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119-543: The Bay View Association of the United Methodist Church, known as Bay View, is an example of two uniquely American community forms: the Methodist camp meeting and the independent Chautauqua. Designed for the first purpose in 1876 as the county's only romantically-planned campground, and adapted for the second from 1885 to 1915, Bay View has remained in continuous operation since its foundation. Bay View

238-670: A Christian denomination. The camp meeting is a phenomenon of American frontier Christianity , as well as British Christianity , but with strong roots in traditional practices of the Presbyterian Church in Scotland and the United States. Scots and Scots-Irish predominated in many parts of the frontier at this time, and had brought their familiar Presbyterian communion season practices with them. Barton W. Stone and Alexander Campbell , two leading ministers of

357-462: A Methodist camp meeting in 1873 and now a beach resort town. Its temperance fountain remains. Old Orchard Beach, Maine , similarly became a seaside resort. Chautauqua Chautauqua ( / ʃ ə ˈ t ɔː k w ə / shə- TAW -kwə ) is an adult education and social movement in the United States that peaked in popularity in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Chautauqua assemblies expanded and spread throughout rural America until

476-866: A balanced program for the members of the assembly. For example, during the 1936 season at the Chautauqua Institution , in anticipation of that year's presidential election, visitors heard addresses by Franklin D. Roosevelt , Republican nominee Alf Landon , and two third-party candidates. A route taken by a troupe of Chautauqua entertainers, the May Valentine Opera Company, which presented Gilbert and Sullivan 's The Mikado during its 1925 "Summer Season", began on March 26 in Abbeville, Louisiana , and ended on September 6 in Sidney, Montana . The Chautauqua style of teaching

595-561: A big part of the Chautauqua experience. Although the movement was founded by Methodists , nondenominationalism was a Chautauqua principle from the beginning, and prominent Catholics like Catherine Doherty took part. In 1892, Lutheran theologian Theodore Emanuel Schmauk was one of the organizers of the Pennsylvania Chautauqua. Early religious expression in Chautauqua was usually of a general nature, comparable to

714-531: A campsite on the shores of Chautauqua Lake in the state of New York . Two years earlier, Vincent, editor of the Sunday School Journal , had begun to train Sunday school teachers in an outdoor summer school format. The gatherings grew in popularity. The organization Vincent and Miller founded later became known as the Chautauqua Institution . Many other independent Chautauquas were developed in

833-594: A century. In 1888, a comprehensive set of Education courses was offered. This School of Liberal Arts attracted college professors to teach the courses. A School of Elocution was part of the curriculum in that year. Guest Lecturers have been enhancing the summer experience for over one hundred years. In 1895, Jane Addams, leader of the settlement house movement, spoke on 'The Inception, Establishment, & Accomplishments of Chicago's Hull House'. She returned in 1903 to speak on her controversial stand on saloons and dancing. Helen Keller came to speak in 1913 on 'The Heart &

952-566: A civil rights and religious discrimination lawsuit against the Bay View Association in the U. S. District Court for the Western District of Michigan . In May 2019, mediation resulted in an agreement to resolve the controversy. The agreement was implemented on July 18, 2019 by a Consent Order from the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Michigan. There is no longer any religious requirement for membership in

1071-675: A community as this." The first Sunday School Congress, 1877, featured famous preachers and teachers including Rev. Jesse Lyman Hurlbut and Frank Beard, initiator of Chalk Talks . Inspirational lessons were taken from the "Course of Sabbath School Normal Lessons," developed at the Chautauqua Sunday School Conference. Horace Hitchcock took over the popular Bay View Sunday school in 1886. Donations from state Sunday Schools provided funds for building of Hitchcock Hall, dedicated in 1889. John H. Vincent sent Chautauqua congratulations. The Bay View Music Festival

1190-465: A consent decree, approved by the board on July 9, 2019, which removed that requirement. The Bay View Association has had other membership requirements. When the association was founded in 1875 there were no explicit requirements, but in 1942 the Bay View Board adopted the following resolution: "No person shall be accepted as a member of this association or be allowed to rent or lease property or

1309-549: A denomination of Conservative Anabaptist Christianity, holds its annual camp meeting at Roxbury Holiness Camp. Christianity • Protestantism Francis Asbury , the first bishop of the American Methodist Episcopal Church , was a staunch supporter of camp meetings. At Methodist camp meetings, which continue to occur today: ... both the Eucharist and Love Feast were celebrated. But

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1428-465: A few of the musicians to teach and perform at Bay View. The Fisk Jubilee Singers made four appearances as did other jubilee groups. The Williams' Jubilee Singers were the featured group to open the John M. Hall Auditorium in 1914. The festival has followed the national trends over the decades in featuring large choral works, classical music, devotional repertoire, chamber music, and recently has included

1547-442: A great success in their adaptation of the concept. The program was presented in tents pitched "on a well-drained field near town". After several days, the Chautauqua would fold its tents and move on. The method of organizing a series of touring Chautauquas is attributed to Vawter. Among early Redpath comedians was Boob Brasfield . Reactions to tent Chautauquas were mixed. In We Called it Culture , Victoria and Robert Case write of

1666-447: A marked characteristic of the camp meetings. Rough and irregular couplets or stanzas were concocted out of Scripture phrases and every-day speech, with liberal interspersing of Hallelujahs and refrains. Such ejaculatory hymns were frequently started by an excited auditor during the preaching, and taken up by the throng, until the meeting dissolved into a "singing-ecstasy" culminating in general hand-shaking. Sometimes they were given forth by

