fusing fashion and designs with great melodies and dance moves." A writer for MTV noted the elaborate visuals of the show with its "Gothic castle backdrop and myriad costume changes", concluding that it was "clear that Gaga has outdone even her own Monster Ball in terms of spectacle." Elizabeth Soh of Yahoo! gave a positive review of the Singapore concert, describing it as "at times shocking, raunchy, mellow and just plain bizarre." The New Zealand Herald felt that it
41322-407: Was also influenced by the necessity of many churches, such as Chartres Cathedral and Canterbury Cathedral , to accommodate growing numbers of pilgrims. It adapted features from earlier styles. According to Charles Texier (French historian, architect, and archaeologist) and Josef Strzygowski (Polish-Austrian art historian), after lengthy research and study of cathedrals in the medieval city of Ani ,
41535-448: Was characterised by the multiplication of the ribs of the vaults, with new purely decorative ribs, called tiercons and liernes, and additional diagonal ribs. One common ornament of flamboyant in France is the arc-en-accolade , an arch over a window topped by a pinnacle, which was itself topped with fleuron , and flanked by other pinnacles. Examples of French flamboyant building include the west façade of Rouen Cathedral , and especially
41748-427: Was comparatively higher than in the rest of South America; however, tickets for each respective date were not made immediately available. The production company then had to make additional special offers, two weeks before the show, including a two-for-one offer for standing-room-only sections, and reducing the prices for most of the tickets. In Peru , tickets were sold at their original prices. The North American leg of
41961-578: Was declared as Gaga's opening act for the Asian leg of the tour, while longtime collaborator Lady Starlight and British glam rock band The Darkness were approached as opening acts for the European portion of the tour. On their website, The Darkness stated that they were "honoured to announce their addition to the bill as main support for Lady Gaga's Born This Way Ball tour 2012." Dates for Latin America were announced on August 6, 2012, via Twitter . There were two initial dates in North America and four in South America, with more soon added. Gaga evaluated
42174-414: Was dominated by violent imagery and a borderline bullying attitude toward her longtime fans, Gaga continued to carry her trademark message of empowerment and self-love". Jeva Lange's review in Seattle Weekly of the Tacoma show echoed the praise given to the Vancouver shows, believing that "her voice, costumes, and lyrical honesty were not only completely unforgettable, they were inspiring". Rich Lopez from
42387-512: Was featured in a Thanksgiving television special titled A Very Gaga Thanksgiving , which attracted 5.7 million American viewers and spawned the release of her fourth EP, A Very Gaga Holiday . In 2012, Gaga guest-starred as an animated version of herself in an episode of The Simpsons called " Lisa Goes Gaga ", and released her first fragrance, Lady Gaga Fame , followed by a second one, Eau de Gaga , in 2014. Gaga began work on her third studio album, Artpop , in early 2012, during
42600-487: Was forced to cancel the remaining tour dates due to sustaining a hip injury that required surgery. With the dates of the tour that were successfully completed, Gaga grossed more than $ 160 million. The South Asian part of the tour was the subject of some controversy due to its denunciation by anti-LGBT activists. Gaga's support for LGBT rights , the supposed indecency of her shows, and religious content in her lyrics led some homophobic Christian and Muslim groups in South Korea,
42813-482: Was honored that April with the Artist Award at the Jane Ortner Education Awards by The Grammy Museum , which recognizes artists who have demonstrated passion and dedication to education through the arts. Her engagement to Taylor Kinney ended in July; she later said her career had interfered with their relationship. Gaga played a witch named Scathach in American Horror Story: Roanoke , the series' sixth season, which ran from September to November 2016. Her role in
43026-412: Was nominated for Best Original Song. The track also earned Gaga her third win for Best Original Song at the Satellite Awards . In July 2022, she embarked on The Chromatica Ball stadium tour, which concluded that September. It grossed $ 112.4 million from 834,000 tickets sold throughout twenty dates and produced an HBO concert special titled Gaga Chromatica Ball . By the end of the year, she became
43239-495: Was not owed to the Goths but to the Islamic Golden Age . He wrote: This we now call the Gothic manner of architecture (so the Italians called what was not after the Roman style) though the Goths were rather destroyers than builders; I think it should with more reason be called the Saracen style, for these people wanted neither arts nor learning: and after we in the west lost both, we borrowed again from them, out of their Arabic books, what they with great diligence had translated from
