The Bavarian Maximilian Railway ( German : Bayerische Maximiliansbahn ) was as an east–west line built between the Bavarian border with Württemberg at Neu-Ulm in the west via Augsburg , Munich and Rosenheim to the Austrian border at Kufstein and Salzburg in the east as part of the Royal Bavarian State Railways . The Munich–Augsburg section of the line had already been built by the Munich-Augsburg Railway Company and opened in 1840. The line was named after the reigning King of Bavaria from 1848 to 1864 Maximilian II .
17-633: Relatively late for a German state , Bavaria decided in around 1851 to complete its major rail links by building an east–west rail link between the German states and Italy via the Brenner railway and via Salzburg to Vienna and the Semmering railway . These lines were expected to be well used, particularly for the connection to the Austrian Adriatic port of Trieste . Treaties agreed with
34-507: A member in 1817; merged with Grand Duchy of Hesse in 1866) 38. The Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (still a constitutive state of Germany) 39. The Free City of Frankfurt upon Main 40. The Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (still a constitutive state of Germany) 41. The Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck The four free cities were republics by constitution, while all the others were monarchies, some constitutional and some absolutist . Duchy of Zator The Duchy of Zator
51-744: The Duchy of Bukovina , and the kingdoms of Dalmatia and Galicia (but including, from 1818 till 1850, Duchy of Oświęcim and Duchy of Zator ) 2. The Kingdom of Prussia (excluding Posen , East Prussia and West Prussia ) 3. The Kingdom of Bavaria 4. The Kingdom of Hanover (in personal union with the United Kingdom until 1837) 5. The Kingdom of Saxony 6. The Kingdom of Württemberg 7. The Electorate of Hesse (also known as Hesse-Kassel) 8. The Grand Duchy of Baden 9. The Grand Duchy of Hesse (also known as Hesse-Darmstadt) 10. The Grand Duchy of Luxemburg (in personal union with
68-678: The Kingdom of Württemberg and with the Austrian Empire on 25 April 1850 and ratified in 1851. The route included, the existing line between Augsburg and Munich, completed by the former private Munich-Augsburg Railway Company in 1840. The line began at the Württemberg and Bavaria border in the middle of the newly built bridge over the Danube between Ulm and Neu-Ulm, and ran for about 85 km to Augsburg. In Ulm, it connected with
85-616: The United Kingdom of the Netherlands ; lost over half of its territory in the west to Belgium in the breakup of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1839, thereby resulting in the Duchy of Limburg becoming a member.) 11. The Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 12. The Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 13. The Grand Duchy of Oldenburg 14. The Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 15. The Duchy of Brunswick (prior Brunswick-Lunenburgian Principality of Wolfenbüttel ) 16. The Duchy of Holstein (in personal union with
102-728: The Württemberg Eastern railway to Stuttgart and the Southern railway to Friedrichshafen . From Munich, the line ran for over 106 km over the route now known as the Mangfall Valley line via Großhesselohe and Rosenheim to Kufstein , where it connected with the Austrian Lower Inn Valley line . The Salzburg line branched off in Rosenheim and ran for 83 km via Traunstein to
119-782: The German Confederation were member states of the German Confederation , from 20 June 1815 until 24 August 1866. On the whole, its territory nearly coincided with that remaining in the Holy Roman Empire at the outbreak of the French Revolution , with the notable exception of Belgium . Except for the two rival major powers, Austria and Prussia , and the western left bank of the Rhine (which France had annexed, with tiny Katzenelnbogen ),
136-468: The Kingdom of Denmark ) 23. The Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen 24. The Duchy of Anhalt-Bernburg (merged with Anhalt-Dessau in 1863) 25. The Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau (Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau-Köthen from 1853; Duchy of Anhalt from 1863) 26. The Duchy of Anhalt-Köthen (merged with Anhalt-Dessau in 1853) The Duchy of Schleswig was never a member state. But Schleswig was traditionally connected to
153-896: The Kingdom of Denmark ; not a former member of the Confederation of the Rhine) 17. The Duchy of Limburg (became a member in 1839 in personal union with the Netherlands as compensation for territorial losses in the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg that were caused by the breakup of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands .) 18. The Duchy of Nassau 19. The Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld ( Saxe-Coburg and Gotha from 1826) 20. The Duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg ( Saxe-Altenburg from 1826) 21. The Duchy of Saxe-Hildburghausen (dissolved in 1826; territory merged with Saxe-Meiningen ) 22. The Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg (in personal union with
170-520: The Zator territory in two along the Skawa river. After the death of Casimir II in 1490 however both parts of the duchy were reunited, and in 1494 Jan V as the last surviving brother became its sole ruler. As Jan himself had no heirs, he decided in the same year to sell the duchy to King John I Albert of Poland , under a guarantee that he would remain duke until his death. Jan was killed in 1513 and Zator
187-472: The border near Salzburg. Under a Bavarian law of 4 May 1851 work started on the western section. The 83.7 km long line opened in four sections: Construction of the eastern section was regulated by the Bavarian Law of 7 May 1852. The 188 km long line opened in five sections: The three years delay in continuing the line from Großhesselohe to Rosenheim was due to the complicated construction of
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#1732791393009204-1118: The duchies of Holstein and Lauenburg, which were member states. In 1848-51 (during the First Schleswig War ), it was treated by the German states and the short-lived German Empire as a kind of member. In 1864, the Danish king transferred the three duchies to Austria and Prussia (after the Second Schleswig War ). 27. The Principality of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (merged with Kingdom of Prussia in 1850) 28. The Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (merged with Kingdom of Prussia in 1850) 29. The Principality of Liechtenstein 30. The Principality of Lippe 31. The Principality of Reuss Junior Line 32. The Principality of Reuss Senior Line 33. The Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe 34. The Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt 35. The Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen 36. The Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont 37. The Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg (became
221-697: The former Duchy became part of the Habsburg monarchy after the First Partition of Poland in 1772. Though part of Austrian Galicia , Zator and Oświęcim from 1818 to 1866 belonged the German Confederation . Until 1918, the Emperor of Austria also called himself Duke of Zator as a part of his grand title . When the Second Polish Republic was established in 1918, even the ducal title ceased to exist. The Dukes of Zator belonged to
238-544: The great 300-metre bridge over the Isar valley there. The foundation work for the bridge foundations and its three 30-meter piers started in 1852. The heavy traffic on the first section led to building of a second track in 1862. From 1871, this section of the line lost its long-distance services after the opening of the shorter route via Grafing . States of the German Confederation The states of
255-616: The other member states (or their precursors) had been within Napoleon's Confederation of the Rhine . 1. The Austrian Empire , excluding the Kingdom of Hungary , the Principality of Transylvania , and the Kingdom of Croatia (all of which became parts of the apostolic kingdom of Hungary within the Danubian Dual Monarchy ), the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia (constituting parts lost to Italy in 1859- viz. 1866),
272-449: Was a Silesian duchy. It was split off the Duchy of Oświęcim , when after eleven years of joint rule the sons of Duke Casimir I in 1445 finally divided the lands among themselves, whereby his eldest son Wenceslaus received the territory around the town of Zator . The fragmentation of the duchy continued after Wenceslaus' death in 1468, when in 1474 his sons Casimir II and Wenceslaus II as well as Jan V and Władysław again divided
289-764: Was united with Poland. At the General sejm of 1564, King Sigismund II Augustus issued privileges of incorporation recognizing both Duchies of Oświęcim and Zator as part of the Polish Crown into the Silesian County of the Kraków Voivodeship , although the Polish kings retained both ducal titles and the name of the Duchy survived in the legal acts (it had however no special privileges). The lands of
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