1785-499: A member of this Association provided that he or she is of the Caucasian race and of Christian persuasion." The two provisions Caucasian requirements were removed in 1959. From the 1960s through to the 1980s there was a quota on how many Catholics were allowed to be members. Membership of Catholics was not to exceed 10% of the total membership. Once the quota was met additional Catholics applicants were rejected. This quota requirement

1904-401: A mix of nearly 80 theatrical productions, recitals, chamber music concerts, choral performances, brass, woodwind and string instrument concerts and appearances by classical artists and famous jazz and popular individuals and groups. The Bay View Recreation program offers recreational activities for people of all ages and has always been a primary element of the Bay View Association. It is one of

2023-416: A more just conception of it, suppose so large a congregation assembled in the woods, ministers preaching day and night; the camp illuminated with candles, on trees, at wagons, and at the tent; persons falling down, and carried out of the crowd, by those next to them, and taken to some convenient place, where prayer is made for them, some Psalm or Hymn, suitable to the occasion, sung. If they speak, what they say

2142-661: A part of the Chautauqua experience in 1926, when the American Opera Company , an outgrowth of the Eastman School of Music , began touring the country. Under the direction of Russian tenor Vladimir Rosing , the AOC presented five operas in one week at the Chautauqua Amphitheater. By 1929, a permanent Chautauqua Opera company had been established. Chautauquas can be viewed in the context of

2261-490: A post office, beach with a swim area, children's pool and a sail house. The community is located on about 340 heavily wooded acres (140 ha), dropping in a series of terraces from a 200-foot elevation (61 m) to the shore of Little Traverse Bay . Residents lease the land under the cottages from the Association, which charges annual Chautauqua fees and taxes. Bay View is located in the U.S. state of Michigan . It

2380-668: A preacher, who had a sense of rhythm, under the excitement of his preaching and the agitation of his audience. Hymns were also composed more deliberately out of meeting, and taught to the people or lined out from the pulpit. Collections of camp meeting hymns were published, which served both to propagate tunes and texts that were commonly used, and to document the most commonly sung tunes and texts. Example hymnals include The Pilgrams' songster; or, A choice collection of spiritual songs (1828), The Camp-meeting Chorister (1830) and The Golden Harp (1857) Many of these songs were republished in shape note songbooks such as A Supplement to

2499-399: A railroad junction. "You're cheapening Chautauqua, breaking it down, replacing it with something what [ sic ] will have neither dignity nor permanence." In Vawter's scheme, each performer or group appeared on a particular day of the program. "First-day" talent would move on to other Chautauquas, followed by the "second-day" performers, and so on, throughout the touring season. By

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2618-472: A regular feature of Primitive Methodist life throughout the 19th century, and still survive today. The annual late May Bank Holiday weekend meetings at Cliff College are one example. A number of tents are set up around the site, each featuring a different preacher. The Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection holds its camp meetings annually at Methodist Camp in Stoneboro, Pennsylvania . Each conference of

2737-505: A result, number of cottages in the community soared, with 200 in 1887, 400 in 1895, and 500 in 1901. Many of these newcomers were from other, non-Methodist denominations, and many stayed all summer rather than for only a few weeks of the year. Hall writes of the transformation of Bay View from its camp meeting roots to a Chautauqua: "founded by Methodists, it is now by its organic law interdenominational in management and life. People of every denomination are there in large numbers and so beautiful

2856-460: A room, for longer than a period of one day, unless such person is of the white race and a Christian who must provide acceptable and good recommendations. This resolution does not apply to servants within a household or to employes[sic]". In 1947 the by-laws were revised to add "Any person twenty-one years of age and good moral character, by a two-thirds vote of the Board of Trustees, may be accepted as

2975-556: A seasonal program of religious, educational, cultural and recreational opportunities; And to provide a Christian perspective in a changing world. In July 2020, Bay View faced backlash from their community for perceived racist activity. Members in support of the Black Lives Matter movement wrote the names of Black victims of police brutality on sidewalks in Bay View as part of the "say their names" campaign. The President of

3094-519: A short distance outside an established town with good rail service . At the Chautauqua movement's height in the 1920s, several hundred of these existed, but their numbers have since dwindled. "Circuit Chautauquas" (or colloquially, "Tent Chautauquas") were an itinerant manifestation of the Chautauqua movement founded by Keith Vawter (a Redpath Lyceum Bureau manager) and Roy Ellison in 1904. Vawter and Ellison were unsuccessful in their initial attempts to commercialize Chautauqua, but by 1907 they had found

3213-513: A similar manner. The educational summer camp format proved popular for families and was widely copied by several Chautauquas. Within a decade, "Chautauqua assemblies" (or simply "Chautauquas"), named for the location in New York, sprang up in various North American locations. The Chautauqua movement beginning in the 1870s may be regarded as a successor to the Lyceum movement from the 1840s. As

3332-437: A tradition of music and hymn singing with strong oral, improvisatory, and spontaneous elements. Hymns were taught and learned by rote , and a spontaneous and improvisatory element was prized. Both tunes and words were created, changed, and adapted in true folk music fashion: Specialists in nineteenth-century American religious history describe camp meeting music as the creative product of participants who, when seized by

3451-543: A typical American gathering like this—a gathering that is typically American in that it is typical of America at its best." Several Chautauqua assemblies continue to gather to this day, including the original Chautauqua Institution in Chautauqua, New York . In 1874, Methodist Episcopal minister John Heyl Vincent and businessman Lewis Miller organized the New York Chautauqua Assembly at

3570-561: A wide variety of popular groups to appeal the variety of musical tastes. Theatrical production date back to the 1890s with road shows such as the Ben Greet Players and sporadic local productions. It became a regular feature of the Performing Arts Department when New York tenor Director Willard Pierce joined the music staff. Plays, musicals, children's productions, and opera productions are all featured on