43452-563: Was one of five people charged in connection with the shooting and theft. In December 2022, James Howard Jackson, the man who shot Fischer, was sentenced to 21 years in prison. In April 2021, Gaga teamed up with Champagne brand Dom Pérignon , and appeared in an ad shot by Nick Knight. On September 3, she released her third remix album, Dawn of Chromatica . This was followed by her second collaborative album with Tony Bennett, titled Love for Sale , on September 30. The record received generally favorable reviews, and debuted at number eight in
43665-455: Was released as the third single in March 2014 and peaked at number 76 in the US. Gaga hosted an episode of Saturday Night Live in November 2013. After holding her second Thanksgiving Day television special on ABC , Lady Gaga and the Muppets Holiday Spectacular , she performed a special rendition of "Do What U Want" with Christina Aguilera on the fifth season of the American reality talent show The Voice . In March 2014, Gaga had
43878-460: Was released later that month, topping the charts in Hungary and reaching number 13 in the US. Artpop was released on November 6, 2013, to mixed reviews. Helen Brown of The Daily Telegraph criticized Gaga for making another album about her fame and doubted the record's originality, but found it "great for dancing". The album debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart, and sold more than 2.5 million copies worldwide as of July 2014. " G.U.Y. "
44091-479: Was replaced by her assistant Richard Jackson in 2014. In an October 2018 article for Billboard , Rebecca Schiller traced back Gaga's videography from "Just Dance" to the release of A Star Is Born . Schiller noted that following the Artpop era, Gaga's stripped-down approach to music was reflected in the clips for the singles from Joanne , taking the example of the music video of lead single "Perfect Illusion" where she eschewed "the elaborate outfits for shorts and
44304-558: Was reported that over 26,000 people were still waiting to purchase tickets online. As a result, Computicket decided to cease online ticket sale until the following morning. Despite the worldwide commercial success of the tour, it was not very well-received by the South American market, largely due to ticketing and pricing issues, as well as availability. In Colombia , for example, some tickets were sold at half of their original price to increase total sales, generating widespread criticism from fans who had bought tickets at their original prices;
44517-399: Was swiftly rebuilt in the new style, with contributions from King Philip II of France , Pope Celestine III , local gentry, merchants, craftsmen, and Richard the Lionheart , king of England. The builders simplified the elevation used at Notre Dame, eliminated the tribune galleries, and used flying buttresses to support the upper walls. The walls were filled with stained glass, mainly depicting
44730-455: Was the Old Somerset House in London (1547–1552) (since demolished), built by Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset , who was regent as Lord Protector for Edward VI until the young king came of age in 1547. Somerset's successor, John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland , sent the architectural scholar John Shute to Italy to study the style. Shute published the first book in English on classical architecture in 1570. The first English houses in
44943-466: Was there was blown away. You just had to be there to see how impressive it was". The Born This Way Ball was labelled as the "best show of the year" and "one of the most amazing events in years in Lithuania" by Lithuanian publication ATN. Neil McCormick of The Daily Telegraph awarded the Born This Way Ball in Helsinki four stars, writing that the show "is quite spectacular... and quite spectacularly bonkers", mentioning that Gaga "occupies pole position as
45156-400: Was well received by critics who praised the stage design, Gaga's vocal abilities and different expressive messages. On February 13, 2013, after already announcing the postponement of shows in Chicago, Detroit, and Hamilton two days earlier due to an injury, Live Nation and Lady Gaga announced the cancellation of the remaining concert dates due to the singer's development of a labral tear of
45369-412: Was widespread and proved difficult to defeat. Vasari was echoed in the 16th century by François Rabelais , who referred to Goths and Ostrogoths ( Gotz and Ostrogotz ). The polymath architect Christopher Wren disapproved of the name Gothic for pointed architecture. He compared it to Islamic architecture , which he called the ' Saracen style', pointing out that the pointed arch's sophistication
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