3689-430: Is attended to, being very solemn and affecting – many are struck under such exhortations… Now suppose 20 of those groups around; some rejoicing, and great solemnity on every countenance, and you will form some imperfect idea of the extraordinary work! Indeed it is a miracle, that a wicked unthoughtful sinner, who never could, or did address himself, to an audience before, should, rise out of one of those fits and continue for

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3808-696: Is incorporated as a domestic nonprofit organization under Act 39 of the Public Acts of 1899, being MCL 455.51. Act 39 of the Public Acts of 1899 establishes Bay View as a body politic and corporate. The association was originally formed as part of the Methodist Camp Meeting movement and adopted a Chautauqua program in 1886. The association's grounds contain approximately 440 cottages and 30 community-owned buildings. There are two hotels on premises: Stafford's Bay View Inn (1886), and The Terrace Inn and 1911 Restaurant. Other facilities include

3927-506: Is located at Swift Field, centrally located in the community. Every Friday, an all-camp event is held for a large group activity such as the carnival, capture the flag, and the Ernie Gray Olympics. In the afternoon, activities move to the waterfront where children can participate in swimming, tennis, and sailing, including lessons in each activity. Weekend activities include tennis tournaments and sailing races. On Monday nights,

4046-567: Is located in Bear Creek Township , Emmet County on Little Traverse Bay and abuts the east side of the city of Petoskey along U.S. Highway 31 . The ZIP code is 49770 and the FIPS place code is 06260. The association is bounded by Little Traverse Bay on the north, Division Road on the east, Petoskey city limits on the west, and on the south by the south line of Township 35 North. The Bay View census-designated place (CDP) includes

4165-617: Is one of the longest running collegiate chamber music festivals in North America. It was begun in 1886 with the choir from Court Street Methodist Church from Flint, Michigan. The program grew rapidly led by respected musicians from conservatories in Detroit, Ann Arbor, and Chicago. The music program has been associated and accredited through Oberlin College , Cornell College , DePaul University , Albion College Alma College , and

4284-670: Is privately owned but affiliated with the United Methodist Church . In contrast, the Colorado Chautauqua is entirely nondenominational and mostly secular. In the 1890s, both Chautauqua and vaudeville were gaining popularity and establishing themselves as important forms of entertainment. While Chautauqua had its roots in Sunday school and valued morality and education highly, vaudeville grew out of minstrel shows , variety acts , and crude humor , and so

4403-569: Is the hospitality of ideas that another's specific church affiliations never occurs to one." In 1887, the Bay View Summer University opened. The University was associated with Albion College in 1919 until 1969. The Bay View Association was listed as a National Historic Landmark district in 1987 as "one of the finest remaining examples of two uniquely American community forms, the Methodist Camp Meeting and

4522-672: The Bible Methodist Connection of Churches owns land on which its camp meetings are held each year. The Primitive Methodist Church also has camp meetings in its districts. Many United Methodist churches also hold yearly camp meetings, such as the Shiloh United Methodist Church Camp Meeting, Northport Indian United Methodist Church and Trinity United Methodist Camp Meeting, for example. Many Free Methodist churches hold camp meetings every year, such as those that take place at

4641-755: The Harriseahead Methodists that their weeknight prayer meeting was too short. Bourne also saw these as an antidote to the general debauchery of the Wakes week in that part of the Staffordshire Potteries , one of the reasons why he continued organising camp meetings in spite of the opposition from the Wesleyan authorities. The pattern of the Primitive Methodist camp meeting was as a time of prayer and preaching from

4760-1032: The University of Michigan . Most noted among the directors in the festival's 132-year history is William Reddick and Howard Barlow . Concertmaster Max Bendix of the Theodore Thomas Orchestra in Chicago was the first of many violinists including Robert Mann , Mikhail Press , Leon Marx, concertmaster of the Chicago Opera Orchestra and Austrian violinist Hugo Gottesmann . Madame Schumann Heink , Gladys Swarthout , John Charles Thomas , Richard Crooks , James Melton , Jennie Tourel , Martha Lipton , Thomas L. Thomas , Walter Taussig , Etta Moten , Mildred Dilling , Ossip and Clara Gabrilovisch, Jerome Hines , Sherrill Milnes , Diane Bish , George Shirley , Boston Brass , Ara Berberian , Martina Arroyo , and Virginia Zeani , are

4879-526: The camp meeting movement which saw the development of similar resorts such as Wesleyan Grove on Martha's Vineyard, Ocean Grove, New Jersey , or Lakeside, Ohio . The group considered multiple locations, and eventually struck a deal with the citizens of Petoskey and the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad , where the Petoskey citizenry would pay to extend the railroad line from their town to Bay View,

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4998-572: The tabernacle . Camp meetings offered community, often singing and other music, sometimes dancing, and diversion from work. The practice was a major component of the Second Great Awakening , an evangelical movement promoted by Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian and other preachers in the early 19th century. Certain denominations took the lead in different geographic areas. As with brush arbor revivals and tent revivals , camp meetings today are often held annually at campgrounds owned by

5117-568: The 2018 American Experience speaker. Each year, Bay View initiates a 'Big Read' where a book is selected for all the surrounding communities to read. The author visits in July and holds a discussion on Bay View's campus. In 2017 the 'Big Read' was "Terror in the City of Champions – Murder, Baseball, and the Secret Society that Shocked Depression-era Detroit" by Tom Stanton. On August 7, 2018

5236-567: The 2nd Annual Meeting, the trustees were asked to amend the By Laws to add the Committee on Recreations to its list of standing Committees. By 1901, the Boys and Girls Club was established. In 1910, additional development expanded the waterfront program with the construction of Recreation Hall on the shoreline. The building contained a swimming pool and a 4-lane bowling alley. Long since removed,

5355-458: The Association or to buy a cottage. The Consent Order which ended the membership controversy did not restrict the religious program of the Association. As a Chautauqua , the Bay View Association conducts programming in the areas of religion, education, recreation, and the performing arts. The Association employs a Director of Worship and Religious Activities, conducts Sunday worship services, and presents lectures on religious subjects daily during

5474-442: The Bay View Association removed the requirement that members be of "Christian persuasion." Nearly 70 percent of Bay View members voted in favor of the amendment, which immediately went into effect. Membership in the Bay View Association is required to own a cottage in the community. That vote left in place a bylaw which required that five of the nine members of the resort's ruling board must be Methodist. A subsequent lawsuit resulted in

5593-451: The Bible. In the first camp meeting, four separate "preaching stations" had been set up by the afternoon, each with an audience, while in between others spent the time praying. From May 1807 to the establishing of Primitive Methodism as a denomination in 1811, a series of 17 camp meetings was held. There were a number of different venues beyond Mow Cop , including Norton-in-the-Moors during

5712-420: The Board of Trustees ordered the grounds crew to wash away the chalk, and sent an email to members threatening to fine those who chalked the sidewalk. This sparked divisive discourse within the association. Members asked the Board of Trustees to release a statement condemning racism, which the Board ultimately voted against in a 7 - 2 vote. Bay View Association , State of Michigan (archived), archived from

5831-567: The Chautauqua included groups like the Jubilee Singers , who sang a mix of spirituals and popular tunes, and singers and instrumental groups like American Quartette , who played popular music, ballads, and songs from the "old country". Entertainers on the Chautauqua circuit such as Charles Ross Taggart , billed as "The Man From Vermont" and "The Old Country Fiddler", played violin, sang, performed ventriloquism and comedy, and told tall tales about life in rural New England . Opera became

5950-453: The Chautauqua program. Contemporary publications regarded the magazine highly, and Mott writes, "its range of topics was indeed remarkable, and its list of contributors impressive". Flood stopped editing the magazine in 1899, and journalist Frank Chapin Bay, schooled by Chautauqua, took over; the magazine became less a general magazine and more the official organ of the organization. Lectures were

6069-726: The Chautauquas began to compete for the best performers and lecturers, lyceum bureaus assisted with bookings. Today, Lakeside Chautauqua and the Chautauqua Institution, the two largest Chautauquas, still draw thousands each summer season. Independent Chautauquas (or "daughter Chautauquas") operated at permanent facilities, usually fashioned after the Chautauqua Institute in New York, or at rented venues such as in an amusement park . Such Chautauquas were generally built in an attractive semirural location

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6188-580: The Church, such as during Christmastide . Sunday Sabbatarian principles were practiced, with swimming being forbidden on the Lord's Day , as well as the gates to the city being locked on that day. Ocean Grove "prohibited other activities deemed not consonant with Christian living--dancing, cardplaying, and the sale of liquor." On Sunday, 31 May 1807, the first Camp Meeting was held in England at Mow Cop . At

6307-726: The Hand; or the Right use of our senses'. Each year American Experience lecturers visit and speak on campus, as well as Faith lecturers as part of the Religion Program. Recent Lecturers include David Kennedy in 2016. Professor Kennedy, a Pulitzer Prize winner, presented a series of lectures on 'WWII and the World It Made'. Reverend Dr. Barbara Essex gave a series of 5 lectures in 2012. Dr. Akhil Reed Amar, Professor of Constitutional Law at Yale University lectured in 2012 and will be

6426-696: The Kentucky Harmony (1820), the Sacred Harp (1844), and dozens of other publications; they can typically be distinguished by the reuse and re-arrangement of certain lines of lyrics from other songs, re-set to a new melody and sometimes containing new lyrics. Many of these camp songs are also set in a " call and response " format, typically, every line of lyric is followed by the words " Glory Hallelujah !" (although this varies, and other phrases or combinations can be used as well), which allows for easy audience participation in their original format, as

6545-693: The Methodist Church led many of these camp meetings and established semi-permanent sites for summer seasons. Ocean Grove, New Jersey , founded in 1869, has been called the "Queen of the Victorian Methodist Camp Meetings." Similar areas include Cape May Point, New Jersey , with others in Maryland and New York. At the end of the nineteenth century, believers in Spiritualism also established camp meetings throughout

6664-779: The Tri-State Free Methodist Campground. In 1825, the Presbytery of Hopewell established a network of camp meetings. The Smyrna Presbyterian Church, a congregation of the Presbyterian Church (USA) continues to hold an annual camp meeting at its Camp Smyrna. The Red River Meeting House , belonging to the Cumberland Presbyterian Church , also has a yearly camp meeting. A number of camp meeting grounds have fallen into disuse or diverged from their original use and ownership. These include Rehoboth Beach, Delaware , founded as

6783-584: The United States, several camp meeting facilities were founded, many of which remain operational to this day. For example, the Balls Creek Campground is a popular Methodist camp meeting that was formed in 1853. In 1869, the Ocean Grove Camp-Meeting Association was founded, running a popular Methodist camp meeting at Ocean Grove, New Jersey . Methodists flocked to the area, especially around major feasts of

6902-415: The United States. Camp meetings in the United States continued to be conducted on a wide scale for many years . Some are still held in the 21st century, primarily by Methodist (including churches affiliated with the holiness movement ) and Pentecostal groups, as well as other Protestants , such as Baptists and Presbyterians . Some scholars consider the revival meeting a form that arose to recreate

7021-697: The Wakes in 1807 (Bourne's target venue), and Ramsor in 1808. After Bourne and a significant number of his colleagues, including the Standley Methodist Society, had been put out of membership of the Burslem Wesleyan Circuit , they formed a group known as the Camp Meeting Methodists until 1811. That year they joined with the followers of William Clowes , known as the "Clowesites". Camp meetings were

7140-578: The annual schedule. Today, the Bay View Music Festival offers approximately 180 students scholarships for coaching and teaching chamber music, vocal performance, collaborative piano, opera, musical theater taught by over 40 faculty members. An annual hand bell concert features directors and professionals from all over the US. A special opera seminar is offered in June. The 10-week program includes

7259-408: The area of the original paths which the wagons would encircle. The area is also known as Tiny Town because of the small size of the original cottages. In the aftermath of the American Civil War , such evangelical camp meetings gained wide recognition and a substantial increase in popularity as a result of a holiness movement camp meeting in Vineland, New Jersey in 1867. In the mid-Atlantic states,

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7378-417: The assistance of circuit preachers began a series of camp meetings in the surrounding area. One such meeting, first being held out of the home of a local family, has met annually in Hollow Rock Run since it was formally organized as a Methodist camp in 1818 while continuing to use the family's farm land. In 1875 at the urging of prominent clergy and members, the camp meeting became interdenominational through

7497-487: The association grounds and additional areas east of Division Road. As of the 2010 census the population of the CDP was 133, due to the inclusion of an area outside of the association grounds in the CDP. Nearly all the structures in the community were built in the 1875–1900 time period. Most buildings are Eastlake and Stick style , with some Queen Anne and Shingle style architecture . Cottages are set on 50-foot lots (15 m) along gently curving streets running along

7616-473: The audience can call back the response even if they do not know the lyrics of the song itself. For example, the tune " Antioch 277" from the Sacred Harp reads: I know that my Redeemer lives, Glory, Hallelujah! What comfort this sweet sentence gives, Glory Hallelujah! Shout on, pray on, we're gaining ground, Glory Hallelujah! The dead's alive and the lost is found, Glory Hallelujah! (F.C. Wood, 1850) The 20th-century American composer Charles Ives used

7735-466: The building now houses the "Rec Club" teen center and the boathouse. In the early 1920s, what would become Swift Field was developed. Since its dedication in 1924, it has been the central location for land-based recreational activities for youth, including baseball, archery, tetherball, badminton, and ping-pong. In 1955, the Boys and Girls Clubhouse was erected at Swift Field. The Boys & Girls Club evolved during this time and came to its modern form under

7854-417: The camp meeting phenomenon as a metaphysical basis for his Symphony No. 3 (Ives) . He incorporated hymn tunes and American Civil War-era popular songs (which are closely related to camp meeting songs) as part of the symphony's musical material. The piece was not premiered until 1946, almost 40 years after its composition, and the symphony was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1947. The Dunkard Brethren Church ,

7973-403: The community), a beach, a children's pool, a teen center, a fitness trail, lawn bowling, shuffleboard, and croquet courts. There are also 167 acres of pristine woods with trails along with multiple parks and open spaces around the community grounds. In 2020, Bay View enhanced its waterfront with a 125-foot extension to its pier. This was a multimillion dollar project aimed at increasing safety for

8092-439: The congregation of Mr. Stone. – This was the largest meeting of any that I have ever seen: It continued from Friday till Wednesday. About 12,000 persons, 125 waggons, 8 carriages, 900 communicants, 300 were struck. Patterson tried, "as well as I am able", to describe the emotion. Of all ages, from 8 years and upwards; male and female; rich and poor; the blacks; and of every denomination; those in favour of it, as well as those, at

8211-544: The direction of Ernie Gray. Activities were organized for children, ages 3–14. Swimming lessons, sailing, and tennis were also incorporated into the afternoon programming. Education has been an important part of the Chautauqua movement, beginning with the New York Chautauqua Institution then spreading to Bay View Association and other Midwest Chautauquas. Bay View offered more than sixty classes in 2017 including art, literature, history, reading circles, and culinary classes. Education classes have been offered in Bay View for over

8330-572: The dominant religious culture." These sorts of meetings contributed greatly to what became known as the Second Great Awakening . A particularly large and successful revival was held at Cane Ridge, Kentucky in 1801, led by some ministers later active in what became the Restoration Movement . Some scholars suggest that this was the pioneering event in the history of frontier camp meetings in America. What made camp meetings successful and multiply quite rapidly "were their emphases upon revivalism and morality, de-emphasis upon formal theology, clergy sharing

8449-535: The duration of the meeting, participants could take part in almost continuous services, which resulted in high emotions; once one speaker was finished (often after several hours), another would often rise to take his place. Several ministers, sometimes from different denominations, provided virtually nonstop preaching and hymn singing during the day, in the evening, and late into the night. Attenders anticipated and had emotional conversion experiences, with crying, trances, and exaltation. Lee Sandlin gave an overview of

8568-429: The end of the decade, the magazine was printing articles by well-known authors of the day ( John Pentland Mahaffy , John Burroughs , Hjalmar Hjorth Boyesen ), and serial educational material (including courses by William Torrey Harris and Arthur Gilman ). Strongly allied with the main organization, it had easy access to popular authors ("the big fish in the intellectual sea", according to Frank Luther Mott ), but Flood

8687-600: The event, such as Colonel Robert Patterson, who had been involved in the settlement of Kentucky practically from the beginning. He had described with amazement the religious phenomena taking place during the sequence of meetings. His description of the Cane Ridge Revival, taken from a letter to the Rev. Doctor John King on September 25, 1801, is memorable: On the first Sabbath of August, was the Sacrament of Kainridge,

8806-410: The focus of the camp meeting was on preaching of the "way of salvation," and the physical layout of the camp meeting assembly area came to be a sacred space representing the stages on the way of salvation. The altar rail , originated the point for receiving Holy Communion, came to represent the surrender of oneself in conversion and entire sanctification. The " mourner's bench " (or "anxious bench," as it

8925-634: The formation of the Hollow Rock Holiness Camp Meeting Association and its leasing and eventual purchase of the land. The association, which still operates the camp, notes that it is the oldest Christian camp meeting in continual existence in the United States, being supported by various denominations in the Wesleyan-Holiness tradition. Another camp gathering area, known now as the Campgrounds,

9044-468: The grounds and named the streets, some of which were named after early settlers. On August 2, 1876, the first meeting was held at the site. Dr. Pilcher suggested the name Bay View, and selected the site of the Speaker's Stand. He wrote articles of incorporation, stating the assembly was "organized for intellectual and scientific culture, and for the promotion of the cause of religion and morality." Shelter at

9163-460: The history of the one-person show." On a lighter note, author Opie Read's stories and homespun philosophy endeared him to audiences. Other well-known speakers and lecturers at Chautauqua events of various forms included U.S. Representative Champ Clark , Missouri Governor Herbert S. Hadley , and Wisconsin Governor "Fighting Bob" La Follette . Christian instruction, preaching, and worship were

9282-541: The independent Chautauqua." Bay View's continues to the Chautauqua program established by John M. Hall to this day. The four pillars are arts, education, recreation, and religion. Sundays find members and visitors participating in Communion, Sunday School and Assembly Worship. Vespers are now concerts beginning and ending with a hymn and closing benediction. Carillon bells call us to Worship and eventide. Youth groups, Bible studies and prayer meetings are offered throughout

9401-434: The instant in opposition to it, and railing against it, have instantaneously laid motionless on the ground. Some feel the approaching symptoms by being under deep convictions; their heart swells, their nerves relax, and in an instant they become motionless and speechless, but generally retain their senses. Patterson went on to describe other manifestations which lasted from "one hour to 24", and continued: In order to give you

9520-612: The later Moral Re-Armament movement. In the first half of the 20th century, fundamentalism was the subject of an increasing number of Chautauqua sermons and lectures. But the great number of Chautauquas, as well as the absence of any central authority over them, meant that religious patterns varied greatly among them. Some were so religiously oriented that they were essentially church camps , while more secular Chautauquas resembled summer school and competed with vaudeville in theaters and circus tent shows with their animal acts and trapeze acrobats. One example, Lakeside Chautauqua ,

9639-440: The later Restoration Movement of the 1830s, had each been ordained as Presbyterian ministers and served for several years in that role, leading preaching at numerous meetings. The movement of thousands of settlers to new territories without permanent villages of the types they knew meant they were without religious communities. Not only were there few authorized houses of worship , there were fewer ordained ministers to fill

9758-403: The leadership of John M. Hall, Bay View adopted a Chautauqua program which included a series of educational lectures, classes, entertainment, political speeches, and music, began in 1886, and the community developed around these activities. These programs, along with programs for children and a variety of classes, took place in July and August of each year. The program was immensely successful, as

9877-399: The mainstay of the Chautauqua. Until 1917, they dominated the circuit Chautauqua programs. The reform speech and the inspirational talk were the two main types of lecture until 1913. Later topics included current events, travel, and stories, often with a comedic twist. The most prolific speaker (often booked in the same venues with three-time presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan )

9996-603: The mid-1920s, when circuit Chautauquas were at their peak, they appeared in over 10,000 communities to audiences of more than 45 million; by about 1940 they had run their course. The Chautauquan was a magazine founded in 1880 by Theodore L. Flood. First printed in Jamestown, New York , the magazine soon found a home in Meadville, Pennsylvania , where Flood bought a printing shop. It printed articles about Christian history, Sunday school lessons, and lectures from Chautauqua. By

10115-462: The mid-1920s. The Chautauqua brought entertainment and culture for the whole community, with speakers, teachers, musicians, showmen, preachers, and specialists of the day. U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt is often quoted as saying that Chautauqua is "the most American thing in America". What he actually said was: "it is a source of positive strength and refreshment of mind and body to come to meet

10234-433: The natural terraces. In the center of the community is The Campus (originally Tabernacle Park). Many of the larger communal structures are located here, including the original 1877 preaching stand, as well an 1880 book store and multiple educational buildings constructed around 1890. In 1879, an artesian well water system was installed, providing spring water. However, the pipes were laid very shallowly, and had to be drained in

10353-480: The new itinerant Chautauqua: The credit–or blame–for devising the Frankenstein mechanism which was both to exalt and to destroy Chautauqua, the tent circuit, must be given to two youths of similar temperament, imagination, and a common purpose. That purpose, bluntly, was to "make a million". Frank Gunsaulus attacked Vawter: "You're ruining a splendid movement," Gunsaulus roared at Keith Vawter, whom he met at

10472-441: The night, as the torches and bonfires flared around the meeting ground and the darkness of the trackless forests closed in, people behaved as if possessed by something new and unfathomable. As Finley wrote: "A strange supernatural power seemed to pervade the entire mass of mind there collected." Sandlin's commentary is a provocative opinion piece compared to the less sensationalist descriptions by those better qualified to write about

10591-402: The original on May 11, 2012 45°23′08″N 84°55′49″W  /  45.38556°N 84.93028°W  / 45.38556; -84.93028 Camp meeting Originally camp meetings were held in frontier areas, where people without regular preachers would travel on occasion from a large region to a particular site to camp , pray , sing hymns , and listen to itinerant preachers at

10710-552: The pillars of its Chautauqua foundation. The program revolves around the Day Camp (Boys & Girls Club) that offers a safe, stimulating environment in which children participate in healthy and creative activities. From mid-June to August, children participate in age-appropriate morning activities at Tot Lot (ages 3–4), Fawns (5-6), and Boys' And Girls' Club (7-14). These activities include games, athletics, arts & crafts, songs, scavenger hunts, and educational programming. The camp

10829-539: The populist ferment of the late 19th century. Manifestos such as the " Populist Party Platform" voiced disdain for political corruption and championed the plight of the common people in the face of the rich and powerful. Other favorite political reform topics in Chautauqua lectures included temperance (even prohibition ), women's suffrage , and child labor laws . But the Chautauqua movement usually avoided taking political stands as such, instead inviting public officials of all major political parties to lecture, assuring

10948-464: The pulpits. The "camp meeting" led by itinerant preachers was an innovative response to this situation. Word of mouth told there was to be a religious meeting at a certain location. Due to the primitive means of transportation , if the meeting was to be more than a few miles' distance from the homes of those attending, they would need to stay at the revival for its entire duration, or as long as they desired to remain. People generally camped out at or near

11067-421: The pump organ." By 1885 Ministerial Unions, Preacher's Conferences for lay preachers and teachers were added. Bay View's 25th anniversary pamphlet highlights that "Though a Methodist Institution, Bay View is not a church or denominational establishment, but a Christian Institution of the broadest catholicity, welcoming to full membership all men and women of any or no denomination who have a desire to be part of such

11186-476: The railroad would purchase the site, and the Methodists would agree to improve the location and hold camp meetings there for fifteen years. In 1876, the first group of Methodists travelled to the site, cleared an area of underbrush, and built a preaching stand and an audience area under the trees. Dr. Seth Reed chose the name of Bay View. He was secretary of the Bay View Association for 14 years. Dr. Reed platted

11305-534: The recreation program hosts a community hotdog roast. The motto of the Boys and Girls Club is "Fun and recreation for all." The recreational facilities include Swift Field, the Tot Lot building, the Fawn House, the Boys & Girls Club clubhouse, the craft house, 3 playgrounds, 9 tennis courts, 4 pickleball courts, the boathouse (with sunfish, lasers, kayaks, paddle boards, and other boats available for use by

11424-438: The revival site, as on the frontier there were usually neither adequate accommodations nor the funds for frontier families to use them. People were attracted to large camp meetings from a wide area. Some came out of sincere religious devotion or interest, others out of curiosity and a desire for a break from the arduous frontier routine; the structure of the situation often resulted in new converts. Freed from daily routines for

11543-417: The second or third day, people were crying out during the sermons, and shouting prayers, and bursting into loud lamentations; they began grabbing at their neighbors and desperately pleading with them to repent; they sobbed uncontrollably and ran in terror through the crowd, shoving aside everybody in their path. … As the preachers ranted without letup, the crowd was driven into a kind of collective ecstasy. In

11662-502: The space of two hours recommending religion and Jesus Christ to sinners, as a lovely Savior, free willing, and all sufficient, and calling to sinners and inviting them to come to Christ and close in with the offer of salvation, in the most pressing an engaging manner. Revivalism had been a significant force in religion since the 1740s and the First Great Awakening , but in the days of the camp meeting, "revivalism became

11781-402: The spirit of a particular sermon or prayer, would take lines from a preacher's text as a point of departure for a short, simple melody. The melody was either borrowed from a preexisting tune or made up on the spot. The line would be sung repeatedly, changing slightly each time, and shaped gradually into a stanza that could be learned easily by others and memorized quickly. Spontaneous song became

11900-554: The spirit of the frontier camp meeting. The Balls Creek Campground camp meeting was established in 1853 and is believed to be one of the largest religious campgrounds in the southern United States. Other sites of Methodist camp meetings in North Carolina are the Chapel Hill Church Tabernacle , Center Arbor , and Pleasant Grove Camp Meeting Ground (1830). The camp meeting tradition fostered

12019-459: The summer Assembly Season. All elements of all the programs are open to the general public. The Association's Mission Statement is also not affected by the Court's Order. The mission of the Bay View Association is to be an institution in which Christian values and traditions are central; To enrich the human experience for individuals and families within Bay View and the surrounding community through

12138-406: The summer. Daily Religion and Life lectures offer further study from Sunday's preacher. History - Founders desired a setting for spiritual refreshment and renewal of soul, mind and body. "We came to worship God, to establish a center of Christian influence,...a place where Christian people could meet, enjoy fellowship...where God shall be honored..." "Tabernacle Park", in the center of the grounds

12257-487: The swimming and boating areas and to protect against erosion. History - The site of Bay View was chosen in part for its recreational opportunities. In 1875, the Conference Committee tasked with locating a proposed site for what would become Bay View foresaw "the great summer resort of the northwest…for scores of miles in almost every direction offers facilities for recreation which are simply endless." At

12376-480: The time was only in tents. Construction of cottages began almost immediately, and by 1881 there were about 150 at the site. By this time, the original religious-oriented camp meeting program had languished and the association hired John M. Hall to organize Bay View's interdenominational Assembly program: a "Christian Institution of the broadest catholicity." Departments included Bible, Missionary, Social, Health, Industrial, Country Life: American and International. Under

12495-769: The time, Wesleyan Methodists disapproved and subsequently expelled Hugh Bourne "because you have a tendency to set up other than the ordinary worship.". He eventually formed the Primitive Methodist Church . The Wesleyan Methodist Church and the Primitive Methodist Church in Great Britain later reunited to form the Methodist Church of Great Britain ). During his visits to England, Lorenzo Dow brought reports of North American camp meetings. Hugh Bourne, William Clowes and Daniel Shoebotham saw this as an answer to complaints from members of

12614-466: The turn of the 20th century, vaudeville managers began a push for more "refinement", as well as a loosening of Victorian-era morals from the Chautauqua side. Over time, as vaudeville became more respectable, Chautauqua became more permissive in what it considered acceptable acts. The boundaries between the two began to blur. Music was important to Chautauqua, with band music in particular demand. John Philip Sousa protégé Bohumir Kryl 's Bohemian Band

12733-429: The two movements found themselves at odds. Chautauqua was considered wholesome family entertainment and appealed to middle classes and people who considered themselves respectable or aspired to respectability. Vaudeville, on the other hand, was widely considered vulgar babbitry , and appealed to working-class men. There was a stark distinction between the two, and they generally did not share performers or audiences. At

12852-429: The typical camp meeting in frontier America: A typical meeting began in a low-key, almost solemn way. A preacher gave a sermon of welcome and led a prayer for peace and community. This was followed by the singing of several hymns. Then there would be more sermons. … The next day, and the day following, the sermons grew increasingly sensational and impassioned, and the excited response of the crowd grew more prolonged. By

12971-466: The winter months to prevent freezing. Now, the community is closed from November through April, during which time the residences on the association grounds must be vacated. John M. Hall Auditorium, replaced the 1881 Chapel and the 1887 New Tabernacle/Old Auditorium. Bay View was founded in 1875 by Michigan Methodists as a camp meeting "for scientific and intellectual culture, and for the promotion of religion and morality." Bay View's origins can be traced to

13090-523: The worldview of the frontier dwellers, and respect for common people. Frost summarizes: "Camp-meeting religion reinforced older themes of revivalism, including a sense of cooperation among the denominations, all of which confronted individual sinners with the necessity of making a decision to be converted." In the early 1800s in what is now Toronto, Ohio , members of the Sugar Grove Methodist Episcopal Church with

13209-624: Was Russell Conwell , who delivered his famous " Acres of Diamonds " speech 5,000 times to audiences on the Chautauqua and Lyceum circuits, which had this theme: Get rich, young man, for money is power and power ought to be in the hands of good people. I say you have no right to be poor. Maud Ballington Booth , the "Little Mother of the Prisons", was another popular circuit performer. Her descriptions of prison life moved her audiences to tears and roused them to reform. Jane Addams spoke on social problems and her work at Hull House . Helen Potter

13328-406: Was "God's first temple", the camp meeting place. "Rev. Dr. E.H. Pilcher, president, preached the opening sermon in 1876..., dedicating the grounds to the worship of Almighty God." Soon thousands came by rail and boat for all-day Big Sundays filled with worship, singing, and learning. Local Odawa and Ojibwa attended camp meeting services, where "Chief Petoskey's granddaughter accompanied the singing on

13447-514: Was abandoned in the 1980s. On August 6, 2011, the Bay View Association members voted on a proposal that would remove the Christian affiliation requirement. The proposal was defeated by a vote of 52% (381 members) opposed to 48% (346 members) in favor of the proposal. The proposal needed a two thirds majority to pass. On August 3, 2013, another vote was taken to change the membership qualification requirements to include non-Christians. The proposal

13566-430: Was again defeated by a vote of 51.85% (364 members) for the change to 48.14% (338 members) opposed to the change. A two-thirds majority is required to pass the amendment. The Board, led by President Jon Chism, held the belief that Bay View should defend the membership requirements, resulting in a increase in the Association's directors and officers insurance. In July 2017, The Bay View Chautauqua Inclusiveness Group filed

13685-421: Was another notable Chautauqua performer. She performed a variety of roles, including men and women. Gentile writes: "Potter's choice of subjects is noteworthy for its variety and for the fact that she was credible in her impersonations of men as well as of women. In retrospect, Potter's impersonations are of special interest as examples of the kind of recycling or refertilization of inspiration that occurs throughout

13804-526: Was decried by the theologians of the Mercersburg movement) was placed in front of the altar rail and represented the experience of spiritual "awakening" that typically preceded conversion in understanding of the "way of salvation." In a weekend format, one might expect a sermon on sin, awakening and repentance on Friday, sermons on conversion and assurance on Saturday, and preaching on sanctification (including entire sanctification ) on Sunday. Throughout

13923-418: Was frequently seen on the circuit. One of the numbers Kryl featured was the " Anvil Chorus " from Il Trovatore , with four husky timpanists in leather aprons hammering on anvils shooting sparks (enhanced through special effects ) across the darkened stage. Spirituals were also popular. White audiences appreciated seeing African-Americans performing something other than minstrelsy . Other musical features of

14042-540: Was located in present-day Merrick, New York . Parishioners arrived by wagon, parking them in two concentric circles. Eventually some started building small seasonal cottages, which offered more comfort than the wagons for repeated use. A chapel and a house for the minister were also built. In the 1920s, with new areas open to those with cars, people stopped using the campground. The cottages and church buildings were adapted as local, permanent residences, and most survive today. The two roads, Wesley and Fletcher avenues, encompass

14161-483: Was wary of making his magazine too dry for popular taste, and sought variety. By 1889 the magazine changed course radically and dropped the serials that were Chautauqua's required reading, expanding with articles on history, biography, travel, politics, and literature. One section had editorial articles from national newspapers; another was the "Woman's Council Table", which excerpted articles often by famous women writers, though all this material remained required reading for

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